陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和 感叹句讲解与练习

陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句讲解与练习

1、陈述句

陈述句就是叙述一件事情后者表达一种看法的句子。

陈述句的分类

陈述句可以分为肯定式和否定式两种。

1. 肯定式

第一种：主语+谓语+其他，如

Lucy likes playing sports.

I am singing.

My father went to Beijing last week.

She can ride the bike.

第二种：主语+系动词+表语，如：

This room is empty.

We are good friends .

2. 否定式

陈述句的否定式有以下三种：

第一种就是Be动词加，后面not 构成否定句。

如：lisa is not a student

There were not at school yesterday.

第二种就是实义动词，而且没有情态动词或助动时，要

用“do/dose/did +not 构成否定。

如：I don’t like music.

The farmer did not want to feed the rabbit.

第三种：谓语动词为“助动词、情态动词+实义动词”时，要用“助动词/情态动词+not” 构成否定。

如：I am not going to play computer games.

Harry must not go to school at night.

We can not go hiking with you this weekend.

2、疑问句分为四种：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反义

疑问句。

1. 一般疑问句通常以be ,have ,助动词或情态动词开头，回答时用

Yes, No, 朗读时要用升调。

2. 特殊疑问句是对句子某一部分的疑问句。

特殊疑问句的句式是：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。疑问词有who,

whom , whose , what, when, why , where ,how 等。如：who is our classmate? What does Kate do on Sundays?

Whose cat is it ? which bag will they buy? When did he go out ? Why

don’t we go together?

Where were you last night ? How are you today?

3. 选择疑问句的结构是提供两种或两种以上的情况，供对方进行

选择回答的句子。

选择疑问句的句式是：一般疑问句+or +可选择部分。如： are the apples red or green ?

选择疑问句的特殊疑问句式是：特殊疑问句+or+可选择部分。如：which girl is taller ,Sally or Jessica?

选择疑问句的回答和特殊疑问句一样，不能用yes 或no ，要根据实际情况回答。朗读时，选择疑问句在or 前面的部分要用升调，句末要读降调。

4. 反义疑问句的句式有两种，一种是：肯定句陈述句+否定结构的

反意疑问句是在陈述句的后面，对陈述句所说的实施或看法提

出疑问的句子。

附加疑问句。如： you know him ,don’t you ? 另一种是：否定陈述句+肯定结构的附加疑问句。如：Sandy can’t speaking English ,can he?

反义疑问句也要用yes 或No来回答。如果陈述句部分的内容是事实，就用yes 回答，后面相应的用肯定结构；如果陈述句部分的内容不是事实，就用no 来回答，后面跟否定结构。在翻译时要注意yes 和no的意思。

如：you know him ,don’t you? Yes ,I do . (是，我认识。) No， I don’t ( 不，我不认识)

Sandy can’t speak English ,can he ? Yes ,he can . (不，他会。) No， he can’t.(是的，他不会。)

在朗读时，陈述句部分用降调，附加疑问可以升也可以降。

三、祈使句

1.什么是祈使句

用来表示请示、命令、劝告、建议等的句子叫做祈使句。如：Sit down, please. Be careful!

2.祈使句的分类

根据用途和功能，祈使句可以分为以下几类

表请求。如： Close the window , please.

表命令。如 Stop talking!

表提醒或警告。如： Look out !The car is coming.

表邀请。如： Help yourself to some fish.

表示禁止。如：Don’t spit ! No parking!

四、感叹句的结构

小学阶段的感叹句主要有how 和what 引导两种。

1.How感叹句的结构：how +形容词/副词+主语+谓语，如：how nice

the boots are!

2.what 感叹句的结构：What +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓

语，如：what a pretty girl she is ! 但是如果是可数名词复数或不可数名词，就可以去掉句中的a/an.

如：What expensive pens these are ! What pleasant weather it is!

巩固练习

基础题

( )1. Where is the man?

A. Under the tree

B. At 10:00

C. Read a book

D. My mother

( )2. How do you go to school?

A. At 8:00

B. I

C. Today

D. By bike

( )3. What’ he?

A. Working

B. His father

C. At home

D. A teacher.

( )4. What time do you get up every day?

A. At home

B. He

C. Clean my bedroom

D. At 7:00

( )5. What _____ she do this morning?

A. is

B. does

C. do

D. did

( )6. How ______ you do?

A. are

B. is

C. do

D. did

( )7. Which is better, the red one _____ the blue one?

A. and

B. or

C. but

D. so

( )8. ________ are you?