Appraisal Theory 功能语言学评价理论

评价理论是对人际功能所进行的横向和纵向的延伸, 它主要研究个人如何运用语言去对事物做出评价,采取 立场,从而调节主体间立场乃至意识形态立场。Martin 指出,通过告诉听话人或读者对某些人和事物的感受,便 可以利用评价资源去协商和调节社会关系。这就是说, 评价理论所关心的是说话人利用其话语介入到语篇之 中从而使语义随说话人的立场而变化。运用评价理论 可以分析作者和说话者的态度和立场。
Recent publications
Working with Discourse: meaning beyond the clause (J R Martin & David Rose)
The Language of Evaluation: appraisal in English. (J R Martin & P R R White)
2.Definitions and basic structure
Negotiation attitude:
Appraisals are interpersonal kinds of meanings, which realize variation in the tenor of social interactions enacted in a text.
Prof. J. R. Martin
Life: J. R. Martin is Professor of Linguistics at the University of Sydney. His research interests include systemic theory, functional grammar, discourse semantics, register, genre, multimodality and critical discourse analysis, focusing on English and Tagalog - with special reference to the transdisciplinary fields of educational linguistics and social semiotics. Professor Martin was elected a fellow the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 1998, and awarded a Centenary Medal for his services to Linguistics and Philology in 2003.
Appraisal consists of three aspects: attitude, amplification, and source.
Fra Baidu bibliotek
2.Definitions and basic structure
three aspects of appraisal.
Attitudes :indicates what people appraise ,including evaluating things, people’s character and their feelings. In other words, there are three types of attitudes: expressing emotion, judging character and valuing the worth of things.
Appraisal: negotiating attitudes
The language of emotion, ethics and aesthetics
1.J.R.Matin 2.Definitions and basic structure 3.Details a. Attitude b. Amplification c. Source Application to analysis of a poem .Comment
1.Definitions and basic structure
Appraisal :is concerned with evaluation: the kinds of attitudes that are negotiated in a test, the strength of the feelings involved and the ways in which values are sourced and readers aligned .
Shidonii Gakuha no SFL: Haridei Gengo Riron no Tenkai.
Genre relations: mapping culture. (J R Martin & David Rose).
Learning to write/reading to learn: scaffolding democracy in literacy classrooms. (David Rose & J R Martin).
People use the resources of appraisal for negotiating social relationships, by telling our listeners or readers how we feel about things and people (in a word ,what our attitudes are. ).
韩礼德和哈桑致力于从社会学的角度研究语言的三大元 功能:概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能。然而他们却 忽略了对谈话人的赋值语义(semantics of evaluation) 的研究(王振华,2001)。澳大利亚语言学家马丁 (J.R.Martin)进一步发展了系统功能语法,在原有的基 础上创造性地提出了评价系统。此系统是一个人际意 义系统,人们可利用它来领会各种社会关系。它涉及 文本所揭示出来的各种态度,各种情感的强度以及确 定各种价值来源的手段(Martin 2001:19)。