04词义的引申,正反、反正表达法

She sailed into the room
翻 译
7.2 语用引申 The new father wore a proud smile. 刚做了父亲的那个人带着得意的笑容。 刚做了父亲的那个人带着得意的笑容。 He started to his feet with the intention of awaking the lose. sleepers, for there was no time to lose. 他倏地一下站起来，打算把睡觉的人都叫醒，因为时间十分 紧迫，必须马上赶路。 Cleverer heads than mine might have seen his drift. 比我聪明的人，才弄得懂它葫芦里买的是什么药。‘ 比我聪明的人，才弄得懂它葫芦里买的是什么药。‘
正说反译
翻 译
He had lived all his life in desert where every cupful of water might be a matter of life and death.
翻 译
7.3 修辞引申——增加修辞色彩 修辞引申——增加修辞色彩
1.
SeaSea-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous,
翻 译
It is not only Japan that has experienced the shock of the new.
• Black Friday——不幸的礼拜五，即有任何 灾难发生的礼拜五；复活节前之礼拜五 （神职人员于此日着黑装）。
• Definition: The day after Thanksgiving in the United States, is frequently referred to as Black Friday. • General Use: One of the major U.S. holiday shopping days. The day many U.S. consumers begin Christmas shopping. The day is heavily promoted by retailers. • Origin: The origin of Black Friday comes from the shift to profitability during the holiday season. Black Friday was when retailers went from being unprofitable, or "in the red," to being profitable, or "in the black", at a time when
以上这些句型结构和词汇都从不同程度上体现了将 否定意义寓于肯定的句子形式中这一语法现象。很好地 掌握这种否定意义的表达方式的话，将会有利于我们帮 助学生提高对英语文章的阅读理解能力和丰富他们的英 语表达。
学一学，练一练： 两下列句子翻译成汉语，注意形式否定，意义肯定的现象。 1.The wooden bridge is anything but safe . 2.He is anything but a scholar. 3.How he managed to live is more than I can tell. 4.Don’t tell him more than you can help. 5.I’m wise than to believe what you call money talks. 6.You ought to know better than to go swimming immediately after a big meal. 7.Bionics is all Greek to me. 8.I’m all thumbs as far as drawing is concerned.
• • • • Suits was the last thing he would like to wear. 那时他最不愿意穿的就是西装。 Our mayor is the last man to accept a bribe. 市长先生决不是那种收受贿赂之人。
anything but 如：
• • • •
Even after Black Friday, most bulls remained, well, bullish.
翻 译
Homework
1. A number of activities will still have to occur before the goods reach the consumer.
当然油箱里装满优质汽油倒是好事， 当然油箱里装满优质汽油倒是好事，但是驾驶室里要是坐 优质汽油倒是好事 横冲直撞的司机就完全是另一回事了 着横冲直撞的司机就完全是另一回事了。
翻 译
抽象化引申 Every life has its roses and thorns. 生活有甜有苦。
we have progressed a long way from the early days of electrical engineering。 。
• • • • • • • • Mr. Williams Robert was blind to his son’s faults. 威廉斯罗伯特先生看不到自己儿子的过失。 Life is far from being abed of roses 生活远非尽乐事。
结构中。 在 too…to…, too…for sb. to…结构中。如： 结构中
2. The administration was free from corruption.
3. We waited in suspense to hear the end of the ghost story. 4. It’s hard to begin any serious adult project because you know the kids are going to interrupt you in a few minutes—you can’t even count on nap time to read a book.
第七章英汉翻译中词义的引申
翻 译
引申的必要性
7.1 逻辑引申—几种情况 比喻词：avalanche 具体 抽象 flowering
抽象 具体
entree remind,
转变视角
翻 译
7.1逻辑引申 7.1逻辑引申
It is all very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter altogether.
翻 译
5. Capital punishment is more humane because the criminal does not suffer the torture of life imprisonment. 6.I was not elected to watch my people suffer and die while you discuss this invasion in a committee
• • • • • • He is the most ungenerous I know, you will get damn all out of him. 我从未见过他那样的人，对人真是一毛不拔。 Bionics is all Greek to me. 我对生物学一点也不懂。 I’m all thumbs as far as drawing is concerned. 谈到绘画，我可是一窍不通。
• • • • This problem has been little studied. 对这个问题几乎还没有研究过。 Scarcely anybody believes that 几乎没有人相信这件事。
由介词短语构成的否定，常见的有 ： out of humor , out of place , out of question , argue…out of… , talk… out of等。 如： 等
• • His statement was entirely out of place on such an occasion. 在这样的场合中，他那样说是不恰当的。
形 式 肯 定，意 义 否 定 的 英语表达
由形容词短语构成的否定，常见的有： blind to…; ： free from…; ignorant of…; absent from…; far from…; dead to… 等。如：
形 式 肯 定，意 义 否 定 的 英语表达 英语的否定形式看起来似乎简单，但实际表达却很复杂。 一般来说，其否定的构成通过两种手段进行——词汇手段 和语法手段。所谓词汇手段是运用构词法和相反的词汇及 词组来表示一个否定的概念。所谓语法手段是指运用具有 否定意义的语言结构和词语来表示否定的概念，其中包括 形式否定，意义否定和形式肯定，意义否定两种情况。这 种形式肯定，意义否定的形式在英语中的应用十分普遍。 在这几年的教学中，我发现掌握这种表达方式是学生学习 当中的一个难点。现将自己积累和总结的一些要点简单归 纳如下：
the news for the next four weeks was never distinct.
在接下来的四个星期里，消息时好时 坏，两种情况不断交替出现，一直没 有明朗化。
翻
译
Last night an uninvited guest turned up to make five for bridge. I had the kind of paper book at hand to make being the fifth at bridge a joy. He wouldn't tell them, but kept them in suspense all day.
意为“绝对不，根本不，一点也不” 意为“绝对不，根本不，一点也不”。
The wooden bridge is anything but safe. 这座木桥一点也不安全。 He is anything but a scholar. 他决不是个学者。
形 式 肯 定，意 义 否 定 的 英语表达 其他固定用法：…be all Greek to…, be all thumbs, leave much to be desired… , damn all…等。如： 等
Байду номын сангаас
形 式 肯 定，意 义 否 定 的 英语表达 由半否定词hardly（几乎不，简直不）, scarcely（几乎 （几乎不，简直不） （ 没有，简直不） 没有，简直不）,rarely（很少）, few, little（很少，有点 （很少） （很少， 儿）, barely（仅仅，几乎不）, seldom（不常，很少） （仅仅，几乎不） （不常，很少） 等词构成的句子表示整个句子的意思接进于否定。如：
7.4 概念范围的调整—— 外延的扩大或缩小
翻 译
If you wish to be the best man, you must suffer the bitterest of the bitter. 7.5 词义引申的层次
Large and strong like a bull. 象牛般大的，强壮的 a bull market价格上涨的行情
The man is too selfish to help others. 这个人太自私了，从不会帮助别人。 The river is too broad for us to swim across. 河太宽了我们游不过去。
形 式 肯 定，意 义 否 定 的 英语表达 the last + 名词 + 定语从句； the last + … 不定式结构。 定语从句； 不定式结构。 如：