2018年高考英语全国II卷D篇阅读理解随文生词及翻译

2018年高考英语全国II卷D篇阅读理解随文生词及翻译

2018年全国II卷高考英语

D

We've all been there: in a lift电梯, in line排队at the bank or on an airplane飞机, surrounded周围by people who are, like us, deeply focused on聚焦于their smartphones手机or, worse, struggling挣扎with the uncomfortable不舒服的silence 沉默.

What's the problem? It's possible that we all have compromised妥协conversational谈话的intelligence智力（即口才）. It's more likely可能that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward尴尬and challenging有挑战的, or we think it's annoying惹人厌的and unnecessary不必要的. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk闲聊is worth the trouble麻烦；费力 . Experts 专家say it's an invaluable无价的；巨大价值的social practice社会实践that results in 导致；产生big benefits效益.

Dismissing解除；消除small talk as作为unimportant不重要的is easy, but we can't forget that deep relationships关系wouldn't even exist存在if it weren't for casual随意的conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂)for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director主任of the Shyness害羞Research Institute研究所at Indiana University Southeast东南 ."Almost every great love story and each big business deal成交begins with small talk, "he explains解释. "The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”

In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate协会professor of psychology心理学at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek寻找out an interaction(互动) with its waiter服务员, the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted聊天with their server服务员reported significantly明显higher positive feelings积极的情感and a better coffee shop experience体验. "it's not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband丈夫.”says Dunn ."But interactions互动with peripheral (边缘的)members of our social network社交网络matter for our well-being also.”

Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging归属感, a bond纽带with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. "Small talk is the basis基础of good manners礼仪, ”he says.

32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?

A. Addiction to增加smartphones

B. Inappropriate不合适的behaviors举止in public places

C. Absence缺乏of communication between strangers.

D. Impatience 不耐心with slow慢的service

33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?

A. Showing good manners.

B. Relating to other people.

C. Focusing on a topic.

D. Making business deals

34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?

A. It improves改善family relationships.

B. It raises提高people's confidence自信.

C. It matters事关紧要as much as a formal talk正式的聊天.

D. It makes people feel good.

35. What is the best title for the text?

A. Conversation Counts

B. Ways of Making Small Talk

C. Benefits of Small Talk

D. Uncomfortable Silence

译文1：

我们都经历过同样的事情：在电梯里、在银行排队或在飞机上时，周围围绕着像我们一样的人，他们沉浸在手机里，或者更为糟糕，在不舒服的沉默中挣扎。

问题是什么？可能是我们都向口才妥协。我们没有一个人展开对话很有可能是因为这很尴尬、很有挑战性，或者我们认为这很惹人厌，也没有必要。但下一次你发现自己身处于陌生人之中时，考虑一下，闲谈是值得费力的。专家说闲谈是一种能产生巨大效益的有价值的社会实践。

把闲谈说成是无关紧要的很容易，但是我们不能忘记，如果没有随意交谈，深厚的关系就不会存在。印第安纳大学东南分校害羞研究所主任Bernardo Carducci说，闲谈是社会交流的润滑剂。“几乎每一个伟大的爱情故事和每一笔大生意都是始于闲谈的。”他解释说。“成功闲谈的关键是学会如何与他人建立良好关系，而不是仅仅与他们交流。”

在2014年的一项研究中，英属哥伦比亚大学心理学副教授Elizabeth Dunn邀请人们走进一家咖啡店。一组人被要求寻找与服务员互动的机会；另一组人则被要求只在必要时说话。结