特殊人群营养概要精品PPT课件
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1．能量 (energy costs of pregnancy) Reference Nutrient Intakes (RNI):mid- and late- gestation:
+0.83MJ(200kcal/d). 2．蛋白质(protein)
Reference Nutrient Intakes (RNI): early, mid- and lategestation:5g、15g、20g； 3．脂类 (lipids) 20%～30% of total energy Essential fatty acid is related to fetal or infant brain and retinal development.
70g/L
60g/L
40g/L
25g/L
Plasma protein
Plasma albumen
3．Renal system
100 80 60 40 20 0 10w
蛋白质代谢产物尿素（urea）、
尿酸(uric acid)、R肌en酸al(pclraesamtianfelo)、w 75% 肌酐(creatinine)肾等血排浆泄流增量多 ;
Nutrient requirements of pregnancy
4．矿物质(minerals) （1）钙(calcium)：
Adequate intake (AI) ： Early gestation: 800mg， Mid-gestation: 1000mg， Late-gestation: 1200mg。
lactation
一、pregnant woman
（一）妊娠期的生理特点（physiological changs in pregnancy）
1．内分泌 (endocrine) 2．血液(blood) 3．肾脏 (renal system) 4．消化 (gastrointestinal system) 5．体重 (body weight)
Prolonged transit time of food increase nutrient absorption, such as calcium、iron、folic acid、Vitamin B12
5．Body weight
The nutritional cost of pregnancy
第一节 孕妇和母乳的营养与膳食
Nutrient and dietary requirements of pregnant women and lactation mothers
Dietary energy requirements
Deficient energy needs pregnancy
low birth weight infants limits the success of breastfeeding
特殊人群的营养
Dietary requirements for specific populations
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
specific populations
Pregnant women and lactating mothers Infants、 children 、adolescence and older people Athletes specific environment of groups
pregnant woman
（一）physiological changs in pregnancy
1．内分泌 (endocrine)
（1）人绒毛膜促性腺激素 （human chorionic gonadotropin，HCG） （2）人绒毛膜生长素 （human chorionic somatomammotropin，HCS） （3）雌激素 (estrogen) （4）孕酮（progesterone）
12kg
胎儿(fetus)、 羊水(amniotic fluid) 和胎盘(placenta)
母体血液(mother blood) , 细胞外液(extracellular fluid) ， 子宫(uterus),乳腺(mammary glands)
5．Body weight
malnutrition normal
尿中葡萄糖、氨基酸、水溶性维生素排出量增
加，出源自文库糖尿。
Glomerular filtration rate50% 肾小球滤过率
Renal reabsorption
肾小管的重吸收
20w
30w
40w
4．Gastrointestinal system
Endocrine changes are probably responsible for the symptoms of nausea(恶心)、 vomiting(呕吐)、 water brash(反酸)、 dyspepsia(消化不良)、 constipation(便秘).
2． Blood
(1) Blood volume
Physiologic Anemia of Pregnancy
Blood volume 45%~50%
conception
Red cell volume 15%~20%
(2) Plasma protein
Relatively dilution of blood
overweight obesity
BMI <19.8 19.8～26.0 >26.0～29.0 >29.0
Recommended weight gain（kg）
12.5～18.0
11.5～16.0
7.0～11.5
6.0 ～6.8
（二）妊娠期的营养需要 (Nutrient requirements of pregnancy)
HC G 绒毛膜促性腺激素
progesterone
孕酮
Weeks of gestation
Weeks of gestation
TSH 促甲状腺激素
Estrogen(pg/ml) 雌激素
Weeks of gestation
Weeks of gestation
Regulation of hormone changes in pregnancy
+0.83MJ(200kcal/d). 2．蛋白质(protein)
Reference Nutrient Intakes (RNI): early, mid- and lategestation:5g、15g、20g； 3．脂类 (lipids) 20%～30% of total energy Essential fatty acid is related to fetal or infant brain and retinal development.
70g/L
60g/L
40g/L
25g/L
Plasma protein
Plasma albumen
3．Renal system
100 80 60 40 20 0 10w
蛋白质代谢产物尿素（urea）、
尿酸(uric acid)、R肌en酸al(pclraesamtianfelo)、w 75% 肌酐(creatinine)肾等血排浆泄流增量多 ;
Nutrient requirements of pregnancy
4．矿物质(minerals) （1）钙(calcium)：
Adequate intake (AI) ： Early gestation: 800mg， Mid-gestation: 1000mg， Late-gestation: 1200mg。
lactation
一、pregnant woman
（一）妊娠期的生理特点（physiological changs in pregnancy）
1．内分泌 (endocrine) 2．血液(blood) 3．肾脏 (renal system) 4．消化 (gastrointestinal system) 5．体重 (body weight)
Prolonged transit time of food increase nutrient absorption, such as calcium、iron、folic acid、Vitamin B12
5．Body weight
The nutritional cost of pregnancy
第一节 孕妇和母乳的营养与膳食
Nutrient and dietary requirements of pregnant women and lactation mothers
Dietary energy requirements
Deficient energy needs pregnancy
low birth weight infants limits the success of breastfeeding
特殊人群的营养
Dietary requirements for specific populations
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
specific populations
Pregnant women and lactating mothers Infants、 children 、adolescence and older people Athletes specific environment of groups
pregnant woman
（一）physiological changs in pregnancy
1．内分泌 (endocrine)
（1）人绒毛膜促性腺激素 （human chorionic gonadotropin，HCG） （2）人绒毛膜生长素 （human chorionic somatomammotropin，HCS） （3）雌激素 (estrogen) （4）孕酮（progesterone）
12kg
胎儿(fetus)、 羊水(amniotic fluid) 和胎盘(placenta)
母体血液(mother blood) , 细胞外液(extracellular fluid) ， 子宫(uterus),乳腺(mammary glands)
5．Body weight
malnutrition normal
尿中葡萄糖、氨基酸、水溶性维生素排出量增
加，出源自文库糖尿。
Glomerular filtration rate50% 肾小球滤过率
Renal reabsorption
肾小管的重吸收
20w
30w
40w
4．Gastrointestinal system
Endocrine changes are probably responsible for the symptoms of nausea(恶心)、 vomiting(呕吐)、 water brash(反酸)、 dyspepsia(消化不良)、 constipation(便秘).
2． Blood
(1) Blood volume
Physiologic Anemia of Pregnancy
Blood volume 45%~50%
conception
Red cell volume 15%~20%
(2) Plasma protein
Relatively dilution of blood
overweight obesity
BMI <19.8 19.8～26.0 >26.0～29.0 >29.0
Recommended weight gain（kg）
12.5～18.0
11.5～16.0
7.0～11.5
6.0 ～6.8
（二）妊娠期的营养需要 (Nutrient requirements of pregnancy)
HC G 绒毛膜促性腺激素
progesterone
孕酮
Weeks of gestation
Weeks of gestation
TSH 促甲状腺激素
Estrogen(pg/ml) 雌激素
Weeks of gestation
Weeks of gestation
Regulation of hormone changes in pregnancy