全面理解商品的价值量人教版
全面把握“商品的价值量”
一、弄清三组概念
1. 商品的价值量和商品的价值总量。
商品的价值量是指商品价值的大小。它通常是指单位商品的价值量。商品的价值总量是指某一部门或某一商品生产者在一定时间内所生产的商品的价值量的总和。它等于商品的数量与单位商品价值量的乘积。
2. 社会必要劳动时间和个别劳动时间。
社会必要劳动时间是指在现有的社会正常的生产条件下，在社会平均的劳动熟练程度和劳动强度下制造某种使用价值所需要的劳动时间。个别劳动时间是指生产同一种商品的不同生产者各自所耗费的劳动时间。由于每个生产者的条件不同，其个别劳动的时间也不同。
3. 社会劳动生产率和个别劳动生产率。
社会劳动生产率是指某部门或整个行业的劳动效率。个别劳动生产率是指某一单位、企业或某一商品生产者的劳动效率。
二、明确六组关系
1. 劳动生产率和劳动时间的关系。
劳动时间随劳动生产率的变化而变化，劳动生产率提高，劳动时间就缩短，反之，则延长。
2. 商品的价值量和社会必要劳动时间、社会劳动生产率的关系。
商品的价值量由社会必要劳动时间决定，生产某种商品所耗费的社会必要劳动时间越多，其价值量就越大，反之，则越小。社会必要劳动时间随社会劳动生产率的变化而变化，生产某种商品的社会劳动生产率越高，所耗费的社会必要劳动时间就越少，商品的价值量也就越小，反之，则越大。所以，商品的价值量和社会必要劳动时间成正比，与社会劳动生产率成反比。
3. 商品的价值量和个别劳动时间、个别劳动生产率的关系。
商品的价值量和个别劳动时间、个别劳动生产率都无关，因为商品的价值量是由社会必要劳动时间决定的。
4. 商品的价值总量和社会劳动生产率的关系。
社会劳动生产率无论如何变化，同一劳动在同一时间内所创造的价值总量是不变的。因为生产某种商品的社会劳动生产率越高，生产单位商品所耗费的社会必要劳动时间就越少，那么在单位时间内所生产的商品数量就越多，而单位商品的价值量则随着社会劳动生产率的提高而降低，这样二者的乘积即价值总量没有变化。
5. 商品的价值总量和个别劳动生产率的关系。
个别劳动生产率与同一时间创造的商品的价值总量成正比。因为个别劳动生产率提高，说明商品生产者在同一时间内创造的商品数量增加。由于社会必要劳动时间不变，单位商品价值量不变，故商品的价值总量增多。
6. 劳动生产率与商品使用价值的关系。劳动生产率提高，生产单位产品的时间就减少，在同一时间内生产的产品数量就增多，使用价值也就增多，所以劳动生产率同商品的使用价值量成正比。
通过以上分析，可得出以下结论：
三、把握两方面意义
1. 提高个别劳动生产率的意义。
①个别劳动生产率提高后，个别生产者在相同的时间内创造的价值总量增加，在竞争中可获得额外的收益，在竞争中处于有利的地位。因此，个别劳动生产率的高低直接影响着商品生产者的盈亏状况。②个别劳动生产率的普遍提高，有利于促进社会劳动生产率的提高。
2. 提高社会劳动生产率的意义。
社会劳动生产率提高后，单位时间内所生产的商品数量增加，单位商品的价值量降低，价格下降，从而可以使人们购买到更多物美价廉的商品，不断满足人们日益增长的物质文化生活需要。
四、典型例析
（2020年上海高考题）“旧时王谢堂前燕，飞入寻常百姓家”常被用来形容过去的一些昂贵商品现在变成了大众消费品。造成这种变化的主要原因是
A. 社会劳动生产率提高
B. 大众消费观念发生变化
C. 人民生活质量提高
D. 商品市场日益繁荣
解析：该题主要考查学生对商品的价格、价值和社会劳动生产率之间关系的理解、应用能力。价值决定价格，价值又和社会劳动生产率成反比，所以，社会劳动生产率提高后，单位商品的价值量降低，价格下降，人们就可以购买到更多物美价廉的商品，昂贵商品也就变成了大众消费品。故正确答案是A项。
小升初六年级译林版小学英语专题复习 阅读理解(含答案)
一、英语阅读理解训练 1．阅读理解阅读短文，判断句子正误。 Mr. Zhou's office is not far from his home, but he drives to work every day. He likes his car very much, so he often washes his car and he uses a lot of water to wash it. He tells Mrs. Zhou, "I must keep my car very clean." Mrs. Zhou says to Mr. Zhou," You shouldn't wash your car too often. You shouldn't waste too much water." Mrs. Zhou goes shopping every day. She goes to the market on foot. She likes walking. She thinks it's good for her health. （1）Mr. Zhou uses a lot of water to wash his car. （2）Mrs. Zhou walks to the market. （3）Mr. Zhou works near his home. He goes to work on foot every day. （4）Mrs. Zhou tells Mr. Zhou not to waste water. （5）Mrs. Zhou often drives the car. 【答案】（1）1 （2）1 （3）0 （4）1 （5）0 【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了周先生的办公室离他家不远，但他每天开车上班，他经常用很多水洗车，周太太告诉他不应该浪费太多水，周太太喜欢散步，她认为这对她的健康有好处。 （1）句意：周先生用很多水洗车。根据He likes his car very much, so he often washes his car and he uses a lot of water to wash it. 可知周先生用很多水洗车。故答案为正确。 （2）句意：周太太步行去市场。根据 She goes to the market on foot. 可知周太太步行去市场。故答案为正确。 （3）句意：周先生在家附近工作。他每天步行去上班。根据Mr. Zhou's office is not far from his home, but he drives to work every day. 可知周先生的办公室离他家不远，但他每天开车上班。故答案为错误。 （4）句意：周太太叫周先生不要浪费水。根据Mrs. Zhou says to Mr. Zhou," You shouldn't wash your car too often. You shouldn't waste too much water." 可知周太太叫周先生不要浪费水。故答案为正确。 （5）句意：周太太经常开车。根据She likes walking. 可知周太太喜欢散步。故答案为错误。 【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，判断句子正确或错误。 2．阅读理解阅读短文，判断下列句子正误 In England, people don't usually talk very much. People often read books and newspapers when they are on a bus or on a train and sometimes they like looking out of the window. But they
【英语】人教版英语专题训练 中考英语阅读理解(word)
【英语】人教版英语专题训练中考英语阅读理解（word） 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Science fiction is a popular kind of writing, and many people think of Jules Verne（凡尔纳） as the father of science fiction. He was born in France in 1828. His father wanted him to become a lawyer, but from his early 20s Verne decided to become a writer. At first he wrote plays for the theater. Then, in 1863, he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. The success of this book encouraged him to write more stories such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth（1864） and From the Earth to the Moon（1865）. In the 19th century, many people were interested in science and inventions. Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and, as a result, they were very popular. Verne's writing included many predictions（预言）for the 20th century and many of them came true. He described space flight, movies, and air conditioning, a long time before they appeared. These books were very successful and they made Verne rich. Jules Verne's books have been the subjects for many movies. 20, 000 Leagues under the Sea was a successful movie for Walt Disney. It was the first time that Disney movie had used real actors instead of cartoon drawings. Around the World in Eighty Days is another famous movie based on one of Verne's books. The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg. For him, the most important thing is to be always on time! （1）What does the phrase "the father of science fiction" mean? A. The father who has several children. B. The man who loves science and inventions. C. The writer whose father wrote science fiction. D. The man who first started writing science fiction successfully. （2）What encouraged Jules Verne to write more stories? A. The plays he wrote for the theater. B. The encouragement from his father. C. The success of Five Weeks in a Balloon. D. The scientific subjects in his stories. （3）Why were Jules Verne's books very popular in the 19th century? A. Because his books made him rich and famous. B. Because he wrote many plays for the theater at that time. C. Because his books were the subjects for many movies. D. Because many people were interested in science and inventions. （4）Which of the following has the main character called Phileas Fogg? A. Five Weeks in a Balloon. B. Around the World in Eighty Days. C. A Journey to the Center of the Earth. D. From the Earth to the Moon. （5）According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The space flight Verne described was different from others. B. The main characters in Verne's books are always on time. C. Jules Verne only wrote in the 19th century. D. Many of the predictions in Verne's stories came true.
新课标小学英语阅读100篇 65
新课标小学英语阅读100篇65 65 Hair and Beard头发和胡子 Lucy always wanted to become a teacher, 露西一直想成为一名教师, because she liked children. 因为她喜欢孩子。 When she was twenty-one years old,当她21岁时, she began teaching in a small school. 她开始在一个很小的学校教学。 She was a good teacher, 她是一个好老师, and she laughed a lot with the children in her class.她班上的孩子在一起时会经常笑。 They enjoyed her teaching.他们喜欢她的教学。 One day, one of the girls in her class asked her, 一天，班里的一个女孩问她, "Why does a man's hair become grey before his beard does?" “为什么一个人的头发会在胡子变成灰色之前变成灰色呢?” Mary laughed and answered. "玛丽笑着回答。“ I don't 'know, Helen. 我不知道,海伦。 " Then one of the boys said, "I know ! “之后一个男孩说,“我知道! Men's hair becomes grey first because男人的头发先变成灰色因为 it's sixteen years older than their beard. "他们比胡子大了16年。“
六年级人教版小学英语阅读理解试题(附答案)
一、英语阅读理解训练 1．阅读理解Fill in the blanks. 根据短文内容填空。 In the night, there was one little egg laying(平躺)on the leaf. On Sunday morning, there was a tiny(微小的)and very hungry caterpillar(毛毛虫). He started to look for some food. He ate one apple, but he was still hungry. He ate two pears, but he was still hungry. He ate three plums(梅子), but he was still hungry. He ate four strawberries, but he was still hungry. He ate five oranges, but he was still hungry. He ate a lot of things, then he became a big and fat caterpillar. He was full and felt sleepy(困乏的). Then he became a beautiful butterfly. At first, there was a little ________ laying on the leaf, then he became a ________ and very hungry caterpillar. Then he became a ________ and ________ caterpillar. At last, he became a ________butterfly. 【答案】 egg；tiny；big；fat；beautiful 【考点】阅读理解 【解析】【分析】文章大意：介绍蝴蝶的成长过程。 （1）句意：期初，有一只小蛋平躺在树叶上。句中缺少单词egg，蛋，故答案为egg。（2）句意：然后他变成一个微笑的饥饿的毛毛虫。句中缺少单词tiny，微小的，故答案为tiny。 （3）句意：然后他变成又大又胖的毛毛虫。句中缺少单词big，大的，fat，胖的，故答案为big，fat。 （4）句意：最后他变成一只美丽的蝴蝶。句中缺少单词beautiful，美丽的，故答案为beautiful。 【点评】此题目要求快速阅读文章，把握内容、了解大意，然后细致阅读，抓住主要内容和细节，标出关键词，完成题目。 2．阅读理解根据短文内容判断句子正误 Hello, I'm Tom. My family had a good time last weekend. Let me tell you. I went to the nature park to see animals. I took many pictures of them. The animals were so cute. My mother did housework and cooked dinner at home. My father read some newspapers in the evening. We ate dinner and watched TV together. That was fun. What about you? What did you do last weekend?（1）om went to see animals last weekend. （2）Tom likes animals. （3）Tom's mom went shopping. （4）Tom's dad read some magazines. （5）Tom's family had a good time last weekend. 【答案】（1）1 （2）1 （3）0 （4）0
译林牛津版小学六年级上册英语阅读理解含答案
译林牛津版小学六年级上册英语阅读理解含答案 一、阅读理解 1．阅读理解并选择正确的答案。 Long long ago, there was a bad king. All of his people hated him. One hot day, he was taking a walk along a river when he decided to have a swim in it. He was a good swimmer, but while he was in the river, he suddenly fell ill and was dying. At that time two farmers were working in the field nearby. They came over, jumped into the river, and he was saved. They didn't know who was until they pull him out of the water. The king was happy. He said to the two farmer, "Today you have saved my life. Ask for anything, and I'll give it to you. I'm the richest in the world." "Don't tell anybody that we have saved you," the two farmers said together. （1）All of people ____ the king. A. loved B. visited C. hated （2）One day, the king decided to ______. A. take a walk B. have a swim C. Walk by the river. （3）______ jumped into the river. A. The king B. Nobody C. Two farmers （4）The farmers were _____ to save the king. A. happy B. worried C. sad （5）The king was very _____. A. kind B. friendly C. bad 【答案】（1）C （2）B （3）C （4）C （5）C 【解析】【分析】文章大意：描述国王游泳被救的事情。 （1）根据All of his people hated him.可知所有人都憎恨他，故选C。 （2）根据he decided to have a swim in it.可知他决定去游泳。故选B。 （3）根据 They came over, jumped into the river, and he was saved. 可知这两个农民跳进了河里救了国王，故选C。 （4）根据"Don't tell anybody that we have saved you," the two farmers said together.可知这两个农民看到被救的人是国王不开心，故选C。 （5）根据 Long long ago, there was a bad king.可知那个国王很坏，故选C。 【点评】考查对篇章的把握和细节的辨别能力。答题时，紧扣文章中的关键词，做出正确选择。 2．阅读理解Fast food is any food that is quick，convenient and usually inexpensive ．Vending(出售)machines are probably the most common places to find fast food．It's so popular because for under$5.00 you can usually get a meal．Fast food is not
最新人教版英语阅读理解(人生百味)
最新人教版英语阅读理解（人生百味） 一、九年级中考英语阅读理解（人生百味）（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 “Please take my penny,” said Maggie to old Dan, the fisherman, who sat on a bench repairing his nets. Her brother Andrew drew her back, whispering, “Maggie, he is not a beggar （乞丐）!” But M aggie paid no attention. “Please take it,” she said again. Old Dan smiled, and took it. “Thank you, little miss,” he said, “It is kindly meant.” After that, Maggie went to the beach to gather shells. She never thought how fast the hours were passing until being tired. She sat down on a rock. Soon she was scared because the sea water was going up. She wanted to go home, but she found the places she had gone down easily very difficult to climb up. The stones were wet and smooth. What could poor Maggie do? She felt sad and cried. Luckily, Dan's large dog Rover jumped down from a rock! Rover raised his loud bark. The fisherman had taken his nets to the top of the cliffs （悬崖）, and was laying them out in the sun when he heard the loud barking of a dog. He felt sure that it was Rover, and Rover was in trouble, so he looked over. There he saw it all. “Bless her! It is the little one that was so kind-spoken to me this morning!” he cried, and he hurried to his sons' rooms. “Quick, boys, quick!” he said.“Get to the boat, and row fast to the sea. There is a poor child there just waiting to be helped.” The fishermen lost no time, and soon little Maggie and Rover were rowed safely to land! Old Dan was waiting there to lift her out to give her into her mother's arms. “It was the penny that did it, madam,” he said to Mrs. Weston later. “I saw Rover looking at her when she put the penny. And I am thinking he had been looking after her all the day.” Some years later, Rover came to Maggie's home with a little note, in which was written—“Will Maggie help Rover?—his master is dead.” （1）Who rowed Maggie to land safely? A. Rover. B. Old Dan. C. Old Dan's sons. D. Andrew. （2）What we can guess from the end of the story? A. Maggie refused to be Rover's new master. B. Rover felt sad about Mrs. Western's death. C. Rover lived with Old Dan until his master died. D. Maggie became Rover's master at once after she was saved. （3）What can we learn from the passage? A. One kind act brings another.
六年级人教版小学英语阅读理解专题练习(及答案)
一、英语阅读理解训练 1．阅读理解读短文，判断下列句子与短文内容是否一致 Chairman Mao was a very famous and important person in Chinese history. He gave Chinese people new life. We can live in China better and better. He was a kind man and he cared about every one of Chinese people and their lives. Chinese people were very poor and hungry in old China before 1949. Chairman Mao led Chinese people to found(建立) new China. Finally, all of the Chinese people work for a better life together. We love Chairman Mao. Chairman Mao is the father of new China. （1）Chairman Mao was a great man in Chinese history. （2）Chinese people were very poor in old China after1949. （3）Chairman Mao cared about every one of Chinese people. （4）Chairman Mao led Chinese people to found new China. （5）Chairman Mao is the father of new China. 【答案】（1）1 （2）0 （3）1 （4）1 （5）1 【考点】阅读理解 【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了中国历史上一位非常著名和重要的人物毛主席。（1）句意：毛主席是中国历史上的伟人。根据Chairman Mao was a very famous and important person in Chinese history. 可知毛主席是中国历史上的伟人，故答案为正确。（2）句意：1949年以后，中国人在旧中国很穷。根据Chinese people were very poor and hungry in old China before 1949. 可知1949年以前，中国人在旧中国非常贫穷和饥饿，故答案为错误。 （3）句意：毛主席关心每一个中国人。根据He was a kind man and he cared about every one of Chinese people and their lives. 可知毛主席关心每一个中国人，故答案为正确。 （4）句意：毛主席带领中国人民建立了新中国。根据 Chairman Mao led Chinese people to found new China. 可知毛主席带领中国人民建立了新中国，故答案为正确。 （5）句意：毛主席是新中国之父。根据 Chairman Mao is the father of new China. 可知毛主席是新中国之父，故答案为正确。 【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，判断句子正确或错误。 2．阅读理解阅读短文，判断句子正误。 Yesterday was 18h March. It was Sunday. My friend Han Mei was very busy. In the morning she got up early, and then helped her mother water the flowers and clean their rooms. After lunch she slept for an hour and then did her homework for two hours. She went out and played games
六年级人教版小学英语阅读理解试题(含答案)
一、英语阅读理解训练 1．阅读理解根据材料内容判断下列说法的正误 （2）Eric needs a partner to go hiking together. （3）Tom likes playing football. （4）There is a cook class on Saturdays at 9 am. （5）Cindy's phone number is 3523267. 【答案】（1）1 （2）1 （3）0 （4）1 （5）0 【考点】阅读理解 【解析】【分析】大意：布告牌，有关戴尔的足球俱乐部，埃里克去远足，汤姆唱歌俱乐部和辛迪烹饪课。 （1）句意：戴尔在足球俱乐部。根据Football Club，Dale@.可知戴尔在足球俱乐部。故答案为正确。 （2）句意：埃里克需要一个伙伴一起去远足。根据Shall we go hiking? I need a partner.Call Eric: 3522987.可知埃里克需要一个伙伴一起去远足。故答案为正确。 （3）句意：汤姆喜欢踢足球。根据Do you like singing? Join our singing club. Tom@ 可知汤姆喜欢唱歌。故答案为错误。 （4）句意：星期六上午9点有一节烹饪课。根据There is a cook class on Saturdays at 9 am. 可知星期六上午9点有一节烹饪课。故答案为正确。
（5）句意：辛迪的电话号码是3523267。根据Call Cindy: 2353267.可知辛迪的电话号码是2353267。故答案为错误。 【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译布告牌，然后根据布告牌内容，判断句子正确或错误。 2．阅读理解阅读短文，选择正确的答案。 Bruce Smith and his family's hobby is camping (野营). They often spend (度过) their Saturdays and Sundays like this. The children, Daniel and Lucy, like going fishing with their father. Sometimes they go swimming in the sea or go boating on the river. Mrs Smith likes drawing beautiful places. She often draws well with her brushes. Then Mr Smith buys a big car. It is like a house. It has beds for four people, a living room, a place for cooking and a bathroom. Mrs Smith and the children are very happy. （1）There are _____ people in Bruce Smith's family. A. three B. four C. five （2）The Smiths often go camping on _____. A. weekends B. Saturdays C. Sundays （3）Daniel and Lucy like _____. A. going fishing B. going swimming C. going boating （4）Mrs Smith is good at drawing _____. A. people B. places C. flowers （5）The Smiths buy a car. It is like a _____ car. It is like a _____. A. small, boat B. big, bed C. big, house 【答案】（1）B （2）A （3）A （4）B （5）C 【考点】阅读理解 【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了布鲁斯·史密斯和他的家人的爱好，以及周末的日常生活。 （1）根据短文可知布鲁斯·史密斯家有四口人。故答案为B. （2）根据Bruce Smith and his family's hobby is camping . They often spend their Saturdays and Sundays like this. 可知史密斯家人经常在周末去露营。故答案为A. （3）根据The children, Daniel and Lucy, like going fishing with their father. 可知丹尼尔和露西喜欢去钓鱼。故答案为A. （4）根据Mrs Smith likes drawing beautiful places. 可知史密斯太太喜欢画美丽的地方。故答案为B. （5）根据Mr Smith buys a big car. It is like a house. 可知史密斯先生买了一辆大汽车。就像一座房子。故答案为C.
六年级译林版小学英语阅读理解试题(附答案)
一、英语阅读理解训练 1．阅读理解读下两这封信，回答问题 Dear Mum, How are you? Every day I had fun with my cousins. On Monday we went to a restaurant. We ate good food. On Tuesday we went to a park. We sang and danced. On Wednesday we played ping-pong. On Thursday we climbed a mountain. We took many pictures. Tomorrow I'll be back home! Miss you and dad. Love. John （1）What did John do on Monday? （2）Where did John go on Tuesday? （3）What did John do on Tuesday? （4）Did John play badminton on Wednesday? （5）Did John climb a mountain on Thursday? 【答案】（1）He ate good food. （2）He went to a park. （3）He sang and danced. （4）No, he didn't. （5）Yes, he did. 【考点】阅读理解 【解析】【分析】这是写给父母，介绍自己一周生活情况的信。 （1）根据短文叙述 On Monday we went to a restaurant. We ate good food. （周一我们去了饭店。我们吃了美食。）可知周一吃美食。故答案为： He ate good food. （2）根据短文叙述 On Tuesday we went to a park. （周二我们去了公园。）可知是去了公园。故答案为： He went to a park. （3）根据短文叙述We sang and danced. （我们唱歌和跳舞。）可知是唱歌跳舞。故答案为： He sang and danced. （4）根据短文叙述 On Wednesday we played ping-pong. （在星期三我们打乒乓球。）可知不是打羽毛球，用否定回答。故答案为： No, he didn't. （5）根据短文叙述 On Thursday we climbed a mountain. （周四我们爬山了。）可知用肯定回答。故答案为： Yes, he did. 【点评】这是考查阅读理解的题目。首先仔细阅读短文，然后根据题目问题的相关叙述，来回答问题。
人教版八年级英语阅读理解训练
(A) In the world, soccer of football is the most popular sport. This is because many countries have wonderful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is held every four years. To remember 2002 FIFA World Cup, children from different countries and more than 60 children from Japanese schools came together and spent three weekends drawing a big picture called“Dream(梦幻) World Cups”in Japan. The children drew animals, flowers and people playing soccer under a bule bright sky. They wished each football team good luck by drawing the flags(旗帜)of all the countries that will take part in the World Cup in Japan and South Korea. The picture was put up in a park near a playground in Yokohama. Some football teams will have games there. Are you a football fan(迷)？The World Cup makeds more and more people interested in football. Teenagers(青少年)like playing and watching football. Many of them love some football stars so much that they get the pictures of their favourite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their love for the World Cup as children in Japan. 1.If a country wants to take part in the World Cup ,she must have______. A.Many football fans B.a very good team C.many football player D.a big playground 2.The next World Cup will be held in_______. A.2006 B.2007 C.2005 D.2004 3.From the passage ,in the picture children drew many things except_________. A. people playing football B. pictures of some football stars C. a sunny sky D. flowers 4.In“Dream World Cup”,the children drew the flags of some countries______. A. to show their love for their owe country B. to tell the people their stories C. to show their good wishes for the football teams D. to show their new ideas about football 5.Many teenagers owe the pictures of some football stars because______. A. they are interested in football B. they are football fans C. they think their favourite players are great D. all of A, B and C (B) In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artis. So he invented a very simple camera(照相机). He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photo. The next important date in the history of photography (摄影术) was in 1837. That yeat ,Daguere,another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room .He used a new kind of camera in a differentway. In his picture you couild see exerything very clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype. Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s way. Travellers brought back wondeful photos from all around the world. People took picture of famous buildings, cities and mountains. In 1840,