2016四六级写作和翻译讲座

字迹清楚，段落明朗 内容完整，紧扣提纲 首保正确，再求闪光 先总后分，连词用上 语言简练，论据得当
检查

标点、语法、拼写错误 不要作内容上的大的改动 注意卷面整洁
CET4 Writing
Writing Effective Sentences
Wrong(or Non-standard) Sentences
作文评分标准





本题满分为15分 阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。 阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为所阅文章与某一分数 相似，即定为该分数；若认为所阅文章稍优或稍劣于该分数则可加一 分或减一分。但不得加或减半分。 评分标准 2分 – 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误， 且多数为严重错误 5分 – 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错 误。 8分 – 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言 错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。 11分 – 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14分 – 切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯，基本上无语言错误， 但有个别小错。 （注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达 思想，则给0分）
Ⅲ Vary Your Sentences
• Simple sentence
We went to the movies last night.
• Compound (double) sentence
写作步骤

审题
写作
检查
审题


注意审题一定要仔细，按要求写作，不 得擅自改动题目，给定的提纲不得有遗 漏，否则会按比例扣分。 构思
分段、关键词或主题句
图片作文

第一段，描述图画反应的内容。 第二段，阐明观点。 末段，总结观点，提出建议。
写作策略



clear complete correct coherent concise
yours.
• My home is nearer to our school than yours is. • My home is nearer to our school than it is to yours.
Craftsmen came to study the ancient design from all over the world.
Basic Sentence Faults
• E.g. The girl made the fire, the boy cooked
ⅠRun-on Sentence
theBaidu Nhomakorabeafood.
• The girl made the fire. The boy cooked the food. • The girl made the fire; the boy cooked the food. • The girl made the fire and the boy cooked the food. • After the girl made the fire, the boy cooked the food.
Ⅵ Errors in Parallelism
• The game-show contestant was told to be cheerful, charming, and with enthusiasm. enthusiastic • The dictionary can be used for these purposes: to find word meanings, pronunciations, correct spellings, and looking up irregular verbs. • The salesman expected that he would present his product at the meeting, that there would be time for him to show his slide presentation, and that questions would be asked prospective buyers. prospective buyers would by ask him questions
For all intents and purposes, the reason Mr. Henderson arrived late for work was due to the fact that he stopped at very many traffic lights that were red in colour. (31 words)
• Craftsmen from all over the world came to study the ancient design. • In the article it points out that the air
pollution of this city is serious.
• This article points out that the air pollution of this city is serious. • It is pointed out in the article that the air pollution of this city is serious.
四级写作
写作评分原则



CET 是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的 四级和六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为 准则。 CET作文题采用总体评分（Global Scoring）方法。 阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（Reward Score）， 而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容 和语言是一个统一体。作文应该表达题目所规定的 内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否 切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清 楚而合适地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误 是否造成理解上的障碍。
• Consistency with Pronouns
• E.g. One of the fringe benefits of my job is that you I can use a company credit card for gasoline.
• Though we like most of our neighbors, there are a few you can’t get along with. we
• Roses are red, mice are gray. • I like teaching. Because my students are smart. • The price dropped 10% and is on sale. • Molly was a rich widow, a good public speaker and gave generously to charity. • He said to his father he was wrong. • She was told the fact that her son had won the first prize.
• Short Form
at the present time in the event that in the near future due to the fact that for the reason that in this day and age in every instance during the time that return back …
Mr. Henderson arrived late for work because he stopped at many red lights. (13 words)
• Wordy Form
• • • • • • • • • •
Wordy to Single
• • • • • • • • • •
spread papers all over his desk.
• Frank likes to get to work early and spread papers all over his desk.
Ⅲ Ambiguous Sentence
• My home is nearer to our school than
now if soon because because today always while Return …
ⅤDangling Modifier
• Having studied hard, the examination was
passed successfully.
• Having studied hard, he passed the examination successfully. • Trying desperately to finish an essay, my
ⅡSentence Fragment
• I like reading very much. Because
reading can enrich my knowledge.
• I like reading very much because reading can enrich my knowledge. • Frank likes to get to work early. And
Writing Effective Sentences
• Consistency
• Conciseness
• Variety • Emphasis
ⅠHave a Consistent Point of View
• Consistency with Verbs • E.g. Jean punched down the risen yeast dough in the bowl. Then she dumps it onto the floured worktable and kneaded it into a smooth, shiny ball. • Punched—dumped—kneaded • Punches—dumps—kneads
room-mate’s stereo made it impossible to concentrate.
• Trying desperately to finish an essay, I found it impossible to concentrate because of my room-mate’s stereo.
Ⅳ Redundant Sentence
(Wordiness)
• To write simply is as difficult as to be good. ─ W. Somerest Maugham
Every seat in the house was filled to capacity.
Every seat was taken. / The house was full.
Ⅱ Use Specific Words
• • • • • • • 1. Use exact names. He sold his camper. Luke sold his Winnebago. 2. Use lively verbs. The flag moved in the breeze. The flag fluttered in the breeze. 3. Use descriptive words (modifiers) before nouns. • A man strained to lift the crate. • A heavyset, perspiring man strained to lift the heavy,wooden crate.