词汇学--词素讲解学习
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In word-formation, morphemes are labeled root, stem, base and affix.
在构词法中，语素被分为词根、词干、词 基和词缀。
源自文库
Root
Stem
Morpheme
Affix Base
Affix
Affixes are forms that are attached to words
Eg, unjust, rewrite,impossible. As a rule,most prefixes modify the meaning of roots,but not their parts of speech.
2. Suffixes are affixes after the root.
派生词缀是加在词干上构成新词的词缀。
Ⅱ.According to their distribution in the formation of words Affixes can be divided into prefixes and suffixes.
1. Prefixes are affixes before the root.
※. Roots may be Free:those that can stand by themselves. eg ：black+board;nation+nal Bound:those that cannot stand by themselves. eg：-ceive in receive,perceive,conceive
※.A stem may be the same as,and in other cases,different from,a root.For example,in the word “friends”.“friend”is both the root and the stem,but in the word “friendship”, “friendship” is its stem,“friend” is its root.
or word elements to modify meaning or function.
All affixes are bound morphemes—some
morphemes cannot normally stand alone,but
function only as parts of words,e,g.-s,-er and-ed
By the addtion of the suffix, the word is usually changed from one part of speech into another, e.g. liberation. modernize.
Root
※. A“root”is the base form of a word that cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity.In other words, a root is that part of a word form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed.(词根是所有屈折词缀和派生 词缀被去掉后剩余的部分) For example, “Internationalism”is a four-morpheme derivative which keeps its free morpheme “nation”as its root when “inter-”,“al”and”-ism”are taken away.
※. Some words(i.e.compounds )have more than one root, eg：mailman, girlfriend,armchair.
Stem
※.A stem is that part of the word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. In other words, a “stem” is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an affix can be added. 词干是所有屈折词缀被去掉后剩余的部分。
词缀都是粘着语素，依附于词根上构成新词或表示词的语 法意义.
Ⅰ.According to the functions of affixes Affix can be divided into inflectional affixes and derivational affixes.
1. Inflectional affixes（Inflectional morphemes ）are not used to produce new words,but rather to show aspects of the grammatical function of a word(-s,-＇s,-ed,-ing,-er,-est).
Morpheme and Word-formation 词素和构词法
Members:
Speaker: 张莎莎 Searcher: 丁梦丽 Maker： 王海金
201217110 201217101 201217103
Introduction
We know words can be analyzed into morphemes, which are the minimal meaningful units in the composition of words.
屈折词缀:表示词的语法意义。
2. Derivational affixes(Derivational morphemes) are used to make new words in the language and are often used to make words of a different grammatical category from the stem(-er,-ness,ly,-ful,-less,un-,dis-,re-,im-,pre-).
在构词法中，语素被分为词根、词干、词 基和词缀。
源自文库
Root
Stem
Morpheme
Affix Base
Affix
Affixes are forms that are attached to words
Eg, unjust, rewrite,impossible. As a rule,most prefixes modify the meaning of roots,but not their parts of speech.
2. Suffixes are affixes after the root.
派生词缀是加在词干上构成新词的词缀。
Ⅱ.According to their distribution in the formation of words Affixes can be divided into prefixes and suffixes.
1. Prefixes are affixes before the root.
※. Roots may be Free:those that can stand by themselves. eg ：black+board;nation+nal Bound:those that cannot stand by themselves. eg：-ceive in receive,perceive,conceive
※.A stem may be the same as,and in other cases,different from,a root.For example,in the word “friends”.“friend”is both the root and the stem,but in the word “friendship”, “friendship” is its stem,“friend” is its root.
or word elements to modify meaning or function.
All affixes are bound morphemes—some
morphemes cannot normally stand alone,but
function only as parts of words,e,g.-s,-er and-ed
By the addtion of the suffix, the word is usually changed from one part of speech into another, e.g. liberation. modernize.
Root
※. A“root”is the base form of a word that cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity.In other words, a root is that part of a word form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed.(词根是所有屈折词缀和派生 词缀被去掉后剩余的部分) For example, “Internationalism”is a four-morpheme derivative which keeps its free morpheme “nation”as its root when “inter-”,“al”and”-ism”are taken away.
※. Some words(i.e.compounds )have more than one root, eg：mailman, girlfriend,armchair.
Stem
※.A stem is that part of the word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. In other words, a “stem” is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an affix can be added. 词干是所有屈折词缀被去掉后剩余的部分。
词缀都是粘着语素，依附于词根上构成新词或表示词的语 法意义.
Ⅰ.According to the functions of affixes Affix can be divided into inflectional affixes and derivational affixes.
1. Inflectional affixes（Inflectional morphemes ）are not used to produce new words,but rather to show aspects of the grammatical function of a word(-s,-＇s,-ed,-ing,-er,-est).
Morpheme and Word-formation 词素和构词法
Members:
Speaker: 张莎莎 Searcher: 丁梦丽 Maker： 王海金
201217110 201217101 201217103
Introduction
We know words can be analyzed into morphemes, which are the minimal meaningful units in the composition of words.
屈折词缀:表示词的语法意义。
2. Derivational affixes(Derivational morphemes) are used to make new words in the language and are often used to make words of a different grammatical category from the stem(-er,-ness,ly,-ful,-less,un-,dis-,re-,im-,pre-).