定语从句的基本用法

例句1： The man who/that was here yesterday is a middle school teacher. 1. 先行词 — man（即从句修 饰的名词或代词）; 2. 关系代词 — who /that （修饰人）。 例句2： This is the town where I was born. 1. 先行词 — town （即从句 修饰的名词）； 2. 关系副词 — where （修饰 地点，从句中状语）。
Practice(练习)
1. The beautiful card is from my friend _____ lives in Australia.
这张漂亮的明信片是澳大利 亚的朋友寄给我的。
2. I borrowed the bike from Tom ____ father is a teacher.
“that”不能用于非限定性定语从句 在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指物时只能用 “which”，不能用“that”，而且“which”不能省略。 This is John’s book, which is very interesting. (这是约翰的书，这本书很有趣。) I like to talk with Tom, who is my old friend. ( 我喜欢同汤姆交谈，他是我的老朋友。)
（一）定语从句的基本用法
在复合句中，修饰名词或
代词的从句叫做定语从句 被修饰的词叫先行词； 定语从句由关系代词或关 系副词引导。

关系代词： 1.先行词是人 — who, whom, whose, that. 2.先行词是物 — which, whose, that. 关系副词（从句中做状语）： 1.先行词是时间 — when. 2.先行词是地点 — where. 3.先行词是原因 — why.
2. This is the place _____ we worked last year. 先行词 “the place”在从句中做状语，表示地点： We worked in the place last year. ( 所以用关系 副词where。) 比较：This is the place (_________) we visited last year. 先行词 “the place”在从句中做visited的宾语： We visited the place last year.( 所以用关系代词 which/that,并且可省略。)
关系代词：
1.先行词是人 —— 2.先行词是物 ——
关系副词：
1.先行词是时间 —— 2.先行词是地点 ———— 3.先行词是原因 ————————
（四）限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定 语从句；非限定性定语从句常用逗号与主句隔 开；关系词的用法基本相同。 限定性定语从句与先行词关系密切，对它有限 制作用，如果去掉，句意表达不清； 非限定性定语从句只对主句起补充或说明的作 用；从句部分去掉后，句意完整，表达清楚。 1. He is my brother, who is a doctor. 我有一个兄弟，他是医生。（只有一个兄弟） 2. He is my brother who is a doctor. 我有一个当医生的兄弟。（至少有两个以上）
3. The letter is from my family. I received the letter yesterday. The letter (which/that）I received yesterday is from my family. 4.This is Tom. Tom’s mother is our English teacher. This is Tom whose mother is our English teacher.
4. 先行词由序数词或最高级修饰。 This is the best film (that) I’ve ever seen. (这是我看过的最好的电影。) 5. “time”做先行词表示“……次”。 This is the first time that I have been to Beijing. (这是我第一次去北京。)

（五）使用关系词应注意的问题
下列情况必须用“that” ,不能用“which”:
1. 先行词是all, little, few。 Is this all that is left? (就剩下这一个了吗？) 2. 先行词anything, everything, nothing 。 Have you got anything that belongs to me? (你那有我什么东西吗？) 3. 先行词由none, much, only 修饰。 The only thing that is important is to find our way home. (唯一重要的事是要找到回家的路。)
我从爸爸是教师的汤姆那 借的自行车。
3.This is the earth _____ we live. 这就是我们居住的地球。( “the earth”在从句中做状语)
4. We live on the earth, ____ is much bigger than the moon. (非限定性定语从句) 我们住在地球上,地球比月亮大多了。 (“the earth”在从句中做主语) 5.I still remember the day ____ Mary made a chocolate cake . 我一直记得玛丽做巧克力蛋糕的那 一天。(“the day”在从句中做状语)
（三）由关系副词引导的定语从句 引导词 : when where why
1. I still remember the day ____ I first
came to Beijing. 先行词 “the day” 在从句中做状语, 表示时间: I first came to Beijing on the day. (所以用关 系副词when。) 比较：I still remember the day ( _________ ) we spend together. 先行词 “ the day” 在从句中做spend宾语： We spend the day together. （所以在该句中 用关系代词which/that，并且可省略。）

先行词在从句中做状语，用关系副词； 先行词在从句中做宾语或主语，用关系代词。
3. That is the reason (____) he dislikes me. That is (the reason) why he dislikes me.
先行词 “the reason” 表示原因，用关系副词why. 该句中可省略先行词，或省略关系副词。
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（二）由关系代词引导的定语从句
引导词：who whom whose that which 1.The boy who /that is standing over there is my brother. The boy is my brother. The boy is standing over there. 2. The woman (whom/that) you saw in my room is my mother. The woman is my mother. You saw the woman in my room.