禁忌语与委婉语

Differences
谢谢观赏
Thank you
Function of Euphemism
Function of Euphemism
1.Avoidance of taboo (避讳功能）
ugly（NO）-------ordinary，plain（YES） cancer（NO）--------the big C，long illness（YES）
Taboo and Euphemism
—— 陈云云 白杨 徐悦 李萌 韩群
Defination of Taboo Sort of Taboo
Contents
Defination of Euphemism Function of Euphemism
Comparison between English and Chinese
similarities
Turning to the dissimilarities is more important when we discuss the taboos and euphemisms because they play a significant role in the cross-cultural communications.
Defination of Euphemism
源自文库
what is Euphemism?
Euphemism is a more proper and acceptable way to express our thoughts and notions relating to taboo. We create some kind of roundabout expressions to finish our communicative purposes
Sort of Taboo
Sort of Taboo
1.The appellation taboo(称谓禁忌） 2. The vocabulary taboo（词汇禁忌） It is a very important issue to know how to address each other correctly.In the most猥亵性词语 circurmstance,Mr/Mrs/Miss+the last name is 1) indecent 3. The taboo words subject( 禁忌话题） okay.But when you have knownAssociated others' social status,for example,you 2) violate words 亵渎性词语： with religious have to address the " YourMajesty',the and Princess words.Christian British and is king American not speak people to god or emphasize the Prince name of god.They "Your so gawd on,or to governor 、 judge 、professor. use Highness"and gosh independent 、golly and personality ， replace so it is "god" not proper and use to talk Gee、 about family income,personal property, Jeepers 、Chriminey to take the place of Jesus age ,marriage,politics, religion, private life with them. 3) Abusive words辱骂性词语 :Use certain animal names:bitch 、 swine、cow、pig
Defination of Taboo
What is Taboo?
Taboos are certain words or notions which should not be spoken or mentioned directly according to its social norms or religious reasons or something like that.
2.politeness function（礼貌功能）
1）On Low status of the profession waiter, waitress(服务员) is called dinning-room attendants(餐厅管理员) 2)On Poverty and unemployment NOt penniless（身无分文） BUT out of pocket （口袋空空） 3)On the Embarrasing I have to go to the toilet(NO) I have to answer nature’s call.(yes)
1.The first one is that the notions about the age, or more exactly the attitude towards the old age. In English, most people are afraid of old .That’s why in the United States, people would like to use euphemistic expression "senior citizen or advantaged man". But in Chinese, the case will be quite different one. Respecting the elders and loving the children are the Chinese’s traditional virtue. So “老” shows a kind of respectful feeling and emotion. We often hear the words 张老, 王老, 陈老, etc. 2.The symbolic meaning of animal. We have the phrases or idioms such as 真龙天子,望子成龙,etc. But in English dragon is always described as a crocodile-like monster which can bring evil luck or disaster to people. Dogs in English are people’s pets, friends and companions, so they say love me love my dog. Whereas in our Chinese culture, the implied meaning is usually pejorative, as in 狗仗人势, 狗头军师, etc.
Comparison between English and Chinese
In any language and culture, the function of the euphemism is the same. That is to express those ideas which people are not willing or embarrassing to mention in relatively vague, fuzzy and implicit ways. English and Chinese do have certain areas of agreement on taboos. 1.The first agreement is about death. In English: depart the world ,forever, pass away’, breathe one’s last, pay one’s debt to nature, etc. In Chinese: 逝世, 病故, 寿终, 作古, 谢世, 与世长辞, etc. 2.As for sexual intercours: In English, there are phrases such as to make love and to have sex with, and in Chinese 房事 is a common word.
3.As for the embarrasing: In English: go to the toilet; go to the men’s room/rest room/washroom; to answer/ assume the nature’s call/natural necessity, or more euphemistic ones number one and number two etc. In Chinese: 去厕所, 去卫生间, 去WC, etc
3.function of concealment (掩饰功能） Sometimes,the euphemism used by politician,dishonest trader is deceptive to cover the ugly social phenomenon such as scandal, war, economic situation, crime and so on.