高中定语从句汇总讲解学案

高中定语从句汇总讲解学案

◆英语谚语欣赏

1. He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for –nothing.不懂装懂，一事无成.

2. It’s the first step that costs.千里之行，始于足下

3. He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf. 甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.

定语从句相关考点

1、关系代词和关系副词的选取；

2、定语从句与主谓一致；

3、关系代词的省略问题；

4、介词+which/whom…中介词的正确选用；

5、that 与which; who 与whom; who

与that；as与which之间的选取；

6、定语从句与强调句型；

7、双重定语从句；

8、way 后面的定语从句

9、… the same(…)that/as…such(….)as……so…as…

(…such(…)that…结果状语从句…so…that…)

Step 1 Leading-in （导入）用下划线标出下文中定语或定语从句。

He is a clever student. He is a student who is good at English. He lives in a small village. His grandfather lived there before. I know a girl who lives in the village too. Her name is Wang Fang. Wang Fang’s father is a farmer. He is a hard-working farmer.

Step 2 语法讲解

一、定语从句的定义及相关术语

1．定语从句又称_________性从句，用来修饰某一____词或___词，一般紧跟在被修饰词的后面。

2.定语从句的要素：_____ 和________；被定语从句修饰的词为先行词，先行词常为_____或________;

3.关系词及其功能：引导定语从句的词为关系词，分为______和_________;

关系词通常有三个功能：①引导句子；②代替先行词；③在定语从句中担当一个成分。

关系代词有：_________________________________；在句中充当____、______、______。

关系副词有：__________________________；在句中充当_______。

4.分类：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句

二、定语从句解题三步法：

第一：找出先行词；

第二：看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、定语或状语）；

第三：选择合适的关系词。

三、怎样运用关系代词和关系副词

I、如果先行词是表示人的词，作主语时多用who，作宾语时多用whom或that（此时可以省略）；如果先行词是表示物的词，无论作主语、宾语都可用which或that，作宾语时可以省略。但在非限制性定语从句或介词之后，不能用that，只能用which.

例如：

1）. Yesterday I met Mr Li______________ told me the whole matter.

2）. I can’t find the book _______________is borrowed from the library.

3）. Players _________ keep warm exercises before the match play much better than those ____ don't.

4）. This is the classroom in ___________we study.

5）. Do you know the man ________ is selling fruits near our school?

6）. I want to chat with the girl ________you were speaking to just now.

7）. A letter ___________ is written in pencil is difficult to read.

8）. Do you know the gentleman __________________ spoke just now?

9）. The book ________________ I bought yesterday is very interesting.

10）. The factory in __________his father works is far from here.

II.关系代词whose作既指人又指物，在从句中作定语，译成“人的……,物的……”.

注意：whose=先行词的所有格

whose + N.= the +N. + of which / whom= of which / whom + the +N.

例如：

①The girl, ___________father is a lawyer, is good at spoken English.

②The girl, _____father of _____ is a lawyer, is good at spoken English.

③The girl, of whom ____ ____ is a lawyer, is good at spoken English.

a. We lived in the hotel room, ______door faced south.

b. We lived in the hotel room, ____ ___________________ faced south.

c. We lived in the hotel room, ________________________faced south.

1). This is the desk ____________are broken.

A. legs of which

B. whose legs

C. that

D. which

2). He lives in the room, the windows ________faces to the south.

A. of whose

B. of that

C. of which

D. whose

III. 如果表示先行词的一部分如何时，指物就用of which，指人就用of whom，即some，any, several, each, two(数词),all, both等加of which或of whom.

例如：

①The committee consists of 20 members, 5 ___________ are women.

②The book contains 50 poems, most___________ were written in 1930’s.

③They had a sentence; the meaning __________ was completely beyond them.

④He has three sons, all ___________died in the war.

A. of them

B. of which

C. of whom

D. which

注意：定语从句与并列句的区别

定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。

①Mr. Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an engineer．

②Mr. Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a dancer．

IV.如果先行词是such, so, the same或被such, so, the same所修饰时，关系词用as.

例如：

1).We will only discuss such problems __________ have something to do with our own interests.

2).Don't do such things _________ you are not sure about.

3).This is the same village _________you visited when you were very young.

注意：as在从句中作宾语时不可省略。如例3）。