英汉互译.ppt

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• Translation is not the transcoding of words or sentences from one language to another, but a complex form of action, whereby someone provides information on a text (source language material) in a new situation and under changed functional, cultural and linguistic conditions, preserving formal aspects as closely as possible. (1986:33, trans.Snell-Hornby, 1990:82)
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• God created the world within six days and on the seventh, he rested from his work. He then made Adam and Eve. One generation after another, the number of humans began to increase greatly. Meanwhile, the wickedness of humankind was great. So, God destroyed the earthly things in the Great Flood except Noah and his Ark. Far after the flood, the families of Noah’s sons spread on the earth in nations. • At that time the whole earth had one language and the same words. In the land of Shinar, humans planned to build a tower. ―Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in the heavens.‖ However, God was not pleased with this plan. God said, ―Look, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is only the beginning of what they will do; nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them. Come, let us go down, and confuse their language there, so that they will not understand one another’s speech.‖ So the Lord scattered them abroad from there over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city, the tower. That was called Babel, where God confused the language of all the earth.
（翻译是把一种语言所表达的思想用另一种语言重新表达出来的活动。）
B. Eugine Nida（尤金· 奈达, American translation theorist）： Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Nida & Taber: The Theory and Practice of Translation)
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More example in WIT hospital 1 Women disease 2 inner clinic 3 first disease room

(所谓翻译, 是指从语义到文体在译文中用最贴切自然的对等 语去再现原文的信息。首先是意义，其次是文体 。)
Definition
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• Translation: the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL). (Catford 1965) • 翻译是用另一种语言（译语）的等值 的文本材料来替换一种语言（原语） 的文本材料。（穆雷 译1990）
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• Are these translations?

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What is translation?
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—— To write is to translate what one is thinking of or understanding.
—— As a matter of fact, guessing what other people mean is also a kind of translatislip 天天保证质量 guarantee day by day quality 南门 South Door 武汉植物园 Wuhan Zhi Wu Yuan 花径广场 Flower Way square 花卉基地 Hua Hui Ji Di 猴山 Hou Shan 注意用火安全 notice fire safety 黄鹤古肆 Ancient Market Yellow Crane 山林防火 人人有责 严禁吸烟 Everyone is responsible for preventing fires .Please don’t smoke. • 残疾人 handicapped /disabled • 闲人免进 the one who is not relevant stays away.
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What is translation? Translation：
An activity of reproducing in one language the ideas which have been expressed in another language

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Movie names : The Great Gatsby ---大亨小传 Old wife for New –旧宠新欢 Salt of Earth ---社会中坚 Waterloo Bridge –魂断蓝桥 Dumb and Dumber –阿呆和阿瓜 Sailor Moon --- 月影骑士 Saving Private Ryan ---拯救大兵瑞恩、雷 霆救兵 • Casablanca 北非谍影 、 卡萨布兰卡
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Shannon
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The Principles of Idioms Translation Difficulties in Translation of Idioms

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• Cultural theorist Stuart Hall (1980) • The ―encoding/decoding‖ approach settles a dispute in communication study: meaning is not only passed on by information sender, it is also generated by information receiver.
Your practice
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Movie names : The Great Gatsby Old wife for New Salt of Earth Waterloo Bridge Dumb and Dumber Sailor Moon Saving Private Ryan Casablanca
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English-Chinese Translation
由NordriDesign提供

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• What are your purposes to learn translation? • What are your expectation?


Translation in the West
(翻译在西方) I. How Translation Came into Being
A. People used to speak a same language? B. How comes that there are so many languages in the world? C. Translation seemed impossible in the past, but needed in foreign exchanges. D. Writing or guessing is a kind of translating, in a broad sense.
Better • • • • • • • • • • • • 小心地滑 mind your step /Caution slippery 天天保证质量 quality guaranteed 南门 The South Gate 武汉植物园 Wuhan Botanic Garden 花径广场 flower plaza 花卉基地 Plants and floral Base 猴山 monkey hill 注意用火安全 Mind your fire 黄鹤古肆 ancient market of Yellow Crane Tower 山林防火 人人有责 严禁吸烟 no smoking 残疾人 Physically Challenged 闲人免进 staff only/No entrance

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小心地滑 天天保证质量 南门 武汉植物园 花径广场 花卉基地 猴山 注意用火安全 黄鹤古肆 山林防火 人人有责 严禁吸烟 残疾人 闲人免进

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• In her book ―Translation as a Purposeful Activity: Functionalist Approaches Explained‖ (2001) Nord introduces the popular functionalists in German. She also states that functional translation is based on two principles: ―function‖ and ―loyalty‖. By using ―loyalty‖, rather ―faithfulness‖ she defines translation as an interpersonal communication, which should emphasize the need of target reader. Nord divides source text into 4 types: • One, referential function. • Two, expressive function. • Three, appellative function. • Four, phatic function.