汉英翻译---主语的处理ppt课件

3. 汉语无主句译为英语主谓结构
• 利用煤和石油可以制成各种各样有用的东 西。 • All sorts of useful things can be produced from coal and oil.
• 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。 • It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar.
2. 改变原句主语
• 昨天他们表演得很成功。 • They performed very successfully yesterday. • Their performance yesterday was very successful.
• 她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。 She has never thought that he is a dishonest man. It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man.
主语的确定应遵循的原则：
• • • • • 1. 必须添加必要的主语 2. 必须符合句中应突出的信息 3. 必须符合英美人的思维方式 4. 必须符合句中的逻辑关系 5. 必须符合行文连贯的需要
电影台词：《武状元苏乞儿》King of Beggars • 1. I know that one ,too. • 2. Listen, kid. I’ll teach you some manners. • 3.So you’ve broken the law, you should be arrested. • 4.It’s my duty to arrest anyone who breaks the law. • 5. According to Qing law, we must all wear a plait or face death.
4. 主语译为从句、动名词或不定式结构
• 吃得太多，并不会使人更健康；相反，吃 得太多，尤其是吃含脂肪多的食物，会对 人体的健康有害。因此，节食是可取的。 (preferable) • Eating too much will not make people healthier; on the contrary, too much food, especially fatty food, will do harm to people’s health. Therefore, to be on a diet is preferable.
主语的处理
1. 汉语“topic+comment”结构译为英语主谓结 构 2. 改变原句主语 3. 汉语无主句译为英语主谓结构 4. 主语译为从句、分词或不定式结构
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5.人称主语有时可译为非人称主语
1. 汉语“topic+comment”结构 译为英语主谓结构
• 1.这个问题我们以后再说。 • A. This problem, we’ll talk about later. • B. We’ll talk about this problem later. • 2.将来的生活我们无法预料。 • A. As for the future life, we can not foresee. • B. We can not foresee our future life.
汉英翻译---主 语的处理
分析下列句子的主谓结构，再将其译为英语。 • 1. 这件事你不用操心。 • 2. 全市都在兴建新的住宅。 • 3. 发明计算机是人类历史上的一大奇迹。
• 4. 应当强调指出(emphasize), 激光并不是一种能源。
• 5. 一见到他我就恶心。
• 6. 人生也许就是不断地放下，然而令人痛心的是，我都没 能好好地与他们道别。 • (《少年派的奇幻漂流》） • All of life is an act of letting go, but ________________________________________.
5.人称主语有时可译为非人称主语
英语比较注重客体思维，常用非人称的物 体或是抽象概念充当句子的主语。汉语则比较 注重主体思维，常用人称作主语。基于这一差 异，翻译时可做相应转换。 计算机产业在过去十年里取得了巨大的进展。 The last decade has seen the great advance in computer industry.
• 6. 人生也许就是不断地放下，然而令人痛 心的是，我都没能好好地与他们道别。 (《少年派的奇幻漂流》） All of life is an act of letting go, but __________________________________ ______. All of life is an act of letting go, but what hurts the most is not taking a moment to say goodbye.
• 1. 这件事你不用操心。 You don't have to worry about this.
• 2. 全市都在兴建新的住宅。 New houses are being built all over the city.
• 3. 发明计算机是人类历史上的一大奇迹。 The invention of the computer is a marvel in human history.
选择不同主语翻译下面的句子
• 只有在显微镜下才能看见红血球。 (microscope , red cells) • a) Only under the microscope can we see red cells. • b) Red cells can be seen only under the microscope. • c) A microscope is needed (for us) to see red cells.
• 4. 应当强调指出(emphasize), 激光并不是 一种能源。 It should be emphasized that the laser is in no sense an energy source.
• 5. 一见到他我就恶心。 The sight of him disgusts me.