物理(包括物理专业词汇)EC
基础物理词汇英文版
基础物理词汇英文版集团标准化小组：[VVOPPT-JOPP28-JPPTL98-LOPPNN]基础物理词汇(英文版)力 force重力 gravity摩擦力 friction拉力 traction质量 mass惯量 Interia加速度 acceleration力矩 torque静止 at rest相对 relative能量 energy动能 kenetic energy势能 potential energy功 work动量 momentum角动量 angular momentum能量守恒 energy conservation保守力 conserved force振动 vibration振幅 amplitude波 wave驻波 standing wave震荡 oscillation相干波 coherent wave干涉 interference衍射 diffraction轨道 obital速度 velocity速率 speed大小 magnatitude方向 direction水平 horizental竖直 vertical相互垂直 perpendicular坐标 coordinate直角坐标系 cersian coordinate system极坐标系 polar coordinate system弹簧 spring球体 sphere环 loop圆柱形 cylinder电子 electron电荷charge电流 current电场 electric field电通量 electric flux电势electirc potential导体 conductor电介质 dieletric绝缘体 insultalor电阻 resistor电阻率 resistivity电容capacitor无穷 infinite横截面 cross ection匀强电场 uniform electric field 分布 ditribution磁场 magnetic field磁通量 magnetic flux电感 inductance变压器 transformer频率 frequency周期 period电磁波 electomagnetic wave平面 plane热平衡 thermal equilibrium理想气体 ideal gas热能 thermal energy热量 heat热容 heat capacity外界 surrounding准静态过程 quasi-static process 等体过程 isochoric process等压过程 isobaric process等温过程 isothermal process绝热过程 adiabatic process循环 cycle光 light光程 optical path光强度 light intensity偏振 polarization波长 wave length传播 propagation光子 photon光电效应 photo-electric effect物质波 matter wave光谱 spectrum激光 laser衰减 decay辐射 radiation械振动 mechanical vibration简谐振动 simple harmonic oscillation 振幅 amplitude周期 period频率 ferquency赫兹 hertz单摆 simple pendulum受迫振动 forced vibration。
九年级物理上册复习资料(精选)
卢瑟福原子模型第十二章《运动和力》一、运动的描述1、运动是宇宙中最普遍的现象，物理学里把物体位置变化叫做机械运动。
匀速直线运动是最简单的机械运动。
2、任何物体都可做参照物，应根据需要选择合适的参照物（不能选被研究的物体作参照物）。
研究地面上物体的运动情况时，通常选地面为参照物。
选定参照物后，只看有没有位置的变化。
．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．同一个物体是运动还是静止取决于所选的参照物，这就是运动和静止的相对性。
二、运动的快慢1、物体运动的快慢用速度表示。
在相同时间内，物体经过的路程越长，它的速度就越快；物体经过相同的路程，所花的时间越短，速度越快。
四、杠杆1、一根硬棒，在力的作用下能绕着固定点转动，这根硬棒就是杠杆。
支点——杠杆绕着转动的点。
动力——使杠杆转动的力。
阻力——阻碍杠杆转动的力。
动力臂——从支点到动力作用线的距离。
阻力臂——从支点到阻力作用线的距离。
当杠杆在动力和阻力作用下静止不转或匀速转动时，我们就说杠杆平衡了。
2、杠杆的平衡条件：动力×动力臂=阻力×阻力臂或F1L1=F2L23、杠杆的应用省力杠杆：L1﹥L2 F1﹥F2省力费距离；费力杠杆：L1﹤L2 F1﹤F2费力省距离；等臂杠杆：L1= L2 F1= F2 不省力、不省距离，能改变力的方向。
等臂杠杆的具体应用：天平。
许多称质量的秤，如杆秤、案秤，都是根据杠杆原理制成的。
五、其他简单机械1、定滑轮和动滑轮：定滑轮在使用时，轴固定不动；动滑轮在使用时，轴随物体一起运动。
定滑轮实质是个等臂杠杆,故定滑轮不省力,但它可以改变力的方向；动滑轮实质是动力臂为阻力臂二倍的杠杆,故动滑轮能省一半力,但不能改变力的方向。
2、滑轮组：把定滑轮和动滑轮组合在一起，就组成滑轮组。
使用滑轮组时，滑轮组用几段绳子吊着重物，提起重物所用的力就是物体重的几分之一。
且物体升高“h”，则拉力作用点移动“nh”，其中“n”为绳子的段数。
初三物理知识点内能
内能【知识梳理】一、分子动理论及其应用：1、物质是由分子组成的。
分子若看成球型，其直径以10-10m 来度量。
2、一切物体的分子都在不停地做无规则的运动①扩散：不同物质在相互接触时，彼此进入对方的现象。
②扩散现象说明：A 分子之间有间隙。
B 分子在做不停的无规则的运动。
③装置下面放二氧化氮这样做的目的是：防止二氧化氮扩散被误认为是重力作用的结果。
实验现象：两瓶气体混合在一起颜色变得均匀，结论：气体分子在不停地运动。
④固、液、气都可扩散，扩散速度与温度有关。
⑤分子运动与物体运动要区分开：扩散、蒸发等是分子运动的结果，而飞扬的灰尘，液、气体对流是物体运动的结果。
3、分子间有相互作用的引力和斥力。
①当分子间的距离ｄ＝分子间平衡距离 r ，引力＝斥力。
②ｄ＜ｒ时，引力＜斥力，斥力起主要作用，固体和液体很难被压缩是因为：分子之间的斥力起主要作用。
③ｄ＞ｒ时，引力＞斥力，引力起主要作用。
图2-4说明：分子之间存在引力 固体很难被拉断，钢笔写字，胶水粘东西都是因为分子之间引力起主要作用。
④当ｄ＞10ｒ时，分子之间作用力十分微弱，可忽略不计。
破镜不能重圆的原因是：镜块间的距离远大于分子之间的作用力的作用范围，镜子不能因分子间作用力而结合在一起。
二、内能的初步概念：热和能 1．2． 3．是分子 和．定义：．单位： ．计算： ．种类：1、内能：物体内部所有分子做无规则运动的动能和分子势能的总和，叫做物体的内能。
2、物体在任何情况下都有内能：既然物体内部分子永不停息地运动着和分子之间存在着相互作用，那么内能是无条件的存在着。
无论是高温的铁水，还是寒冷的冰块。
3、影响物体内能大小的因素：①温度：在物体的质量，材料、状态相同时，温度越高物体内能越大。
②质量：在物体的温度、材料、状态相同时，物体的质量越大，物体的内能越大。
③材料：在温度、质量和状态相同时，物体的材料不同，物体的内能可能不同。
④存在状态：在物体的温度、材料质量相同时，物体存在的状态不同时，物体的内能也可能不同。
八年级上册物理透镜知识点
一、透镜1.凸透镜和凹透镜凸透镜：中间厚边缘薄的透镜（远视眼镜、老花镜）凹透镜：中间薄边缘厚的透镜（近视镜）一般透镜的两个表面中至少有一个表面是球面的一部分。
如果透镜的厚度远小于球面的半径，这种透镜就叫做薄透镜。
我们只研究薄透镜。
2.基本概念：主光轴：组成透镜的两个球面的球心连线。
光心：在主光轴上有一个特殊的点，通过它的光线传播方向不变。
可以认为薄透镜的光心就在透镜的中心。
3.透镜对光的作用①凸透镜对光线起会聚作用，因此凸透镜也叫会聚透镜。
焦点：平行于主光轴的光线通过凸透镜后会聚于主光轴上的一点，这个点叫做凸透镜的焦点（F）。
凸透镜有2个实焦点。
焦距：焦点到凸透镜光心的距离叫做焦距( f )。
两边的焦距相等。
凸透镜的焦距越小，透镜对光的会聚作用越强。
②凹透镜对光线起发散作用，因此凹透镜也叫发散透镜。
虚焦点：平行于主光轴的光线通过凹透镜后发散，发散光线的反向延长线相交于主光轴上，它不是实际光线的会聚点，叫虚焦点(F)。
凹透镜有2个虚焦点。
4. 光学中“会聚”和“发散”的含义。
折射后的光线相对于原来的方向靠近了主光轴，叫“会聚”。
折射后的光线相对于原来的方向远离了主光轴，叫“发散”。
5. 三条特殊光线6. 三棱镜对光线的作用通过三棱镜的光线经三棱镜两次折射后向三棱镜底边偏折。
凸透镜和凹透镜都可看做是三棱镜的组合。
7. 如何测凸透镜的焦距平行光会聚法测焦距：将凸透镜正对着太阳光，在透镜的另一侧放张白纸，改变透镜和白纸间的距离，直到在白纸上找到一个最小最亮的光斑，用刻度尺量出光斑到透镜的距离即为焦距。
扩展：空心透镜二、凸透镜成像规律1. 实验器材：光具座、蜡烛、火柴、凸透镜、光屏2. 实验步骤：a.将凸透镜固定在光具座的中央，蜡烛和光屏在凸透镜的两侧，使烛焰、透镜、光屏的中心在同一高度（为了使像成在光屏中央）b.将蜡烛放在离凸透镜尽量远的位置，点燃蜡烛c.移动光屏，直到光屏上出现清晰的烛焰的像为止d.记录下蜡烛到凸透镜的距离、像到凸透镜的距离、像的大小和正倒e.将蜡烛向凸透镜移近一段距离，重复上述操作，直到不能在屏上得到烛焰的像f.继续把蜡烛向凸透镜靠近，试着用眼睛观察像在何处，像是怎样的？3. 凸透镜成像规律应用照相机测焦距投影仪（幻灯机）放大镜★记忆口诀实像异，虚像同。
半导体物理学__基本概念
半导体物理学基本概念有效质量-----载流子在晶体中的表观质量，它体现了周期场对电子运动的影响。
其物理意义：1）有效质量的大小仍然是惯性大小的量度；2）有效质量反映了电子在晶格与外场之间能量和动量的传递，因此可正可负。
空穴-----是一种准粒子，代表半导体近满带（价带）中的少量空态，相当于具有正的电子电荷和正的有效质量的粒子，描述了近满带中大量电子的运动行为。
回旋共振----半导体中的电子在恒定磁场中受洛仑兹力作用将作回旋运动，此时在半导体上再加垂直于磁场的交变磁场，当交变磁场的频率等于电子的回旋频率时，发生强烈的共振吸收现象，称为回旋共振。
施主-----在半导体中起施予电子作用的杂质。
受主-----在半导体中起接受电子作用的杂质。
杂质电离能-----使中性施主杂质束缚的电子电离或使中性受主杂质束缚的空穴电离所需要的能量。
n-型半导体------以电子为主要载流子的半导体。
p-型半导体------以空穴为主要载流子的半导体。
浅能级杂质------杂质能级位于半导体禁带中靠近导带底或价带顶，即杂质电离能很低的杂质。
浅能级杂质对半导体的导电性质有较大的影响。
深能级杂质-------杂质能级位于半导体禁带中远离导带底（施主）或价带顶（受主），即杂质电离能很大的杂质。
深能级杂质对半导体导电性质影响较小，但对半导体中非平衡载流子的复合过程有重要作用。
位于半导体禁带中央能级附近的深能级杂质是有效的复合中心。
杂质补偿-----在半导体中同时存在施主和受主杂质时，存在杂质补偿现象，即施主杂质束缚的电子优先填充受主能级，实际的有效杂质浓度为补偿后的杂质浓度，即两者之差。
直接带隙-----半导体的导带底和价带顶位于k空间同一位置时称为直接带隙。
直接带隙材料中载流子跃迁几率较大。
间接带隙-----半导体的导带底和价带顶位于k空间不同位置时称为间接带隙。
间接带隙材料中载流子跃迁时需有声子参与，跃迁几率较小。
平衡状态与非平衡状态-----半导体处于热平衡态时，载流子遵从平衡态分布，电子和空穴具有统一的费米能级。
高中物理知识点总结完整版(鲁科版)
一、质点的运动（1）------直线运动1）匀变速直线运动1.平均速度V平＝s/t（定义式）2.有用推论Vt2-Vo2＝2as3.中间时刻速度Vt/2＝V平＝(Vt+Vo)/24.末速度Vt＝Vo+at5.中间位置速度Vs/2＝[(Vo2+Vt2)/2]1/26.位移s＝V平t＝Vot+at2/2＝Vt/2t7.加速度a＝(Vt-Vo)/t ｛以Vo为正方向，a与Vo同向(加速)a>0；反向则a<0｝8.实验用推论Δs＝aT2 ｛Δs为连续相邻相等时间(T)内位移之差｝9.主要物理量及单位:初速度(Vo):m/s；加速度(a):m/s2；末速度(Vt):m/s；时间(t)秒(s)；位移(s):米（m）；路程:米；速度单位换算：1m/s=3.6km/h。
注：(1)平均速度是矢量;(2)物体速度大,加速度不一定大;(3)a=(Vt-Vo)/t只是量度式，不是决定式;(4)其它相关内容：质点、位移和路程、参考系、时间与时刻〔见第一册P19〕/s--t 图、v--t图/速度与速率、瞬时速度〔见第一册P24〕。
2)自由落体运动1.初速度Vo＝02.末速度Vt＝gt3.下落高度h＝gt2/2（从Vo位置向下计算）4.推论Vt2＝2gh注:(1)自由落体运动是初速度为零的匀加速直线运动，遵循匀变速直线运动规律；(2)a＝g＝9.8m/s2≈10m/s2（重力加速度在赤道附近较小,在高山处比平地小，方向竖直向下）。
（3)竖直上抛运动1.位移s＝Vot-gt2/22.末速度Vt＝Vo-gt （g=9.8m/s2≈10m/s2）3.有用推论Vt2-Vo2＝-2gs4.上升最大高度Hm＝Vo2/2g(抛出点算起）5.往返时间t＝2Vo/g （从抛出落回原位置的时间）注:(1)全过程处理:是匀减速直线运动，以向上为正方向，加速度取负值；(2)分段处理：向上为匀减速直线运动，向下为自由落体运动，具有对称性；(3)上升与下落过程具有对称性,如在同点速度等值反向等。
(完整word版)材料物理复习题
名词解释1。
磁晶的各向异性：单晶体的磁性各向异性2。
自发磁化:铁磁性材料在没有外加H时，原子磁矩趋于同向排列，而发生的磁化3。
磁畴：铁磁质自发磁化成的若干个小区域4、第一类超导体：大多数纯金属超导体,在超导态下磁通从超导体中全部逐出，具有完全的迈斯纳效应（完全的抗磁性)。
5。
压电体：当挤压或拉伸时，两端能产生不同的电荷的晶体6、马基申定律：ρ＝ρ（T）＋ρ残7.铁电畴：铁电体中自发极化方向相同的区域8。
自发极化：在一定温度范围内、单位晶胞内正负电荷中心不重合，形成偶极矩，呈现象极性。
这种在无外电场作用下存在的极化现象称为自发极化9.激子：空穴带正电，电子带负电，它们之间的库仑吸引互作用在一定的条件下会使它们在空间上束缚在一起，这样形成的复合体称为激子。
10。
激光:11。
磁致伸缩材料：具有磁致伸缩特性的材料。
磁性伸缩铁磁体在磁场中磁化时,其尺寸或体积发生变化的现象.12。
剩余磁感性强度:当对磁体施加完一个磁场以后,产生磁通密度。
但是把磁场去掉以后，磁通密度并不会减小到0,出现剩余磁场，此为剩余磁通密度。
13.磁弹性能：当铁磁体存在应力时，磁致伸缩要与应力相互作用，与此有关的能量14、反铁电体：在一定温度范围内相邻离子联线上的偶极子呈反平行排列,宏观上自发极化强度为零,无电滞回线的材料，称为反铁电体。
15、铁电畴：在一个小区域内，各晶胞的自发极化方向都相同，这个小区域称为铁电畴16、电介质的击穿：一般外电场不太强时，电介质只被极化，不影响其绝缘性能.当其处在很强的外电场中时，电介质分子的正负电荷中心被拉开，甚至脱离约束而成为自由电荷，电介质变为导电材料.当施加在电介质上的电压增大到一定值时，使电介质失去绝缘性的现象称为击穿17、第二类超导体:铌、钒及其合金中，允许部分磁通透入,仍保留超导电性.存在两个临界磁场，较低的Hc1和较高的Hc2.18、热释电体:对于具有自发式极化的晶体，当晶体受热或受冷后，由于ΔT而导致自发式极化强度变化（ΔPS),从而在晶体的一定方向上产生表面极化电荷的现象称为“热释电效应”.具有热释电效应的材料称为热释电体。
九年级物理全一册内容归纳总结
九年级物理全一册内容归纳总结电路知识点(1)电流：导体中的自由电荷在电场力的作用下做有规则的定向运动就形成了电流。
(2)电流方向：正电荷定向流动的方向为电流方向。
(3)导体：是指电阻率很小且易于传导电流的物质。
容易导电的物体叫导体。
(4)绝缘体：不善于传导电流的物质称为绝缘体。
(5)电路：由金属导线和电气、电子部件组成的导电回路，称为电路。
(6)电路由电源、开关、连接导线和用电器四大部分组成。
(7)串联：串联是连接电路元件的基本方式之一。
将电路元件(如电阻、电容、电感,用电器等)逐个顺次首尾相连接，将各用电器串联起来组成的电路叫串联电路。
优点：在一个电路中，若想通过一个开关控制所有电器，即可使用串联的电路;缺点：只要有某一处断开，整个电路就成为断路。
即所相串联的电子元件不能正常工作。
(8)并联：并联电路是使在构成并联的电路元件间电流有一条以上的相互独立通路。
特点：用电器之间互不影响。
一条支路上的用电器损坏，其他支路不受影响。
电压知识点(1)电压也称作电势差或电位差，是衡量单位电荷在静电场中由于电势不同所产生的能量差的物理量。
(2)电压表电压表，测电压，电路符号圈中V.测谁电压跟谁并(联)，“+”进“-”出勿接反。
(3)常见电压值电视信号在天线上感应的电压约0.1mV维持人体生物电流的电压约1.2mV碱性电池标称电压1.5V电子手表用氧化银电池两极间的电压1.5V一节铅蓄电池电压2V手持移动电话的电池两极间的电压3.7V对人体安全的电压一般不高于36V家庭电路的电压220V电磁的知识点(1)磁性：磁铁能吸引铁、钴、镍等物质的性质(吸铁性)。
(2)磁体：定义：具有磁性的物质。
分类：永磁体分为天然磁体、人造磁体。
(3)磁极：定义：磁体上磁性最强的部分叫磁极(磁体两端最强中间最弱)。
种类：水平面自由转动的磁体,指南的磁极叫南极(S),指北的磁极叫北极(N)。
作用规律：同名磁极相互排斥,异名磁极相互吸引。
百度百科物理
百度百科物理物理，亦称为自然哲学，是一门探究自然界基本规律的科学学科。
它研究物质和能量之间的相互关系，以及它们在时空中的运动和相互作用。
物理学的研究范围广泛，包括宏观物体的运动、微观粒子的行为、能量的传递和转化等等。
百度百科是以互联网为基础的中文百科全书，收录了大量的物理学相关知识。
在百度百科物理词条中，用户可以了解到各个物理学分支、物理学史、物理学家、重要理论和实验等内容。
下面将以这些方面为主线，进一步介绍百度百科物理的内容。
一、物理学分支物理学是一个包罗万象的学科，根据研究对象和方法的不同，可以划分为多个分支。
在百度百科物理中，我们可以找到这些分支的详细介绍。
比如力学，它研究物体之间的力的作用和运动规律；热学，研究热和温度的相关现象；光学，研究光的传播和光学器件的性质等等。
这些分支在百度百科物理中都有相应的词条，可以让用户深入了解每个分支的研究内容和应用领域。
二、物理学史物理学作为一门科学学科，有着悠久的发展历史。
从古代的自然哲学思考，到现代的理论实验研究，物理学史见证了人类对自然规律认识的不断深化。
在百度百科物理中，我们可以了解到著名的物理学家和他们所做出的贡献。
例如，牛顿的力学定律和万有引力定律，爱因斯坦的相对论，这些理论的诞生对物理学的发展产生了巨大的影响。
通过学习物理学史，我们可以更好地理解现代物理学的基石和发展脉络。
三、物理学家百度百科物理提供了丰富的物理学家词条，介绍了各个时期、不同国家的物理学家。
他们在物理学领域的研究成果和贡献，为我们了解物理学发展历程提供了有力的支持。
包括有名的物理学家如爱因斯坦、居里夫人、费米等等。
在物理学家的词条中，我们可以了解到他们的生平事迹、学术成就和对物理学领域的影响。
四、重要理论和实验在百度百科物理中，我们可以找到许多重要的物理学理论和实验的介绍。
理论是物理学发展的核心，实验是验证和推进理论的重要手段。
比如量子力学的产生和发展，黑洞理论的研究，这些理论以及与之相关的重要实验都在百度百科物理中有所介绍。
物理专业 词汇V
virtual molecular orbital 虚分子轨函数
virtual particle 虚粒子
virtual process 虚过程
virtual source 虚象源
virtual state 虚态
virtual temperature 虚温度
vibration rotation band 转动振动光谱带
vibration rotation interaction 振动转动相互酌
vibration rotation spectrum 振动转动谱
vibration testing machine 振动测试机
vibrational band 振动带
venturi tube 文杜里管
venus 金星
verdet constant 费尔德常数
vernal equinox 春分
vernal point 春分点
verneuil method 韦纳伊法
vertex detector 顶角探测器
vertical component 垂直分量
vapour density 汽密度
vapour pressure 蒸气压
vapour tension 蒸气压
varactor 变容二极管
variable 变数
variable capacitance diode 变容二极管
variable focus lens 变焦透镜
virial expansion 维里展开
virial theorem 维里定理
virtual cathode 虚阴极
基础物理词汇（英文版）
物理力 force重力 gravity摩擦力 friction拉力 traction质量 mass惯量 Interia加速度 acceleration力矩 torque静止 at rest相对 relative能量 energy动能 kenetic energy势能 potential energy 功 work动量 momentum角动量 angular momentum 能量守恒 energy conservation保守力 conserved force 振动 vibration 振幅 amplitude波 wave驻波 standing wave震荡 oscillation相干波 coherent wave干涉 interference衍射 diffraction轨道 obital速度 velocity速率 speed大小 magnatitude方向 direction水平 horizental竖直 vertical相互垂直 perpendicular坐标 coordinate直角坐标系 cersian coordinate system极坐标系 polar coordinate system弹簧 spring球体 sphere环 loop盘型 disc圆柱形 cylinder电学磁学：电子 electron电荷charge电流 current电场 electric field电通量 electric flux电势electirc potential导体 conductor电介质 dieletric绝缘体 insultalor电阻 resistor电阻率 resistivity电容capacitor无穷 infinite横截面 cross ection匀强电场 uniform electric field分布 ditribution 磁场 magnetic field磁通量 magnetic flux电感 inductance变压器 transformer频率 frequency周期 period电磁波 electomagnetic wave 平面 plane热学：热平衡 thermal equilibrium 理想气体 ideal gas热能 thermal energy热量 heat热容 heat capacity外界 surrounding准静态过程 quasi-static process这几个比较容易搞混我就经常搞混等体过程 isochoric process 等压过程 isobaric process 等温过程 isothermal process绝热过程 adiabatic process 循环 cycle光学光 light光程 optical path光强度 light intensity偏振 polarization波长 wave length传播 propagation量子力学（高中好像讲了一点点）原子 atomic光子 photon光电效应 photo-electric effect 物质波 matter wave光谱 spectrum激光 laser衰减 decay辐射 radiation械振动 mechanical vibration简谐振动 simple harmonic oscillation振幅 amplitude周期 period频率 ferquency赫兹 hertz单摆 simple pendulum受迫振动 forced vibration 共振 resonnance机械波 mechanical wave介质 medium横波 transverse wave纵波 longitudinal wave波长 wavelength超声波 supersonic wave阿伏加德罗常数 Avogadro constant布朗运动 Brown mation热运动 thermal motion热力学能 thermal energy内能 internal energy热力学第一定律 first law of thermodynamics能量守恒定律 law of conservation of energy热力学第二定律 second law of thermodynamics各向同性 isotropy各向异性 anisotropy单晶体 singlecrystal(monocrystal)多晶体 ploycrystal 表面张力 surface tension 毛细现象 capillarity液晶 liquid crystal电荷 electric charge电荷量 queantity df electricity正电荷 positive charg负电荷 negative charg库仑定律 Coulomb law静电感应 electrostatic induction感应电荷 inducde charge 元电荷 elementary charge 电荷守恒定律 law of conservation of charge库仑（电荷单位） coulomb 电场 electric fileld电场强度 electric field strength电场线 electric potential电势 electric potential 电势差/电压 electric potential difference伏特 volt电容 capacitance电容器 capacitor法拉（电容单位） farad电流 electric current安培（电流单位） ampere 电阻 resistance欧姆（电阻单位） ohm电动势 electormotive force(e.m.f.)半导体 semiconductor超导体 superconductor磁性 magnetism磁场 magnetic field磁感线 magnetic induction line安培定则 Ampere rule 安培力 Ampere force磁感应强度 magnetic induction左手定则 left-hand rule洛伦兹力 Lorentz force磁通量 magnetic flux电磁感应 elctromagnetic induction感应电流 induction current 感应电动势 induction electromotive force电磁感应定律 law of electromagnetic induction 右手定则 right-hand rule 自感 self-induction交流 alternating current 瞬时值 instantaneous value 峰值 peak value有效值 effective value电感 inductance变压器 transformer电能 electric energy电磁场 electromagnetic field电磁波 electromagnetic wave雷达 radar光线 light ray平行光 parallel light实象 real image虚象 virtual image折射 refaction入射角 incident angle反射角 reflection angle 折射角 diffraction angle 折射率 diffraction index 全反射 total reflection 临界角 critical angle光导纤维 optical fiber 棱镜 prism 色散 dispersion光谱 spectrum波的衍射 diffraction of wave波的干涉 interference of waves红外线 infrared ray紫外线 ultraviolet rayX射线 X-ray电磁波谱 electromagnetic effect光电效应 photoelectric effect光子 photon普朗克常数 Planck constant 波粒二象性 wave-particle duality概率波 probability wave物质波 matter wave激光 laser电子 electron质子 proton中子 neutron核子 nucleon同位数 isotope原子核 nucleus能级 energy level基态 ground state激发态 excited state跃迁 transition放射性 radioactivityα射线α rayβ射线β rayγ射线γ ray衰变 decay核反应 nuclear reaction 核能 nuclear energy质能方程 mass-energy equation裂变 fission链式反应 chain reaction 聚变 fusion 热核反应 thermonuclear reaction介子 meson轻子 lepton强子 hadron。
大学物理英语词汇
Chapter 1 Introduction（引言）§1.1 Space and Time（空间与时间）universe宇宙object物体measurement 测量kinematics运动学motion of objects 物体的运动mass point/particle质点center of mass 质心space and time 时空rotation 旋转subject研究的对象phenomena 现象intergalactic星系间的submicroscopic 亚微观的dimension尺度uniform均匀的isotropic各向同性的continuous连续的direction方向graininess 颗粒性location位置frame of reference 参考系specify确定、规定simultaneously 同时地inconsistent with与…不一致define/definition 定义platinum-iridium铂铱合金atomic standard 原子标准transition 跃迁meridian子午线general conference on weights and measures国际计量大会vacuum真空former standard of length米原器atomic energy level原子能级isotope cesium 铯同位素krypton 氪angstrom埃§1.2 Coordinate Systems and Frames of Reference（坐标系与参考系）frame of reference 参考系coordinate system坐标系rectangular Cartesian coordinates直角笛卡儿坐标系axis / axes (pl.)（坐标）轴origin坐标原点at rest静止dimension维mutually perpendicular 互相垂直intersection 交点§1.3 Idealized Models（理想模型）idealized model 理想模型simplified version简化方式neglect忽略particle质点air resistance 空气阻力vacuum真空in terms of 利用rigid body刚体insulator绝缘体§1.4 Vectors（矢量）vector矢量scalar标量magnitude大小velocity速度acceleration 加速度momentum动量proportional to正比于parallel平行position vector位置矢量§1.5 Properties of Vectors（矢量的特点）resultant/net vectoradditionsubtractionequivalenttranslatehead-to-tail methodparallelogram methoddiagonalcommutative lawscalar productdot productdistributive lawmultiplicationcross productvector productarearight-hand ruleparallelmultiplyfunctionsome variable§1.6 Components of a Vector（矢量的分量）component分量absolute value绝对值projection投影perpendicular 垂线rectangular component正交分量§1.7 Unit Vectors（单位矢量）unit vector单位矢量dimensionless 无量纲的unit magnitude单位大小respectively分别地Chapter 2 Kinematics: Motion in Two and Three Dimensions （运动学：二维与三维运动）§2.1 Kinematical Function of a Point（质点的运动函数）position vector位置矢量trigonometry 三角学§2.2 Displacement and Velocity（位移与速度）trajectory轨迹displacement vector位移矢量velocity速度ratio比值，比率straight line直线approach趋近、接近limit极限average velocity 平均速度instantaneous velocity瞬时速度slope斜率chord弦limiting process 求极限过程curved path弯曲路径derivative导数magnitude and direction大小和方向speed速率scalar components标量分量limiting value极限值limiting process 求极限过程tangent相切、切线change增量、改变量differential n.微分differentiate v. 微分、求导integrate v.积分integration n.积分coefficient系数module (矢量的)模successively 连续地square root 平方根§2.3 Acceleration（加速度）acceleration 加速度average acceleration 平均加速度instantaneous acceleration 瞬时加速度second derivative二阶导数positive正的negative负的respectively 分别地one-dimensional motion一维运动uniform circular motion匀速圆周运动projectile motion抛体运动§2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration（匀加速运动）无§2.5 Linear Motion with Constant Acceleration（匀加速直线运动）linear线性的one-dimensional一维的corresponding对应的eliminate消去freely falling bodies自由落体air resistance 空气阻力acceleration due to gravity 重力加速度altitude高度vertical direction 竖直方向negative sign 负号latitude经度regardless of与.无关maximum value最大值minimum value最小值§2.6 Projectile Motion （抛体运动）projectile抛体trajectory轨迹assumption 假设negligible可忽略的rotation 转动air friction 空气摩擦parabola抛物线parabolic trajectory 抛物线轨迹initial初始的horizontal水平的independent 独立的superposition叠加flight time飞行时间horizontal range射程maximum height最大高度horizontal surface水平面a body projected horizontally平抛物体vertical竖直的firing angle抛射角§2.7 Circular Motion（圆周运动）circular motion 圆周运动uniform circular motion匀速圆周运动circular motion with varying speed变速圆周运动centripetal向心的arc length 弧长angular displacement 角位移instantaneous angular velocity（瞬时）角速度radian(s) 弧度dimensional有量纲的counterclockwise 逆时针clockwise顺时针circle圆center of a circle圆心vectorially矢量地angular acceleration 角加速度tangential acceleration 切向加速度center-seeking 向心resolve （矢量）分解centripetal acceleration 向心加速度normal acceleration 法向加速度perpendicular to垂直于radial径向的radius半径§2.8 Relative Motion（相对运动）relative velocity相对速度relative acceleration 相对加速度observer观察者outcome结果measurement 测量stationary 静止的differentiate求微分Galilean transformation equation伽利略变换valid有效的special theory of relativity狭义相对论as it turns out结果是relative to相对于heading due north头朝北right triangle直角三角形upstream逆流hypotenuse直角三角形的斜边Chapter 3 Newton’s Laws of Motion（牛顿运动定律）§3.1 Newton’s First Law（牛顿第一定律）at rest静止net external force/ resultant force合外力inertial frame of reference 惯性参考系inertia惯性act on = exert（力）作用于approximation近似inertial mass 惯性质量interact (n. interaction)相互作用resultant external force合外力momentum动量unless stated otherwise 除非另有说明§3.2 Newton’s Second Law（牛顿第二定律）nonzero非零的mass质量momentum动量rate of change变化率directly proportional to正比于inversely proportional to反比于§3.3 Newton’s Third Law（牛顿第三定律）interact相互作用opposite相反、相对isolated 孤立的action force 作用力reaction force反作用力§3.4 Applications of Newton’s Laws（牛顿运动定律的应用）tension 张力diagram示意图isolate 隔离free-body diagram受力图unknown未知量Atwood’s Machine阿特伍德机light string轻绳vertically 竖直地frictionless 无摩擦的incline斜面pulley滑轮balanced平衡的block 木块、滑块wedge楔、斜铁plane 平面horizontal surface水平面§3.5 International Units and Dimensions（国际单位制与量纲）physical quantity物理量fundamental unit基本单位universally普遍scientific community科学界luminous intensity光强度abbreviation缩写lowercase小写的uppercase大写的rectangle矩形§3.6 Introduction to Some Common Forces（几种常见力）electromagnetic电磁的lean against 倚靠compress 压mattress spring 床垫弹簧normal force 法向力、支持力stiffness倔强性stretch 拉伸frictional force / force of friction 摩擦力viscous medium粘滞媒质（介质）resistance 阻力force of static friction 静摩擦力maximum force of static friction最大静摩擦力is proportional to正比于proportionality constant比例常数coefficient of static friction 静摩擦系数coefficient of kinetic friction 滑动摩擦系数variation变化§3.7 The Four Fundamental Forces（四种基本力）gravitational force 引力universal gravitational constant万有引力常数electromagnetic force电磁力bind约束Coulomb’s law库仑定律charged particle带电粒子strong nuclear force 强力hydrogen氢nucleus (pl. nuclei or nucleuses)原子核neutron 中子proton质子counteract抵抗repulsive排斥的strength强度weak nuclear force弱力short-range force 短程力radioactivity放射性radioactive decay 放射性衰变nucleons核子massless 无质量的action at a distance远程作用hypothesis 假设field场Chapter 4Linear Momentum and Angular Momentum （动量与角动量）§4.1 Linear Momentum and Impulse（动量与冲量）(linear) momentum动量impulse 冲量impulse-momentum theorem动量定理time-average force 平均冲力§4.2 Impulse-momentum Theorem for Particles System（质点系的动量定理）particles system 质点系internal forces 内力external forces 外力§4.3 Conservation of Linear Momentum（动量守恒定律）momenta（pl.）动量§4.4 Center of Mass（质心）vector notation矢量表示continuous object连续物体element of mass 质元§4.5 Motion of the Center of Mass（质心的运动）conserved 守恒的isolated system 孤立系统§4.6 Angular Momentum of a Particle（质点的角动量）conserved 守恒的isolated system 孤立系统§4.7 Conservation Law of Angular Momentum（角动量守恒定律）Kepler 开普勒ellipse椭圆Chapter 6 Rotation of a Rigid Body about a Fixed Axis （刚体的定轴转动）§6.1 Motion of a Rigid Body（刚体的运动）rigid body刚体parallelogram rule 平行四边形法则translation 平动an extended body 空间实体rotation 转动nondeformable 不变形的resultant motion 合运动parallel平行fixed axis 固定轴counterclockwise motion 逆时针运动angular acceleration 角加速度clockwise motion顺时针运动separation 间隔translation 平动angular velocity 角速度trajectory 轨迹§6.2 Law of Rotation of a Rigid Body about a Fixed Axis（刚体定轴转动定律）moment of inertia 转动惯量rotation axis 旋转轴torque 力矩proportionality constant比例常数element of mass 质元line of action of force 力的作用线analogue 类似；相似perpendicular distance垂直距离distribution of mass 质量分布pivot about 围绕…旋转；以…为轴旋转moment arm 力臂is proportional to与…成正比§6.3 Calculation of Moments of Inertia for Rigid Bodies（转动惯量的计算）an extended body 延续实体hoop圆环spherical shell薄球壳solid sphere实心球spherical cavity球腔linear density线密度§6.4 Application of Law of Rotation of a Rigid Body about a FixedAxis（刚体定轴转动定律应用）orientation 方向；方位atwood’s machine伍德机brake制动器，刹车pedal踏板sprocket链轮齿bearing轴承pulley滑轮nonslip 无滑动§6.5 Conservation of Angular Momentum with Respect to the Fixed Axis（对定轴角动量守恒）resultant external torque合外力矩isolated隔离的valid 有效；适用pin 销；轴hapter 7Electric Fields of Stationary Electric Charges（静止电荷的电场）§7.1 Charge（电荷）Electricity电学magnetism磁学accelerator 加速器interatomic原子间的amber琥珀magnetite磁铁矿electrification充电magnet磁铁charge 电荷quantized量子化的quantization量子化proton质子electrically charged带电的charged body带电体conservation守恒uncharged不带电的§7.2 Coulomb’s Law（库仑定律）Coulomb’s Law库仑定律inversely proportional to相反地separating 分开的permittivity介电常数hydrogen氢opposite sign符号相反§7.3 The Electric Field（电场）electric field 电场test charge检验电荷distribution分布X-ray X-射线lightning闪电electronic电子的intermolecular分子间的rub摩擦magnesia氧化镁electromagnetism电磁学plastic rod塑料棒repel排斥attract 吸引suspend悬挂neutron中子electron电子neutral中性的integer整数integral multiple整数倍proportional to正比于square平方product乘积repulsive排斥Coulomb constant库仑常数superposition principle叠加原理electric field (intensity) 电场强度source charge场源电荷radio waves无线电波atmosphere大气thundercloud 雷雨云§7.4 Calculation of Electric Field（电场的计算）stationarydenominatorelectric dipoleelectric dipole momentspherically symmetriccontinuous charge distributioncharge elementstrategy静止的分母电偶极子电偶极矩球对称电荷连续分布元电荷策略bisector平分线manipulation处理linear charge density电荷线密度surface charge density 电荷面密度volume charge density电荷体密度ring charge带电圆环charged disk带电圆盘infinite plate of charge无限大带电平面§7.5 Electric Field Lines and Electric Flux（电场线和电通量）electric field lines电场线electric flux电通量infinity无穷远visualize形象化strength强度penetrate穿过qualitative定量的closed surface闭合曲面align排列thread线intersection 相交cross交叉§7.6 Gauss’s Law（高斯定理）Gauss’s law 高斯定理arbitrary shape 任意形状gaussian surface 高斯面electric flux电通量principle 原理practice实际§7.7 Application of Gauss’s Law（高斯定理的应用）algebraic代数的rearrange重新整理charge distribution电荷分布spherical symmetry 球对称cylindrical symmetry 柱对称plane symmetry 平面对称symmetric对称的spherical shell球壳infinite length无限长infinite plane无限大平面Chapter 8 Electric Potential（电势）§8.1 Conservativity of Electrostatic Field（静电场的保守性）line integral线积分conservative force field 保守力场closed path闭合路径conservative保守的circuital theorem for electrostatic field静电场环路定理§8.2 Potential Difference and Electric Potential（电势差和电势）potential difference电势差electric potential电势infinity无穷远electrostatic potential energy 静电势能volt伏特voltage电压electron volt电子伏特battery电池§8.3 Calculation of Electric Potential（电势的计算）equipotential surface等势面broken lines虚线semicircular半圆的insulating绝缘的infinite无限的dashed lines虚线extend延伸solid lines实线finite有限的arbitrary任意的function函数curved surface曲面§8.4 Electric Potential Gradient（电势梯度）gradient梯度notation符号potential Gradient电势梯度maximum最大值right angle 直角sketch勾画§8.5 Electrostatic Potential Energy（静电势能）electrostatic potential energy 静电势能vicinity附近Chapter 9 Conductor in Electrostatic Field（静电场中的导体）§9.1 Conductors in Electrostatic Equilibrium（导体的静电平衡）isolated conductor 孤立导体electrostatic equilibrium静电平衡equipotential body等势体radius of curvature曲率半径electrostatic shielding静电屏蔽neutralize电中和sharp point discharge尖端放电lightning rod 避雷针cosmic rays 宇宙射线lightning stroke雷击glow discharge 辉光放电ion离子corona discharge电晕放电shrink收缩cavity 空腔grounding接地curved surface 曲面conducting wire导线collision碰撞thunderstorm雷暴induced charge 感应电荷insert插入guarantee保证contradiction 矛盾§9.2 Calculation of Electrostatic Field with Conductors Nearby（有导体存在时静电场的分析与计算）conducting slab 导电板lateral area侧面uncharged conductor不带电导体edge effect边缘效应redistribute 重新分配external外部Chapter 10 Capacitors and Dielectrics in Electrostatic Field （电容器和静电场中的电介质）§10.1 Capacitance and Capacitors（电容和电容器）Leyden jar 莱顿瓶flash 闪光灯capacitance电容coaxial同轴的capacitor电容器coaxial cable同轴电缆parallel-plate capacitor 平行平板电容器concentric同心的cylindrical capacitor圆柱形电容器parallel combination 并联spherical capacitor 球形电容器series combination串联submultiple因数farad 法拉microfarad 微法拉picofarad 皮法拉rectify 调整inductance 自感应ignition 点火sparking打火花metallic金属(性)的combination联合、组合equivalent相当的§10.2 Dielectrics and Electric Field（电介质与电场）dielectric电介质relative dielectric constant 相对介电常数voltmeter 伏特计insulating绝缘的dielectric breakdown介质击穿dielectric strength介电强度§10.3 Polarization of Dielectrics（电介质的极化）polarize极化polar molecules极性分子polarization 极化nonpolar molecules非极性分子induced dipole moments 感应电矩permanent electric dipole moments 固有电矩surface charge表面电荷align排成一线orient取向bound charge束缚电荷homogeneous 均匀的free charge 自由电荷microwave 微波oven 烤箱vibrate 振动tune 调整resonate 共振oscillate 振荡§10.4 Gauss’s Law for Electric Displacement Vector（高斯定律）electric displacement 电位移dielectric constant介电常数deliberately故意地the flux of D(r) D(r) 的通量permittivity电容率§10.5 Energy Stored in a Charged Capacitor（电容器的能量）transfer转移electrostatic potential energy 静电势能battery电池electrostatic field energy 静电场能increment 增量energy density能量密度transformation转化maximum operating voltage 最大工作电压terminal 终端deliver递送dissipate消散pathway路径Chapter 11 Magnetic Force (磁力)§11.1 Nature of Magnetic Force(磁力的本质)magnetite磁铁矿石bar magnet条形磁铁interaction 相互作用magnetic pole磁极electric current loops of molecules分子环形电流§11.2 Magnetic Field and Magnetic Field Vector(磁场和磁感应强度)magnetic field磁场magnetic field vector=magnetic induction =magnetic flux density磁感应强度magnetic force 磁场力Lorentz force 洛仑兹力B-line磁感(应)线magnetic flux磁通量tesla(T)特（斯拉）weber韦伯§11.3 Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field(带电粒子在磁场中的运动)cyclotron period回旋周期magnetic focusing磁聚焦helix螺旋线pitch螺距magnetic lens磁镜magnetic confinement 磁约束a magnetic bottle磁瓶the mass spectrometer 质谱仪schematic drawing示意图ion离子precision 精确度proton质子deuteron 氘核bombard 轰击cyclotron 加速器dees D型盒evacuate抽成真空shield屏蔽oscillate 振动plasma等离子体nuclear fusion核聚变Van Allen belts范阿仑辐射带§11.4 The Hall Effect(霍尔效应)the Hall voltage 霍尔电压the drift velocity漂移速度§11.5 Magnetic Force on a Current-carrying Conductor(载流导体在磁场中受力—安培力)current-carrying conductor/wire载流导体/导线current loop in a uniform magnetic field匀强磁场中的载流线圈linear element 线元current element vector 电流元矢量loop 环, 回路magnetic moment of a current loop载流线圈磁矩rectangular loop矩形回路a wire segment 一段导线strip 条；带Chapter 12 Source of Magnetic Field（磁场的源）§12.1 The Magnetic Field of Moving Point Charges（运动点电荷的磁场）permeability of free space真空磁导率§12.2 The Biot-Savart Law（毕奥-萨伐尔定律）the Biot-Savart Law毕奥-萨伐尔定律permeability of free space真空磁导率Gauss’law in magnetism磁场的高斯定律magnetic monopoles磁单极solenoid螺线管turn匝current-carrying wire 载流导线encircle环绕current element电流元diverge发散converge聚合magnetic pole磁极magnet磁铁magnetic flux磁通量§12.3 Ampere Circuital Theorem （安培环路定理）penetrate穿过bounded by以…为边界finite point 有限点line integral线积分§12.4 Application of Ampere Circuital Theorem（安培环路定理的应用）current-carrying wire 载流导线circumference 周长cylindrical shell圆柱形壳toroid螺绕环inner radius 内径outer radius外径spherical conductor 球形导体§12.5 Magnetic Field due to Varying Electric Field（与变化的电场相联系的磁场）displacement current位移电流generalized Ampere’s Law广义安培环路定理conduction current传导电流magnetic monopole磁单级postulate假设total current全电流steady current恒定电流§12.6 The Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Current-carryingWires（平行电流间的相互作用力）antiparallel反平行Chapter 13 Magnetic Media in Magnetic Field（磁场中的磁介质）§13.1 Effect on Magnetic Field Caused by Magnetic Media（磁介质对磁场的影响）magnetic medium磁介质diamagnetic medium抗磁质paramagnetic medium顺磁质ferromagnetic material 铁磁质magnetic moment 磁矩paramagnetism 顺磁性partial alignment部分取向electron spin 电子自旋magnetic dipole 磁偶极子ferromagnetism 铁磁性diamagnetism抗磁性induced magnetic moment感生磁矩permanent magnetic moment固有磁矩§13.2 Atomic Magnetic Dipole Moments（原子磁矩）magnetization磁化atomic原子的magnetic dipole moment磁矩orbital magnetic moment 轨道磁矩quantum theory量子理论intrinsic spin angular momentum内禀自旋角动量§13.3 Magnetization（磁介质的磁化）magnetization n.磁化、磁化强度magnetize . 磁化atomic current loopamperian currentcross-sectional area分子环流v安培电流横截面积induced magnetic dipole moments感生磁矩surface magnetization current/ bound current面磁化电流(面束缚电流)applied magnetic field外加磁场magnetic susceptibility磁化率relative permeability相对磁导率bismuth 铋Bohr magneton玻尔磁子superconductor超导体emf电动势§13.4 Ferromagnetic Materials（铁磁质）iron铁cobalt钴nickel镍alloy 合金ferromagnetism 铁磁性magnetic domain磁畴critical temperature临界温度Curie temperature居里温度thermal agitation热扰动end effect边界效应magnetic saturation磁饱和reversible 可逆的magnetic hysteresis磁滞效应hysteresis loop 磁滞回线magnetization curve磁化曲线initial magnetization curve起始磁化曲线remnant magnetization剩磁coercive force矫顽力memory 记忆能力magnetize磁化demagnetize去磁，退磁transformer 变压器motor 电动机secondary coil副线圈cycle循环irreversible process 不可逆过程hard ferromagnetic materials硬磁性材料soft ferromagnetic materials软磁性材料hysteresis loss磁滞损耗（铁损）Curie point居里点permanent magnet永久磁体,magnetic tape磁带，memory unit记忆元件iron cores铁芯galvanometer 电流计rr§13.5 Circuital Theorem for H （H 的环路定理）magnetic intensity磁场强度magnetization current 磁化电流free current自由电流isotropic各向同性的permeability磁导率relative permeability相对磁导率Chapter 14 Electromagnetic Induction（电磁感应）§14.1 Faraday Law of Electromagnetic Induction（法拉第电磁感应定律）electromagnetic induction 电磁感应induction current感应电流emf (electromotive force) 电动势induction emf 感生电动势weber韦伯Lenz Law楞次定律polarity极性§14.2 Motional emf（动生电动势）motional emf 动生电动势§14.3 Induced emf and Induced Electric Field（感生电动势和感生电场）nonelectrostatic force非静电力induced emf 感生电动势induced electric field感生电场vortex field涡旋场eddy currents 涡流nonconservative field 非保守场time-varying field时变场alternate变化alternative 交流电的，交变的laminated叠片（组成）的§14.4 Mutual Induction（互感现象）mutual induction互感现象mutual inductance互感系数emf by mutual induction互感电动势orientation 方位§14.5 Self-induction（自感现象）self-induction自感现象self-inductance 自感系数inductor电感self-induced emf 自感电动势is proportional to正比于§14.6 Energy of Magnetic Field（磁场的能量）magnetic energy density磁场能量密度energy due to mutual induction互感磁能Chapter 15 Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves （麦克斯韦方程组组与电磁波波）§15-1 Maxwell’s Equations（麦克斯韦方程组）§15-2 Electromagnetic Waves（电磁波）propagation传播in phase同相、同步transverse waves横波wavelength波长visible spectrum可见光谱infrared waves 红外波radiation 辐射ultraviolet ray紫外线Poynging vector 坡印亭矢量§15-3 The Wave Equation for Electromagnetic Waves（电磁波的方程）wave function波函数wave equation波的方程wave number 波数angular frequency 角频率plane wave平面波Chapter 16 Temperature and the Kinetic Theory of Gases（温度与气体运动论）§16.1 Thermal Equilibrium and Temperature （热平衡及温度）temperature 温度hotness热coldness冷thermometric property热力学特性thermal contact热接触the average internal molecular kinetic energy 分子内平均动能thermal equilibrium热平衡electrical conductor 导电器the zeroth law of thermodynamics热力学第零定律temperature scale温标§16.2 The Celsius and Fahrenheit Temperature Scales（摄氏温标与华氏温标）thermometer温度计temperature scale温标the ice-point temperature冰点温度freezing point冰点steam-point沸点normal boiling point标准沸点the steam-point temperature 气化点温度the Celsius temperature scale摄氏温标the Fahrenheit temperature scale华氏温标§16.3 Gas Thermometers and the Absolute Temperature Scale（气体温度计和绝对温标）calibrate 校对、校准discrepancy差异volume 体积density密度sufficiently low 足够低sulfur硫a constant-volume gas thermometer等容气体温度计triple point of water 水的三相点ideal-gas temperature scale理想气体温标absolute temperature scale绝对温标nitrogen氮hydrogen氢oxygen氧recalibrate再校准extrapolate外推，向外延长triple point 三相点coexist共存helium氦liquefy液化in terms of 利用rigid body刚体insulator绝缘体Kelvin scale 开尔文温标§16.4 The Ideal-Gas Law（理想气体定律）Boyle’s law玻意耳定律constant volume 等体Boltzmann’s constant玻耳兹曼常量mole摩尔Avogadro’s number 阿伏伽德罗常量carbon atom碳原子universal gas constant普适气体常量ideal gas理想气体equation of state状态方程state variable状态参量standard condition标准条件subscript 下标§16.5 The Kinetic Theory of Gases（气体分子运动论）macroscopic state variable宏观状态变量microscopic quantity微观量walls of a container容器壁translational kinetic energy平动动能root mean square (rms) speed方均根速率order of magnitude量级piston活塞redistribute 再分布partition 分配equipartition theorem（能）均分定理classical statistical mechanics经典统计力学degree of freedom自由度monatomic 单原子的bond键diatomic 双原子的polyatomic 多原子的vibration振动mean free path平均自由程air current 气流convection 对流diffuse扩散reciprocal倒数frequency频率§16.6 Maxwell Speed Distribution Function（麦克斯韦速率分布函数）probability概率abscissa横坐标normalization condition 归一化条件most probable distribution最概然分布Chapter 17 Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics （热及热力学第一定律）§17.1 Heat Capacity and Specific Heat（热容与比热）atomist 原子学家thermal energy 热能manifestation 表现形式molecular motion 分子运动thermal contact热接触caloric a.热的n.热（质）internal energy 内能heat capacity热容量phase相heat conduction热传导calorie卡（路里）molar mass摩尔质量Law of conservation of energy能量守恒定律The first law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律be proportional to和…成正比molar specific heat摩尔比热solar heating system太阳能热系统coolant冷却液§17.2 Change of Phase and Latent Heat（相变与潜热）heat capacity热容量phase change相变vaporization汽化，蒸发fusion 熔化melting融化condensation 凝聚sublimation升华carbon dioxide二氧化碳crystalline a. 结晶的、晶状的n.结晶体average translational kinetic energy平均平动动能latent heat潜热§17.3 Joule’s Experiment（焦耳实验）thermally insulated绝热的mechanical equivalence of heat热功当量§17.4 The Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas（理想气体内能）internal energy 内能real gas实际气体§17.5 Work and the PV Diagram for a Gas（功与气体PV图）quasi-static process准静态过程piston活塞isobaric等压的isothermal 等温的§17.6 The First Law of Thermodynamics（热力学第一定律）§17.7 Heat Capacities of Gases（气体的热容）infinitesimal无穷小的§17.8 The Quasi-Static Adiabatic Process for an Ideal Gas（理想气体准静态绝热过程）compression 压缩Poisson formula 泊松公式process equations 过程方程§17.9 Kinds of Thermodynamic Processes（热力学过程的种类）Chapter 18 The Second Law of Thermodynamics（热力学第二定律）§18.1 Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics（热机与热力学第二定律）second law of thermodynamics 热力学第二定律Kelvin statement开尔文表述Clausius statement 克劳修斯表述heat engine热机working substance工质steam engine蒸汽机internal-combustion engine内燃机heat reservoir热库vaporize 汽化condenser冷凝器exhaust valve 排气阀combustion chamber 燃烧室intake stroke进气冲程ignite点燃spark plug火花塞power stroke做功冲程Otto cycle 奥拓循环efficiency of a heat engine热机的效率§18.2 Refrigerators and the Second Law of Thermodynamics（制冷机与热力学第二定律）§18.3 Equivalence of the Heat-Engine and Refrigerator Statements（开尔文表述与克劳修斯表述的等价性）§18.4 The Carnot Engine and Carnot Cycle（卡诺热机与卡诺循环）refrigeration cycle 制冷循环efficiency of positive cycle正循环的效率Carnot cycle 卡诺循环Carnot engine 卡诺热机expansion 膨胀compression压缩schematic diagram原理图、示意图friction摩擦reversible可逆的Carnot efficiency 卡诺效率irreversible 不可逆的dissipative force耗散力nonequilibrium state 非平衡态viscous force粘滞力§18.5 Degradation of Energy（能量的损失）§18.6 Irreversibility and Disorder（不可逆性与无序性）microscopic state微观状态macroscopic state宏观状态disorder无序性random motion无规则运动§18.7 Entropy（熵）Boltzmann entropy玻耳兹曼熵principle of entropy increase熵增加原理additivity of entropy熵的可加性statistical meaning 统计意义reversible process 可逆过程infinitesimal无穷小的function of state 状态函数§18.8 Entropy and Probability（熵与概率）microscopic state微观态macroscopic state宏观态spontaneously自发地evacuated 真空的Chapter 19 Oscillatory Motion（振动）§19.1 Description of Simple Harmonic Motion（简谐运动的描述）oscillation/ vibration振动oscillatory motion 振动simple harmonic motion (SHM)简谐运动Spring弹簧equilibrium position平衡位置period 周期frequency频率hertz(Hz)赫兹reciprocal倒数amplitude振幅phase相、位相、周相phase angle /(phase constant) 初相、初位相integer times 整数倍a variety of很多displacement 位移velocity速度acceleration 加速度substitute替换（代）disturb扰动trigonometric三角法的，据三角法的kinematics 运动学compensate补偿§19.2 Phasor and Phase（旋转矢量与振动的相）circular motion 圆周运动initial position初始位置angular displacement 角位移angular speed 角速度in phase同相antiphase /180°out of phase反相component分量projection投影§19.3 Dynamic Equation for Simple Harmonic Motion（简谐运动的动力学方程）force constant of a spring倔强系数restoring force 恢复力harmonic oscillator谐振子in phase同相derivative/differentiate 微商，导数substitute替换、替代damping减幅，衰减sustain 维持compensate补偿，修正stiffness坚硬，硬度pitch定调negative/minus 负，减dynamics 动力学§19.4 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion（简谐运动的实例）simple pendulum单摆physical pendulum物理摆/复摆pendulum bob摆锤pivot转动的轴moment of inertia转动惯量component分量torque扭矩，转矩§19.5 Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion（简谐运动的能量）§19.6 Combination of Simple Harmonic Motion（简谐运动的合成）combination 合成component分量periodically 周期性地triangle relation三角关系beat拍beat frequency 拍频§19.7 Damped Oscillations, Driven Oscillations and Resonance（阻尼振动受迫振动共振）damped oscillations阻尼振动overdamping过阻尼overdamped 过阻尼的underdamped欠阻尼的critical damping 临界阻尼nonoscillatory不摆动的，不波动的molasses 糖蜜critically damped 临界阻尼的driven oscillations受迫振动resonance共振natural angular frequency固有角频率natural period固有周期Chapter 20 Waves（波动）§20.1 Traveling Waves（行波）disturbance扰动propagate v.传播propagation n.传播medium媒质、媒介mechanical waves机械波。
物理才是最好的人生指南
01 什么是物理学？
当你知道该如何运用物理定律理解 旋转的齿轮和自转的行星后，还可 以进一步运用在个人生活中
在水上的物体可以教你如何创造个 人特有的浮力;动量守恒的碰撞实验， 提示你坚持留在正轨上的最佳办法
具有多种发展的可能性
物质本来就具有二重性。
理性 的人
每个物理问题，首先我们要分析物 理现象，然后找出现象背后满足的 物理规律是什么，接着我们按照满 足的物理规律建立关系式……使得 我们逐渐的养成了“按照客观规律” 做事的素养
客观 的人
智慧 的人
物理学的方法具有通用性，可以用在生活工作的方方面面。 有物理意识的人往往不自觉的把自己生活工作当做科学研究 的过程，而不是凭着别人和自己的经验或一时的想法来做事， 也不会跟在别人后边亦步亦趋。他们往往从第一性原理即最 本质的原理出发，或者从最基本的事实出发，来考虑问题。
物理学是一门实验科学
物理学是一门实验科学，也是一门崇尚理性、 重视逻辑推理的科学。
物理学是最迷人的科学
宇宙的指导原则，非物理学莫属: 运动、 能量、重力和熵等定律的的确确主宰 了一切，一点都不夸张。它们不但胜过其他 定律，还预示了其他活动。物理学迷人之处 就在于此——它牢牢掌控一切。
和物理站在同一阵线是件保证值得的事
3.简洁性
物理规律的数学语言， 体现了物理的简洁明 快性。如：牛顿第二 定律，爱因斯坦的质 能方程，法拉第电磁 感应定律。
03 物理学的六个特性
4.对称性
5.预测性
6.精巧性
对称一般指物体形状的对称性，深层 次的对称表现为事物发展变化或客观 规律的对称性。如：物理学中各种晶 体的空间点阵结构具有高度的对称性。 竖直上抛运动、简谐运动、波动镜像 对称、磁电对称、作用力与反作用力 对称、正粒子和反粒子、正物质和反 物质、正电和负电等。
80个常用物理英文词汇
80个常用物理词汇physical sciencen.物理科学optics光学acoustics声学mechanics力学，机械学dynamics动力学aerodynamicadj.气体动力的hydrodynamicsn.流体力学thermodynamics热力学optical光（学）的optic axisn.光轴dispersion色散lens透镜，镜片transparent透明translucent半透明opaque不透明的infrared microscope n.红外线显微镜spectral signaturen.光谱特征wavelengthsn.波长X-rayX光frequencyn.频率amplituden.振幅intensityn.强度medium (media)媒质echon.回声resonancen.共振；共鸣forcen.力inertian.惯性velocityn.速度accelerationn. 加速度gravityn.地心引力acceleration of gravity n.重力加速度conversation of energy n.能量守恒interactionn.交互作用；感应oppositen.对立物ration.比, 比率relativity相对test tuben.试管wattn.瓦特voltagen.电压electric chargen.电荷like chargesn. 同性电荷polen.磁极，电极negativeadj.负的positiveadj.正的direct current (DC)直流电alternating current (AC) 交流电electric circuit电路conductionn.传导conductorn.导体semiconductorn.半导体battery (cell)n.电池fluidn.流体；液体dilutionn.稀释distillationn.蒸馏gasifyv.气化test tuben.试管magnet磁体electromagnetism 电磁学objectn.物体massn.质量liquidn. 液体solidadj. 固体的；fractionn.小部分fragmentn.碎片propertyn.性质functionv.（机器、机制等）运行，发挥作用waterproofwatertight adj.防水的airborneadj.（可以通过）空气传播的transmitv.传送，传导magnetic forcen.磁力rotationn. 旋转；循环，轮流vibrationn.振动insulationn.绝缘，绝热Nobel Prizen. 诺贝尔奖principlen. 原理，原则equationn. 等式。
物理学英语专业词汇表
BET公式 BET formulaDLVO理论 DLVO theoryHLB法 hydrophile-lipophile balance methodpVT性质 pVT propertyζ电势 zeta potential阿伏加德罗常数 Avogadro’number阿伏加德罗定律 Avogadro law阿累尼乌斯电离理论 Arrhenius ionization theory阿累尼乌斯方程 Arrhenius equation阿累尼乌斯活化能 Arrhenius activation energy阿马格定律 Amagat law艾林方程 Erying equation爱因斯坦光化当量定律 Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence 爱因斯坦－斯托克斯方程 Einstein-Stokes equation安托万常数 Antoine constant安托万方程 Antoine equation盎萨格电导理论 Onsager’s theory of conductance半电池 half cell半衰期 half time period饱和液体 saturated liquids饱和蒸气 saturated vapor饱和吸附量 saturated extent of adsorption饱和蒸气压 saturated vapor pressure爆炸界限 explosion limits比表面功 specific surface work比表面吉布斯函数 specific surface Gibbs function比浓粘度 reduced viscosity标准电动势 standard electromotive force标准电极电势 standard electrode potential标准摩尔反应焓 standard molar reaction enthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数 standard Gibbs function of molar reaction 标准摩尔反应熵 standard molar reaction entropy标准摩尔焓函数 standard molar enthalpy function标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数 standard molar Gibbs free energy function 标准摩尔燃烧焓 standard molar combustion enthalpy标准摩尔熵 standard molar entropy标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation enthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数 standard molar formation Gibbs function标准平衡常数 standard equilibrium constant标准氢电极 standard hydrogen electrode标准态 standard state标准熵 standard entropy标准压力 standard pressure标准状况 standard condition表观活化能 apparent activation energy表观摩尔质量 apparent molecular weight表观迁移数 apparent transference number表面 surfaces表面过程控制 surface process control表面活性剂 surfactants表面吸附量 surface excess表面张力 surface tension表面质量作用定律 surface mass action law波义尔定律 Boyle law波义尔温度 Boyle temperature波义尔点 Boyle point第 1 页玻尔兹曼常数 Boltzmann constant玻尔兹曼分布 Boltzmann distribution玻尔兹曼公式 Boltzmann formula玻尔兹曼熵定理 Boltzmann entropy theorem玻色－爱因斯坦统计 Bose-Einstein statistics泊 Poise不可逆过程 irreversible process不可逆过程热力学 thermodynamics of irreversible processes不可逆相变化 irreversible phase change布朗运动 brownian movement查理定律 Charle’s law产率 yield敞开系统 open system超电势 over potential沉降 sedimentation沉降电势 sedimentation potential沉降平衡 sedimentation equilibrium触变 thixotropy粗分散系统 thick disperse system催化剂 catalyst单分子层吸附理论 mono molecule layer adsorption单分子反应 unimolecular reaction单链反应 straight chain reactions弹式量热计 bomb calorimeter道尔顿定律 Dalton law道尔顿分压定律 Dalton partial pressure law德拜和法尔肯哈根效应 Debye and Falkenhagen effect德拜立方公式 Debye cubic formula德拜－休克尔极限公式 Debye-Huckel’s limiting equation等焓过程 isenthalpic process等焓线 isenthalpic line等几率定理 theorem of equal probability等温等容位 Helmholtz free energy等温等压位 Gibbs free energy等温方程 equation at constant temperature低共熔点 eutectic point低共熔混合物 eutectic mixture低会溶点 lower consolute point低熔冰盐合晶 cryohydric第二类永动机 perpetual machine of the second kind第三定律熵 third-law entropy第一类永动机 perpetual machine of the first kind缔合化学吸附 association chemical adsorption电池常数 cell constant电池电动势 electromotive force of cells电池反应 cell reaction电导 conductance电导率 conductivity电动势的温度系数 temperature coefficient of electromotive force 电动电势 zeta potential电功 electric work电化学 electrochemistry电化学极化 electrochemical polarization电极电势 electrode potential电极反应 reactions on the electrode电极种类 type of electrodes第 2 页电解池 electrolytic cell电量计 coulometer电流效率 current efficiency电迁移 electro migration电迁移率 electromobility电渗 electroosmosis电渗析 electrodialysis电泳 electrophoresis丁达尔效应 Dyndall effect定容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under constant volume定容温度计 Constant voIume thermometer定压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under constant pressure定压温度计 constant pressure thermometer定域子系统 localized particle system动力学方程 kinetic equations动力学控制 kinetics control独立子系统 independent particle system对比摩尔体积 reduced mole volume对比体积 reduced volume对比温度 reduced temperature对比压力 reduced pressure对称数 symmetry number对行反应 reversible reactions对应状态原理 principle of corresponding state多方过程 polytropic process多分子层吸附理论 adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers 二级反应 second order reaction二级相变 second order phase change法拉第常数 faraday constant法拉第定律 Faraday’s law反电动势 back E.M.F.反渗透 reverse osmosis反应分子数 molecularity反应级数 reaction orders反应进度 extent of reaction反应热 heat of reaction反应速率 rate of reaction反应速率常数 constant of reaction rate范德华常数 van der Waals constant范德华方程 van der Waals equation范德华力 van der Waals force范德华气体 van der Waals gases范特霍夫方程 van’t Hoff equation范特霍夫规则 van’t Hoff rule范特霍夫渗透压公式 van’t Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 非基元反应 non-elementary reactions非体积功 non-volume work非依时计量学反应 time independent stoichiometric reactions 菲克扩散第一定律 Fick’s first law of diffusion沸点 boiling point沸点升高 elevation of boiling point费米－狄拉克统计 Fermi-Dirac statistics分布 distribution分布数 distribution numbers分解电压 decomposition voltage分配定律 distribution law第 3 页分散系统 disperse system分散相 dispersion phase分体积 partial volume分体积定律 partial volume law分压 partial pressure分压定律 partial pressure law分子反应力学 mechanics of molecular reactions分子间力 intermolecular force分子蒸馏 molecular distillation封闭系统 closed system附加压力 excess pressure弗罗因德利希吸附经验式 Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption 负极 negative pole负吸附 negative adsorption复合反应 composite reaction盖·吕萨克定律 Gay-Lussac law盖斯定律 Hess law甘汞电极 calomel electrode感胶离子序 lyotropic series杠杆规则 lever rule高分子溶液 macromolecular solution高会溶点 upper consolute point隔离法 the isolation method格罗塞斯－德雷珀定律 Grotthus-Draoer’s law隔离系统 isolated system根均方速率 root-mean-square speed功 work功函 work content共轭溶液 conjugate solution共沸温度 azeotropic temperature构型熵 configurational entropy孤立系统 isolated system固溶胶 solid sol固态混合物 solid solution固相线 solid phase line光反应 photoreaction光化学第二定律 the second law of actinochemistry光化学第一定律 the first law of actinochemistry光敏反应 photosensitized reactions光谱熵 spectrum entropy广度性质 extensive property广延量 extensive quantity广延性质 extensive property规定熵 stipulated entropy过饱和溶液 oversaturated solution过饱和蒸气 oversaturated vapor过程 process过渡状态理论 transition state theory过冷水 super-cooled water过冷液体 overcooled liquid过热液体 overheated liquid亥姆霍兹函数 Helmholtz function亥姆霍兹函数判据 Helmholtz function criterion亥姆霍兹自由能 Helmholtz free energy亥氏函数 Helmholtz function焓 enthalpy第 4 页亨利常数 Henry constant亨利定律 Henry law恒沸混合物 constant boiling mixture恒容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant volume恒容热 heat at constant volume恒外压 constant external pressure恒压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant pressure恒压热 heat at constant pressure化学动力学 chemical kinetics化学反应计量式 stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction化学反应计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction 化学反应进度 extent of chemical reaction化学亲合势 chemical affinity化学热力学 chemical thermodynamics化学势 chemical potential化学势判据 chemical potential criterion化学吸附 chemisorptions环境 environment环境熵变 entropy change in environment挥发度 volatility混合熵 entropy of mixing混合物 mixture活度 activity活化控制 activation control活化络合物理论 activated complex theory活化能 activation energy霍根-华森图 Hougen-Watson Chart基态能级 energy level at ground state基希霍夫公式 Kirchhoff formula基元反应 elementary reactions积分溶解热 integration heat of dissolution吉布斯－杜亥姆方程 Gibbs-Duhem equation吉布斯－亥姆霍兹方程 Gibbs-Helmhotz equation吉布斯函数 Gibbs function吉布斯函数判据 Gibbs function criterion吉布斯吸附公式 Gibbs adsorption formula吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy吉氏函数 Gibbs function极化电极电势 polarization potential of electrode极化曲线 polarization curves极化作用 polarization极限摩尔电导率 limiting molar conductivity几率因子 steric factor计量式 stoichiometric equation计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient价数规则 rule of valence简并度 degeneracy键焓 bond enthalpy胶冻 broth jelly胶核 colloidal nucleus胶凝作用 demulsification胶束 micelle胶体 colloid胶体分散系统 dispersion system of colloid胶体化学 collochemistry胶体粒子 colloidal particles第 5 页胶团 micelle焦耳 Joule焦耳-汤姆生实验 Joule-Thomson experiment焦耳-汤姆生系数 Joule-Thomson coefficient焦耳-汤姆生效应 Joule-Thomson effect焦耳定律 Joule`s law接触电势 contact potential接触角 contact angle节流过程 throttling process节流膨胀 throttling expansion节流膨胀系数 coefficient of throttling expansion结线 tie line结晶热 heat of crystallization解离化学吸附 dissociation chemical adsorption界面 interfaces界面张力 surface tension浸湿 immersion wetting浸湿功 immersion wetting work精馏 rectify聚（合）电解质 polyelectrolyte聚沉 coagulation聚沉值 coagulation value绝对反应速率理论 absolute reaction rate theory绝对熵 absolute entropy绝对温标 absolute temperature scale绝热过程 adiabatic process绝热量热计 adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数 adiabatic index卡诺定理 Carnot theorem卡诺循环 Carnot cycle开尔文公式 Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律 Konovalov-Gibbs law科尔劳施离子独立运动定律 Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions 可能的电解质 potential electrolyte可逆电池 reversible cell可逆过程 reversible process可逆过程方程 reversible process equation可逆体积功 reversible volume work可逆相变 reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程 Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式 Clausius inequality克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程 Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤 control step库仑计 coulometer扩散控制 diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程 Laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律 Raoult law兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理 Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式 Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式 Rayleigh equation冷冻系数 coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线 cooling curve离解热 heat of dissociation离解压力 dissociation pressure离域子系统 non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation of ion第 6 页离子的电迁移率 mobility of ions离子的迁移数 transport number of ions离子独立运动定律 law of the independent migration of ions离子氛 ionic atmosphere离子强度 ionic strength理想混合物 perfect mixture理想气体 ideal gas接触电势 contact potential接触角 contact angle节流过程 throttling process节流膨胀 throttling expansion节流膨胀系数 coefficient of throttling expansion结线 tie line结晶热 heat of crystallization解离化学吸附 dissociation chemical adsorption界面 interfaces界面张力 surface tension浸湿 immersion wetting浸湿功 immersion wetting work精馏 rectify聚（合）电解质 polyelectrolyte聚沉 coagulation聚沉值 coagulation value绝对反应速率理论 absolute reaction rate theory绝对熵 absolute entropy绝对温标 absolute temperature scale绝热过程 adiabatic process绝热量热计 adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数 adiabatic index卡诺定理 Carnot theorem卡诺循环 Carnot cycle开尔文公式 Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律 Konovalov-Gibbs law科尔劳施离子独立运动定律 Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions 可能的电解质 potential electrolyte可逆电池 reversible cell可逆过程 reversible process可逆过程方程 reversible process equation可逆体积功 reversible volume work可逆相变 reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程 Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式 Clausius inequality克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程 Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤 control step库仑计 coulometer扩散控制 diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程 Laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律 Raoult law兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理 Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式 Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式 Rayleigh equation冷冻系数 coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线 cooling curve离解热 heat of dissociation离解压力 dissociation pressure离域子系统 non-localized particle systems第 7 页离子的标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation of ion离子的电迁移率 mobility of ions离子的迁移数 transport number of ions离子独立运动定律 law of the independent migration of ions离子氛 ionic atmosphere离子强度 ionic strength理想混合物 perfect mixture理想气体 ideal gas理想气体的绝热指数 adiabatic index of ideal gases理想气体的微观模型 micro-model of ideal gas理想气体反应的等温方程 isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions理想气体绝热可逆过程方程 adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases 理想气体状态方程 state equation of ideal gas理想稀溶液 ideal dilute solution理想液态混合物 perfect liquid mixture粒子 particles粒子的配分函数 partition function of particles连串反应 consecutive reactions链的传递物 chain carrier链反应 chain reactions量热熵 calorimetric entropy量子统计 quantum statistics量子效率 quantum yield临界参数 critical parameter临界常数 critical constant临界点 critical point临界胶束浓度 critical micelle concentration临界摩尔体积 critical molar volume临界温度 critical temperature临界压力 critical pressure临界状态 critical state零级反应 zero order reaction流动电势 streaming potential流动功 flow work笼罩效应 cage effect路易斯－兰德尔逸度规则 Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity露点 dew point露点线 dew point line麦克斯韦关系式 Maxwell relations麦克斯韦速率分布 Maxwell distribution of speeds麦克斯韦能量分布 MaxwelIdistribution of energy毛细管凝结 condensation in capillary毛细现象 capillary phenomena米凯利斯常数 Michaelis constant摩尔电导率 molar conductivity摩尔反应焓 molar reaction enthalpy摩尔混合熵 mole entropy of mixing摩尔气体常数 molar gas constant摩尔热容 molar heat capacity摩尔溶解焓 mole dissolution enthalpy摩尔稀释焓 mole dilution enthalpy内扩散控制 internal diffusions control内能 internal energy内压力 internal pressure能级 energy levels能级分布 energy level distribution第 8 页能量均分原理 principle of the equipartition of energy能斯特方程 Nernst equation能斯特热定理 Nernst heat theorem凝固点 freezing point凝固点降低 lowering of freezing point凝固点曲线 freezing point curve凝胶 gelatin凝聚态 condensed state凝聚相 condensed phase浓差超电势 concentration over-potential浓差极化 concentration polarization浓差电池 concentration cells帕斯卡 pascal泡点 bubble point泡点线 bubble point line配分函数 partition function配分函数的析因子性质 property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state碰撞截面 collision cross section碰撞数 the number of collisions偏摩尔量 partial mole quantities平衡常数（理想气体反应） equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases 平动配分函数 partition function of translation平衡分布 equilibrium distribution平衡态 equilibrium state平衡态近似法 equilibrium state approximation平衡状态图 equilibrium state diagram平均活度 mean activity平均活度系统 mean activity coefficient平均摩尔热容 mean molar heat capacity平均质量摩尔浓度 mean mass molarity平均自由程 mean free path平行反应 parallel reactions破乳 demulsification铺展 spreading普遍化范德华方程 universal van der Waals equation其它功 the other work气化热 heat of vaporization气溶胶 aerosol气体常数 gas constant气体分子运动论 kinetic theory of gases气体分子运动论的基本方程 foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases气溶胶 aerosol气相线 vapor line迁移数 transport number潜热 latent heat强度量 intensive quantity强度性质 intensive property亲液溶胶 hydrophilic sol氢电极 hydrogen electrodes区域熔化 zone melting热 heat热爆炸 heat explosion热泵 heat pump热功当量 mechanical equivalent of heat热函 heat content第 9 页热化学 thermochemistry热化学方程 thermochemical equation热机 heat engine热机效率 efficiency of heat engine热力学 thermodynamics热力学第二定律 the second law of thermodynamics热力学第三定律 the third law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律 the first law of thermodynamics热力学基本方程 fundamental equation of thermodynamics 热力学几率 thermodynamic probability热力学能 thermodynamic energy热力学特性函数 characteristic thermodynamic function 热力学温标 thermodynamic scale of temperature热力学温度 thermodynamic temperature热熵 thermal entropy热效应 heat effect熔点曲线 melting point curve熔化热 heat of fusion溶胶 colloidal sol溶解焓 dissolution enthalpy溶液 solution溶胀 swelling乳化剂 emulsifier乳状液 emulsion润湿 wetting润湿角 wetting angle萨克尔－泰特洛德方程 Sackur-Tetrode equation三相点 triple point三相平衡线 triple-phase line熵 entropy熵判据 entropy criterion熵增原理 principle of entropy increase渗透压 osmotic pressure渗析法 dialytic process生成反应 formation reaction升华热 heat of sublimation实际气体 real gas舒尔采－哈迪规则 Schulze-Hardy rule松驰力 relaxation force松驰时间 time of relaxation速度常数 reaction rate constant速率方程 rate equations速率控制步骤 rate determining step塔费尔公式 Tafel equation态－态反应 state-state reactions唐南平衡 Donnan equilibrium淌度 mobility特鲁顿规则 Trouton rule特性粘度 intrinsic viscosity体积功 volume work统计权重 statistical weight统计热力学 statistic thermodynamics统计熵 statistic entropy途径 path途径函数 path function外扩散控制 external diffusion control第 10 页完美晶体 perfect crystalline完全气体 perfect gas微观状态 microstate微态 microstate韦斯顿标准电池 Weston standard battery维恩效应 Wien effect维里方程 virial equation维里系数 virial coefficient稳流过程 steady flow process稳态近似法 stationary state approximation无热溶液 athermal solution无限稀溶液 solutions in the limit of extreme dilution物理化学 Physical Chemistry物理吸附 physisorptions吸附 adsorption吸附等量线 adsorption isostere吸附等温线 adsorption isotherm吸附等压线 adsorption isobar吸附剂 adsorbent吸附量 extent of adsorption吸附热 heat of adsorption吸附质 adsorbate析出电势 evolution or deposition potential析因子性质 property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state稀溶液的依数性 colligative properties of dilute solutions稀释焓 dilution enthalpy系统 system系统点 system point系统的环境 environment of system相 phase相变 phase change相变焓 enthalpy of phase change相变化 phase change相变热 heat of phase change相点 phase point相对挥发度 relative volatility相对粘度 relative viscosity相律 phase rule相平衡热容 heat capacity in phase equilibrium相图 phase diagram相倚子系统 system of dependent particles悬浮液 suspension循环过程 cyclic process压力商 pressure quotient压缩因子 compressibility factor压缩因子图 diagram of compressibility factor亚稳状态 metastable state盐桥 salt bridge盐析 salting out阳极 anode杨氏方程 Young’s equation液体接界电势 liquid junction potential液相线 liquid phase lines一级反应 first order reaction一级相变 first order phase change第 11 页依时计量学反应 time dependent stoichiometric reactions 逸度 fugacity逸度系数 coefficient of fugacity阴极 cathode荧光 fluorescence永动机 perpetual motion machine永久气体 Permanent gas有效能 available energy原电池 primary cell原盐效应 salt effect增比粘度 specific viscosity憎液溶胶 lyophobic sol沾湿 adhesional wetting沾湿功 the work of adhesional wetting真溶液 true solution真实电解质 real electrolyte真实气体 real gas真实迁移数 true transference number振动配分函数 partition function of vibration振动特征温度 characteristic temperature of vibration 蒸气压下降 depression of vapor pressure正常沸点 normal point正吸附 positive adsorption支链反应 branched chain reactions直链反应 straight chain reactions指前因子 pre-exponential factor质量作用定律 mass action law制冷系数 coefficient of refrigeration中和热 heat of neutralization轴功 shaft work转动配分函数 partition function of rotation转动特征温度 characteristic temperature of vibration 转化率 convert ratio转化温度 conversion temperature状态 state状态方程 state equation状态分布 state distribution状态函数 state function准静态过程 quasi-static process准一级反应 pseudo first order reaction自动催化作用 auto-catalysis自由度 degree of freedom自由度数 number of degree of freedom自由焓 free enthalpy自由能 free energy自由膨胀 free expansion组分数 component number最低恒沸点 lower azeotropic point最高恒沸点 upper azeotropic point最佳反应温度 optimal reaction temperature最可几分布 most probable distribution最可几速率 most propable speed第 12 页。
物理专业英语名词解释
part one mechanics力学chapter 1 kinematics—uniformly accelerated motion运动学，匀加速运动frame of reference: 参照系position vector and displacement 位置向量和位移speedvelocity 速度instantaneous velocity瞬时速度velocity components速度分量acceleration 加速度graphical interpretation图像释义uniformly accelerated motion along a straight line 匀加速直线运动acceleration due to gravity (g) 重力加速度projectile problems落体问题relative motion相对运动chapter 2 dynamics-- newton's laws of motion动力学- 牛顿运动定律general properties of forces in mechanics:力的基本性质1 the law of universal gravitation万有引力定律2the weight 重量3 the tensile force 拉力4 the normal force 法向力5 the friction force 摩擦力6 dimensional analysis三维分析chapter 3 equilibrium平衡concurrent forces共点力are forces whose lines of action all pass through a common point. the forces acting on a point object are concurrent because they all pass through the same point, the point object.equilibrium 平衡rigid body刚体the torque (or moment) 转矩或力矩the two conditions for equilibrium 平衡的两个条件the center of gravity 重心axis轴chapter 4 work and energy功和能kinetic energy (ke) 动能conservative force保守力⑵gravitational (weight) potential energy (peg) 重力（重量）势能⑵elastic potential energy 弹性势能the efficiency 效率chapter 5 impulse and momentumthe linear momentum 冲量与动量an impulse 冲量collisions and explosions碰撞和爆炸a perfectly elastic collision 完全弹性碰撞coefficient of restitution恢复系数the center of mass重心chapter 6 rotation转动the angular speed 角速度the angular acceleration 角加速度tangential 【数】切线;正切centripetal acceleration ( )加速度the centripetal force 向心力chapter 7 rigid-body rotation刚体转动the moment of inertia 转动惯量parallel-axis theorem平行轴定理chapter 8 elasticity弹性elasticity弹性;弹力the stress 【物】应力[u][c]strain 应变the elastic limit弹性极限the shear modulus 切变模量standard atmospheric pressure标准大气压the hydrostatic pressure静水压力equation of continuity连续性方程the viscosity 粘度spring弹簧a restoring force 恢复力simple harmonic motion 简谐运动vibratory motion 振动运动the period ( ) 【数】循环节;周期the frequency ( ) 频率the elastic potential energy 弹性势能the simple pendulum 单摆chapter 11 wave motion波动a propagating wave 波传播wave terminology波术语in-phase vibrations同相振动standing waves驻波conditions for resonance共振的条件longitudinal (compressional) waves 纵向（挤压）波chapter 12 sound声音the intensey （i）强度loudness 响度beats节拍doppler effect 多普勒效应interference effects 干扰效应part two thermodynamics热力学chapter 1 the kinetic theory of gases第1章气体动力学理论avogadro's number ( ) 阿伏伽德罗数（）the root mean square speed根均方速度the absolute temperature绝对温度the mean free path (m.f.p.) 平均自由程（m.f.p.）the equipartition theorem of energy 能量均分定理ideal gas law理想气体定律heat 热the internal energy 内部能量an isobaric process is a process carried out at constant pressure. 等压过程是恒压进行的过程。
物理专业常用英语词汇之欧阳理创编
物理：absolut e acceler ation 绝对加速度absolut e error 绝对误差absolut e motion 绝对运动absolutetemperature绝对温度absolutevelocity 绝对速度absolute zero绝对零度absorption 吸收absorptivity吸收率acceleratedmotion加速运动accelerationofgravity重力加速度acceleration加速度accidentalerror偶然误差acoustics 声学actingforce作用力adjust ment 调节aether 以太air pump 抽气机air table 气垫桌air track 气垫导轨alterna ting currentcircuit交流电路alternatingcurrentgenerator 交流发电机alternatingcurrent交流电altimeter 测高仪ammeter 安培计amperemeter电流计ampere 安培Ampere'sexperiment安培实验Ampere'sforce安培力Ampere's law安培定律amperemeter安培计amplitude 振幅angleof rotatio n 自转角，转动角angula r acceler ation 角加速度angula r displac ement 角位移angularvelocity 角速度anion负离子anisotropy 各向异性annihilation湮没anode阳极antenna 天线appliedphysics 应用物理学Archimedesprinciple 阿基米德原理area面积argumentation 论证argument 辐角astigmatoscope 散光镜atomicnucleus 原子核atomicphysics 原子物理学atomic spectru m 原子光谱atomic structu re 原子结构atom 原子Atwoo d ' smachine 阿特伍德机averagepower平均功率averagevelocity 平均速度Avogadroconstant 阿伏加德罗常数Avogadrolaw 阿伏加德罗定律balance 天平ballisticgalvanometer冲击电流计bandspectrum 带状谱barometer 气压计basicquantity 基本量basicunits基本单位battery charge r 电池充电器battery ,accum ulator 蓄电池battery 电池组beam 光束betatron 电子感应加速器Bohratommodel玻尔原子模型boilingpoint沸点boiling沸腾bounce反弹boundcharge束缚电荷boundelectron 束缚电子branchcircuit支路breakdown击穿brightness 亮度buoyancyforce浮力calorifics 热学camera照相机capacitance电容capacitor 电容器capilla rity 毛细现象cathod e ray 阴极射线cathod e-ray tube阴极射线管cathode 阴极cation正离子cell电池Celsius scale摄氏温标centreofgravity重心centreofmass质心centrifugalforce离心力centripetalacceleration向心加速度centripetalforce向心力chainreaction 链式反应chaos混沌characteristicspectrum 特征光谱charged body带电体charge d particl e 带电粒子charge 充电circula r hole diffract ion 圆孔衍射circula r motion 圆周运动classicalmechanics 经典力学classicalphysics 经典物理学cloudchamber 云室coefficient ofmaximumstaticfriction 最大静摩摩系数coefficient ofrestitution 恢复系数coefficient ofslidingfriction 滑动摩擦系数coefficient 系数coherent light相干光源coil 线圈collision 碰撞compo nent force 分力compo nent velocit y 分速度compo sition of forces 力的合成compo sition ofvelocities 速度的合成compression压缩concave lens凹透镜concavemirror凹面镜concurrentforce共点力condensation凝结condenser 电容器conductingmedium 导电介质conductor 导体conservativeforcefield保守力场conservativeforce保守力constantforce恒力consta nt 常量contin uous spectru m 连续谱conver gent lens 会聚透镜convex lens 凸透镜convex mirror凸面镜coordinatesystem坐标系coplanarforce共面力Corolis force科里奥利力corpuscularproperty 粒子性corpusculartheory微粒说Coulombforce库仑力coulomb 库仑Coulomb'slaw 库仑定律counter 计数器creation 产生creepage 漏电crest波峰critical angle 临界角critical resista nce 临界电阻critical temper ature 临界温度crystal 晶体currentdensity电流密度currentelement 电流元currentsource电流源currentstrength 电流强度curvilinearmotion曲线运动cyclotron 回旋加速器dampedvibration 阻尼振动damping 阻尼Daniell cell丹聂耳电池dataprocessing 数据处理data数据decay衰变definition ofampere 安培的定义defocu sing 散集density 密度derive d quantit y 导出量derive d unit 导出单位dielectric 电介质diffractionpattern衍射图样diffraction 衍射diffusereflection 漫反射digitaltimer数字计时器dimensionalexponent 量纲指数dimension 量纲diode二级管diopter屈光度directcurrent,DC 直流directimpact正碰directmeasurement直接测量discharge 放电disord er 无序dispers ion 色散displac ement 位移diverg ent lens 发散透镜Doppl er effect多普勒效应doubleslitdiffraction 双缝衍射drivingforce驱动力drycell 干电池echo回声eddycurrent涡流effectivevalue有效值elasticbody弹性体elasticforce弹［性］力elasticity 弹性electriccharge电荷electriccircuit电路electriccorona电晕electric energy 电能electri c field 电场electri c field intensi ty 电场强度electri c field line 电场线electri c flux 电通量electricleakage 漏电electricneutrality 电中性electricpotential 电位，电势electricpotentialdifference 电位差，电势差electricpotentialenergy电位能electricpower电功率electricquantity 电量electrification起电electrificationbyfriction 摩擦起电electrified body 带电体electro de 电极electro lysis 电解electro lyte 电解质electro magne tic dampi ng 电磁阻尼electromagneticinduction 电磁感应electromagneticradiation 电磁辐射electromagneticwave电磁波electromagneticwavespectrum 电磁波谱electromagnetisminductionphenomenon电磁感应现象electromagnet 电磁体electrometer静电计electromotiveforce电动势electro n 电子electro n beam 电子束electro n cloud 电子云electro n micros cope 电子显微镜electron volt电子伏特electroscope验电器electrostaticequilibrium静电平衡electrostaticinduction 静电感应electrostaticscreening 静电屏蔽elementarycharge基本电荷，元电荷energy能量energylevel能级equilibrium平衡equilibriumcondition 平衡条件equilibrium of forces 力的平衡equilib rium positio n 平衡位置equilib rium state 平衡态equiva lent source theorem 等效电源定理erectimage正像error误差ether以太evaporation蒸发excitation 激发excitationstate激发态experiment实验experimentalphysics 实验物理学externalforce外力eyepiece 目镜farsight远视Faradaycylinder 法拉第圆筒Faraday lawofelectromagneticinducti on 法拉第电磁感应定律Farada y's law of electro magne tic induct 法拉第电磁感应定律farad法拉(电容的单位)filminterference薄膜干涉finalvelocity 末速度firstcosmicvelocity 第一宇宙速度fission裂变fixed-axisrotation 定轴转动flotationbalance 浮力秤fluid流体focallength焦距focusing 调焦，聚焦focus焦点force力forcedvibration 受迫振动fractal分形free charge 自由电荷free electro n 自由电子free period 自由周期freezin g point 凝固点frequency 频率friction force摩擦力fusion聚变galvanometer电流计gas气体generalphysics 普通物理学generator 发电机goodconductor 良导体gravitation 引力gravity重力gravitationalpotentialenergy重力势能gravityfield重力场groundearth接地groundstate基态groundwire地线hadron 强子half life period 半衰期heat热heat transfe r 传热henry 亨利hertz 赫兹(频率的单位)Hookelaw 胡克定律humidity 湿度hydrogen 氢原子hypothesis 假设icepoint冰点idealgas 理想气体image像imagedistance 像距imageheight像高imaging 成像imperfectinelasticcollision 非完全弹性碰撞impulse 冲量incidentangle入射角incident ray入射线indirec t measur ement 间接测量induce d electri c current 感应电流induce d electri c field 感应电场inductioncurrent感应电流inductionelectromotiveforce感应电动势inductionmotor感应电动机inertia惯性inertialforce惯性力inertialsystem惯性系infrared ray红外线infrasonicwave次声波initialphase初位相initialvelocity 初速度input输入instantaneous power 瞬时功率instant aneous velocit y 瞬时速度instru ment 仪器insulat ed conduc tor 绝缘导体insulatingmedium 绝缘介质insulator 绝缘体intensity ofsound声强interference干涉interferencefringe干涉条纹interferencepattern干涉图样interferometer 干涉仪internalenergy内能internal force内力internalresistance 内阻intonation 声调invertedimage倒像invisible light不可见光ion beam 离子束ionizat ion 电离irrever sible proces s 不可逆过程isobari c proces s 等压过程isobar等压线isochoricprocess 等体积过程isothermal 等温线isothermalprocess 等温过程isotope同位素isotropy 各向同性joule焦耳（功的单位）Jouleheat 焦耳热Joulelaw 焦耳定律Joule'law 焦耳定律Keplerlaw 开普勒定律kinematics运动学kinetic energy 动能Laplac e's equati on 拉普拉斯方程laser 激光，激光器law 定律law ofconservationofangularmomentum角动量守恒定律lawofconservationofenergy能量守恒定律law ofconservationofmass质量守恒定律law ofconservationofmechanicalenergy机械能守恒定律lawofconservationofmomentum动量守恒定律law ofelectricchargeconservation 电荷守恒定律Le Système Interna tional d ` Unit ès 国际单位制(SI)lead 导线length 长度lens 透镜lensformula 透镜公式Lenz'slaw 楞次定律lepton轻子Lightray 光线lightsource光源lightwave光波lightning rod避雷针light光linespectrum 线状谱linesofcurrent电流线linesofforceofelectric field电力线liquefaction液化liquefactionpoint液化点liquid 液体longitu dinal wave 纵波loop回路Lorent z force 洛仑兹力lumino us intensi ty 发光强度magneticfield磁场magneticfieldintensity 磁场强度magneticfieldline 磁场线magneticinduction flux磁感应通量magneticinduction 磁感应强度magneticinduction line磁感应线magneticmaterial 磁性材料magneticneedle磁针magneticpole磁极magnetics 磁学magne tism 磁学magne tizatio n 磁化magne t 磁体magnif ication 放大率magnif ier 放大镜，放大器manometer流体压强计mass质量massdefect质量亏损mass-energyequation 质能方程matter物质matterwave物质波Maxwell'sequations 麦克斯韦方程组meanspeed平均速率meanvelocity 平均速度measurement测量mechanicalenergy机械能mechanicalmotion机械运动mecha nical vibrati on 机械振动mecha nics 力学mediu m 介质meltin g fusion 熔化melting point熔点metrerule 米尺microdetector灵敏电流计micrometercaliper螺旋测微器microscope显微镜microscopicparticle 微观粒子mirrorreflection 镜面反射mirror镜mixedunitsystem混合单位制modernphysics 现代物理学molarvolume 摩尔体积molecular spectru m 分子光谱molec ular structu re 分子结构mome nt of force 力矩mome ntum of electromagneticfield电磁场的动量momentum动量motor电动机multimeter 多用［电］表musicalquality音色N pole北极naturalfrequency 固有频率naturallight自然光negativecharge负电荷negativecrystal负晶体negative ion负离子negativeplate负极板networ k 网络neutral ization 中和neutro n 中子newto n 牛顿（力的单位）Newto n first law 牛顿第一定律Newtonsecondlaw 牛顿第二定律Newton thirdlaw 牛顿第三定律nonequilibriumstate非平衡态northpole北极nucleus force核力nucleus ofcondensation凝结核object物objectdistance 物距objectheight物高objective 物镜observation观察Oersted'sexperiment奥斯特实验ohm 欧姆Ohm law 欧姆定律ohmm eter 欧姆计Ohm's law 欧姆定律opencircuit开路opticalbench光具座opticalcentreof lens透镜光心opticalfiber光导纤维opticalglass光学玻璃opticalinstrument光学仪器opticallever光杠杆opticalpathdifference 光程差opticalpath光程(路)opticallydensermedium 光密介质opticallythinnermedium 光疏介质optics 光学orbit 轨道order 有序oscillo graph 示波器output 输出overw eight 超重parallelconnection ofcondensers 电容器的并联parallelogramrule 平行四边形定律parallel-resonancecircuit并联谐振电路parameter 参量particle 质点，粒子Pascallaw 帕斯卡定律path路程peak峰值pendulum 摆penumbra 半影perfectconductor 理想导体perfectelasticcollisi on 完全弹性碰撞perfect inelasti c collisi on 完全非弹性碰撞periodi city 周期性period周期periscope 潜望镜permanentmagnet 永磁体permittivity ofvacuum 真空介电常数permittivity电容率phase位相phenomenon现象photocurrent光电流photoelectriccell 光电管photoelectriceffect光电效应photoelectron光电子photography照相术photon光子physicalbalance 物理天平physic al quantit y 物理量physic s 物理学piezo meter 压强计pitch 音调Planck constant 普朗克常量plasma等离子体pointcharge点电荷polarization偏振polarizedlight偏振光polycrystal多晶体poorconductor 不良导体positivecharge正电荷positivecrystal正晶体positive ion正离子positive plate正极板positron 正电子potentialenergy 势能potenti ometer 电位差计power 功率pressur e 压强，压力primar y coil 原线圈princip le ofconstancy oflightvelocity 光速不变原理prism棱镜projectile 抛体projectilemotion抛体运动projector 投影仪proton质子pulley滑轮pulleyblock滑轮组quantity ofheat 热量quantization量子化quantum 量子quantummechanics 量子力学quantumnumber 量子数radar 雷达radioa ctive source 放射源radius of gyratio n 回旋半径rando m motion 无规则运动range量程ratedvoltage 额定电压reacting force反作用力realimage实像realobject实物reasoning 推理recoil反冲rectilinearmotion直线运动referenceframe参考系，坐标系referencesystem参考系reflectedangle反射角reflected ray反射线reflectioncoefficient 反射系数reflecti on law 反射定律reflecti vity 反射率refract ed angle 折射角refract ed ray 折射线refraction law折射定律refractioncoefficient 折射系数refractiveindex折射率relativeacceleration相对加速度relative error相对误差relativemotion相对运动relativevelocity 相对速度relativity 相对论resistance 电阻resistancebox 电阻箱resistivity 电阻率resistor 电阻［器］resolut ion of force 力的分解resolut ion of velocit y 速度的分解resona nce 共振，共鸣resonantfrequency 共振频率resultantforce合力resultantvelocity 合速度reversibilityofopticalpath光路可逆性reversibleprocess 可逆过程rheostat 变阻器right-handscrewrule 右手螺旋定则rocker火箭rotatingmagneticfield旋转磁场rotation 自转，转动Ruther ford scatteri ng 卢瑟福散射Ruther ford ［α-particl e scatteri ng］experi ment 卢瑟福［α散射］实验Spole南极saturation 饱和scalar标量scalarfield标量场scanner 扫描器secondcosmicvelocity 第二宇宙速度selectiveabsorption 选择吸收self-inducedelectromotiveforce自感电动势self-inductance自感self-inductionphenomenon自感系数semiconducto r 半导体semi-transpa rent film 半透膜sensiti ve galvan ometer 灵敏电流计sensiti vity 灵敏度sensitometer感光计sensor传感器seriesconnection ofcondensers 电容器的串联series-resonancecircuit串联谐振电路shortcircuit短路shortsight近视shuntresistor 分流电阻significantfigure有效数字simpleharmonicmotion(SHM)简谐运动simpleharmonicwave简谐波simplependulum 单摆single crystal （mon ocrysta l）单晶体single slit diffract ion 单缝衍射sinusoi dal alterna tingcurrent简谐交流电sinusoidalcurrent正弦式电流slidingfriction 滑动摩擦slit 狭缝solarcell 太阳能电池solenoid 螺线管solidification凝固solidifyingpoint凝固点solid固体solution 溶液solvation 溶解sonar声纳soundsource声源soundvelocity 声速soundwave声波sound 声［音］source 电源south pole 南极space 空间spark dischar ge 火花放电special relativity 狭义相对论specific heatcapacity 比热容spectacles 眼镜spectralanalysis 光谱分析spectral line［光］谱线spectrograph摄谱仪spectrography摄谱学spectroscopy光谱学spectrum 光谱speed速率sphericalmirror球面镜spontaneousradiation 自发辐射springbalanc e 弹簧秤stabilit y 稳定性stabiliz ed current supply 稳流电源stabiliz ed voltag e supply 稳压电源standardatmosphericpressure 标准大气压standard cell标准电池standing wave驻波staticfriction 静摩擦stationarystate定态steadycurrent恒定电流steadycurrentsource恒流源steadyvoltagesource恒压源steampoint汽点stiffness 劲度［系数］stimulatedradiation 受激辐射stopwatch停表sublim ation 升华superc onduct ivity 超导［电］性superc onduct or 超导体superp osition princip le of electric field电场强度叠加原理superpositiontheorem 叠加定律supersaturation 过度饱和supersonicspeed超声速supersonicwave超声波supplytransformer电源变压器surfaceresistance 表面电阻switch开关systemofconcurrentforces共点力系systemofparticles 质点系system of units 单位制system atic error 系统误差telesco pe 望远镜temper ature 温度tension张力the lawofgravity万有引力定律theorem 原理theorem ofkineticenergy动能定理theorem ofmomentum动量定理theoreticalphysics 理论物理学theory理论thermalcapacity 热容［量］thermalequilibrium热平衡thermalmotion热运动thermaltransmission传热thermo dynam ic scale ［of temper ature］热力学温标thermo dynam ic temper ature 热力学温度thermometer温度计thermometricscale温标thermonuclearreaction 热核反应thicklens 厚透镜thinlens 薄透镜thirdcosmicvelocity 第三宇宙速度three-phasealternatingcurrent三相［交变］电流time时间timer定时器，计时器torsionbalance 扭秤totalreflection 全反射trajectory 轨道transfo rmer 变压器transist or 晶体管transiti on 跃迁transla tion 平移transm ission line 传输线transmissivity透射率transversewave横波triboelectrification摩擦起电triode三极管trough波谷tuningfork 音叉turbulent flow湍流ultrasoundwave超声波ultravioletray 紫外线umbra本影undulatoryproperty 波动性uniformdielectric 均匀电介质uniformmotion匀速运动unit 单位unitsystem 单位制univer sal consta nt 普适常量univer sal gravita tion 万有引力universalmeter多用［电］表vacuum tube真空管vacuum 真空valueofamplitude 幅值vaporization汽化variable 变量vector矢量velocity oflight光速velocity 速度verification验证vernier游标verniercaliper游标卡尺vibration 振动viewing angle视角viewing field视场virtual image 虚像virtual object 虚物virtual value 有效值visibili ty 可见度visible light 可见光voltage 电压voltagedivisioncircuit分压电路voltaiccell 伏打电池voltmeter 伏特计voltmeter-ammetermethod 伏安法volt伏特volume 体积vortexelectric field涡旋电场watt瓦特waveequation 波动方程wavetheory波动说wavelength波长wave-particledualism 波粒二象性wave 波weight 重量weight lessnes s 失重white light 白光work 功work functio n 逸出功X-ray X射线Youngexperiment杨氏实验zeroline 零线α -decayα衰变α -particle α粒子α -ray α射线β-decayβ衰变β -rayβ射线γ -decayγ衰变γ -rayγ射线。
物理专业词汇英语翻译
物理专业词汇英语翻译物理专业词汇英语翻译1/8 fluctuation 1/8 起伏1/f noise 1/f 噪声1/n expansion 1/n 展开3k cosmic blackbody radiation 3k 宇宙黑体辐射4 counter 4 计数器a battery a 电池组a posteriori probability 后验概率a prioriprobability 先验概率a15 structure a15结构abbe coefficient阿贝数abbe invariant 阿贝不变量abbe number 阿贝数abbe prism 阿贝棱镜abberefractometer 阿贝折射计abbe sinecondition 阿贝正弦条件abel theorem 阿贝尔定理abelian group 可换群abelian integral阿贝尔积分aberage life 平均寿命aberration 象差aberrationconstant 光行差常数aberration oflight 光行差aberrationalellipse 光行差椭圆ablation 烧蚀abm state abm 态abnormal 反常的abnormal cathode fall 反常阴极势降abnormal crystallization 异常晶化abnormal dispersion 异常色散abnormal glow 反常辉光放电abnormal grain growth 反常晶粒生长abnormal liquid反常液体abnormalreflection 异常反射abnormal series反常系abrasion 磨损abrasion test 磨损试验abrasives 研磨材料abrikosov'sstructure of fluxlines 阿布里科蓑磁通线结构absence ofgravity 失重absolute 绝对的absoluteacceleration 绝对加速度absolute angularmomentum 绝对角动量3absolute atomicweight 原子的绝对重量absolute blackbody 绝对黑体absoluteconfiguration 绝对组态absolute counting 绝对计数absolute electrometer 绝对静电计absolute electrostatic system 绝对静电制absolute error 绝对误差absolute geopotential 绝对位势absolute humidity 绝对湿度absolute index ofrefraction 绝对折射率absoluteinstability 绝对不稳定性absolutemagnitude 绝对星等absolutemeasurement 绝对测量absolute motion绝对运动absolute ohm 绝对欧姆absolute orbit 绝对轨道absolutepermeability 绝对磁导率absolutepermittivity 绝对电容率absolutepressure 绝对压力absolute rest 绝对静止absolute restframe 绝对静止系absolute rotation绝对转动absolute scale绝对度标absolute space绝对空间absolute stability 绝对稳定absolute system of units 绝对单位制absolute temperature 绝对温度absolute temperature scale 绝对温标absolute thermometer 绝对温度表absolute time 绝对时空间absolute topography 绝对形势absolute unit 绝对单位absolute vacuumgage 绝对真空计absolute velocity绝对速度absoluteviscosity 绝对粘度absolute vorticity绝对涡度absolute weight绝对重量absolute zero 绝对零度absolute zeropoint 绝对零度absorb 吸收absorbed dose吸收剂量absorbent 吸收剂absorber 吸收体absorbingmedium 吸收媒质4absorptiometer吸收计absorption 吸收absorption band吸收带absorptioncoefficient 吸收系数absorption cross section 吸收截面absorption curve 吸收曲线absorption edge 吸收端absorption equilibrium 吸收平衡absorption factor 吸收因子absorption filter 吸收滤光器absorption hygrometer 吸收湿度表absorption index吸收指数absorption jump吸收跃迁absorption limit吸收端absorption line吸收线absorptionmethod 吸收法absorptionmodel 吸收模型absorption ofsound 声的吸收absorptionspectrometer 吸收光谱仪absorptionspectroscopy 吸收光谱学absorptionspectrum 吸收光谱absorption test吸收试验absorptive 吸收的absorptive power吸收本领absorptivity 吸收本领abstract algebra抽象代数abstract group抽象群abstract space抽象空间abstraction 抽象abundance of elements 元素的丰度ac bias 交莲压ac circuit 交羚路ac galvanometer 交羚疗ac voltage 交羚压accelerated motion 加速运动accelerating chamber 加速室accelerating electrode 加速电极accelerating field 加速场accelerating gap加速隙缝acceleratingperiod 加速周期accelerating slit加速隙缝accelerating tube加速管acceleratingvoltage 加速电压acceleration 加速度5accelerationcavity 加速共振腔acceleration gap加速隙acceleration ofgravity 重力加速度accelerator 加速器accelerometer加速计acceptance 肯定acceptor 受主acceptor center受中心acceptorimpurity 受钟质acceptor level 受周级access 选取access speed 选取速度access time 选取时间accessibility 可达性accessible point 可达点accessories 附件accidental coincidence 偶然符合accidental degeneracy 偶然退化accidental error 偶然误差accidentalreflection 偶然反射acclimation 气候驯化acclimatization气候驯化acclimazation 气候驯化accommodation第accommodationcoefficient 适应系数accommodationof the eye 眼的第accord 和音accreting blackhole model 吸积黑洞模型accretion 吸积accretion disk 吸积盘accumulateddose 累积剂量accumulatederror 累积误差accumulatedtemperature 积温accumulation 蓄集accumulationlayer 累积层accumulationpoint 聚点accumulation ring 累积环accumulator 二次电池accuracy 准确度accuracy grade 准确度accuracy of measurement 测量精确度accuracy of readings 读数准确度accuracy rating 准确度acetone 丙酮6 achondrite 无球粒陨石achromat 消色差透镜achromatic 消色的achromatic color无彩色achromaticcondition 消色差achromatic lens消色差透镜achromaticprism 消色差棱镜achromaticquarter waveprism 四分之一波长消色棱镜achromaticsensation 无色感觉achromaticstimulus 无色剌激achromatism 消色差acid 酸acnod 孤点acoumeter 测听计acount 计算acoustic 声的acousticabsorptioncoefficient 吸声系数acoustic absorptivity 吸声系数acoustic admittance 声导纳acoustic analysis 声分析acoustic conductivity 声导率acoustic diffraction 声衍射acoustic dispersion 声弥散acousticdisturbance 声扰动acoustic electronspin resonance声电子自旋共振acousticemission 声发射acoustic far field远程声场acoustic field 声场acoustic filter 滤声器acousticfraunhofer field夫琅和费声场acousticfrequency 音频acoustic fresnelfield 非涅耳声场acoustic gravitywave 声力波acoustic image声象acousticimpedance 声阻抗acousticinstrument 声学仪器acousticinterferometer声波干涉计acoustic lens 声透镜acoustic line 声传输线acoustic load 声负载acoustic material 吸音材料acoustic measurement 声学量度acoustic microscope 超声显微镜acoustic mode 声学模7acoustic near field 近程声场acoustic nuclear magnetic resonance 声核磁共振acoustic ohm 声欧姆acousticparamagneticresonance 声顺磁共振acoustic power声功率acousticpressure 声压acoustic radiator声辐射体acousticreactance 声抗acousticresistance 声阻acousticresonance 声共振acousticresonator 声共振器acoustic shadow声影acoustic signal声信号acousticsounding 声学探测acousticstreaming 声风acoustictransducer 声能转换器acoustic transformer 声变换器acoustic velocity 声速acoustic wave 声波acoustic wind 声风acoustical 声的acoustical holography 声全息学acoustical spectroscopy 声谱学acoustically induced birefringence 声诱发双折射acoustics 声学acoustimeter 声强计acoustodynamic声动力学的acoustoelectricamplification 声电放大acoustoelectriceffect 声电效应acoustoelectroninteraction 声电子相互酌acoustoelectronics 声电子学acoustomagnetoelectric effect 声磁电效应acoustoopticeffect 光声效应acoustooptical声光的acoustoopticalmodulator 声光灯器acoustooptical qswitch 声光q 开关acoustoopticalradiospectrometer 声光射电光谱仪acoustooptics声光学acre 英亩acrobatic metal 特技的金属acryl resin 丙烯酸尸actinic 有光化性的actinic photometer 光化光度计actinic rays 光化射线8actinic value of light 光化度actinides 锕系actinism 光化酌actinium 锕actiniumemanation 锕射气actinium series锕系actinograph 日射仪actinoid nuclei锕系元素核actinometer 日射表actinometry 辐射测量;光能强度测定actinomorphy 辐射对称性actinon 锕射气action 酌action at adistance 超距酌action centre ofthe atmosphere大气活动中心action integral酌积分action principle酌原理action spectrum酌谱action throughmedium 媒递酌action variable酌变量activated 激化了的activated adsorption 活性吸附activated atom 激活原子activated molecule 激活分子activating agent 活化剂activation 活化activation analysis 放射化分析activation cross section 放射化截面activation energy 激活能activationmethod 激活法activator 活化剂active 活性的active carbon 活性炭active current 有效电流active front 活跃锋active galacticnucleus 活动星系核active galaxy 活动星系active hydrogen活性氢active laserelement 激活激光元件active laserspectroscopy 活性激光光谱学active lasersubstance 激活物质active lattice 放射性栅格active locking 受迫模同步active material放射材料9active network 有源网络active oxygen 活性氧active power 有效功率active product 放射性产物active prominence 活动日珥active q switching 激活q 开关active sun 活动太阳active volcano 活火山activity 放射性activitycoefficient 活度系数activity unit 放射性单位actual 真实的actual load 有效的acumulativetemperature 积温acute 尖锐acute angle 锐角acute angled 锐角的acute angledtriangle 锐角三角形acute triangle 锐角三角形acuteness 锐度acyclic 非循环的ada ada 语言adamantineluster 金刚光泽adaptability 适应性adaptation 适应adaptive antenna自适应天线adaptive optics自适应光学adaptometer 适应测量计adatom 吸附原子add 加add circuit 加法电路addend 加数adder 加法器adding element 求和器addition 加法additional 加法的additional code 补码additional heating 附加加热additional mass 附加质量additive 加法的additive group加法群additive method加色法additive property加和性additive theoryof numbers 加性数论10additivity 加和性address 地址address part 地址部分address register地址寄存器adenosinetriphosphate 三磷酸腺苷adequate 适合的adhere 粘着adherence 附着adhesion 附着adhesive force附着力adhesives 粘接剂adiabat 绝热线adiabatic 绝热的adiabaticapproximation绝热近似adiabaticatmosphere 绝热大气adiabatic calorimeter 绝热式量热器adiabatic change 绝热变化adiabatic compression 绝热压缩adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic curve 绝热线adiabatic demagnetization 绝热退磁adiabatic equilibrium 绝热平衡adiabaticexpansion 绝热膨胀adiabaticexponent 绝热指数adiabatic freeexpansion 绝热自由膨胀adiabatic heating绝热增温adiabatichypothesis 绝热假说adiabatic index绝热指数adiabaticinvariant 绝热不变量adiabatic lapserate 绝热温度梯度adiabaticmagneticsusceptibility 绝热磁化率adiabatic nucleardemagnetization绝热核去磁adiabaticpotential curve绝热势能曲线adiabaticpotential surface绝热位势面adiabaticprinciple 浸渐原理adiabatic process 绝热过程adiabatic pulsations 绝热脉动adiabatic temperature gradient 绝热温度梯度adiabatic theorem 绝热定理adiabaticity 绝热性adiabatics 绝热线adjacent angles邻角adjacent side 邻边adjointdifferentialequation 伴随微分方程11adjoint operator伴随算符adjoint system伴随系adjunct 代数余子式adjunction 附加adjustable point可定点adjustment 蝶admissible 容许的admissible error容许误差admissible value容许值admittance 导纳admittancematrix 导纳矩阵adsorb 吸附adsorbate 吸附物adsorbed atom吸附原子adsorbent 吸附剂adsorption 吸附adsorption capacity 吸附本领adsorption isotherm 等温吸附式adsorption structure 吸附结构advance of periastron 拱线运动advanced potential 超前势advancing wave 前进波advection 平流平移advection fog 平另advective 平聊aeolian tone 风吹声aerial 空气的aerial survey 航空测量aeroacoustics 空气声学aerobiology 高空生物学aeroclimatology高空气候学aerodone 滑翔机aerodynamicbalance 空气动力天秤aerodynamicdrag 空气阻力aerodynamicfocus 气动力学焦点aerodynamicheating 气动力加热aerodynamic lift气动升力aerodynamicresistance 空气阻力aerodynamics 空气动力学aerogel 气凝胶aerohypsometer 航空测高计aerolite 石陨星aerological 高空气象学的aerological diagram 高空图解12aerology 高空气象学aeromagnetics 航空磁学aeromechanics 空气力学aerometer 气体比重计aeronautical 航空的aeronauticalmeteorologicalobservation 航空气象观测aeronauticalmeteorologicalstation 航空气象站aeronauticalmeteorology 航空气象学aeronautics 航空学aeronomy 高层大气物理aerophysics 航空物理学aeroplane 飞机aeroport 航空航aerosol 气溶胶aerospacescience 空间航空科学aerostatics 气体静力学affine 仿射的affinecoordinates 仿射坐标affine geometry仿射几何affine space 仿射空间affine transformation 仿射变换affinity 亲合势affirmation 肯定affix 标出afocal 非焦点的after discharge 后续放电after heat 残热afterglow 余辉afterimage 残留影象aftershock 余震age 陈化age determination 测定年代age equation 年龄方程age hardening时效硬化age of the moon月龄age theory 年龄理论ageostrophicwind 非地转风aggregate 聚合体aggregation 聚集aging 时效agonic line 无偏线agreement 一致agriculturalclimatology 农业气候学agriculturalmeteorology 农业气象学13agroclimatology农业气候学agrometeorology农业气象学agrophysics 农业物理学aharonov bohmeffect 阿哈拉诺夫玻姆效应air capacitor 空气电容器air cell 空气电池air chamber 气室air compressor 空气压缩机air condenser 空气电容器air coolant 冷却空气air cooler 空气冷却器air cooling 空气冷却air coordinates 空间座标air current 气流air earth current地空电流air flow 气流air gap 气隙air glow 气辉air insulation 空气绝缘air ionizationchamber 空气电离室air mass 气团air mass analysis气团分析air massclassification 气团分类air massmodification 气团变性air massthunderstorm 气团雷暴air monitor 大气污染监视器空气监测器air pocket 气囊air pressure 空气压力air proof 气密的air pump 空气泵air resistance 空气阻力air shower 空气簇射air streamline 空气吝air temperature 气温air thermometer 空气温度表air tight 气密的airborne holography 空中全息照相aircraft observation 飞机观测airplane 飞机airtight packing 气密密封airy pattern 埃里图样airy's disk 埃里斑albedo 反照率albedometry 反射率测定法14alchemy 炼金术alcohol 醇alcoholthermometer 酒精温度表alder transition阿尔得跃迁aleph zero 阿列夫零alexandrite laser翠绿宝石激光器algebra 代数algebraiccomplement 代数余子式algebraiccorrespondence代数对应algebraic curve代数曲线algebraicequation 代数方程algebraicexpression 代数式algebraicfunction 代数函数algebraic geometry 代数几何algebraic polynomial 代数多项式algebraic sum 代数和algebraic surface 代数曲面algebraic system 代数系algebraic variety 代数族algebroidal function 代数型函数algevraic 代数的algol 算法语言algol typeeclipsing binary大陵变星algol variable 大陵变星algorithm 算法algorithmiclanguage 算法语言alidade 照准仪aligned nuclei 排列整齐的核;线列核alignment 定向alignment chart列线图alkali 碱alkali halide 碱金属卤化物alkaline battery碱性蓄电池alkaline earthmetal 碱土金属all weatherremote sensing全天候遥测allende meteorite艾伦德陨星allobar 变压区allochromatic 假色的allomerism 异质同晶allomorphic 同质异晶的allomorphism 同质异晶allotrope 同素异形体allotropic 同素异形的allotropic modification 同素异形变态15allotropic transformation 同素异形变换allotropy 同素异形allow 容许allowable 容许的allowable error容许误差allowable stress容许应力allowabletransition 容许跃迁allowed energyband 容许能带allowed line 容许谱线allowedtransition 容许跃迁alloy 合金alloy diffusedtransistor 合金扩散晶体管alloy diffusiontransistor 合金扩散晶体管alloy junction 合金结alloy junctiondiode 合金结二极管alloy junctiontransistor 合金结型晶体管alloyed steel 合金钢alloyedtransistor 合金晶体管almanac 天文年历almost everywhere 几平处处almost periodic function 殆周期函数almucantar 等高圈alnico 阿尔尼科合金alpha decay 衰变alpha disintegration 衰变alpha emitter 发射体alpha iron 铁alpha particle 粒子alpha particlemodel of nucleus核的粒子模型alpha phase 相alpha process 过程alpha radiation辐射alpha radioactive放射性的alpharadioactivity 放射能alpha rayspectrometer 谱仪alpha rays 射线alpha spectrum射线谱alphanumeric 字母数字式alphatronvacuum gage 真空计altar 天坛座altazimuth 地平经纬仪alternate angles错角alternating 变号的alternating current 交流16alternating current bridge 交羚桥alternating current josephson effect 约瑟夫逊效应alternating field 交变场alternating gradient focusing 强聚焦alternating gradient synchrotron 交变磁场梯度同步加速alternating group交代群alternating load交变负载alternating series交错级数alternation 交错alternative 必择其一altimeter 高度表altitude 高度altitude effect 高度效应altitude rocket高空火箭alto 女中音altocumulus 高积云altostratus 高层云aluminium 铝aluminium alloy铝合金aluminiumelectrolyticcapacitor 铝电解电容器aluminizing 铍铝alundum 人造刚玉amagat 阿马伽amagatmanometer 阿马伽压力计amalgam 汞齐amalgamation 汞齐化amber 琥珀ambient 周围的ambient pressure 环境压力ambient temperature 周围温度ambipolar diffusion 双极扩散americium 镅ametropia 眼反常amici's prism 阿米吴镜ammeter 安培计ammonia 氨ammonia maser氨分子微波激射器ammonia water氨水ammonium 铵amorphous 无定形的amorphous body非晶体amorphouscarbon 无定形碳amorphousmagneticmaterial 非晶磁材料amorphousmagnetism 非晶体磁性17amorphousmetal 非晶态金属amorphoussemiconductor非晶态半导体amorphous state非晶态amorphoussubstance 无定形物质amount 数量amount of evaporation 蒸发量amount of information 信息量amount of precipitation 降水量amount of substance 物质量ampere 安ampere hour 安时ampere meter 安培计ampere second安秒ampere turn 安匝ampere turn permeter 每米安匝数ampere turns 安匝数amphoteric 两性的amphoteric ion两性离子amplidyne 放大发电机amplification 放大amplificationconstant 放大系数amplificationfactor 放大系数amplifiedspontaneousemission 放大自发射amplifier 放大器amplifying tube放大管amplitude 振幅amplitudecharacteristic 振幅特性amplitudediscriminator 脉冲高度鉴别器amplitude distortion 振幅失真amplitude function 振幅函数amplitude mode 振幅模amplitude modulated oscillations 爹振荡amplitude modulation 爹amplitude reflectance 振幅反射度amplitude selector 振幅选择器amplitudetransmittance 振幅透过率anabatic wind 谷风anaclastics 屈光学anafront 上滑锋anallobar 正变压中心analog 数学模型analog circuit 模拟电路analog computer模拟计算机analog method相似法18analog signal 模拟信号analog switch 模拟开关analog to digitalconversion 模拟数字转换analog to digitalconverter a d 变换器模数变换器analogous 类似的analogue 数学模型analogue computer 模拟计算机analogue display 相似表示analogue method 相似法analogy 模拟analyser 分析器analysis 分析analysis centre 分析中心analysis of covariance 协方差解析analysis of variance 方差分析analysis ofweather map 天气图分析analysis situs 拓扑学analytic 分析的analyticcontinuation 解析开拓analytic curve 分析曲线analyticdynamics 解析动力学analyticexpression 分析式analytic form 分析形式analytic function解析函数analyticgeometry 分析几何学analytic line 分析线analytic manifold分析簇analytic method分析法analyticperturbationtheory 解析微扰论analytic set 分析集analytic signal 分析信号analytic transformation 分析变换analytic vector 解析向量analytical balance 分析天平analytical dynamics 分析力学analytical mechanics 分析力学analyzer 分析器analyzing magnet 磁分析器anamorphoticlens 象歪曲透镜anastigmat 消象散透镜anastigmatic 去象散的anastigmaticlens 消象散透镜anastigmatism消象散性anchor ring 锚环19and circuit 与电路and or circuit 与或电路andersonlocalization 安德森定域anderson model安德森模型andersonorthogonalitytheorem 安德森正交定理anderson'sdelocalizationtheory 安德森非定域理论andreevreflection 安德列耶夫反射andromeda 仙女座andromedagalaxy 仙女座星云andromeda nebula 仙女座星云anechoic 无回声的anechoic chamber 无回声室anechoic room 静室anelasticity 滞弹性anemogram 风力自记曲线anemograph 风速计anemometer 风速表anemoscope 测风器风速仪anergy 无力aneroidbarograph 膜盒气压表aneroidbarometer 空盒气压表angle 角angle at centre中心角angle correlation角关联angle of advance超前角angle of attack迎角angle of contact接触角angle ofcontingence 切线角angle ofdeclination 偏角angle ofdeflection 偏转角angle ofdeviation 偏向角angle ofdiffraction 衍射角angle of friction摩擦角angle of incidence 入射角angle of intersection 交叉角angle of lag 滞后角angle of lead 超前角angle of minimum deviation 最小偏角angle of polarization 偏振角angle of reflection 反射角angle ofrefraction 折射角angle of rotation旋转角angle ofscattering 散射角angle of slide 滑动角20angle of view 视角angle preserving保角的angle preservingmap 保角映象angstrom 埃angstrom unit 埃单位angular 角的angularacceleration 角加速度angularcoefficient 角系数angularcoordinates 角座标angularcorrelation 角关联angularderivative 角微离angular dispersion 角色散angular displacement 角位移angular distance 角距angular distribution 角分布angular frequency 角频angular magnification 角放大率angular measure 角度angularmomentum 角动量angularmomentumconservation law角动量守恒定律angular motion角动angular quantumnumber 角量子数angularresolution 角分辨率angularseparation 角距angular unit 角的单位angular velocity角速度angularvibrations 角振动anharmonic 非低的anharmonicoscillation 非谐振动anharmonicoscillator 非谐振子anharmonic ratio非低比anharmonic term非谐项anharmonicity非谐振性anhysteric magnetization curve 无磁滞曲线animal electricity 动物电anion 阴离子anisometric crystal 非等轴晶体anisotropic 蛤异性的anisotropic body 蛤异性体anisotropic exchange interaction 蛤异性交换相互酌anisotropic fluid 蛤异性铃anisotropichamiltonian 蛤异性哈密顿函数anisotropicmedium 蛤异性介质anisotropicsuperfluid 蛤异性超铃21anisotropicturbulence 蛤异性湍流anisotropicuniverse 蛤异性宇宙anisotropy 蛤异性anisotropyconstant 蛤异性常数anisotropyenergy 蛤异性能anisotropymagnetic field 蛤异性磁场anisotropy ratio蛤异性比annealing 退火annihilation 湮没annihilationoperator 湮没算符annihilationradiation 湮没辐射annual 年刊annual aberration 周年光行差annual amount of precipitation 年降水量annual equation 周年差annual mean 年平均annual parallax 周年视差annual precession 年岁差annual range 年较差annual variation年变化annular 环annular eclipse环食annular focus 环形焦点annulation 取消anode 阳极anode battery 阳极电池组anodecompartment 阳极空间anode current 板极电流anode darkspace 阳极暗区anode detection板极检波anode fall 阳极势降anode glow 阳极辉光anode rays 极隧射线anode resistance板极电阻anode voltage 板极电压anomalistic 近点的anomalisticmonth 近点月anomalistic year 近点年anomalon 反常子anomaloscope 色盲检查镜anomalous 反常的anomalous absorption 反常吸收anomalous diffusion 反常扩散anomalous dimension 反常量纲22anomalousdispersion 反常色散anomalouselectricresistivity 反常电阻率anomalous halleffect 反常霍耳效应anomalousmagneticmoment 反常磁矩anomalouspropagation 反常传播anomalouspropagation ofsound 声的反常传播anomalousscattering 反常散射anomalous skineffect 反常囚效应anomaloustransmission 反常透射anomalouszeeman effect 反常塞曼效应anomaly 反常antagonism ofions 离子的对抗酌antapex 背点antarctic circle 南极圈antarctic circle ozon hole 南极圈臭氧孔antecedent 前项antenna 天线antenna aperture 天线孔径antenna array 天线阵antenna circuit 天线电路antenna current 天线电流antenna efficiency 天线效率antenna element天线元件antenna gain 天线增益antennaimpedance 天线阻抗antennaresistance 天线电阻antenna tuning天线党anthracene 蒽anti clockwise 反时针的anti corrosive 防锈剂;防锈的anti hyperon 反超子antiisomorphism 反同构性anti trade winds反信风anti trades 反信风antibaryon 反重子antibondingelectron 反键电子antibondingorbital 反键轨函数anticathode 对阴极anticoincidence 反符合anticoincidence analyzer 舛符合分析器anticoincidence circuit 反符合线路anticoincidence method 反符合法anticommutation relation 反对易关系anticommutative 反对易的23anticyclogenesis反气旋发生anticyclolysis 反气旋消散anticyclone 反气旋区域anticyclonic 反气旋的anticyclonicinversion 反气旋逆温antiderivative 不定积分antideuterium 反氘antideuteron 反氘核antiepicentre 震中对点antiferroelectrics反铁电体antiferromagnet反铁磁体antiferromagnetic domain 反铁磁畴antiferromagnetic resonance 反铁磁性共振antiferromagnetism 反铁磁性antiferromagnon反铁磁振子antihadron 反强子antihydrogen 反氢antila 唧筒座antilepton 反轻子antilogarthm 反对数antimatter 反物质antimeson 反介子antimetrical circuit 相反电路antimonsoon 反季风antimony 锑antineutrino 反中微子antineutron 反中子antinomy 谬论antinucleon 反核子antiparallel 逆平行的antiparallelogram 等边梯形antiparticle 反粒子antiphaseboundary 反相边界antipod 对映体antiproton 反质子antiproton atom反质子原子antiproton beam反质子束antiquark 反夸克antireflectioncoating 透光镀膜;增透膜antiresonance反共振antistokes line反斯托克斯线antistokes ramanlaser 反斯托克斯喇曼激光器antisymmetric斜对称的antisymmetric tensor 斜对称张量;反对称张量24 antisymmetrical state 反对称态antisymmetry 反对称antithesis 反题antitrigonometric function 反三角函数antitriptic wind 减速风antitwilight 反曙暮光antiunitaryoperator 反幺正算符antlia 唧筒座antonoff rule 安托诺夫定则anvil 铁砧anvil cloud 砧状云anyon 任意子apastron 远星点aperiodic 非周期的aperiodicdamping 非周期衰减aperiodic motion非周期运动aperiodicity 非周期性aperture 口径aperturediaphragm 孔径光栏aperture ratio 口径比aperture stop 孔径光栏aperturesynthesis 孔径综合法apex 顶apex angle 顶角apex of the sun 太阳向点aphakic eye 欠晶眼aphelion 远日点apical angle 顶角aplanat 消球差镜aplanatic 等光程的aplanatic lens 消球差镜aplanatic point 等光程点aplanatism 消球差性apochromat 复消色差镜apochromatic 复消色差的apochromaticlens 复消色差镜apodization 切趾法apogee 远地点apolar 非极性的apollo 阿波罗飞船apollo typeasteroid 阿波罗型小行星apostilb 亚熙提apothem 垂幅apparatus 仪器装置25apparentabsorptioncoefficient 表观吸收系数apparent density视在密度apparentdiameter 视直径apparent force表观力apparent horizon可见地平apparent lifetime表观寿命apparentmagnitude 视星等apparent motion 视运动apparent noon 视午apparent orbit 视轨道apparent palce 视位apparent position 视位apparent solar day 真太阳日apparent solar time 真太阳时apparent structure 表观结构apparent sun 真太阳apparition 出现appearancepotential 表观势appendix 附录application 应用applied 应用的appliedacoustics 应用声学appliedclimatology 应用气候学applied elasticity应用弹性理论appliedmathematics 应用数学appliedmechanics 应用力学appliedmeteorology 应用气象学applied optics 应用光学applied physics应用物理学approach 接近approximability可逼近性approximable 可逼近的approximate 近似的;使近似approximate caculation 近似计算approximate formula 近似公式approximate method 近似法approximate number 近似数approximate solution 近似解approximate value 近似值approximatintegr ation 近似积分approximation 近似approximation calculus 近似计算apsidal motion拱线运动apus 天燕座26apw method 增广平面波法aquarius 宝瓶座aqueous solution水溶液aquila 天鹰座ara 天坛座arc 电弧arc discharge 电弧放电arc lamp 弧光灯arc line 弧光谱线arc spectrum 电弧光谱arc trigonometricfunction 反三角函数archimedes'principle 阿基米德原理architecturalacoustics 建筑声学arctic circle 北极圈ardometer 光学高温计。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
1/8 fluctuation1/f noise1/n expansion3k cosmic blackbody radiation4 countera batterya posteriori probabilitya priori probabilitya15 structureabbe coefficientabbe invariantabbe numberabbe prismabbe refractometerabbe sine conditionabel theoremabelian groupabelian integralaberage lifeaberrationaberration constant aberration of light aberrational ellipseablationabm stateabnormalabnormal cathode fall abnormal crystallizationabnormal dispersionabnormal glowabnormal grain growth abnormal liquidabnormal reflectionabnormal seriesabrasionabrasion testabrasivesabrikosov's structure of flux lines absence of gravityabsoluteabsolute accelerationabsolute angular momentum absolute atomic weight absolute black bodyabsolute configuration absolute countingabsolute electrometerabsolute electrostatic system absolute errorabsolute geopotentialabsolute humidityabsolute index of refraction absolute instabilityabsolute magnitudeabsolute measurement absolute motionabsolute orbitabsolute permeability absolute permittivity absolute pressure absolute restabsolute rest frame absolute rotation absolute scaleabsolute spaceabsolute stability absolute system of units absolute temperature absolute temperature scale absolute thermometer absolute timeabsolute topography absolute unitabsolute vacuum gage absolute velocity absolute viscosity absolute vorticity absolute weight absolute zeroabsolute zero point absorbabsorbed dose absorbentabsorberabsorptiometer absorption absorption band absorption coefficient absorption cross section absorption curve absorption edge absorption equilibrium absorption factor absorption filter absorption hygrometer absorption index absorption jump absorption limit absorption line absorption method absorption model absorption of sound absorption spectrometer absorption spectroscopy absorption spectrum absorption test absorptive absorptive power absorptivityabstract algebra abstract group abstract spaceabundance of elements ac biasac circuitac galvanometerac voltage accelerated motion accelerating chamber accelerating electrode accelerating field accelerating gap accelerating period accelerating slit accelerating tube accelerating voltage acceleration acceleration cavity acceleration gap acceleration of gravity accelerator accelerometer acceptanceacceptoracceptor center acceptor impurity acceptor level accessaccess speedaccess timeaccessible point accessoriesaccidental coincidence accidental degeneracy accidental error accidental reflection acclimation acclimatization acclimazation accommodation accommodation coefficient accommodation of the eye accordaccreting black hole model accretionaccretion disk accumulated dose accumulated error accumulated temperature accumulation accumulation layer accumulation point accumulation ring accumulatoraccuracyaccuracy gradeaccuracy of measurement accuracy of readingsacetoneachondriteachromatachromaticachromatic colorachromatic condition achromatic lensachromatic prismachromatic quarter wave prism achromatic sensation achromatic stimulus achromatismacidacnodacoumeteracountacousticacoustic absorption coefficient acoustic absorptivityacoustic admittanceacoustic analysisacoustic conductivity acoustic diffractionacoustic dispersionacoustic disturbanceacoustic electron spin resonance acoustic emissionacoustic far fieldacoustic filteracoustic fraunhofer fieldacoustic frequencyacoustic fresnel fieldacoustic gravity waveacoustic imageacoustic impedanceacoustic instrumentacoustic interferometeracoustic lensacoustic lineacoustic loadacoustic materialacoustic measurementacoustic microscopeacoustic modeacoustic near fieldacoustic nuclear magnetic resonance acoustic ohmacoustic paramagnetic resonance acoustic poweracoustic pressureacoustic radiatoracoustic reactanceacoustic resistanceacoustic resonanceacoustic resonatoracoustic shadowacoustic soundingacoustic streamingacoustic transduceracoustic transformeracoustic velocityacoustic waveacoustic windacousticalacoustical holography acoustical spectroscopy acoustically induced birefringence acousticsacoustimeter acoustodynamic acoustoelectric amplification acoustoelectric effect acoustoelectron interaction acoustoelectronics acoustomagnetoelectric effect acoustooptic effect acoustoopticalacoustooptical modulator acoustooptical q switch acoustooptical radiospectrometer acoustoopticsacreacrobatic metalacryl resinactinic photometeractinic raysactinic value of light actinidesactinismactiniumactinium emanationactinium seriesactinographactinoid nucleiactinometeractinometryactinomorphyactinonactionaction at a distanceaction centre of the atmosphere action integralaction principleaction spectrumaction through medium action variableactivatedactivated adsorption activated atomactivated molecule activating agentactivationactivation cross section activation energy activation method activatoractiveactive carbonactive currentactive frontactive galactic nucleus active galaxyactive hydrogenactive laser element active laser spectroscopy active laser substance active latticeactive lockingactive materialactive networkactive oxygenactive poweractive productactive prominence active q switching active sunactive volcanoactivityactivity coefficient activity unitactual load acumulative temperature acuteacute angleacute angledacute angled triangle acute triangle acutenessacyclicadaadamantine luster adaptability adaptationadaptive antenna adaptive optics adaptometeradatomaddadd circuitaddendadderadding element additionadditionaladditional code additional heating additional mass additiveadditive methodadditive property additive theory of numbers additivityaddressaddress partaddress register adenosine triphosphate adequateadhereadherenceadhesionadhesive force adhesivesadiabatadiabaticadiabatic approximation adiabatic atmosphere adiabatic calorimeter adiabatic change adiabatic compression adiabatic cooling adiabatic curve adiabatic demagnetization adiabatic equilibrium adiabatic expansion adiabatic exponent adiabatic free expansionadiabatic hypothesisadiabatic indexadiabatic invariantadiabatic lapse rateadiabatic magnetic susceptibility adiabatic nuclear demagnetization adiabatic potential curve adiabatic potential surface adiabatic principleadiabatic processadiabatic pulsationsadiabatic temperature gradient adiabatic theoremadiabaticityadiabaticsadjacent anglesadjacent sideadjoint differential equation adjoint operatoradjoint systemadjunctadjunctionadjustable pointadjustmentadmissibleadmissible erroradmissible valueadmittanceadsorbadsorbateadsorbed atom adsorbent adsorption adsorption capacity adsorption isotherm adsorption structure advance of periastron advanced potential advancing wave advectionadvection fog advectiveaeolian toneaerialaerial survey aeroacoustics aerobiology aeroclimatology aerodone aerodynamic balance aerodynamic drag aerodynamic focus aerodynamic heating aerodynamic lift aerodynamic resistance aerodynamicsaerohypsometeraeroliteaerologicalaerological diagramaerologyaeromagneticsaeromechanicsaerometeraeronauticalaeronautical meteorological observation aeronautical meteorological station aeronautical meteorology aeronauticsaeronomyaerophysicsaeroplaneaeroportaerosolaerospace scienceaerostaticsaffineaffine coordinatesaffine geometryaffine spaceaffine transformationaffinityaffirmationaffixafter dischargeafter heatafterglowafterimageaftershockageage determinationage equationage hardeningage of the moonage theory ageostrophic wind aggregate aggregationagingagonic line agreement agricultural climatology agricultural meteorology agroclimatology agrometeorology agrophysicsaharonov bohm effect air capacitorair cellair chamberair compressorair condenserair coolerair coolingair coordinatesair currentair earth currentair flowair gapair glowair insulationair ionization chamber air massair mass analysisair mass classification air mass modification air mass thunderstorm air monitorair pocketair pressureair proofair pumpair resistanceair showerair streamlineair temperatureair thermometerair tightairborne holography aircraft observationairtight packingairy patternairy's diskalbedoalbedometryalchemyalcoholalcohol thermometer alder transitionaleph zeroalexandrite laser algebraalgebraic complement algebraic correspondence algebraic curve algebraic equation algebraic expression algebraic function algebraic geometry algebraic polynomial algebraic sumalgebraic surface algebraic system algebraic variety algebroidal function algevraicalgolalgol type eclipsing binaryalgorithmalgorithmic language alidadealigned nuclei alignmentalignment chartalkalialkali halidealkaline batteryalkaline earth metalall weather remote sensing allende meteoriteallobarallochromatic allomerism allomorphic allomorphismallotropeallotropicallotropic modification allotropic transformation allotropyallowallowableallowable error allowable stress allowable transition allowed energy bandallowed transitionalloyalloy diffused transistoralloy diffusion transistoralloy junctionalloy junction diodealloy junction transistor alloyed steelalloyed transistoralmanacalmost everywherealmost periodic function almucantaralnicoalpha decayalpha disintegrationalpha emitteralpha ironalpha particlealpha particle model of nucleus alpha phasealpha processalpha radiationalpha radioactivealpha radioactivityalpha ray spectrometeralpha raysalpha spectrum alphanumericalphatron vacuum gagealtaraltazimuthalternate anglesalternatingalternating currentalternating current bridge alternating current josephson effect alternating fieldalternating gradient focusing alternating gradient synchrotron alternating groupalternating loadalternating seriesalternationalternativealtimeteraltitudealtitude effectaltitude rocketaltoaltocumulusaltostratusaluminiumaluminium alloyaluminium electrolytic capacitor aluminizingalundumamagatamagat manometer amalgamamalgamationamberambientambient pressureambient temperature ambipolar diffusion americiumametropiaamici's prismammeterammoniaammonia maserammonia water ammoniumamorphousamorphous body amorphous carbon amorphous magnetic material amorphous magnetism amorphous metal amorphous semiconductor amorphous state amorphous substance amountamount of evaporation amount of information amount of precipitationamount of substanceampereampere hourampere meterampere secondampere turnampere turn per meterampere turnsamphotericamphoteric ionamplidyneamplificationamplification constant amplification factoramplified spontaneous emission amplifieramplifying tubeamplitudeamplitude characteristic amplitude discriminator amplitude distortion amplitude functionamplitude modeamplitude modulated oscillations amplitude modulation amplitude reflectance amplitude selectoramplitude transmittance anabatic windanaclasticsanafrontanallobaranaloganalog circuitanalog computeranalog methodanalog signalanalog switchanalog to digital conversion analog to digital converter analogousanalogueanalogue computer analogue display analogue methodanalogyanalyseranalysisanalysis centreanalysis of covariance analysis of variance analysis of weather map analysis situsanalyticanalytic continuation analytic curveanalytic dynamics analytic expressionanalytic formanalytic functionanalytic geometryanalytic lineanalytic manifoldanalytic methodanalytic perturbation theory analytic setanalytic signalanalytic transformation analytic vectoranalytical balanceanalytical dynamics analytical mechanics analyzeranalyzing magnet anamorphotic lens anastigmatanastigmaticanastigmatic lens anastigmatismanchor ringand circuitand or circuitanderson localization anderson modelanderson orthogonality theorem anderson's delocalization theory andreev reflectionandromeda andromeda galaxy andromeda nebula anechoic anechoic chamber anechoic room anelasticity anemogram anemograph anemometer anemoscope anergyaneroid barograph aneroid barometer angleangle at centre angle correlation angle of advance angle of attack angle of contact angle of contingence angle of declination angle of deflection angle of deviation angle of diffraction angle of friction angle of incidence angle of intersection angle of lagangle of leadangle of minimum deviationangle of polarizationangle of reflectionangle of refractionangle of rotationangle of scatteringangle of slideangle of viewangle preservingangle preserving mapangstromangstrom unitangularangular accelerationangular coefficientangular coordinatesangular correlationangular derivativeangular dispersionangular displacementangular distanceangular distributionangular frequencyangular magnificationangular measureangular momentumangular momentum conservation law angular motionangular quantum number angular resolutionangular separationangular unitangular velocityangular vibrations anharmonicanharmonic oscillation anharmonic oscillator anharmonic ratio anharmonic term anharmonicityanhysteric magnetization curve animal electricityanionanisometric crystal anisotropicanisotropic bodyanisotropic exchange interaction anisotropic fluidanisotropic hamiltonian anisotropic medium anisotropic superfluid anisotropic turbulence anisotropic universe anisotropyanisotropy constant anisotropy energyanisotropy magnetic fieldanisotropy ratioannealingannihilationannihilation operator annihilation radiationannualannual aberrationannual amount of precipitation annual equationannual meanannual parallaxannual precessionannual rangeannual variationannularannular eclipseannular focusannulationanodeanode batteryanode compartmentanode currentanode dark spaceanode detectionanode fallanode glowanode raysanode resistanceanode voltageanomalisticanomalistic month anomalistic yearanomalonanomaloscopeanomalousanomalous absorption anomalous diffusion anomalous dimension anomalous dispersion anomalous electric resistivity anomalous hall effect anomalous magnetic moment anomalous propagation anomalous propagation of sound anomalous scattering anomalous skin effect anomalous transmission anomalous zeeman effect anomalyantagonism of ionsantapexantarctic circleantarctic circle ozon hole antecedentantennaantenna apertureantenna arrayantenna circuitantenna current antenna efficiency antenna element antenna gainantenna impedance antenna resistance antenna tuning anthraceneanti clockwiseanti corrosiveanti hyperonanti isomorphismanti trade windsanti tradesantibaryon antibonding electron antibonding orbital anticathode anticoincidence anticoincidence analyzer anticoincidence circuit anticoincidence method anticommutation relation anticommutative anticyclogenesis anticyclolysis anticyclone anticyclonic anticyclonic inversionantiderivative antideuterium antideuteron antiepicentre antiferroelectrics antiferromagnet antiferromagnetic domain antiferromagnetic resonance antiferromagnetism antiferromagnon antihadronantihydrogenantilaantileptonantilogarthmantimatterantimesonantimetrical circuit antimonsoonantimonyantineutrinoantineutronantinomyantinucleonantiparallel antiparallelogram antiparticleantiphase boundary antipodantiprotonantiproton atom antiproton beam antiquark antireflection coating antiresonance antistokes line antistokes raman laser antisymmetric antisymmetric tensor antisymmetrical state antisymmetry antithesis antitrigonometric function antitriptic wind antitwilightantiunitary operator antliaantonoff ruleanvilanvil cloudanyonapastronaperiodicaperiodic damping aperiodic motion aperiodicityapertureaperture diaphragmaperture ratioaperture stopaperture synthesisapexapex angleapex of the sunaphakic eyeaphelionapical angleaplanataplanaticaplanatic lensaplanatic pointaplanatismapochromatapochromatic apochromatic lens apodizationapogeeapolarapolloapollo type asteroidapostilbapothemapparatusapparent absorption coefficient apparent densityapparent diameterapparent force apparent horizon apparent lifetime apparent magnitude apparent motion apparent noon apparent orbit apparent palce apparent position apparent solar day apparent solar time apparent structure apparent sun apparition appearance potential appendix application appliedapplied acoustics applied climatology applied elasticity applied mathematics applied mechanics applied meteorology applied optics applied physics approach approximability approximableapproximate approximate caculation approximate formula approximate method approximate number approximate solution approximate value approximatintegration approximation approximation calculus apsidal motionapusapw methodaquariusaqueous solutionaquilaaraarcarc dischargearc lamparc linearc spectrumarc trigonometric function archimedes' principle architectural acoustics arctic circleardometerareal velocity areographyareometer areometry areophysicsargonargon instability argon laserariesarithmetic circuit armarmaturearmature reaction array processor arresterarsenic articulation artificial daylight artificial ear artificial gravity artificial hologram artificial illumination artificial intelligence artificial isotope artificial light artificial lighting artificial lightning artificial line artificial magnet artificial metal artificial minisunartificial nuclear reactionartificial nuclear transformationartificial radioactivityartificial radionuclideartificial rainfallartificial satelliteaseraspect ratioaspheric lensasphericsassemblerassembler languageassociated quantum numberassociated waveassociationassociative detachmentassociative ionizationassumption about the number of collisions astaticastatic galvanometerastatineasterismasteroidasteroid beltasthenosphereastigmatic differenceastigmatic pencilastigmatismastigmatism correctionastigmometryaston's dark space astrionicsastrobiology astroclimatology astrodynamic astrodynamics astrogation astrogeodynamics astrogeophysics astrognosy astrographic camera astrology astromagnetics astrometeorology astrometerastrometricastrometryastronastronomical constant astronomical maser astronomical observatory astronomical photography astronomical photometry astronomical spectroscopy astronomical telescope astronomical unit astronomy astrophotographyastrophysical astrophysical maser astrophysical plasma astrophysics astrorelativity astrospectroscope astrospectroscopy asymmetricasymmetric top asymmetrical asymmetryasymptotic expansion asymptotic field asymptotic formula asymptotic freedom asymptotic solution asymptotic stability asymptotic theorem asynchronous asynchronous motor atiyah singer index theorem atmosphereatmosphere absorption atmospheric acoustics atmospheric attenuation atmospheric circulation atmospheric discharge atmospheric dispersion atmospheric disturbancesatmospheric electricity atmospheric extinction atmospheric humidity atmospheric ionatmospheric ozone atmospheric ozone content atmospheric phenomena atmospheric pressure atmospheric radiation atmospheric refraction atmospheric science atmospheric turbulence atmospheric waves atmosphericsatomatom probeatomic absorptionatomic absorption coefficient atomic batteryatomic beamatomic beam laseratomic beam magnetic resonance atomic beam resonating method atomic bombatomic bondatomic chartatomic clockatomic collisionatomic configurationatomic coreatomic core polarization atomic disintegration atomic dispersionatomic electron shell atomic energyatomic energy level atomic fluorescence analysis atomic form factoratomic frequency standard atomic fuelatomic heat capacity atomic interspaceatomic laseratomic latticeatomic layer epitaxy atomic magnetic moment atomic mass unitatomic modelatomic nucleusatomic numberatomic orbitalatomic permeability atomic physicsatomic polarizationatomic poweratomic power plantatomic reactionatomic scattering factoratomic shellatomic spectroscopyatomic spectrumatomic stopping poweratomic structureatomic structure factoratomic susceptibilityatomic symbolatomic theoryatomic timeatomic unitatomic volumeatomic weightatomic weight unitatomichranatomicityatomisticatomisticsatomizationatomizingattenuated total internal reflection attenuationattenuation constant attenuation distortion attenuation factorattenuation lengthattenuatorattractionattractiveattractive forceattributeaudibilityaudibility factoraudibility thresholdaudibleaudible signalaudible soundaudio amplifieraudio frequencyaudio frequency amplifier audio frequency generator audiogramaudiometeraudiometry audioreproductionauditionauditory nerveauger effectauger electronauger electron emission auger electron spectroscopy auger recombinationauger showerauger spectrumaugmented plane wave methodaural maskingaural rangeaureoleaurigaauroraaurora australisaurora borealisaurora polarisauroral lineauroral zone austausch coefficient austeniteauto photoelectric effect autocatalytic reaction autochrome plate autocollimation autocollimation camera autocorrelation autocorrelation function autocorrelator autodyne autoelectronic autoelectronic emission autogyro autoionization automatautomatic control automatic control systemautomatic control theoryautomatic diffractometerautomatic focusingautomatic frequency controlautomatic powder diffractometer automatic regulatorautomatic tuningautomationautomatonautopilotautoradiographyautotransformerautumnal equinoxauxiliary equipment of nuclear power plant auxiliary quantum numberavailable energyavailable headavailable heatavalancheavalanche diodeavalanche laseravalanche of dislocationsavalanche photodiodeavalanche transistoraverageaverage erroraverage speedaverage timeaverage valueavf cyclotron avogadro's number avrami's equation axial angleaxial currentaxial flowaxial flow pumpaxial forceaxial magnification axial modeaxial pressureaxial ratioaxial raysaxial stressaxial symmetryaxial vectoraxial vector current axial vector interaction axially symmetric flow axinoaxiomaxiomatic field theory axiomatic method axionaxisaxis of collimation axis of lensaxis of projection axis of revolutionaxis of rotationaxis of rotatory inversion axis of rotatory reflection axis of symmetryaxoidazbel kaner effectazbel kaner resonance azimuthazimuth polarimeter azimuth rotator azimuthal mounting azimuthal quantum number azureb a gageb batteryb h curveb phaseb quarkbabinet principlebabinet's compensator back couplingback diffusionback electromotive force back focusback pressureback scattering background count background noisebackground radiation backing vacuum pump backscattering backward flow backward radiation backward scattering bafflebaffle platebag modelbakelitebalancebalanced gyroscope ballast tubeballistic conduction ballistic curve ballistic galvanometer ballistic mode ballistic pendulum ballistic rocket ballistic tone ballisticsbalmer series balsambandband crossingband gapband headband modelband pass filter。