高中英语语法______独立主格结构课件
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A I couldn`t finish my work with those children __ .
A. playing around B. plays around C. played around D. to play around
活学巧用
1. With summer coming , the weather is becoming hotter and hotter. 随着夏天的到来，天气越来越热。 2.With the teacher standing beside ，she felt a bit uneasy . 老师站在旁边，她觉得有点不自然。
(3)作条件状语
With time permitting, we`ll visit the Summer Palace.
=Time permitting, we`ll visit the Summer Palace.
=If time permits, we`ll visit the Summer Palace.
(Ⅰ) 名词/代词+分词(过去分词done & 现在分词doing)
当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主 语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语, 构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也 可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。 1T._h_is__p_ro_b__le_m__s_e_t_tl_e_d, they left the meeting – room. （问题解决了）（settle） 2T._im__e_p_e_r_m__it_t_in_g,we`ll go there on foot. (时间允许的话)(permit) 3.He was lying on the grass,(他的手交叉在头下) his h_a_n_d_s__cr_o_s_s_e_d_u__n_d_e_r_h_i_s_h_e_a_d_._(cross)
(早餐结束后)（over）
2._T_h__e_r_e_b_e_i_n_g__n_o__c_a_u_s_e__fo__r_a_l_a_r_m_____,she
went back to her room. (没有闹钟的原因)
3._T__h_e__ro__o_m__b_e__in_g__p_a_i_n_t_e_d__n_o_w__, we
can‘t go there. (房间正在被油漆)
二．With和without复合结构
with + 宾语 +
逻辑Biblioteka Baidu语
形容词
副词
名词
介词短语
v-ing 主动、进行
v-ed to do
被动、完成 将要发生
（Ⅰ）with/without＋名词／代词＋现在分词。 用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。
(Ⅱ) with/without 名词／代词+ 过去分词。用过 去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。
C In the reading-room, we found her seated at
a desk, with her attention __
on a
book.
A. fixing B. fixes
C. fixed D. to fix
活学巧用
1. With the work done , she felt greatly relieved.
工作完成了，她大大地松了一口气。
2. With his hair cut much younger.
, he looks
理了头发，他显得年轻多了。
(Ⅲ) with/without＋名词／代词＋不定式。 用不定式表示将要发生的动作。
C.remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars
3.__ the lights off, we could not go on with the
work.
A. Until B. As C. With D. Because
4.It was a pity that the great writer died
结构:
名词/代词 + 非谓语（doing & todo & done）
逻辑主语
形容词&副词 介词短语
Taking your age into consideration, You’d better not go hiking. (逻辑主语you) Your age taken into consideration, you’d better not go hiking. (逻主your age)
A. There were; to go B. With; to go
C. I was; left
D. It had; left
2.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the __ .
A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain
（１）作时间状语 With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. =Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. = When winter comes on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.
(V) with/without+名词／代词＋介词短语。
The girl looked up with tears in her eyes. 那女孩眼泪汪汪地抬起头。
1.He sleeps with a book in his hand. . (手上拿 着一本书） 2. A girl with a necklace around her neck got on the bus. （脖子上带着条项链）
2.T__h_e__l_a_s__t_g_u__e_s_t__t_o__a_r_r_i_v_e_ (最后一个人的到来)， our party was started.（arrive）
（Ⅴ）名词／代词＋介词短语
在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语 中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯 不用冠词。 1.Our teacher came into the classroom, ___b_o_o_k_i_n_h_a_n__d____.(手上一本书) 2.__F_l_a_g_o_n__sh__o_u_ld_e_r_____ the soldier rushed to the top of the mountain.(肩上一面旗帜）
(Ⅵ)有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅 在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语 的词或词组，省去的分词一般是being
或having been，这是为了简练。但在
“being+过去分词”或“there being＋
过去分词”结构中，being不可省。
1._B_r_e_a_k_f_a_s_t_(_b_e_i_n_g_)__o_v_e_r___, he went to school.
C 1. With a lot of difficult problems __
, the
newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling
C. to settle D. being settled
2.因为有太多的作业要做，所以我们不能出去玩。
beautiful with all the lights on
.
所有的灯都亮时，广场显得更加美丽。
2. With his parents away , Tom becomes more naughty.
父母不在，汤姆变得更淘气。
三．with和without复合结构 与独立主格结构的转化
（Ⅰ） with和without复合结构与独立主格结构在句 中作状语时，一般可相互转换；此外还可变为状语从 句或并列句。
（２）作原因状语 With the key lost, she could not enter the room.
=The key lost, she could not enter the room.
=As/Because the key had been lost, she could not enter the room.
(Ⅱ)名词/代词 + (being) 形容词
1. _H__i_s_m___o_t_h__e__r_(__being) ill,he had to stay home to look after her.(他妈妈生病了)
2. He entered the house,(他的鼻子冻得通红) h_i_s__n_o__s_e__r_e__d__w__i_t_h cold.（red）
(Ⅲ)名词／代词＋（being) 副词
He put on his socks，_w__r__o_n__g__s_i_d_e out .
（反的一面在外面）(out)
(Ⅳ)名词／代词＋不定式
1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest C__ in a
year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed
(4)作伴随状语
Here are the first three volumes with the fourth one to come out next month.
=Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month.
=Here are the first three volumes and the fourth one is coming out next month.
(Ⅱ) with和without复合结构可以作 后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结
构则不可作后置定语修饰名词。
Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom.
=Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were in blossom.
活学巧用
1.__ ten minutes __ before the last train
left, we arrived at the station.
With so much work to do, we can’t go out to play.
(Ⅳ)with/without＋名词／代词＋形容词。
She sleeps with the window open. 她开着窗户睡觉.
1.她父母死了，那女孩只好辍学。 With her parents dead, the girl had to leave school.
一．独立主格结构
独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，可以理解为一个
在句中做状语 的短语，用于修饰整个句子。其位置灵
活，可位于句前、句中或句末，常由逗号将其与句子 分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不 能使用任何连接词。
独立主格结构主要有两部分构成：逻辑主语和逻辑 谓语。名词或代词作为逻辑主语 ；现在分词、过去分词、 动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语等作为逻辑 谓语。
(ⅤI) with/without+名词／代词＋副词。
__ C
production up by 60%,
the company has had another excellent
year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
活学巧用
1.The square looks more
__ his work unfinished.
A. for B. with C. from D. of
5.The weather __ so bad, we had to put off the
A. playing around B. plays around C. played around D. to play around
活学巧用
1. With summer coming , the weather is becoming hotter and hotter. 随着夏天的到来，天气越来越热。 2.With the teacher standing beside ，she felt a bit uneasy . 老师站在旁边，她觉得有点不自然。
(3)作条件状语
With time permitting, we`ll visit the Summer Palace.
=Time permitting, we`ll visit the Summer Palace.
=If time permits, we`ll visit the Summer Palace.
(Ⅰ) 名词/代词+分词(过去分词done & 现在分词doing)
当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主 语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语, 构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也 可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。 1T._h_is__p_ro_b__le_m__s_e_t_tl_e_d, they left the meeting – room. （问题解决了）（settle） 2T._im__e_p_e_r_m__it_t_in_g,we`ll go there on foot. (时间允许的话)(permit) 3.He was lying on the grass,(他的手交叉在头下) his h_a_n_d_s__cr_o_s_s_e_d_u__n_d_e_r_h_i_s_h_e_a_d_._(cross)
(早餐结束后)（over）
2._T_h__e_r_e_b_e_i_n_g__n_o__c_a_u_s_e__fo__r_a_l_a_r_m_____,she
went back to her room. (没有闹钟的原因)
3._T__h_e__ro__o_m__b_e__in_g__p_a_i_n_t_e_d__n_o_w__, we
can‘t go there. (房间正在被油漆)
二．With和without复合结构
with + 宾语 +
逻辑Biblioteka Baidu语
形容词
副词
名词
介词短语
v-ing 主动、进行
v-ed to do
被动、完成 将要发生
（Ⅰ）with/without＋名词／代词＋现在分词。 用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。
(Ⅱ) with/without 名词／代词+ 过去分词。用过 去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。
C In the reading-room, we found her seated at
a desk, with her attention __
on a
book.
A. fixing B. fixes
C. fixed D. to fix
活学巧用
1. With the work done , she felt greatly relieved.
工作完成了，她大大地松了一口气。
2. With his hair cut much younger.
, he looks
理了头发，他显得年轻多了。
(Ⅲ) with/without＋名词／代词＋不定式。 用不定式表示将要发生的动作。
C.remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars
3.__ the lights off, we could not go on with the
work.
A. Until B. As C. With D. Because
4.It was a pity that the great writer died
结构:
名词/代词 + 非谓语（doing & todo & done）
逻辑主语
形容词&副词 介词短语
Taking your age into consideration, You’d better not go hiking. (逻辑主语you) Your age taken into consideration, you’d better not go hiking. (逻主your age)
A. There were; to go B. With; to go
C. I was; left
D. It had; left
2.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the __ .
A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain
（１）作时间状语 With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. =Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. = When winter comes on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.
(V) with/without+名词／代词＋介词短语。
The girl looked up with tears in her eyes. 那女孩眼泪汪汪地抬起头。
1.He sleeps with a book in his hand. . (手上拿 着一本书） 2. A girl with a necklace around her neck got on the bus. （脖子上带着条项链）
2.T__h_e__l_a_s__t_g_u__e_s_t__t_o__a_r_r_i_v_e_ (最后一个人的到来)， our party was started.（arrive）
（Ⅴ）名词／代词＋介词短语
在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语 中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯 不用冠词。 1.Our teacher came into the classroom, ___b_o_o_k_i_n_h_a_n__d____.(手上一本书) 2.__F_l_a_g_o_n__sh__o_u_ld_e_r_____ the soldier rushed to the top of the mountain.(肩上一面旗帜）
(Ⅵ)有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅 在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语 的词或词组，省去的分词一般是being
或having been，这是为了简练。但在
“being+过去分词”或“there being＋
过去分词”结构中，being不可省。
1._B_r_e_a_k_f_a_s_t_(_b_e_i_n_g_)__o_v_e_r___, he went to school.
C 1. With a lot of difficult problems __
, the
newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling
C. to settle D. being settled
2.因为有太多的作业要做，所以我们不能出去玩。
beautiful with all the lights on
.
所有的灯都亮时，广场显得更加美丽。
2. With his parents away , Tom becomes more naughty.
父母不在，汤姆变得更淘气。
三．with和without复合结构 与独立主格结构的转化
（Ⅰ） with和without复合结构与独立主格结构在句 中作状语时，一般可相互转换；此外还可变为状语从 句或并列句。
（２）作原因状语 With the key lost, she could not enter the room.
=The key lost, she could not enter the room.
=As/Because the key had been lost, she could not enter the room.
(Ⅱ)名词/代词 + (being) 形容词
1. _H__i_s_m___o_t_h__e__r_(__being) ill,he had to stay home to look after her.(他妈妈生病了)
2. He entered the house,(他的鼻子冻得通红) h_i_s__n_o__s_e__r_e__d__w__i_t_h cold.（red）
(Ⅲ)名词／代词＋（being) 副词
He put on his socks，_w__r__o_n__g__s_i_d_e out .
（反的一面在外面）(out)
(Ⅳ)名词／代词＋不定式
1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest C__ in a
year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed
(4)作伴随状语
Here are the first three volumes with the fourth one to come out next month.
=Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month.
=Here are the first three volumes and the fourth one is coming out next month.
(Ⅱ) with和without复合结构可以作 后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结
构则不可作后置定语修饰名词。
Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom.
=Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were in blossom.
活学巧用
1.__ ten minutes __ before the last train
left, we arrived at the station.
With so much work to do, we can’t go out to play.
(Ⅳ)with/without＋名词／代词＋形容词。
She sleeps with the window open. 她开着窗户睡觉.
1.她父母死了，那女孩只好辍学。 With her parents dead, the girl had to leave school.
一．独立主格结构
独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，可以理解为一个
在句中做状语 的短语，用于修饰整个句子。其位置灵
活，可位于句前、句中或句末，常由逗号将其与句子 分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不 能使用任何连接词。
独立主格结构主要有两部分构成：逻辑主语和逻辑 谓语。名词或代词作为逻辑主语 ；现在分词、过去分词、 动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语等作为逻辑 谓语。
(ⅤI) with/without+名词／代词＋副词。
__ C
production up by 60%,
the company has had another excellent
year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
活学巧用
1.The square looks more
__ his work unfinished.
A. for B. with C. from D. of
5.The weather __ so bad, we had to put off the