行政法中的公共利益界定问题研究

摘要

“公共利益”，一个在行政法中使用极为频繁的词语。公共利益作为公共权力行使的道德基础和伦理基础，却由于其主体的不确定性和内容的极端广泛性，使其在法律规定中成为一个抽象的概念。法律和制度规定的模糊，加上行政权力自身具有的强大扩张性，致使公共利益经常成为行政机关滥用权力损害私人利益的一个借口，对私人权利造成极大伤害。因此，对公共利益从法律上作出相对明确的界定就显得尤为必要。

本文以重庆拆迁“钉子户”事件为切入点，通过研究现行法律的有关规定，分析国内外学者的研究，总结其他国家实践的经验，希望能找到一个比较合理、可操作的标准解决现实生活存在的弊端。本人认为，任何一个法律问题都是现实问题的要求。对公共利益的法律界定过程实际上是在维护社会共同基本目标下，法律对现实社会中的各种冲突利益进行协调和平衡的过程。公共利益的法律界定既不是一个简单的概念辨析，也不是单纯的利益归属判断，而是一个需要多层次、多角度进行界定的系统工程。只有坚持实体和程序的并重，坚持以尊重和保护私权为前提，以公众参与、民主协商的途径健全公共利益的表达形成机制，在程序安排上要以程序正义的实现为理念贯穿在整个制度之中，只有建立公正完善的界定程序、贯彻民主文明的法治精神，才能从根本上解决公共利益界定的问题。

【关键词】：公共利益公共利益界定公共利益实现1

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Abstract

" Public interest", a very frequently used in administrative law terms. The exercise of public power, public interests as the moral basis and moral foundation, but because of its subject and content of the uncertainty of the extreme breadth, its provisions in the law as an abstract concept. Ambiguous provisions of laws and institutions, coupled with a strong executive power with the expansion of its own, resulting in the public interest as the executive abuse of power often damage the private interests of an excuse to cause great harm to private rights. Therefore, the public interest to make a relatively clear legal definition is particularly necessary. In this paper, the demolition of Chongqing "nail house" incident as the starting point, by the relevant provisions of existing law, the research of foreign scholars to sum up the experience of practice in other countries, hoping to find a more reasonable and practical standards exist to solve real life disadvantages. I think that any of the legal issues are the requirements of practical problems. Legal definition of public interest process is in fact a common fundamental goal of maintaining social and legal reality of the various conflicting interests of social coordination and balance process. Legal definition of public interest is neither a simple concept analysis ，nor simply the interests of the derivation, but a need for multi-level systems engineering to define the angle. Only by adhering to both entities and procedures, adhere to the premise of respect and protection of private rights to public participation and democratic consultation of the way the expression of a sound mechanism of public interest, should take procedures to achieve justice for the idea runs through the entire system, only well-defined procedures for establishing a just, democratic and civilized implement the rule of law in order to fundamentally solve the problem defined in the public interest. 【Key words】Public interest ;Define the public interest ;the public interest to achieve