固有免疫细胞和功能(英文)
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Large, pleomorphism and rich in lysosomes in the cytoplasm.
MHC-I/II and many adhension molecules
Many receptors
Neutrophil
Short-lived
Small and round
Large quantities, replaced rapidly
（二） Blood-brain barrier （三） blood –fetus barrier
二. Cells involved in innate immunity and their functions
➢ Phagocute ➢ Natural killer cells ➢ T cells ➢ NKT cells ➢ B1 cells
Phagocytes
Biological functions
Anti-infection Anti-tumor: directly contact and fuse with the tumour cell membrane ; cytotoxic substance, proteinase, cytolysin, TNF-α,ADCC mediated by tumor specific antibody Antigen processing and presentation Immunoregulation
Acquired Immunity Adaptive Immunity Specific Immunity
Species development, formed evolutionally Possess from the time of birth，react rapidly
Non-specific anti-infection immunity, also involved in specific immunity
（一）complement system
wk.baidu.com
（二）Cytokines
1. Cytokines to induce anti-viral ability
2. Cytokines to induce and promote Inflammatory reactions
3. Cytokines to induce and enhance anti-tumor abilities
2. NK Cells
PBMC, Spleen
Large amount of azurophil granule in the cytoplasma
Kill the target cells directly with no needs of preactivation surface markers:CD3-, CD56＋, CD16＋
Mannitol, fucose, phosphatide receptor CR3, CR4 , CD14 C3bR FcγR Toll-like receptor scavenger
Recognized molecules
Corresponding carbohydrate and phosphatide LPS Antigens entrapped by C3b Antigens specially bound by IgG PAMP
Oxygen-dependent killing mechanisms
acid pH, lysozyme , lactoferrin, cationic protein, elastase
Secretion of factors
Released in appropriate or large quantities Cytokines：TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, MCP-1 Inflammation mediators：prostaglandin E, LTB4, PAF, phosphatidase, peroxidate Local inflammatory reaction（TNF-、IL-1、 LTB4） Fever and acute phase reaction（CRP、MBL） Immunoregulation（IL-1、IL-6、IL-12）
anti-infection, anti-tumor, involved in immunoregulation by secreting cytokines
5. B1 cell
Distribution: abdomen, thoracic cavity，lamina propria of bowels’ walls
Antigen presentation
Intrinsic, Extrinsic
Anti-tumour
Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity
Oxygen-dependent killing mechanisms
Reactive oxygen intermediates(ROIs) Neutrophil myeloperoxidase(MPO) Reactive nitrogen intermediates(RNIs)
1. phagocytes
Mononuclear phagocyte system
neutrophils
monocyte
macrophage microglial cells, Kupffer,Osteoclast
Macrophage
Long-lived( up to several months)
Phagocytes Biological functions
Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity
Oxygen-dependent, Oxygen-independent
Secretion of factors
Cytokines, Inflammantory mediators
（三） Defensin （四） Lysozyme （五） β-Lysin
Section 2 Phases of innate immune response
Transient phase of innate immune response Early phase of innate immune response Induction Phase of adaptive immune response
Features of response
Other types of cells involved in the innate immunity:
Dendritic cell Eosinophil granulocyte Basophilic granulocyte Mast cell
三. Innate effector molecules and their main function
NK cells
Biological Functions Anti-infection：lysis, IFN- and TNF- Anti-tumor： directly contact and fuse with tumour cells membrane
ADCC mediated by tumor specific antibodies Immunoregulation
Cells in innate immunity and their functions
一. Tissue,cells and molecules of the innate immune system
二.Phases of innate immune responses 三.Characteristics of innate immune response
4. NKT cells
Distribution:liver, bone marrow, thymus surface marker: NK1.1, TCR-CD3 complex molecular recognition Narrow spectrum of antigen recognition ：CD1 complex， without MHC restriction Biological function:
3. T cell
Distributions: epithelia, mucosa surface markers: γδTCR, CD2/3/16/25/45, LFA-1，DN
Molecular recognition: Narrow spectrum of antigen recognition：HSP, CD1 complex, viral proteins (VP)
and its relationship with adaptive immune response
Section I Tissue,cells and molecules of the innate immune system
Innate Immunity Native Immunity Nonspecific Immunity
一. Tissue barriers and their effection
（一）The skin and mucosal surfaces provide protective barriers against infection
Physical barriers: epithelial, cilia, mucus Chemical barriers: lactic acid, unsaturated fatty acid, gastric acid Biological barriers: microorganisms
Large amount of azurophil granule and neutrophil granule in the cytoplasm
MHC-I and receptor of adhension molecules
Phagocytes
Biological functions
surface receptors of phagocytes
The same group of cells express only one kind of γδTCR : same specificity of antigen recognition—response to common antigen
Biological Function:
anti-infection in skin and mucosa, anti-tumor, immunoregulation
NK cells
Molecular recognition: killer activatory receptor(KAR) killer inhibitory receptor(KIR)
KAR KAR recognize cell carbohydrate ligands →ITAM→transduce activation signals KIR The extracellular region of KIR recognize MHC-I of self cells →ITIM→ transduce inhibitory signals Regulation of NK cell killing effect by two receptors
Features: appear early in the ontogenesis，self-renewal
Surface markers: CD5＋、CD11＋、mIgM＋，CD23－ Molecular recognition Narrow spectrum of antigen recognition ： TI-2 polysaccharide antigen, TI-1 polysaccharide antigen（LPS）, self -antigen
MHC-I/II and many adhension molecules
Many receptors
Neutrophil
Short-lived
Small and round
Large quantities, replaced rapidly
（二） Blood-brain barrier （三） blood –fetus barrier
二. Cells involved in innate immunity and their functions
➢ Phagocute ➢ Natural killer cells ➢ T cells ➢ NKT cells ➢ B1 cells
Phagocytes
Biological functions
Anti-infection Anti-tumor: directly contact and fuse with the tumour cell membrane ; cytotoxic substance, proteinase, cytolysin, TNF-α,ADCC mediated by tumor specific antibody Antigen processing and presentation Immunoregulation
Acquired Immunity Adaptive Immunity Specific Immunity
Species development, formed evolutionally Possess from the time of birth，react rapidly
Non-specific anti-infection immunity, also involved in specific immunity
（一）complement system
wk.baidu.com
（二）Cytokines
1. Cytokines to induce anti-viral ability
2. Cytokines to induce and promote Inflammatory reactions
3. Cytokines to induce and enhance anti-tumor abilities
2. NK Cells
PBMC, Spleen
Large amount of azurophil granule in the cytoplasma
Kill the target cells directly with no needs of preactivation surface markers:CD3-, CD56＋, CD16＋
Mannitol, fucose, phosphatide receptor CR3, CR4 , CD14 C3bR FcγR Toll-like receptor scavenger
Recognized molecules
Corresponding carbohydrate and phosphatide LPS Antigens entrapped by C3b Antigens specially bound by IgG PAMP
Oxygen-dependent killing mechanisms
acid pH, lysozyme , lactoferrin, cationic protein, elastase
Secretion of factors
Released in appropriate or large quantities Cytokines：TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, MCP-1 Inflammation mediators：prostaglandin E, LTB4, PAF, phosphatidase, peroxidate Local inflammatory reaction（TNF-、IL-1、 LTB4） Fever and acute phase reaction（CRP、MBL） Immunoregulation（IL-1、IL-6、IL-12）
anti-infection, anti-tumor, involved in immunoregulation by secreting cytokines
5. B1 cell
Distribution: abdomen, thoracic cavity，lamina propria of bowels’ walls
Antigen presentation
Intrinsic, Extrinsic
Anti-tumour
Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity
Oxygen-dependent killing mechanisms
Reactive oxygen intermediates(ROIs) Neutrophil myeloperoxidase(MPO) Reactive nitrogen intermediates(RNIs)
1. phagocytes
Mononuclear phagocyte system
neutrophils
monocyte
macrophage microglial cells, Kupffer,Osteoclast
Macrophage
Long-lived( up to several months)
Phagocytes Biological functions
Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity
Oxygen-dependent, Oxygen-independent
Secretion of factors
Cytokines, Inflammantory mediators
（三） Defensin （四） Lysozyme （五） β-Lysin
Section 2 Phases of innate immune response
Transient phase of innate immune response Early phase of innate immune response Induction Phase of adaptive immune response
Features of response
Other types of cells involved in the innate immunity:
Dendritic cell Eosinophil granulocyte Basophilic granulocyte Mast cell
三. Innate effector molecules and their main function
NK cells
Biological Functions Anti-infection：lysis, IFN- and TNF- Anti-tumor： directly contact and fuse with tumour cells membrane
ADCC mediated by tumor specific antibodies Immunoregulation
Cells in innate immunity and their functions
一. Tissue,cells and molecules of the innate immune system
二.Phases of innate immune responses 三.Characteristics of innate immune response
4. NKT cells
Distribution:liver, bone marrow, thymus surface marker: NK1.1, TCR-CD3 complex molecular recognition Narrow spectrum of antigen recognition ：CD1 complex， without MHC restriction Biological function:
3. T cell
Distributions: epithelia, mucosa surface markers: γδTCR, CD2/3/16/25/45, LFA-1，DN
Molecular recognition: Narrow spectrum of antigen recognition：HSP, CD1 complex, viral proteins (VP)
and its relationship with adaptive immune response
Section I Tissue,cells and molecules of the innate immune system
Innate Immunity Native Immunity Nonspecific Immunity
一. Tissue barriers and their effection
（一）The skin and mucosal surfaces provide protective barriers against infection
Physical barriers: epithelial, cilia, mucus Chemical barriers: lactic acid, unsaturated fatty acid, gastric acid Biological barriers: microorganisms
Large amount of azurophil granule and neutrophil granule in the cytoplasm
MHC-I and receptor of adhension molecules
Phagocytes
Biological functions
surface receptors of phagocytes
The same group of cells express only one kind of γδTCR : same specificity of antigen recognition—response to common antigen
Biological Function:
anti-infection in skin and mucosa, anti-tumor, immunoregulation
NK cells
Molecular recognition: killer activatory receptor(KAR) killer inhibitory receptor(KIR)
KAR KAR recognize cell carbohydrate ligands →ITAM→transduce activation signals KIR The extracellular region of KIR recognize MHC-I of self cells →ITIM→ transduce inhibitory signals Regulation of NK cell killing effect by two receptors
Features: appear early in the ontogenesis，self-renewal
Surface markers: CD5＋、CD11＋、mIgM＋，CD23－ Molecular recognition Narrow spectrum of antigen recognition ： TI-2 polysaccharide antigen, TI-1 polysaccharide antigen（LPS）, self -antigen