三叉神经痛PPT
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• 5.诱发因素:说话、吃饭、洗脸、剃须、刷牙以 及风吹等均可诱发疼痛发作
15
临床特点
• 6.扳机点:常位于上唇、鼻翼、齿龈、口角、舌、 眉等处
• 7.表情和颜面部变化:“痛性痉挛”,皱眉咬牙、 张口掩目,或用手掌用力揉搓颜面
• 脑脊液、X线颅底摄片、CT或MRI检查、鼻咽部活组织检 查等有助诊断
12
三、PTN临床特点
• 1.性别与年龄:年龄多>40岁,男女性别比例约为3∶2 • 2.疼痛部位:右侧多于左侧,疼痛由面部、口腔或下颌的
某一点开始扩散到三叉神经某一支或多支,以第Ⅱ、Ⅲ支 最为常见,第Ⅰ支相对较少见
– 疼痛范围不超越面部中线,亦不超过三叉神经分布区域 – 偶尔有双侧三叉神经痛者,占3%
• Take a complete medical history and perform a physical examination basing upon the location of your pain and its characteristic symptoms
• Look for an underlying cause of your symptoms
• 继发性三叉神经痛源于三叉神经节邻近组织病变
– 桥小脑角肿瘤
– 三叉神经根或半月神经节部位的肿瘤
– 血管畸形
– 动脉瘤
– 蛛网膜炎等
9
10
1、原发性三叉神经痛
Primary trigeminal neuralgia, PTN • 病史,疼痛部位、性质,全身营养,白天发作 • 表情痛苦,面部油腻,不愿讲话 • 神经系统检查正常,感觉、运动及反射(角膜,
– Avoid very cold or very hot food and drinks – Don’t chew your food on the side that is
painful – Don’t eat extremely hard or crunchy foods – Avoid splashing your face with very hot or
(Trigeminal Neuralgia, TN)
xiejt@163.com
1
一、概 述
2
头面部浅感觉的传导路
头面部 浅感觉感受器
周围突
中枢突
三叉神经节
三叉神经根
脑桥三叉N脑桥核(传导触觉) 脑桥
延髓三叉神经脊束核(传导痛温觉)
三叉丘系 内囊后肢
背侧丘脑腹后内侧核 中央后回下1/3
丘脑皮质束
3
下颌)反射均无异常 • 治疗后可有局部痛觉减退,应与继发性三叉神经
痛的面部感觉减退相鉴别 • 影像学无异常改变
11
2、继发性三叉神经痛
Secondary trigeminal neuralgia, STN • 又称症状性三叉神经痛,是由于颅内、外器质性疾病引起
的三叉神经痛
– 疼痛程度较轻 – 疼痛发作的持续时间较长 – 或呈持续性痛,阵发性加重 – 多见于40岁以下中、青年人 – 通常没有扳机点 – 诱发因素不明显
• Might be caused by irritation or damage to a
nerve, although the cause of the irritation is often
not known. Irritation could be caused by
– An infection such as tooth decay
– Herpes zoster virus (shingles)
– Nasal infections
– Eye strain
– Systemic diseases
– Arthritis
– Exposure to cold
– A pinched nerve
– Injury
– Poor diet
5
Diagnosis
– Phenytoin
• Procedures to deaden the nerve with gamma rays, radio frequency waves, or glycerol injections
• The nerve can also be cut or permanently destroyed
• Surgery to free the nerve
• Alternative treatments
– B-complex vitamin
– Acupuncture
– Herbal remedies
7
Self-care tips
• To avoid attacks if you know what triggers them
• 3.疼痛性质:如刀割、针刺、撕裂、烧灼或电击样剧烈难 忍的疼痛,甚至痛不欲生
13
14
临床特点
• 4.疼痛的规律
– 发作由仅持续数秒到1~2分钟骤然停止 – 初期发作次数较少,间歇期亦长(mins, hrs) – 随病情发展而渐频繁,间歇期缩短,剧烈 – 夜晚疼痛发作减少 – 间歇期无任何不适
– Facial pain- jaw, teeth, or sinuses
• Check whether a tumor or aneurysm is putting pressure on a nerve
6
TБайду номын сангаасerapies
• Agents -Antiseizure drugs
– carbamazepine
cold water when washing – Rinse your mouth with water after every meal
instead of using a toothbrush
8
二、分类
• 分为原发性、继发性三叉神经痛
• 原发性三叉神经痛无明显原因,由三叉神经本身的潜 在病变引起,检查无神经系统体征,部分为邻近正常 血管压迫所致
4
Clinic & Pathology of TN
• A sharp, severe, shooting pain
• It usually comes and goes
• Affect adults of any age, although some types are more common after middle age.
15
临床特点
• 6.扳机点:常位于上唇、鼻翼、齿龈、口角、舌、 眉等处
• 7.表情和颜面部变化:“痛性痉挛”,皱眉咬牙、 张口掩目,或用手掌用力揉搓颜面
• 脑脊液、X线颅底摄片、CT或MRI检查、鼻咽部活组织检 查等有助诊断
12
三、PTN临床特点
• 1.性别与年龄:年龄多>40岁,男女性别比例约为3∶2 • 2.疼痛部位:右侧多于左侧,疼痛由面部、口腔或下颌的
某一点开始扩散到三叉神经某一支或多支,以第Ⅱ、Ⅲ支 最为常见,第Ⅰ支相对较少见
– 疼痛范围不超越面部中线,亦不超过三叉神经分布区域 – 偶尔有双侧三叉神经痛者,占3%
• Take a complete medical history and perform a physical examination basing upon the location of your pain and its characteristic symptoms
• Look for an underlying cause of your symptoms
• 继发性三叉神经痛源于三叉神经节邻近组织病变
– 桥小脑角肿瘤
– 三叉神经根或半月神经节部位的肿瘤
– 血管畸形
– 动脉瘤
– 蛛网膜炎等
9
10
1、原发性三叉神经痛
Primary trigeminal neuralgia, PTN • 病史,疼痛部位、性质,全身营养,白天发作 • 表情痛苦,面部油腻,不愿讲话 • 神经系统检查正常,感觉、运动及反射(角膜,
– Avoid very cold or very hot food and drinks – Don’t chew your food on the side that is
painful – Don’t eat extremely hard or crunchy foods – Avoid splashing your face with very hot or
(Trigeminal Neuralgia, TN)
xiejt@163.com
1
一、概 述
2
头面部浅感觉的传导路
头面部 浅感觉感受器
周围突
中枢突
三叉神经节
三叉神经根
脑桥三叉N脑桥核(传导触觉) 脑桥
延髓三叉神经脊束核(传导痛温觉)
三叉丘系 内囊后肢
背侧丘脑腹后内侧核 中央后回下1/3
丘脑皮质束
3
下颌)反射均无异常 • 治疗后可有局部痛觉减退,应与继发性三叉神经
痛的面部感觉减退相鉴别 • 影像学无异常改变
11
2、继发性三叉神经痛
Secondary trigeminal neuralgia, STN • 又称症状性三叉神经痛,是由于颅内、外器质性疾病引起
的三叉神经痛
– 疼痛程度较轻 – 疼痛发作的持续时间较长 – 或呈持续性痛,阵发性加重 – 多见于40岁以下中、青年人 – 通常没有扳机点 – 诱发因素不明显
• Might be caused by irritation or damage to a
nerve, although the cause of the irritation is often
not known. Irritation could be caused by
– An infection such as tooth decay
– Herpes zoster virus (shingles)
– Nasal infections
– Eye strain
– Systemic diseases
– Arthritis
– Exposure to cold
– A pinched nerve
– Injury
– Poor diet
5
Diagnosis
– Phenytoin
• Procedures to deaden the nerve with gamma rays, radio frequency waves, or glycerol injections
• The nerve can also be cut or permanently destroyed
• Surgery to free the nerve
• Alternative treatments
– B-complex vitamin
– Acupuncture
– Herbal remedies
7
Self-care tips
• To avoid attacks if you know what triggers them
• 3.疼痛性质:如刀割、针刺、撕裂、烧灼或电击样剧烈难 忍的疼痛,甚至痛不欲生
13
14
临床特点
• 4.疼痛的规律
– 发作由仅持续数秒到1~2分钟骤然停止 – 初期发作次数较少,间歇期亦长(mins, hrs) – 随病情发展而渐频繁,间歇期缩短,剧烈 – 夜晚疼痛发作减少 – 间歇期无任何不适
– Facial pain- jaw, teeth, or sinuses
• Check whether a tumor or aneurysm is putting pressure on a nerve
6
TБайду номын сангаасerapies
• Agents -Antiseizure drugs
– carbamazepine
cold water when washing – Rinse your mouth with water after every meal
instead of using a toothbrush
8
二、分类
• 分为原发性、继发性三叉神经痛
• 原发性三叉神经痛无明显原因,由三叉神经本身的潜 在病变引起,检查无神经系统体征,部分为邻近正常 血管压迫所致
4
Clinic & Pathology of TN
• A sharp, severe, shooting pain
• It usually comes and goes
• Affect adults of any age, although some types are more common after middle age.