汉诗英译漫谈
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3
羌族: 我国古代民族,原住在以今青海为 中 心,南至四川,北接新疆的一带地区,东 汉时移居今甘肃一带,东晋时建立后秦政 权(公元384-417)。
(《现代汉语词典》,1996:1015)
4
The Yellow River rises far from fleecy cloudland tossed. 'Mid peaks so high our tiny town to sight is almost lost. Why need my Mongol flute bewail the elm and the willow missed? Beyond the Yumen pass the breath of spring has never crossed.
-弗莱彻 (tr.Fletcher)
5
理解包括对语言和文化的理解,离不开对 知识的掌握和对文献的查阅。
6
2.风格问题
任何作家,都有自己的风格,有自己的特 色。风格是文学艺术的一个重要表现。也 可以说,没有风格便没有艺术。
如果我们承认作家有自己的创作风格或表 达风格,在翻译时就应当争取保留原作的 风格,尽量移植原作的风格。
-宾纳(tr.Binner)
30
我们在翻译较短较好处理的诗时是不是可 以考虑真正把唐诗的押韵方法介绍给英语 世界的读者,起码把唐诗的韵脚安排移植 过去,给他们唐诗的真面目。当然,唐诗 所用的平仄规律是无法移植的,但英诗常 见的抑扬格或扬抑格和押尾韵的作法应当 是可以考虑的。
31
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
A Farewell Song at Weicheng
-徐忠杰
17
译文二
LEAVING THE WHITE EMPEROR TOWN AT DAWN Leaving at dawn the White Emperor crowned with cloud, I've sailed a thousand miles through canyons in a day. With monkeys' sad adieus the riverbanks are loud; My skiff has left ten thousand mountains far away.
-奥巴挞(Shigeyoshi Obata)
15
国内的大部分译者对风格对等极为重视, 从用词、意象、用韵都尽量保持或接近原 来风格,即切合原诗的一切。
16
译文一
Early departure from Baidi
Baidi, nestled in pretty clouds, I left at dawn. To reach Jiangling a thousand li off, a day's gone. Along the banks were monkeys with their ceaseless scream. Hills and hills we passed in our light boat down the stream.
-徐忠杰
11
Pink hands so fine, Gold-branded wine, Spring paints the willows green palace walls can't confine. East wind unfair, Happy times rare. In my heart sad thoughts throng; We've severed for years long. Wrong! Wrong! Wrong!
-许渊冲
12
译诗的目的和译者的目标读者 与风格再现不无关系。
13
《早发白帝城》 李白
朝辞白帝彩云间, 千里江陵一日还。 两岸猿声啼不住, 轻舟已过万重山。
14
THE RIVER JOURNEY FROM WHITE KING CITY
At dawn I left the walled city of White King, Towering among the many-coloured clouds; And came down stream in a day One thousand li to Jiangling. The screams of monkeys on either bank Had scarcely ceased echoing in my ear When my skiff had left behind it Ten thousand ranges of hills.
20
《金陵图》 韦庄
江雨霏霏江草齐, 六朝如梦鸟空啼。 无情最是台城柳, 依旧烟笼十里堤。
21
Though a shower bends the river-grass, a bird is singing, While ghosts of the Six Dynasties pass like a dream Around the Forbidden City, under weeping willows Which loom still for three miles along the misty moat.
原文与译文之间的风格对等,那就是好的 翻译。
7
●郑光宜:"译者既要受制于原作,又要充分 发挥自己的创造性;既要处于'隐行人'的地 位,又要有自己的声音,自己的风格。任 何一部译作都具有双重性:一重是作者的 声音,一重是译者的声音。"(《中国翻译 》,2003.2:33)
8
徐忠杰教授和许渊冲教授翻译的陆游的 《钗头凤》一直令我思考风格再现这个问 题,一直让我思考刘重德教授提出的 “信 、达、切”原则,尤其是“切”的译诗原则。 ●刘重德:"所谓切,即切合(或接近原文) 风格。"(汪榕培,1997:195)
24
《江雪》 柳宗元
千山鸟飞绝, 万径人踪灭, 孤舟蓑笠翁, 独钓寒江雪。
25
RIVER-SNOW A hundred mountains and no bird, A thousand paths without a footprint; A little boat, a bamboo cloak, An old man fishing in the cold river snow.
-许渊冲
18
凡是翻译,就应当是翻译,即便在翻译过 程中有创造性发挥,终究还应当是翻译, 必须忠实于原作。
19
3.用韵问题
只要原诗用了韵,它就有它存在的理由和价值,译诗的人 没有权利剥夺原诗作者的音韵安排。
●许渊冲:“译诗如不传达原诗的音美,就不可能产生和原 诗相似的效果;恰恰相反,用韵的音美有时反而有助于传 达原诗的意美。这就是说,用韵固然可能因声损义,不用 韵则一定因声损义,用韵损义的程度反比不用韵小。” (汪榕培,1997:246)
-宾纳(tr.Binner )
22
Over the riverside grass falls a drizzling rain, Six Dynasties have passed like dreams, birds cry in vain. For miles around the town unfeeling willows stand Adorning like veil of mist the lakeside land.
-许渊冲
23
这些名家的译文使我们知晓原诗的基本形 式,为读者保留了原诗的形美和音美,读 起来琅琅上口,美感自生。诗若不以诗的 形式译出,与普通散文的区别有多大?关 键是,在阅读或朗读原诗时,读者能享受 原诗的形美和音美,翻译到目的语时把原 样改变后,诗的美便不复存在。翻译的意 义还有多大?形变,音变,意思还能完美 存在?
-许渊冲
26
《渭城曲》 王维
渭城朝雨邑轻尘, 客舍青青柳色新。 劝君更尽一杯酒, 西出阳关无故人。
27
Farewell toast to a friend
Dust in Weicheng a morning shower lay. At the hotel, willows look fresh today. For friendship's sake, empty another glass. You haven‘t an old friend, west of the Yang Pass.
-徐忠杰
28
A Farewell Song
No dust is raised on pathways wet with morning rain, The willows by the tavern look so fresh and green. I invite you to drink a cup of wine again, West of the Southern Pass no more friends will be seen.
9
《钗头凤》(上阕)
陆游
红酥手,黄藤酒,满城春色宫墙柳。 东风恶,欢情薄。一怀愁绪,几年离索。 错!错!错!
10
What soft, ruddy hands with a beauty of line, As they pour for me exquisite vintage wine! All over town are signs and colours of spring: Willows along the walls form a festooned string. The dowager lorded o'er our married life; She killed our happiness as husband and wife. Since we parted, a good many years have passed But equally long did profound sorrow last. Wrong! Wrong! Wrong! Is the course I've run.
- 许渊冲
29
A SONG AT WEICHENG
A morning rain has settled the dust in Weicheng; Willows are green again in the tavern dooryard… Wait till we empty one more cup--- West of the Yang Gate there'll be no old friends.
李正栓
1
1. 理解问题
正确理解原诗是翻译诗歌的前提 ● 江枫:“正确理解,才能正确翻译。”(《中 国翻译》,2001.3:23) ● 汪榕培:“译诗者的理解是他用外语表达的基础 只有他自己把握住原诗的精神实质才有可能把它 ‘生动逼真’地再现出来。”(汪榕培,1997:72)
2
《凉洲词》 王之涣
黄河远上白云间, 一片孤城万仞山。 羌笛何须怨杨柳, 春风不渡玉门关。
●丰华瞻:“翻译诗歌时如果译出来的诗没有音韵之美,是 一大缺点。一般地说,这种诗不大为人们所喜爱。” (汪榕培,1997:233)
●汪榕培:“就译诗而言,不能只要求忠实于意义;如果译 出的诗不能传达出原诗的韵味,并没有感染力,那就不是 成功的译作。……无论汉诗或英诗,音乐美很重要。” (汪榕培,1997:231)
-宾纳(tr.Binner) Fishing in Snow From hill to hill no bird in flight; From path to path no man in sight. A straw-cloack'd man in a boat, lo! Fishing on river clad in snow.
羌族: 我国古代民族,原住在以今青海为 中 心,南至四川,北接新疆的一带地区,东 汉时移居今甘肃一带,东晋时建立后秦政 权(公元384-417)。
(《现代汉语词典》,1996:1015)
4
The Yellow River rises far from fleecy cloudland tossed. 'Mid peaks so high our tiny town to sight is almost lost. Why need my Mongol flute bewail the elm and the willow missed? Beyond the Yumen pass the breath of spring has never crossed.
-弗莱彻 (tr.Fletcher)
5
理解包括对语言和文化的理解,离不开对 知识的掌握和对文献的查阅。
6
2.风格问题
任何作家,都有自己的风格,有自己的特 色。风格是文学艺术的一个重要表现。也 可以说,没有风格便没有艺术。
如果我们承认作家有自己的创作风格或表 达风格,在翻译时就应当争取保留原作的 风格,尽量移植原作的风格。
-宾纳(tr.Binner)
30
我们在翻译较短较好处理的诗时是不是可 以考虑真正把唐诗的押韵方法介绍给英语 世界的读者,起码把唐诗的韵脚安排移植 过去,给他们唐诗的真面目。当然,唐诗 所用的平仄规律是无法移植的,但英诗常 见的抑扬格或扬抑格和押尾韵的作法应当 是可以考虑的。
31
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
A Farewell Song at Weicheng
-徐忠杰
17
译文二
LEAVING THE WHITE EMPEROR TOWN AT DAWN Leaving at dawn the White Emperor crowned with cloud, I've sailed a thousand miles through canyons in a day. With monkeys' sad adieus the riverbanks are loud; My skiff has left ten thousand mountains far away.
-奥巴挞(Shigeyoshi Obata)
15
国内的大部分译者对风格对等极为重视, 从用词、意象、用韵都尽量保持或接近原 来风格,即切合原诗的一切。
16
译文一
Early departure from Baidi
Baidi, nestled in pretty clouds, I left at dawn. To reach Jiangling a thousand li off, a day's gone. Along the banks were monkeys with their ceaseless scream. Hills and hills we passed in our light boat down the stream.
-徐忠杰
11
Pink hands so fine, Gold-branded wine, Spring paints the willows green palace walls can't confine. East wind unfair, Happy times rare. In my heart sad thoughts throng; We've severed for years long. Wrong! Wrong! Wrong!
-许渊冲
12
译诗的目的和译者的目标读者 与风格再现不无关系。
13
《早发白帝城》 李白
朝辞白帝彩云间, 千里江陵一日还。 两岸猿声啼不住, 轻舟已过万重山。
14
THE RIVER JOURNEY FROM WHITE KING CITY
At dawn I left the walled city of White King, Towering among the many-coloured clouds; And came down stream in a day One thousand li to Jiangling. The screams of monkeys on either bank Had scarcely ceased echoing in my ear When my skiff had left behind it Ten thousand ranges of hills.
20
《金陵图》 韦庄
江雨霏霏江草齐, 六朝如梦鸟空啼。 无情最是台城柳, 依旧烟笼十里堤。
21
Though a shower bends the river-grass, a bird is singing, While ghosts of the Six Dynasties pass like a dream Around the Forbidden City, under weeping willows Which loom still for three miles along the misty moat.
原文与译文之间的风格对等,那就是好的 翻译。
7
●郑光宜:"译者既要受制于原作,又要充分 发挥自己的创造性;既要处于'隐行人'的地 位,又要有自己的声音,自己的风格。任 何一部译作都具有双重性:一重是作者的 声音,一重是译者的声音。"(《中国翻译 》,2003.2:33)
8
徐忠杰教授和许渊冲教授翻译的陆游的 《钗头凤》一直令我思考风格再现这个问 题,一直让我思考刘重德教授提出的 “信 、达、切”原则,尤其是“切”的译诗原则。 ●刘重德:"所谓切,即切合(或接近原文) 风格。"(汪榕培,1997:195)
24
《江雪》 柳宗元
千山鸟飞绝, 万径人踪灭, 孤舟蓑笠翁, 独钓寒江雪。
25
RIVER-SNOW A hundred mountains and no bird, A thousand paths without a footprint; A little boat, a bamboo cloak, An old man fishing in the cold river snow.
-许渊冲
18
凡是翻译,就应当是翻译,即便在翻译过 程中有创造性发挥,终究还应当是翻译, 必须忠实于原作。
19
3.用韵问题
只要原诗用了韵,它就有它存在的理由和价值,译诗的人 没有权利剥夺原诗作者的音韵安排。
●许渊冲:“译诗如不传达原诗的音美,就不可能产生和原 诗相似的效果;恰恰相反,用韵的音美有时反而有助于传 达原诗的意美。这就是说,用韵固然可能因声损义,不用 韵则一定因声损义,用韵损义的程度反比不用韵小。” (汪榕培,1997:246)
-宾纳(tr.Binner )
22
Over the riverside grass falls a drizzling rain, Six Dynasties have passed like dreams, birds cry in vain. For miles around the town unfeeling willows stand Adorning like veil of mist the lakeside land.
-许渊冲
23
这些名家的译文使我们知晓原诗的基本形 式,为读者保留了原诗的形美和音美,读 起来琅琅上口,美感自生。诗若不以诗的 形式译出,与普通散文的区别有多大?关 键是,在阅读或朗读原诗时,读者能享受 原诗的形美和音美,翻译到目的语时把原 样改变后,诗的美便不复存在。翻译的意 义还有多大?形变,音变,意思还能完美 存在?
-许渊冲
26
《渭城曲》 王维
渭城朝雨邑轻尘, 客舍青青柳色新。 劝君更尽一杯酒, 西出阳关无故人。
27
Farewell toast to a friend
Dust in Weicheng a morning shower lay. At the hotel, willows look fresh today. For friendship's sake, empty another glass. You haven‘t an old friend, west of the Yang Pass.
-徐忠杰
28
A Farewell Song
No dust is raised on pathways wet with morning rain, The willows by the tavern look so fresh and green. I invite you to drink a cup of wine again, West of the Southern Pass no more friends will be seen.
9
《钗头凤》(上阕)
陆游
红酥手,黄藤酒,满城春色宫墙柳。 东风恶,欢情薄。一怀愁绪,几年离索。 错!错!错!
10
What soft, ruddy hands with a beauty of line, As they pour for me exquisite vintage wine! All over town are signs and colours of spring: Willows along the walls form a festooned string. The dowager lorded o'er our married life; She killed our happiness as husband and wife. Since we parted, a good many years have passed But equally long did profound sorrow last. Wrong! Wrong! Wrong! Is the course I've run.
- 许渊冲
29
A SONG AT WEICHENG
A morning rain has settled the dust in Weicheng; Willows are green again in the tavern dooryard… Wait till we empty one more cup--- West of the Yang Gate there'll be no old friends.
李正栓
1
1. 理解问题
正确理解原诗是翻译诗歌的前提 ● 江枫:“正确理解,才能正确翻译。”(《中 国翻译》,2001.3:23) ● 汪榕培:“译诗者的理解是他用外语表达的基础 只有他自己把握住原诗的精神实质才有可能把它 ‘生动逼真’地再现出来。”(汪榕培,1997:72)
2
《凉洲词》 王之涣
黄河远上白云间, 一片孤城万仞山。 羌笛何须怨杨柳, 春风不渡玉门关。
●丰华瞻:“翻译诗歌时如果译出来的诗没有音韵之美,是 一大缺点。一般地说,这种诗不大为人们所喜爱。” (汪榕培,1997:233)
●汪榕培:“就译诗而言,不能只要求忠实于意义;如果译 出的诗不能传达出原诗的韵味,并没有感染力,那就不是 成功的译作。……无论汉诗或英诗,音乐美很重要。” (汪榕培,1997:231)
-宾纳(tr.Binner) Fishing in Snow From hill to hill no bird in flight; From path to path no man in sight. A straw-cloack'd man in a boat, lo! Fishing on river clad in snow.