(完整)高考语法复习之非谓语动词做定语及与定语从句的转换

非谓语动词作定语

一：如何轻松精准的做此类题呢只需把握住两点：

一先看非谓语动词与其逻辑主语（即定语的先行词）之间的关系，主动与被动

二看非谓语动词与谓动的时间关系1与谓动同时发生2在谓动之前3在将来发生

二：做题步骤：先搞清非谓语动词与先行词之间的逻辑关系

1如果是主动关系，再看时间，与谓动同时发生用doing 将来发生用to do

2如果是被动再看时间，与谓语动词同时发生用being done 在谓动之前用done表将来用to be done

一．用不定式做定语的几种情况：

（1）不定式表将来。如：

The car to be bought is for his sister.

（2）用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。如：

He is the best man to do the job.

She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.

（3）用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有：

ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等Do you have the ability to read and write in English?

I have no chance to go sightseeing.

二．分词作定语

doing 主动进行

being done 被动进行

done 被动完成

The houses being built are for the teachers.

Things lost never come again.

I have never seen a more moving movie.

三、to be done , done, being done 做定语的区别

三者的语态同为被动语态，区别主要集中在时态上

Have you read the novel witten by Dickens?

Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students.

The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is a very important one.

（一）、-ing形式作定语

-ing 形式在句中做定语时有两种情况。

1. -ing 形式和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系,表示这个名词(人或物)的动作或状态,相当于一个定语从句。如:

These dancing girls are from my class.

At 11 o’clock，please find the waiting bus at the entrance.

We should show respect for the working people

注意:

①表示现在(或当时)的状态,变为定语从句时常用一般时态。

The temple standing on the top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty.

②表示正在进行的动作,变为定语从句时要用进行时态。

Do you see the woman talking to the secretary？

The song being broadcast is very popular with the young students.

③-ing形式的完成式一般不能用作定语,除非为非限制性的后置定语。

The manager wasn’t angry with the man who had been so rude. (不用having been so rude)

The problem，having been discussed for many years，has now been solved.

（1） I don`t know the man ________ over there.

A. to stand

B. standing

C. stood

D. being stood

（2） It seems that I once met with the man _____ us.

A. served

B. being served

C. to have served

D. serving

（3）The old man _______ has been ill for months.

A. to operate on

B. operate on

C. operated

D. being operated on

（4） The Three Gorge project ____ on the middle reaches of Yangtse River is the biggest dam of its kind.

A. to build

B. building

C. being built

D. built

（5）I’ve lived here for twenty years, but I don’t know the family ______ next to my door.

A. to live

B. living

C. lived

D. having lived

（6）Last year we had a drought ______ 80 days.

A. lasted

B. lasting

C. to last

D. being lasted

（二）、过去分词作定语

1.过去分词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,并且表被动。

A letter posted this morning will probably reach her tomorrow.

2. 没有一定的时间性,仅表示被动。

I don’t like to see the letter written in pencil.我

3.如过去分词作定语时所表示的动作正在发生,其结构为being done。

The question being discussed is important.现在正在讨论的问题很重要。

（1）From the dates ____ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.

A. marking

B. marked

C. to be marked

D. having been marked

（2） Any applicant form ______ properly will not be accepted by the company.

A. not filled

B. not to be filled

C. not being filled

D. not having been filled

（3） The amount of money _____ for the seriously sick child was soon collected.

A. to need

B. needed

C. needing

D. which needed

非谓语动词作定语练习

1.Here are some new computer programs _________ for home buildings.

A. designing

B. design

C. designed

D. to design