九强生物：关于持股5%以上股东减持股份计划时间过半的进展公告 (1)
LGplc应用指令手册
第五章应用指令5.1 数据传送指令5-15.1.1 MOV, MOVP, DMOV, DMOVP ..................................................... 5-15.1.2 CMOV, CMOVP, DCMOV, DCMOVP .......................................... 5-35.1.3 GMOV, GMOVP .................................................................................. 5-65.1.4 FMOV, FMOVP ................................................................................... 5-85.1.5 BMOV, BMOVP ................................................................................ 5-10 5.2 转换指令5-125.1.1 BCD, BCDP, DBCD, DBCDP ......................................................... 5-125.2.2 BIN, BINP, DBIN, DBINP .............................................................. 5-15 5.3 比拟指令5-185.3.1 CMP, CMPP, DCMP, DCMPP ...................................................... 5-185.3.2 TCMP, TCMPP, DTCMP, DTCMPP .............................................. 5-225.3.3 LD ( =, >, <, >=, <=, <> ) ..................................................... 5-245.3.4 AND ( =, >, <, >=, <=, <>) ................................................... 5-255.3.5 OR ( =, >, <, >=, <=, <>) ...................................................... 5-27 5.4 增加/减少运算5-295.4.1 INC, INCP, DINC, DINCP ............................................................. 5-295.4.2 DEC, DECP, DDEC, DDECP .......................................................... 5-31 5.5 回转指令5-345.5.1 ROL, ROLP, DROL, DROLP .......................................................... 5-345.5.2 ROR, RORP, DROR, DRORP ....................................................... 5-375.5.3 RCL, RCLP, DRCL, DRCLP ............................................................ 5-395.5.4 RCR, RCRP, DRCR, DRCRP .......................................................... 5-425.6 移位指令5-445.6.1 BSFT, BSFTP ...................................................................................... 5-445.6.2 WSFT, WSFTP ................................................................................... 5-465.6.3 SR.......................................................................................................... 5-48 5.7 交换指令5-515.7.1 XCHG, XCHGP, DXCHG, DXCHGP ............................................ 5-51 5.8 BIN 算术指令5-535.8.1 ADD, ADDP, DADD, DADDP ...................................................... 5-535.8.2 SUB, SUBP, DSUB, DSUBP .......................................................... 5-555.8.3 MUL, MULP, DMUL, DMULP ..................................................... 5-575.8.4 MULS, MULSP, DMULS, DMULSP ............................................ 5-605.8.5 DIV, DIVP, DDIV, DDIVP ............................................................... 5-635.8.6 DIVS, DIVSP, DDIVS, DDIVSP .................................................... 5-65 5.9 BCD算术指令5-685.9.1 ADDB, ADDBP, DADDB, DADDBP ........................................... 5-685.9.2 SUBB, SUBBP, DSUBB, DSUBBP ................................................ 5-705.9.3 MULB, MULBP, DMULB, DMULBP ........................................... 5-745.9.4 DIVB, DIVBP, DDIVB, DDIVBP ................................................... 5-76 5.10 逻辑算术指令5-795.10.1 WAND, WANDP, DWAND, DWANDP ..................................... 5-795.10.2 WOR, WORP, DWOR, DWORP ................................................. 5-825.10.3 WXOR, WXORP, DWXOR, DWXORP ....................................... 5-845.10.4 WXNR, WXNRP, DWXNR, DWXNRP ...................................... 5-86 5.11 数据处理指令5-885.11.1 SEG, SEGP ......................................................................................... 5-895.11.2 ASC, ASCP ......................................................................................... 5-925.11.3 BSUM, BSUMP, DBSUM, DBSUMP .......................................... 5-945.11.4 ENCO, ENCOP .................................................................................. 5-975.11.5 DECO, DECOP ................................................................................ 5-1005.11.6 FILR, FILRP, DFILR, DFILRP ....................................................... 5-1025.11.7 FILW, FILWP, DFILW, DFILWP .................................................. 5-1055.11.8 DIS, DISP ......................................................................................... 5-1075.11.9 UNI, UNIP ........................................................................................ 5-1105.11.10 IORF, IORFP .................................................................................... 5-112 5.12 系统指令5-1145.12.1 FALS ................................................................................................... 5-1145.12.2 DUTY ................................................................................................. 5-1155.12.3 WDT, WDTP .................................................................................... 5-1185.12.4 OUTOFF ............................................................................................ 5-1205.12.5 STOP .................................................................................................. 5-121 5.13 跳转指令5-1225.13.1 JMP, JME .......................................................................................... 5-1225.13.2 CALL, CALLP, SBRT, RET ............................................................ 5-124 5.14 循环指令5-1265.14.1 FOR, NEXT ...................................................................................... 5-1275.14.2 BREAK ............................................................................................... 5-128 5.15 标志指令5-1295.15.1 STC, CLC ........................................................................................... 5-1295.15.2 CLE ..................................................................................................... 5-131 5.16 特殊模块指令5-1325.16.1 GET, GETP ........................................................................................ 5-1335.16.2 PUT, PUTP ....................................................................................... 5-135 5.17 数据连接指令5-1375.17.1 READ ................................................................................................. 5-1385.17.2 WRITE ................................................................................................ 5-1415.17.3 RGET .................................................................................................. 5-1435.17.4 RPUT .................................................................................................. 5-1475.17.5 STATUS .............................................................................................. 5-150 5.18 中断指令5-1525.18.1 EI, DI .................................................................................................. 5-1525.18.2 TDINT, IRET ..................................................................................... 5-1535.18.3 INT, IRET .......................................................................................... 5-1555.19 符号反转指令5-1565.19.1 NEG, NEGP, DNEG, DNEGP...................................................... 5-156 5.20 位接触指令5-1595.20.1 BLD, BLDN ....................................................................................... 5-1595.20.2 BAND, BANDN .............................................................................. 5-1605.20.3 BOR, BORN ..................................................................................... 5-1615.20.4 BOUT ................................................................................................. 5-1635.20.5 BSET, BRST ...................................................................................... 5-164 5.21 计算机连接模块指令5-1655.21.1 SND .................................................................................................... 5-1655.21.2 RCV .................................................................................................... 5-166 5.22 高速计数器指令5-1675.22.1 HST ..................................................................................................... 5-1675.22.2 HSC .................................................................................................... 5-170 5.23 RS-485 通讯指令5-1715.23.1 RECV .................................................................................................. 5-1725.23.2 SEND ................................................................................................. 5-1735应用指令5.1.1MOV, MOVP, DMOV, DMOVP1)功能-MOV(P) : 传送在[ S ]中的16位数据至指定的设备[ D ].16 位- DMOV(P) : 传送在指定设备[ S+1, S ]中的32位数据到指定的设备[ D+1, D ].-2) 编程举例在P020检测到一个上升沿，‘h70F3’被传送到P04。
LG变频器说明书iS5-中文说明书
LG变频器说明书iS5-中⽂说明书感谢您选购LG 变频调速器！安全注意事项●始终遵守安全注意事项可以防⽌意外事故及潜在危险的发⽣。
●在本使⽤⼿册中，安全等级分类如下：危险注意在本说明书中，全篇使⽤以下两个图标以使你能明⽩安全注意事项。
在某些确定的条件下可以识别导致⼈⾝伤害的危险。
由于危险电压可能已出现，所以应有意识地特别注意。
在某些确定的条件下可以识别潜在的危险。
仔细阅读相关信息并遵守相关指令。
●为了⽅便取阅使⽤说明书，请就近保存。
●仔细阅读本说明书，使 SV-iS5 系列变频器的性能达到最佳化，并确保安全地使⽤。
危险●当电源已经送电或变频器处于运⾏状态时，不要打开变频器的外壳。
否则，可能发⽣电击。
●变频器前盖被打开时，不要运⾏变频器。
否则，你可能受到⾼压端⼦或裸露在外的充电电容的电击。
●除了进⾏定期检查或者接线外，不要打开变频器的外壳，即使变频器未接输⼊电源。
否则，你可能由于接近充电回路⽽受到电击。
●接线和定期检查应该在拆除输⼊电源并使⽤仪器对直流侧电压进⾏放电（低于DC 30V ）⾄少10分钟以后再操作。
否则，你可能受到电击。
●⽤⼲燥的⼿启动开关。
否则，你可能受到电击。
●不要使⽤绝缘层已经破损的电缆。
否则，你可能受到电击。
●不要使电缆受到擦伤，挤压，超电压和过负载。
否则，你可能受到电击。
不正确的操作可能导致轻微的⼈⾝伤害或物体硬件的损坏。
不正确的操作可能导致严重的⼈⾝伤害或死亡。
注意变频器要安装在不易燃的表⾯，附近不要放置可燃性材料。
否则可能发⽣⽕灾。
如果变频器受到损坏，⽴刻断开输⼊电源。
否则可能导致设备的⼆次损坏和⽕灾。
输⼊电源存在或断开后，变频器残存的热量还会保持⼏分钟。
否则，你可能受到⾝体伤害（例如：⽪肤烧伤或伤害）。
不要给已经受损的或零件缺少的变频器通电，即使安装已经完成。
否则可能发⽣电击。
不允许⿇布，纸屑，⽊屑，灰尘，⾦属碎⽚或其他杂物体进⼊变频器。
否则可能发⽣⽕灾或意外事故。
操作防范●维护与安装按照产品的重量处理。
Oracle Hospitality Suite8 Demand 360 Business Inte
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U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, delivered to U.S. Government end users are "commercial computer software" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation of the programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, shall be subject to license terms and license restrictions applicable to the programs. No other rights are granted to the U.S. Government.
S5指令集
基本操作操作参数范围 1.取决于RLO吗? 典型处功能解释英语德语 2.影响RLO吗? 理时间3.重新装入RLO吗? 微秒布尔逻辑操作 1 2 3A I U E I0.0 -- I127.7 N Y N 1.6 扫描输入操作数是否为"1",且通过逻辑"与"和RLo运算A Q U A Q0.0 -- Q127.7 N Y N 1.6 扫描输出操作数是否为"1",且通过逻辑"与"和RLO运算A F U M F0.0 -- F255.7 N Y N 1.6 扫描标志操作数是否为"1",且通过逻辑"与"和RLO运算A D 注1 U D 注1 D0.00-- D255.15 N Y N 1.6 扫描数据操作数是否为"1",且通过逻辑"与"和RLO运算A T U T T0 -- T255 N Y N 1.6 扫描计时操作数是否为"1",且通过逻辑"与"和RLO运算A C U Z C0 -- C255 N Y N 1.6 扫描计数操作数是否为"1",且通过逻辑"与"和RLO运算AN I UN E I0.0 -- I127.7 N Y N 1.6 扫描输入操作数是否为"0",且通过逻辑"与"和RLO运算AN Q UN A Q0.0 -- Q127.7 NS I S E I0.0 -- I127.7 Y N Y 1.6 输入操作数置"1"S Q S A Q0.0 -- Q127.7 Y N Y 1.6 输出操作数置"1"S F S M F0.0 -- F127.7 Y N Y 1.6 标志操作数置"1"S D S D D0.00-- D255.15 Y N Y 1.6 数据操作数置"1"R I R E I0.0 -- I127.7 Y N Y 1.6 输入操作数置"0"R Q R A Q0.0 -- Q127.7 Y N Y 1.6 输出操作数置"0"R F R M F0.0 -- F127.7 Y N Y 1.6 标志操作数置"0"R D R D D0.00-- D255.15 Y N Y 1.6 数据操作数置"0"= I = E I0.0 -- I127.7 Y N Y 1.6 把ROL的值赋给输入操作数= Q = A Q0.0 -- Q127.7 Y N Y 1.6 把ROL的值赋给输出操作数= F = M F0.0 -- F127.7 Y N Y 1.6 把ROL的值赋给标志操作数= D = D D0.00-- D255.15 Y N Y 1.6 把ROL的值赋给数据操作数计时/计数操作SP T SI T T0 -- T255 Y↑ N Y 3.7 在ROL的前沿启动一个脉冲计时器(存储在ACCU1内)SE T SV T T0 -- T255 Y↑ N Y 3.7 在ROL的前沿启动一个保持性脉冲计时器(存储在ACCU1内)SD T SE T T0 -- T255 Y↑ N Y 3.7 在ROL的前沿启动一个接通延时计时器(存储在ACCU1内)SS T SS T T0 -- T255 Y↑ N Y 3.7 在ROL的前沿启动一个存储式接通延时计时器(存储在ACCU1内)SF T SA T T0 -- T255 Y↑ N Y 3.7 在ROL的后沿启动一个断开延时计时器(存储在ACCU1内)R T R T T0 -- T255 Y N Y 3.7 如果ROL="1"复位一个计时器CU C ZV Z C0 -- C255 Y↑ N Y 3.7 在ROL的前沿,计数器数值增加1CD C ZR Z C0 -- C255 Y↑ N Y 3.7 在ROL的前沿,计数器数值减少1S C S Z C0 -- C255 Y N Y 3.7 如果ROL="1"置位一个计数器R C Z Z C0 -- C255 Y N Y 3.7 如果ROL="1"复位一个计数器装入和传送操作L IB L EB IB0 -- IB127 N N N 1.6 从PII到ACCUM1装入一个输入字节L IW L EW IW0 -- IW126 N N N 1.6 从PIQ到ACCUM1装入一个输入字 (字节n--ACCUM1的高8位,n+1为低8位）L ID L ED ID0 -- ID124 N N N 1.6 从PII到ACCUM装入一个输入双字L QB L AB QB0 -- QB127 N N N 1.6 从PIQ到ACCUM1装入一个输出字节L QW L AW QW0 -- QW126 N N N 1.6 从PIQ到ACCUM1装入一个输出字 (字节n--ACCUM1的高8位,n+1为低8位）L QD L AD QD0 -- QD124 N N N 1.6 从PIQ到ACCUM装入一个输出双字L FB L MB FB0 -- FB255 N N N 1.6 装入一个标志字节到ACCUM1L FW L MW FW0 -- FW254 N N N 1.6 装入一个标志字到ACCUM1 (字节n--ACCUM1的高8位,n+1为低8位)L FD L MD FD0 -- FD252 N N N 1.6 装入一个标志双字到ACCUML DL L DL DL0 -- DL255 N N N 3.4 装入一个当前数据块的数据字(左字节)到ACCUM1 L DR L DR DR0 -- DR255 N N N 3.4 装入一个当前数据块的数据字(右字节)到ACCUM1 L DW L DW DW0 -- DW255 N N N 3.9 装入一个当前数据块的数据字到ACCUM1(n--ACCUM1的高8位,n+1为低8位)L DD L DD DD0 -- DD254 N N N 3.9 装入一个当前数据块的数据双字到ACCUML T L T T0 -- T255 N N N 1.6 装入一个时间值(二进制码)到ACCUM1L C L Z C0 -- C255 N N N 1.6 装入一个计数值(二进制码)到ACCUM1L PB L PB PB0 -- PB127 N N N 6 从中断/计时器PII到ACCUM1装入一个数字/模拟输入模板的输PB128 -- PB255 N N N 6 入字节L PW L PW PW0 -- PW126 N N N 6.7 从中断/计时器PII到ACCUM1装入一个数字/模拟输入模板的输PW128 -- PW254 N N N 6.7 入字(n--ACCUM1高8位，n+1--ACCUM1的低8位)L QB L QB QB0 -- QB255 N N N 1.6 从PIQ到ACCUM1装入一个扩展外设字节L QW L QW QW0 -- QW254 N N N 1.6 从PIQ到ACCUM1装入一个扩展外设字(字节n--ACCUM1的高8位,n+1为低8位）LC T LC T T0 -- T255 N N N 1.6 装入一个时间值(BCD码)到ACCUM1LC C LC Z C0 -- C255 N N N 1.6 装入一个计数值(BCD码)到ACCUM1L KB L KB KB0 -- KB2255 N N N 2.8 装入一个常数:1字节数到ACCUM1L KS L KS 字母数字符 N N N 1.6 装入一个常数:2字符按"ACCI格式"到ACCUM1L KM L KM 位模式（16位） N N N 1.6 装入一个常数:位模式到ACCUM1L KH L KH KH0000 --KHFFFF N N N 1.6 装入一个常数:16进制码到ACCUM1L KF L KF KF0 -- KF N N N 1.6 装入一个常数:定点数到ACCUM1L KY L KY KY0,0--255,255 N N N 1.6 装入一个常数:2字节数到ACCUM1L KT L KT KT0.0 --KT999.3 N N N 1.6 装入一个常数:BCD码的时间值到ACCUM1L KC L KZ KC0 -- KC999 N N N 1.6 装入一个常数:BCD码的计数值到ACCUM1L KG L KG N N N 3 装入一个常数:浮点数到ACCUMT IB T EB 0--127 N N N 1.6 传送ACCUM1的内容到一个输入字节(到PII内)T IW T EW 0--126 N N N 1.6 传送ACCUM1的内容到一个输入字(到PII内) (ACCUM1的高8位--字节n,低8位--n+1)T ID T ED 0--124 N N N 1.6 传送ACCUM1的内容到一个输入双字(到PII内)T QB T AB 0--127 N N N 1.6 传送ACCUM1的内容到一个输出字节(到PIQ内)T QW T AW 0--126 N N N 1.6 传送ACCUM1的内容到一个输出字(到PIQ内) (ACCUM1的高8位--字节n,低8位--n+1)T QD T AD 0--124 N N N 1.6 传送ACCUM1的内容到一个输出双字(到PIQ内)T FB T MB 0-255 N N N 1.6 传送ACCUM1的内容到一个标志字节T FW T MW 0-254 N N N 1.6 传送ACCUM1的内容到一个标志字T FD T MD 0--252 N N N 1.6 传送ACCUM1的内容到一个标志双字T DR T DR 0--255 N N N 2.2 传送ACCUM1的内容到一个数据字(右字节)T DL T DL 0--255 N N N 2.2 传送ACCUM1的内容到一个数据字(左字节)T DW T DW 0--222 N N N 2.7 传送ACCUM1的内容到一个数据字T DD T DD 0--254 N N N 2.7 传送ACCUM1的内容到一个数据双字T PB T PB 0--127 N N N 5.8 在更新PIQ或模拟输出模板的同时,传输ACCUM1的内容到数字T PB T PB 128--255 N N N 5.8 输出模板的一个I/O字节T PW T PW 0--126 N N N 5.5 在更新PIQ或模拟输出模板的同时,传输ACCUM1的内容到数字T PW T PW 128--254 N N N 5.5 输出模板的一个I/O字T QB T QB 0--255 N N N 1.6 传送ACCUM1的内容到一个扩展外设的外设字节T QW T QW 0--254 N N N 1.6 传送ACCUM1的内容到一个扩展外设的外设字"NO"操作NOP 0 NOP 0 N N N 1.6 空操作(全部位复位)NOP 1 NOP 1 N N N 1.6 空操作(全部位置位)停止操作STP STP N N N 58 停止:直到扫描循环结束错误:ID"STS"设置在ISTACK内显示生成操作BLD 130 BLD 130 N N N 1.6 对于PG的显示生成操作:字盘返回形成间隔线BLD 131 BLD 131 N N N 1.6 对于PG的显示生成操作:转换到语句表(STL)BLD 132 BLD 132 N N N 1.6 对于PG的显示生成操作:转换到流程图(CSF)BLD 133 BLD 133 N N N 1.6 对于PG的显示生成操作:转换到梯形图(LAD)BLD 255 BLD 255 N N N 1.6 对于PG的显示生成操作:程序段语句逻辑运算功能AW UW N N N 1.6 通过逻辑"与"将ACCUM2和ACCUM1的内容运算(字操作)结果存入ACCUM1影响CC1/CC0OW OW N N N 1.6 通过逻辑"或"将ACCUM2和ACCUM1的内容运算(字操作)结果存入ACCUM1影响CC1/CC0XOW XOW N N N 1.6 通过EXCLUSIVE"或"将ACCUM2和ACCUM1的内容运算(字操作)结果存入ACCUM1影响CC1/0A = U = N Y N 7.2 "与"操作:扫描形式操作数信号状态测"1"AN = UN = N Y N 7.2 "与"操作:扫描形式操作数信号状态测"0"O = O = N Y N 7.2 "或"操作:扫描形式操作数信号状态测"1"ON = ON = N Y N 7.2 "或"操作:扫描形式操作数信号状态测"0"计时和计数功能FR T FR T Y↑ N Y 3.7 如果RLO="1"接通计时器,作为重新冷启动FR C FR Z Y↑ N Y 3.7 如果RLO="1"接通计数器,作为重新冷启动FR = FR = Y↑ N Y 7.2 使能形式操作数(C,T)作为重新冷启动SP = SI = Y↑ N Y 7.2 形式操作数:用ACCUM1的值作脉冲启动一个计时器并预给定时间SEC= SVZ= Y↑ N Y 7.2 形式操作数:用ACCUM1的值作扩展脉冲启动一个计时器并预给定时间SEC= SVZ= Y↑ N Y 7.2 形式操作数:用后给定的指示计数值设置一个计数器SSU= SSV= Y↑ N Y 7.2 形式操作数:用ACCUM1的值作存储式接通延时计时器启动一个计时器并预给定时间SSU= SSV= Y↑ N Y 7.2 形式操作数:增加计数一个计数器SFD= SAR= Y↓ N Y 7.2 形式操作数:用ACCUM1的值作断开延时计时器启动一个计时器并预给定时间SFD= SAR= Y↓ N Y 7.2 形式操作数:减少计数一个计数器SD = SE = Y↑ N Y 7.2 形式操作数:用ACCUM1的值作接通延时计时器启动一个计时器并预给定时间位操作TB I P E O.O-127.7 N Y N 6.1 测试一个输入(在PII内)为"1"的位TB Q P A O.O-127.7 N Y N 6.1 测试一个输出(在PIQ内)为"1"的位TB F P M 0.0-255.15 N Y N 6.1 测试一个标志为"1"的位TB T P T 0.0-255.15 N Y N 6.1 测试一个计时器为"1"的位TB C P Z 0.0-255.15 N Y N 6.1 测试一个计数器为"1"的位TB D P D 0.0-255.15 N Y N 6.1 测试一个数据字为"1"的位TB RS P BS 0.0-255.15 N Y N 6.1 在系统数据区域内,测试一个数据字为"1"的位TB RT P BT 0.0-255.15 N Y N 6.1 在系统扩展区域内,测试一个数据字为"1"的位TB RI P BA 0.0-255.15 N Y N 6.1 接通系统数据区TB RJ P BB 0.0-255.15 N Y N 6.1 接通系统数据扩展区TBN I PN E O.O-127.7 N Y N 6.1 测试一个输入(在PII内)为"0"的位TBN Q PN A O.O-127.7 N Y N 6.1 测试一个输出(在PIQ内)为"0"的位TBN F PN M 0.0-255.15 N Y N 6.1 测试一个标志为"0"的位TBN T PN T 0.0-255.15 N Y N 6.1 测试一个计时器为"0"的位TBN C PN Z 0.0-255.15 N Y N 6.1 测试一个计数器为"0"的位TBN D PN D 0.0-255.15 N Y N 6.1 测试一个数据字为"0"的位TBN RS PN BS 0.0-255.15 N Y N 6.1 在系统数据区域内,测试一个数据字为"0"的位TBN RT PN BT 0.0-255.15 N Y N 6.1 在系统数据扩展区域内,测试一个数据字为"0"的位TBN RI PN BA 0.0-255.15 N Y N 6.1 接通系统数据区TBN RJ PN BB 0.0-255.15 N Y N 6.1 接通系统数据扩展区SU I SU E O.O-127.7 N N Y 6.1 无条件地对一个输入(在PII内)置位SU Q SU A O.O-127.7 N N Y 6.1 无条件地对一个输出(在PIQ内)置位SU F SU M 0.0-255.15 N N Y 6.1 无条件地对一个标志置位SU T SU T 0.0-255.15 N N Y 6.1 无条件地对一个时间字置位SU C SU Z 0.0-255.15 N N Y 6.1 无条件地对一个计数字置位SU D SU D 0.0-255.15 N N Y 6.1 无条件地对一个数据字置位SU RI SU BA 0.0-255.15 N N Y 6.1 无条件地接通系统数据区对一个数据字置位SU RJ SU BB 0.0-255.15 N N Y 6.1 无条件地接通系统数据扩展区对一个数据字置位RU I RU E O.O-127.7 N N Y 6.1 无条件地对一个输入(在PII内)复位RU Q RU A O.O-127.7 N N Y 6.1 无条件地对一个输出(在PIQ内)复位RU F RU M 0.0-255.15 N N Y 6.1 无条件地对一个标志复位RU T RU T 0.0-255.15 N N Y 6.1 无条件地对一个时间字复位RU C RU Z 0.0-255.15 N N Y 6.1 无条件地对一个计数字复位RU D RU D 0.0-255.15 N N Y 6.1 无条件地对一个数据字复位RU RI RU BA 0.0-255.15 N N Y 6.1 无条件地接通系统数据区对一个数据字复位RU RJ RU BB 0.0-255.15 N N Y 6.1 无条件地接通系统数据扩展区对一个数据字复位置位/复位操作S = S = 形式操作数 Y N Y 6.3 置位一个形式操作数(二进制,当ROL=1时)(I,Q,F) RB = RB = 形式操作数 Y N Y 6.3 复位一个形式操作数(二进制,当ROL=1时)(I,Q,F) RD = RD = 形式操作数 Y N Y 6.3 复位一个形式操作数:使计时器,计数器复位(数字的;当RLO=1时)〓〓〓〓形式操作数 Y N Y 6.3 规定一个形式操作数的状态为RLO的值(二进制)装入/传输操作L = L = 形式操作数I,Q,T,C N N N 4.7 装入一个形式操作数(参数类型I,Q;数据类型BY,W,D)到ACCUM1LC = LC = 形式操作数T,C N N N 4.6 按BCD码装入一个形式操作数(T,C)到ACCUM1 LW = LW = 形式操作数I,Q,F,T,C N N N 3 装入一个位模式的形式操作数(参数类型D;数据类型KC,KT,KF,KH,KY,KS,KM)到ACCUM1LWD= LD= 形式操作数D N N N 4.2 装入一个位模式的形式操作数(参数类型D;数据类型KG)到ACCUM1T = T = 形式操作数I,Q N N N 4.7 传送ACCUM1的内容到形式操作数(参数类型I,Q;数据类型BY,W,D)L RS L BS 0--255 N N N 2.1 从系统数据区域到ACCUM1装入一个字L RT L BT 0--255 N N N 2.1 从系统数据扩展区域到ACCUM1装入一个字L RI L BA 0--255 N N N 2.1 从接通数据区域到ACCUM1装入一个字L RJ L BB 0--255 N N N 2.1 从接通数据扩展区域到ACCUM1装入一个字T RI T BA 0--255 N N N 2.1 传送ACCUM1的内容到接通数据区域T RJ T BB 0--255 N N N 2.1 传送ACCUM1的内容到接通数据扩展区域转换操作CFW KEW N N N 1.2 ACCUM1的"1"的补码形式(定点)CSW KZW N N N 1.2 ACCUM1的"2"的补码形式(定点)CSD KZD N N N 2 ACCUM1的"2"的补码形式(定点双字)DEF DEF N N N 7.5 十进制(BCD)→16位定点数(字)(135U以上机型)DUF DUF N N N 12 16位定点数→十进制(BCD)(字)(135U以上机型)DED DED N N N 24 十进制(BCD)→32位定点数(双字)(135U以上机型)DUD DUD N N N 35 32位定点数→十进制(BCD)(双字)(135U以上机型)FDG FDG N N N 12 32位定点数→双字→浮点数(135U以上机型)GFD GFD N N N 10 浮点数→双字→32定点数(135U以上机型)移位功能SLW SLW 0--15 N N N 10.8 由参数项中的给定值左移ACCUM1的内容,空位补"0"(16位)SRW SRW 0--15 N N N 10.8 由参数项中的给定值右移ACCUM1的内容,空位补"0"(16位)SLD SLD 0--32 N N N 18.8 由参数项中的给定值左移ACCUM1的内容,空位补"0"(32位)SSD SVD 0--32 N N N 18.8 由参数项中的给定值有符号的右移ACCUM1的内容,空位补"0"(32位)RLD RLD 0--32 N N N 26.2 左翻滚(32位)RRD RRD 0--32 N N N 26.2 右翻滚(32位)SSW SVW 0--15 N N N 7.7 由参数项中的给定值带符号的右移ACCUM1的内容,空位补"0"(16位)转移功能JU = SPA= N N N 2.6 无条件跳转到符号地址JC = SPB= Y Y Y 2.6 有条件跳转到符号地址(如果RLO是0它设置到1)JZ = SPZ= N N N 3.1 如果结果为"0"跳转;如果CC1=0且CC0=0仅完成跳转,RLO不改变JN = SPN= N N N 3.1 如果结果不为"0"跳转;如果CC1不等于CC0仅完成跳转,RLO不改变JP = SPP= N N N 3.1 如果结果大于"0"跳转;如果CC1=1且CC0=0仅完成跳转,RLO不改变JM = SPM= N N N 3.1 如果结果小于"0"跳转;如果CC1=0且CC0=0仅完成跳转,RLO不改变JO = SPO= N N N 3.1 溢出跳转;如果溢出值置位仅完成该跳转,RLO不改变JOS= SPS= N N N 3.5 存储溢出跳转;如果溢出值置位仅完成该跳转,RLO不改变其它操作BAF BAF N N N 1.5 释放指令指出BAS BAS N N N 1.5 封锁指令指出RA AF N N N 4.5 允许中断,这个操作解除了IA的影响.释放过程报警处理IA AS N N N 4.5 禁止中断,使输入/输出不能中断或计时器OB不能工作.封锁过程报警处理RAI AAF N N N 4.2 释放请求报警处理IAI AAS N N N 4.2 封锁请求报警处理RAE AFF N N N 3.9 释放编址错误处理IAE AFS N N N 3.9 封锁编址错误处理ENT N N N 1.5 将数据载入算术存储器D D 0--255 N N N 2.4 数值n(0-255)减去ACCUM1的低字节(位0-7)I I 0--255 N N N 2.4 数值n(0-255)加上ACCUM1的低字节(位0-7)DO = B = B N N N 5.9 处理一个(只能替代C DB;JU PB;JU FB;JU SB)形式操作数DO DW 注2 B DW 注2 0--255 N N N 4.8 处理数据字,下一个操作是通过逻辑"或"用数据字中规定的参数运算并执行DO FW 注2 B MW 注2 0--255 N N N 4.4 处理标志字,下一个操作是通过逻辑"或"用标志字中规定的参数运算并执行系统操作设置操作SU RS 204 无条件将系统数据区域的位复位RU RS 204 无条件将系统数据区域的位置位装入和传送操作LIR 0--15 N N N 5.1 间接装入一个存储器的内容到寄存器(0:ACCUM1;2:ACCUM2) TIR 0--15 N N N 5.1 间接传送一个寄存器的内容到存储器(0:ACCUM1;2:ACCUM2) TNB n=(0--255) N N N 1.7*n 一个字节一个字节的传送一个块(字节号0---255)T RS N N N 78 传输一个字到系统数据区域跳转操作JRA N N N 143 在一个功能块的范围内任意跳转(跳转移动:-32768到+32767) 算术操作ADD BN ADD BF N N N 63 把字节常数(定点)加入ACCUM1ADD KF ADD KF N N N 113 把字节常数(字)加入ACCUM1其它操作DI N N N 169 通过一个形式操作数处理(间接的)ACCUM1中形式操作数的号STS N N N 59 停止操作,在这个操作之后立即就中断程序处理TAK N N N 59 交换ACCUM1和ACCUM2的内容比较运算功能!=F !=F N Y N 1.6 如果ACCUM2=ACCUM1比较两个"相等"的定点数,RLO是"1"影响CC1/CC2><F ><F N Y N 1.6 如果ACCUM2><ACCUM1比较两个"不相等"的定点数,RLO是"1"影响CC1/CC2> F > F N Y N 1.6 如果ACCUM2>ACCUM1比较两个"大于"的定点数,RLO是"1"影响CC1/CC2>=F >=F N Y N 1.6 如果ACCUM2>=ACCUM1比较两个"大于或相等"的定点数,RLO是"1"影响CC1/CC2< F < F N Y N 1.6 如果ACCUM2<ACCUM1比较两个"小于"的定点数,RLO是"1"影响CC1/CC2<=F <=F N Y N 1.6 如果ACCUM2<=ACCUM1比较两个"小于或相等"的定点数,RLO是"1"影响CC1/CC2!=D !=D N Y N 1.8 如果ACCUM2=ACCUM1比较两个"相等"的定点双字,RLO是"1"影响CC1/CC2><D ><D N Y N 1.8 如果ACCUM2><ACCUM1比较两个"不相等"的定点双字,RLO是"1"影响CC1/CC2> D > D N Y N 1.8 如果ACCUM2>ACCUM1比较两个"大于"的定点双字,RLO是"1"影响CC1/CC2>=D >=D N Y N 1.8 如果ACCUM2>=ACCUM1比较两个"大于或相等"的定点双字,RLO是"1"影响CC1/CC2< D < D N Y N 1.8 如果ACCUM2<ACCUM1比较两个"小于"的定点双字,RLO是"1"影响CC1/CC2<=D <=D N Y N 1.8 如果ACCUM2<=ACCUM1比较两个"小于或相等"的定点双字,RLO是"1"影响CC1/CC2!=G !=G N Y N 4.6 如果ACCUM2=ACCUM1比较两个"相等"的浮点数,RLO是"1"影响CC1/CC2><G ><G N Y N 4.6 如果ACCUM2><ACCUM1比较两个"不相等"的浮点数,RLO是"1"影响CC1/CC2> G > G N Y N 4.6 如果ACCUM2>ACCUM1比较两个"大于"的浮点数,RLO是"1"影响CC1/CC2>=G >=G N Y N 4.6 如果ACCUM2>=ACCUM1比较两个"大于或相等"的浮点数,RLO是"1"影响CC1/CC2< G < G N Y N 4.6 如果ACCUM2<ACCUM1比较两个"小于"的浮点数,RLO是"1"影响CC1/CC2<=G <=G N Y N 4.6 如果ACCUM2<=ACCUM1比较两个"小于或相等"的浮点数,RLO是"1"影响CC1/CC2算术运算功能+ F + F N N N 1.9 把2个定点数相加;ACCUM1+ACCUM2- F - F N N N 1.9 从一个定点数减去另一个定点数;ACCUM2-ACCUM1* F * F N N N 8 把2个定点数相乘;ACCUM1*ACCUM2/ F / F N N N 10 从一个定点数除以另一个定点数;ACCUM2/ACCUM1+ G + G N N N 14 把2个浮点数相加;ACCUM1+ACCUM2- G - G N N N 14 从一个浮点数减去另一个浮点数;ACCUM2-ACCUM1 * G * G N N N 13 把2个浮点数相乘;ACCUM1*ACCUM2/ G / G N N N 16 从一个浮点数除以另一个浮点数;ACCUM2/ACCUM1模块调用JU OB SPA OB 0--255 N N Y 6.7 无条件调用一个组织块JU PB SPA PB 0--255 N N Y 6.7 无条件调用一个程序块JU FB SPA FB 0--255 N N Y 6.7 无条件调用一个功能块JU SB SPA SB 0--255 N N Y 6.7 无条件调用一个顺序块JU FX SPA FX 0--255 N N Y 6.7 无条件调用一个功能块JC OB JC OB 0--255 Y Y设为1 Y 6.7 无条件调用一个组织块JC PB SPB PB 0--255 Y Y设为1 Y 6.7 无条件调用一个程序块JC FB SPB FB 0--255 Y Y设为1 Y 6.7 无条件调用一个功能块JC SB SPB SB 0--255 Y Y设为1 Y 6.7 无条件调用一个顺序块C DB A DB 0--255 N N N 3.6 调入一个数据块G DB DB N N N 254 生成一个数据块返回操作BE BE N N Y 5 块结束(一个块的结束)BEC BBE Y Y设为1 Y 5 块有条件结束BEU BEA N N Y 5 块无条件结束(在组织块内不能用)。
5_氟尿嘧啶合成工艺研究_吕早生
作者以自制的化 合 物 Ⅳ 为 原 料 ， 在甲醇钠催化下 不经分离直接与 Ｏ－甲 基 异 脲 硫 与 Ⅲ 缩合得化合物 Ⅱ ， ， 酸盐环合得中间体 ２ 然后在 ５ － 甲氧基－ － 氟尿 嘧 啶 （ Ⅴ） 稀盐酸中水解为化合物 Ⅰ 。 反应路线如下 ：
Ｆ
師
Ｆ ＣＨ２Ｃ Ｏ ＯＭ ｅ ａ ＯＣＨ ＣＣ Ｏ ＯＭ ｅ → → Ｎ
１ ２， １ ３］ ， 原料难得 ， 环的衍生物出发 ［ 不适合工业生产 。
合成 氟 代 嘧 啶 类 抗 肿 瘤 药 物 的 关 键 中 间 体
［ ２， ３］
。目
前， 直 接 氟 化 法、 缩合环 Ⅰ 的合成方法可归 纳 为 ３ 种 ： 化法和其它方法 。 直接氟化法是以尿嘧啶 、 胞嘧啶 、 乳 稀释的氟气 清酸等为原料 ， 与惰性气体（ Ｈ ｅ Ｎ ２、 ２） 或活泼性的含 氟 化 合 物 （ Ｆ、 Ｃ Ｘ ｅ Ｆ Ｃ Ｆ ３Ｏ １ ９ ６等）
ＣＨ３ＯＮ １ 试剂与仪器 氯乙酸 甲 酯 、 乙 酰 胺、 无 水 甲 醇、 金 属 钠、 甲 苯、 浓 ； 喷雾干燥 盐酸 ， 分析纯 ； Ｏ－甲基 异 脲 硫 酸 盐 （ ５％ ） ９ ９． ， 使用前于 １ 氟化钾 （ Ｆ） ０ ℃ 真空干燥 ３ｈ。 ５ Ｓ Ｄ－Ｋ
５ － 氟尿嘧啶合成工艺研究
吕早生 ， 赵金龙 ， 黄吉林 ， 胡 亚， 张路平 ） （ 武汉科技大学化学工程与技术学院 ， 湖北 武汉 ４ ０ ０ ８ １ ３
， 化 合 物 Ⅱ） 化合物 摘 要： 以氟乙酸甲酯为原料 ， 在甲醇钠催化下与甲酸乙 酯 缩 合 得 氟 代 甲 酰 乙 酸 酯 烯 醇 式 钠 盐 （ ， 氟乙酸甲酯） 化合物 Ⅴ ） ５ Ⅱ 与 Ｏ－甲基异脲硫酸盐环合得 ２ －甲氧基－ －氟尿嘧啶 （ －氟 尿 嘧 啶 。 在 ｎ（ Ⅴ 在稀盐酸中水 解 为 ５ 缩合温度为３ 缩 合 时 间 为 ２ｈ、 环合温度 钠 ）∶ 甲酸乙酯 ） ５ ℃、 ∶ ∶ ０∶３． ０∶２． ５∶１． ０、 ｎ（ ｎ（ ｎ（ Ｏ－甲基异脲硫酸盐 ） ＝１． 为４ 环合时间为 ６ｈ 以及水解温度为 ６ 纯度大于 ９ 其结构 目标化合物总收率为 ４ ０ ℃、 ０ ℃ 的最佳反应条件下 ， ５． ３％ 、 ５％ ，
NORMA 4000 5000 Power Analyzer 用户说明手册说明书
Since some countries or states do not allow limitation of the term of an implied warranty, or exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, the limitations and exclusions of this warranty may not apply to every buyer. If any provision of this Warranty is held invalid or unenforceable by a court or other decision-maker of competent jurisdiction, such holding will not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision.
BEGRENZTE GEWÄHRLEISTUNG UND HAFTUNGSBESCHRÄNKUNG
Fluke gewährleistet, daß jedes Fluke-Produkt unter normalem Gebrauch und Service frei von Material- und Fertigungsdefekten ist. Die Garantiedauer beträgt 2 Jahre ab Versanddatum. Die Garantiedauer für Teile, Produktreparaturen und Service beträgt 90 Tage. Diese Garantie wird ausschließlich dem Erster
2020秋七彩课堂初中英语人教版九年级上册教学课件Unit 5 Section B 2a-2e
Paper cutting is one of the most popular traditional folk arts in China. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations , they are used to decorate doors, rooms and windows. The color most frequently used is red. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world, which is often used as be the gift for foreign friends.
Chinese clay art is famous because the clay pieces are so small but they look very real. The pieces are usually cute children or lively characters from a Chinese fairy tale or historical story. The pieces are carefully shaped by hand from a very special kind of clay and then allowed to air-dry. After drying, they are fired at a very high heat.
traditional art.
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Do you know about any Chinese traditional arts ?
ISPM15(2009英文版)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR PHYTOSANITARY MEASURESPublication historyThis is not an official part of the standard1999-10 ICPM-2 added topic Wood packing (1999-001)2000-06 ad-hoc EWG developed draft text2001-02 EWG developed draft text2001-05 ISC-3 revised draft text and approved for MC2001-06 Sent for MC2001-11 ISC-4 revised draft text for adoption2002-03 ICPM-4 adopted standardISPM 15. 2002. Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade. Rome, IPPC, FAO.2005-03 TPFQ revised Annex 1 Methyl bromide fumigation schedule (2005-011)2005-05 SC revised Annex1 and approved for MC2005-06 Sent for MC under fast-track process2005-11 SC revised Annex 1 for adoption2006-04 CPM-1 adopted revised Annex 1ISPM 15. 2006. Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade. Rome, IPPC, FAO.2006-04 CPM-1 added topic Revision of ISPM No. 15 (2006-036)2006-05 SC approved Specification 31 Revision of ISPM No. 152007-07 TPFQ revised standard2008-05 SC revised and approved for MC2008-06 Sent for MC2008-11 SC revised standard for adoption2009-03 CPM-4 adopted revised standardISPM 15. 2009. Regulation of wood packaging material in international trade. Rome, IPPC, FAO. Publication history: Last modified August 2011CONTENTSAdoption ............................................................................................................................................. 15-5 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 15-5 Scope .................................................................................................................................................. 15-5 Environmental Statement ................................................................................................................... 15-5 References .......................................................................................................................................... 15-5 Definitions .......................................................................................................................................... 15-6 Outline of Requirements .................................................................................................................... 15-6 REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................................. 15-71. Basis for Regulation .................................................................................................................... 15-72. Regulated Wood Packaging Material.......................................................................................... 15-72.1 Exemptions .................................................................................................................. 15-73. Phytosanitary Measures for Wood Packaging Material .............................................................. 15-73.1 Approved phytosanitary measures .............................................................................. 15-83.2 Approval of new or revised treatments ....................................................................... 15-83.3 Alternative bilateral arrangements .............................................................................. 15-84. Responsibilities of NPPOs .......................................................................................................... 15-94.1 Regulatory considerations ........................................................................................... 15-94.2 Application and use of the mark ................................................................................. 15-94.3 Treatment and marking requirements for wood packaging material that is reused,repaired or remanufactured ......................................................................................... 15-94.3.1 Reuse of wood packaging material ............................................................................. 15-94.3.2 Repaired wood packaging material ............................................................................. 15-94.3.3 Remanufactured wood packaging material ............................................................... 15-104.4 Transit ....................................................................................................................... 15-104.5 Procedures upon import ............................................................................................ 15-104.6 Phytosanitary measures for non-compliance at point of entry .................................. 15-10 ANNEX 1: Approved treatments associated with wood packaging material................................... 15-12 ANNEX 2: The mark and its application ......................................................................................... 15-14 APPENDIX 1: Examples of methods of secure disposal of non-compliant wood packaging material ................................................................................................................. 15-17AdoptionThis standard was first adopted by the Fourth Session of the Interim Commission on Phytosanitary Measures in March 2002 as Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade. Modifications to Annex 1 were adopted by the First Session of the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures in April 2006. The first revision was adopted by the Fourth Session of the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures in March–April 2009 as the present standard, ISPM 15:2009. INTRODUCTIONScopeThis standard describes phytosanitary measures that reduce the risk of introduction and spread of quarantine pests associated with the movement in international trade of wood packaging material made from raw wood. Wood packaging material covered by this standard includes dunnage but excludes wood packaging made from wood processed in such a way that it is free from pests (e.g. plywood).The phytosanitary measures described in this standard are not intended to provide ongoing protection from contaminating pests or other organisms.Environmental StatementPests associated with wood packaging material are known to have negative impacts on forest health and biodiversity. Implementation of this standard is considered to reduce significantly the spread of pests and subsequently their negative impacts. In the absence of alternative treatments being available for certain situations or to all countries, or the availability of other appropriate packaging materials, methyl bromide treatment is included in this standard. Methyl bromide is known to deplete the ozone layer. An IPPC Recommendation on the Replacement or reduction of the use of methyl bromide as a phytosanitary measure (CPM, 2008) has been adopted in relation to this issue. Alternative treatments that are more environmentally friendly are being pursued.ReferencesCPM. 2008. Replacement or reduction of the use of methyl bromide as a phytosanitary measure. IPPC Recommendation. In Report of the Third Session of the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures, Rome, 7–11 April 2008, Appendix 6. Rome, IPPC, FAO.IPPC. 1997. International Plant Protection Convention. Rome, IPPC, FAO.ISO 3166-1:2006. Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes. Geneva, International Organization for Standardization (available at /iso/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists.htm).ISPM 5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms. Rome, IPPC, FAO.ISPM 7. 1997. Export certification system. Rome, IPPC, FAO.ISPM 20. 2004. Guidelines for a phytosanitary import regulatory system. Rome, IPPC, FAO.ISPM 23. 2005. Guidelines for inspection. Rome, IPPC, FAO.ISPM 13. 2001. Guidelines for the notification of non-compliance and emergency action. Rome, IPPC, FAO.ISPM 25. 2006. Consignments in transit. Rome, IPPC, FAO.ISPM 28. 2007. Phytosanitary treatments for regulated pests. Rome, IPPC, FAO.UNEP. 2000. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. Nairobi, Ozone Secretariat, United Nations Environment Programme. ISBN: 92-807-1888-6 (/ozone/pdfs/Montreal-Protocol2000.pdf).DefinitionsDefinitions of phytosanitary terms used in this standard can be found in ISPM 5 (Glossary of phytosanitary terms).Outline of RequirementsApproved phytosanitary measures that significantly reduce the risk of pest introduction and spread via wood packaging material consist of the use of debarked wood (with a specified tolerance for remaining bark) and the application of approved treatments (as prescribed in Annex 1). The application of the recognized mark (as prescribed in Annex 2) ensures that wood packaging material subjected to the approved treatments is readily identifiable. The approved treatments, the mark and its use are described.The national plant protection organizations (NPPOs) of exporting and importing countries have specific responsibilities. Treatment and application of the mark must always be under the authority of the NPPO. NPPOs that authorize the use of the mark should supervise (or, as a minimum, audit or review) the application of the treatments, use of the mark and its application, as appropriate, by producer/treatment providers and should establish inspection or monitoring and auditing procedures. Specific requirements apply to wood packaging material that is repaired or remanufactured. NPPOs of importing countries should accept the approved phytosanitary measures as the basis for authorizing entry of wood packaging material without further wood packaging material-related phytosanitary import requirements and may verify on import that the requirements of the standard have been met. Where wood packaging material does not comply with the requirements of this standard, NPPOs are also responsible for measures implemented and notification of non-compliance, as appropriate.REQUIREMENTS1. Basis for RegulationWood originating from living or dead trees may be infested by pests. Wood packaging material is frequently made of raw wood that may not have undergone sufficient processing or treatment to remove or kill pests and therefore remains a pathway for the introduction and spread of quarantine pests. Dunnage in particular has been shown to present a high risk of introduction and spread of quarantine pests. Furthermore, wood packaging material is very often reused, repaired or remanufactured (as described in section 4.3). The true origin of any piece of wood packaging material is difficult to determine, and thus its phytosanitary status cannot easily be ascertained. Therefore the normal process of undertaking pest risk analysis to determine if measures are necessary, and the strength of such measures, is frequently not possible for wood packaging material. For this reason, this standard describes internationally accepted measures that may be applied to wood packaging material by all countries to reduce significantly the risk of introduction and spread of most quarantine pests that may be associated with that material.2. Regulated Wood Packaging MaterialThese guidelines cover all forms of wood packaging material that may serve as a pathway for pests posing a pest risk mainly to living trees. They cover wood packaging material such as crates, boxes, packing cases, dunnage 12.1 Exemptions, pallets, cable drums and spools/reels, which can be present in almost any imported consignment, including consignments that would not normally be subject to phytosanitary inspection.The following articles are of sufficiently low risk to be exempted from the provisions of this standard 2- wood packaging material made entirely from thin wood (6 mm or less in thickness): - wood packaging made wholly of processed wood material, such as plywood, particle board,oriented strand board or veneer that has been created using glue, heat or pressure, or a combination thereof- barrels for wine and spirit that have been heated during manufacture- gift boxes for wine, cigars and other commodities made from wood that has been processedand/or manufactured in a way that renders it free of pests- sawdust, wood shavings and wood wool- wood components permanently attached to freight vehicles and containers.3. Phytosanitary Measures for Wood Packaging MaterialThis standard describes phytosanitary measures (including treatments) that have been approved for wood packaging material and provides for the approval of new or revised treatments.1Consignments of wood (i.e. timber/lumber) may be supported by dunnage that is constructed from wood of the same type and quality and that meets the same phytosanitary requirements as the wood in the consignment. In such cases, the dunnage may be considered as part of the consignment and may not be considered as wood packaging material in the context of this standard.2 Not all types of gift boxes or barrels are constructed in a manner that renders them pest free, and therefore certain types may be considered to be within the scope of this standard. Where appropriate, specific arrangements related to these types of commodities may be established between importing and exporting NPPOs.3.1 Approved phytosanitary measuresThe approved phytosanitary measures described in this standard consist of phytosanitary procedures including treatments and marking of the wood packaging material. The application of the mark renders the use of a phytosanitary certificate unnecessary as it indicates that the internationally accepted phytosanitary measures have been applied. These phytosanitary measures should be accepted by all NPPOs as the basis for authorizing the entry of wood packaging material without further specific requirements. Required phytosanitary measures beyond an approved measure as described in this standard require technical justification.The treatments described in Annex 1 are considered to be significantly effective against most pests of living trees associated with wood packaging material used in international trade. These treatments are combined with the use of debarked wood for construction of wood packaging, which also acts to reduce the likelihood of reinfestation by pests of living trees. These measures have been adopted based on consideration of:-the range of pests that may be affected-the efficacy of the treatment-the technical and/or commercial feasibility.There are three main activities involved in the production of approved wood packaging material (including dunnage): treating, manufacturing and marking. These activities can be done by separate entities, or one entity can do several or all of these activities. For ease of reference, this standard refers to producers (those that manufacture the wood packaging material and may apply the mark to appropriately treated wood packaging material) and treatment providers (those that apply the approved treatments and may apply the mark to appropriately treated wood packaging material).Wood packaging material subjected to the approved measures shall be identified by application of an official mark in accordance with Annex 2. This mark consists of a dedicated symbol used in conjunction with codes identifying the specific country, the responsible producer or treatment provider, and the treatment applied. Hereafter, all components of such a mark are referred to collectively as “the mark”. The internationally recognized, non-language-specific mark facilitates identification of treated wood packaging material during inspection prior to export, at the point of entry, or elsewhere. NPPOs should accept the mark as referred to in Annex 2 as the basis for authorizing the entry of wood packaging material without further specific requirements.Debarked wood must be used for the construction of wood packaging material, in addition to application of one of the adopted treatments specified in Annex 1. A tolerance for remaining bark is specified in Annex 1.3.2 Approval of new or revised treatmentsAs new technical information becomes available, existing treatments may be reviewed and modified, and new alternative treatments and/or treatment schedule(s) for wood packaging material may be adopted by the CPM. ISPM 28:2007 provides guidance on the IPPC’s process for approval of treatments. If a new treatment or a revised treatment schedule is adopted for wood packaging material and incorporated into this ISPM, material already treated under the previous treatment and/or schedule does not need to be re-treated or re-marked.3.3 Alternative bilateral arrangementsNPPOs may accept measures other than those listed in Annex 1 by bilateral arrangement with their trading partners. In such cases, the mark shown in Annex 2 must not be used unless all requirements of this standard have been met.4. Responsibilities of NPPOsTo meet the objective of preventing the introduction and spread of pests, exporting and importing contracting parties and their NPPOs have responsibilities (as outlined in Articles I, IV and VII of the IPPC). In relation to this standard, specific responsibilities are outlined below.4.1 Regulatory considerationsTreatment and application of the mark (and/or related systems) must always be under the authority of the NPPO. NPPOs that authorize use of the mark have the responsibility for ensuring that all systems authorized and approved for implementation of this standard meet all necessary requirements described within the standard, and that wood packaging material (or wood that is to be made into wood packaging material) bearing the mark has been treated and/or manufactured in accordance with this standard. Responsibilities include:-authorization, registration and accreditation, as appropriate-monitoring treatment and marking systems implemented in order to verify compliance (further information on related responsibilities is provided in ISPM 7:1997)-inspection, establishing verification procedures and auditing where appropriate (further information is provided in ISPM 23:2005).The NPPO should supervise (or, as a minimum, audit or review) the application of the treatments, and authorize use of the mark and its application as appropriate. To prevent untreated or insufficiently/incorrectly treated wood packaging material bearing the mark, treatment should be carried out prior to application of the mark.4.2 Application and use of the markThe specified marks applied to wood packaging material treated in accordance with this standard must conform to the requirements described in Annex 2.4.3 Treatment and marking requirements for wood packaging material that is reused,repaired or remanufacturedNPPOs of countries where wood packaging material that bears the mark described in Annex 2 is repaired or remanufactured have responsibility for ensuring and verifying that systems related to export of such wood packaging material comply fully with this standard.4.3.1 Reuse of wood packaging materialA unit of wood packaging material that has been treated and marked in accordance with this standard and that has not been repaired, remanufactured or otherwise altered does not require re-treatment or re-application of the mark throughout the service life of the unit.4.3.2 Repaired wood packaging materialRepaired wood packaging material is wood packaging material that has had up to approximately one third of its components removed and replaced. NPPOs must ensure that when marked wood packaging material is repaired, only wood treated in accordance with this standard is used for the repair, or wood constructed or fabricated from processed wood material (as described in section 2.1). Where treated wood is used for the repair, each added component must be individually marked in accordance with this standard.Wood packaging material bearing multiple marks may create problems in determining the origin of the wood packaging material if pests are found associated with it. It is recommended that NPPOs of countries where wood packaging material is repaired limit the number of different marks that may appear on a single unit of wood packaging material. Therefore NPPOs of countries where woodpackaging material is repaired may require the repaired wood packaging material to have previous marks obliterated, the unit to be re-treated in accordance with Annex 1, and the mark then applied in accordance with Annex 2. If methyl bromide is used for the re-treatment, the information in the IPPC Recommendation on the Replacement or reduction of the use of methyl bromide as a phytosanitary measure (CPM, 2008) should be taken into account.In circumstances where there is any doubt that all components of a unit of repaired wood packaging material have been treated in accordance with this standard, or the origin of the unit of wood packaging material or its components is difficult to ascertain, the NPPOs of countries where wood packaging material is repaired should require the repaired wood packaging material to be re-treated, destroyed, or otherwise prevented from moving in international trade as wood packaging material compliant with this standard. In the case of re-treatment, any previous applications of the mark must be permanently obliterated (e.g. by covering with paint or grinding). After re-treatment, the mark must be applied anew in accordance with this standard.4.3.3 Remanufactured wood packaging materialIf a unit of wood packaging material has had more than approximately one third of its components replaced, the unit is considered to be remanufactured. In this process, various components (with additional reworking if necessary) may be combined and then reassembled into further wood packaging material. Remanufactured wood packaging material may therefore incorporate both new and previously used components.Remanufactured wood packaging material must have any previous applications of the mark permanently obliterated (e.g. by covering with paint or grinding). Remanufactured wood packaging material must be re-treated and the mark must then be applied anew in accordance with this standard.4.4 TransitWhere consignments moving in transit have wood packaging material that does not meet the requirements of this standard, NPPOs of countries of transit may require measures to ensure that wood packaging material does not present an unacceptable risk. Further guidance on transit arrangements is provided in ISPM 25:2006.4.5 Procedures upon importSince wood packaging materials are associated with most shipments, including those not considered to be the target of phytosanitary inspections in their own right, cooperation by NPPOs with organizations not usually involved with verification of whether the phytosanitary import requirements have been met is important. For example, cooperation with Customs organizations and other stakeholders will help NPPOs in receiving information on the presence of wood packaging material. This is important to ensure effectiveness in detecting potential non-compliance of wood packaging material.4.6 Phytosanitary measures for non-compliance at point of entryRelevant information on non-compliance and emergency action is provided in sections 5.1.6.1 to 5.1.6.3 of ISPM 20:2004, and in ISPM 13:2001. Taking into account the frequent re-use of wood packaging material, NPPOs should consider that the non-compliance identified may have arisen in the country of production, repair or remanufacture, rather than in the country of export or transit.Where wood packaging material does not carry the required mark, or the detection of pests provides evidence that the treatment may not have been effective, the NPPO should respond accordingly and, if necessary, an emergency action may be taken. This action may take the form of detention while the situation is being addressed then, as appropriate, removal of non-compliant material, treatment3, 3 This need not necessarily be a treatment approved in this standard.destruction (or other secure disposal) or reshipment. Further examples of appropriate options for actions are provided in Appendix 1. The principle of minimal impact should be pursued in relation to any emergency action taken, distinguishing between the consignment traded and the accompanying wood packaging material. In addition, if emergency action is necessary and methyl bromide is used by the NPPO, relevant aspects of the IPPC Recommendation on Replacement or reduction of the use of methyl bromide as a phytosanitary measure (CPM, 2008) should be followed.The NPPO of the importing country should notify the exporting country, or the manufacturing country where applicable, in cases where live pests are found. In such cases, where a unit of wood packaging material bears more than one mark NPPOs should attempt to determine the origin of the non-compliant component(s) prior to sending a notice of non-compliance. NPPOs are also encouraged to notify cases of missing marks and other cases of non-compliance. Taking into account the provisions of section 4.3.2, it should be noted that the presence of multiple marks on a single unit of wood packaging does not constitute non-compliance.This annex is a prescriptive part of the standard.ANNEX 1: Approved treatments associated with wood packaging materialUse of debarked woodIrrespective of the type of treatment applied, wood packaging material must be made of debarked wood. For this standard, any number of visually separate and clearly distinct small pieces of bark may remain if they are:- less than 3 cm in width (regardless of the length) or- greater than 3 cm in width, with the total surface area of an individual piece of bark less than 50square cm.For methyl bromide treatment the removal of bark must be carried out before treatment because the presence of bark on the wood affects the efficacy of the methyl bromide treatment. For heat treatment, the removal of bark can be carried out before or after treatment.Heat treatment (treatment code for the mark: HT)Wood packaging material must be heated in accordance with a specific time–temperature schedule that achieves a minimum temperature of 56 °C for a minimum duration of 30 continuous minutes throughout the entire profile of the wood (including at its core). Various energy sources or processes may be suitable to achieve these parameters. For example, kiln-drying, heat-enabled chemical pressure impregnation, microwave or other treatments may all be considered heat treatments provided that they meet the heat treatment parameters specified in this standard.Methyl bromide treatment (treatment code for the mark: MB)Use of methyl bromide should be undertaken taking into account the IPPC Recommendation Replacement or reduction of the use of methyl bromide as a phytosanitary measure (CPM, 2008). NPPOs are encouraged to promote the use of alternative treatments approved in this standard.4The wood packaging material must be fumigated with methyl bromide in accordance with a schedule that achieves the minimum concentration-time product5Table 1: Minimum CT over 24 hours for wood packaging material fumigated with methyl bromide(CT) over 24 hours at the temperature and final residual concentration specified in Table 1. This CT must be achieved throughout the wood, including at its core, although the concentrations would be measured in the ambient atmosphere. The minimum temperature of the wood and its surrounding atmosphere must be not less than 10 °C and the minimum exposure time must be not less than 24 hours. Monitoring of gas concentrations must be carried out at a minimum at 2, 4 and 24 hours (in the case of longer exposure times and weaker concentrations, additional measurement should be recorded at the end of fumigation).One example of a schedule that may be used for achieving the specified requirements is shown in Table 2.4 In addition, contracting parties to the IPPC may also have obligations under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (UNEP, 2000).5 The CT product utilized for methyl bromide treatment in this standard is the sum of the product of the concentration (g/m 3) and time (h) over the duration of the treatment.。
Glider Flying Handbook说明书
Glider Flying Handbook2013U.S. Department of TransportationFEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATIONFlight Standards Servicei iPrefaceThe Glider Flying Handbook is designed as a technical manual for applicants who are preparing for glider category rating and for currently certificated glider pilots who wish to improve their knowledge. Certificated flight instructors will find this handbook a valuable training aid, since detailed coverage of aeronautical decision-making, components and systems, aerodynamics, flight instruments, performance limitations, ground operations, flight maneuvers, traffic patterns, emergencies, soaring weather, soaring techniques, and cross-country flight is included. Topics such as radio navigation and communication, use of flight information publications, and regulations are available in other Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) publications.The discussion and explanations reflect the most commonly used practices and principles. Occasionally, the word “must” or similar language is used where the desired action is deemed critical. The use of such language is not intended to add to, interpret, or relieve a duty imposed by Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR). Persons working towards a glider rating are advised to review the references from the applicable practical test standards (FAA-G-8082-4, Sport Pilot and Flight Instructor with a Sport Pilot Rating Knowledge Test Guide, FAA-G-8082-5, Commercial Pilot Knowledge Test Guide, and FAA-G-8082-17, Recreational Pilot and Private Pilot Knowledge Test Guide). Resources for study include FAA-H-8083-25, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, FAA-H-8083-2, Risk Management Handbook, and Advisory Circular (AC) 00-6, Aviation Weather For Pilots and Flight Operations Personnel, AC 00-45, Aviation Weather Services, as these documents contain basic material not duplicated herein. All beginning applicants should refer to FAA-H-8083-25, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, for study and basic library reference.It is essential for persons using this handbook to become familiar with and apply the pertinent parts of 14 CFR and the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM). The AIM is available online at . The current Flight Standards Service airman training and testing material and learning statements for all airman certificates and ratings can be obtained from .This handbook supersedes FAA-H-8083-13, Glider Flying Handbook, dated 2003. Always select the latest edition of any publication and check the website for errata pages and listing of changes to FAA educational publications developed by the FAA’s Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630.This handbook is available for download, in PDF format, from .This handbook is published by the United States Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125.Comments regarding this publication should be sent, in email form, to the following address:********************************************John M. AllenDirector, Flight Standards Serviceiiii vAcknowledgmentsThe Glider Flying Handbook was produced by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) with the assistance of Safety Research Corporation of America (SRCA). The FAA wishes to acknowledge the following contributors: Sue Telford of Telford Fishing & Hunting Services for images used in Chapter 1JerryZieba () for images used in Chapter 2Tim Mara () for images used in Chapters 2 and 12Uli Kremer of Alexander Schleicher GmbH & Co for images used in Chapter 2Richard Lancaster () for images and content used in Chapter 3Dave Nadler of Nadler & Associates for images used in Chapter 6Dave McConeghey for images used in Chapter 6John Brandon (www.raa.asn.au) for images and content used in Chapter 7Patrick Panzera () for images used in Chapter 8Jeff Haby (www.theweatherprediction) for images used in Chapter 8National Soaring Museum () for content used in Chapter 9Bill Elliot () for images used in Chapter 12.Tiffany Fidler for images used in Chapter 12.Additional appreciation is extended to the Soaring Society of America, Inc. (), the Soaring Safety Foundation, and Mr. Brad Temeyer and Mr. Bill Martin from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for their technical support and input.vv iPreface (iii)Acknowledgments (v)Table of Contents (vii)Chapter 1Gliders and Sailplanes ........................................1-1 Introduction....................................................................1-1 Gliders—The Early Years ..............................................1-2 Glider or Sailplane? .......................................................1-3 Glider Pilot Schools ......................................................1-4 14 CFR Part 141 Pilot Schools ...................................1-5 14 CFR Part 61 Instruction ........................................1-5 Glider Certificate Eligibility Requirements ...................1-5 Common Glider Concepts ..............................................1-6 Terminology...............................................................1-6 Converting Metric Distance to Feet ...........................1-6 Chapter 2Components and Systems .................................2-1 Introduction....................................................................2-1 Glider Design .................................................................2-2 The Fuselage ..................................................................2-4 Wings and Components .............................................2-4 Lift/Drag Devices ...........................................................2-5 Empennage .....................................................................2-6 Towhook Devices .......................................................2-7 Powerplant .....................................................................2-7 Self-Launching Gliders .............................................2-7 Sustainer Engines .......................................................2-8 Landing Gear .................................................................2-8 Wheel Brakes .............................................................2-8 Chapter 3Aerodynamics of Flight .......................................3-1 Introduction....................................................................3-1 Forces of Flight..............................................................3-2 Newton’s Third Law of Motion .................................3-2 Lift ..............................................................................3-2The Effects of Drag on a Glider .....................................3-3 Parasite Drag ..............................................................3-3 Form Drag ...............................................................3-3 Skin Friction Drag ..................................................3-3 Interference Drag ....................................................3-5 Total Drag...................................................................3-6 Wing Planform ...........................................................3-6 Elliptical Wing ........................................................3-6 Rectangular Wing ...................................................3-7 Tapered Wing .........................................................3-7 Swept-Forward Wing ..............................................3-7 Washout ..................................................................3-7 Glide Ratio .................................................................3-8 Aspect Ratio ............................................................3-9 Weight ........................................................................3-9 Thrust .........................................................................3-9 Three Axes of Rotation ..................................................3-9 Stability ........................................................................3-10 Flutter .......................................................................3-11 Lateral Stability ........................................................3-12 Turning Flight ..............................................................3-13 Load Factors .................................................................3-13 Radius of Turn ..........................................................3-14 Turn Coordination ....................................................3-15 Slips ..........................................................................3-15 Forward Slip .........................................................3-16 Sideslip .................................................................3-17 Spins .........................................................................3-17 Ground Effect ...............................................................3-19 Chapter 4Flight Instruments ...............................................4-1 Introduction....................................................................4-1 Pitot-Static Instruments ..................................................4-2 Impact and Static Pressure Lines................................4-2 Airspeed Indicator ......................................................4-2 The Effects of Altitude on the AirspeedIndicator..................................................................4-3 Types of Airspeed ...................................................4-3Table of ContentsviiAirspeed Indicator Markings ......................................4-5 Other Airspeed Limitations ........................................4-6 Altimeter .....................................................................4-6 Principles of Operation ...........................................4-6 Effect of Nonstandard Pressure andTemperature............................................................4-7 Setting the Altimeter (Kollsman Window) .............4-9 Types of Altitude ......................................................4-10 Variometer................................................................4-11 Total Energy System .............................................4-14 Netto .....................................................................4-14 Electronic Flight Computers ....................................4-15 Magnetic Compass .......................................................4-16 Yaw String ................................................................4-16 Inclinometer..............................................................4-16 Gyroscopic Instruments ...............................................4-17 G-Meter ........................................................................4-17 FLARM Collision Avoidance System .........................4-18 Chapter 5Glider Performance .............................................5-1 Introduction....................................................................5-1 Factors Affecting Performance ......................................5-2 High and Low Density Altitude Conditions ...........5-2 Atmospheric Pressure .............................................5-2 Altitude ...................................................................5-3 Temperature............................................................5-3 Wind ...........................................................................5-3 Weight ........................................................................5-5 Rate of Climb .................................................................5-7 Flight Manuals and Placards ..........................................5-8 Placards ......................................................................5-8 Performance Information ...........................................5-8 Glider Polars ...............................................................5-8 Weight and Balance Information .............................5-10 Limitations ...............................................................5-10 Weight and Balance .....................................................5-12 Center of Gravity ......................................................5-12 Problems Associated With CG Forward ofForward Limit .......................................................5-12 Problems Associated With CG Aft of Aft Limit ..5-13 Sample Weight and Balance Problems ....................5-13 Ballast ..........................................................................5-14 Chapter 6Preflight and Ground Operations .......................6-1 Introduction....................................................................6-1 Assembly and Storage Techniques ................................6-2 Trailering....................................................................6-3 Tiedown and Securing ................................................6-4Water Ballast ..............................................................6-4 Ground Handling........................................................6-4 Launch Equipment Inspection ....................................6-5 Glider Preflight Inspection .........................................6-6 Prelaunch Checklist ....................................................6-7 Glider Care .....................................................................6-7 Preventive Maintenance .............................................6-8 Chapter 7Launch and Recovery Procedures and Flight Maneuvers ............................................................7-1 Introduction....................................................................7-1 Aerotow Takeoff Procedures .........................................7-2 Signals ........................................................................7-2 Prelaunch Signals ....................................................7-2 Inflight Signals ........................................................7-3 Takeoff Procedures and Techniques ..........................7-3 Normal Assisted Takeoff............................................7-4 Unassisted Takeoff.....................................................7-5 Crosswind Takeoff .....................................................7-5 Assisted ...................................................................7-5 Unassisted...............................................................7-6 Aerotow Climb-Out ....................................................7-6 Aerotow Release.........................................................7-8 Slack Line ...................................................................7-9 Boxing the Wake ......................................................7-10 Ground Launch Takeoff Procedures ............................7-11 CG Hooks .................................................................7-11 Signals ......................................................................7-11 Prelaunch Signals (Winch/Automobile) ...............7-11 Inflight Signals ......................................................7-12 Tow Speeds ..............................................................7-12 Automobile Launch ..................................................7-14 Crosswind Takeoff and Climb .................................7-14 Normal Into-the-Wind Launch .................................7-15 Climb-Out and Release Procedures ..........................7-16 Self-Launch Takeoff Procedures ..............................7-17 Preparation and Engine Start ....................................7-17 Taxiing .....................................................................7-18 Pretakeoff Check ......................................................7-18 Normal Takeoff ........................................................7-19 Crosswind Takeoff ...................................................7-19 Climb-Out and Shutdown Procedures ......................7-19 Landing .....................................................................7-21 Gliderport/Airport Traffic Patterns and Operations .....7-22 Normal Approach and Landing ................................7-22 Crosswind Landing ..................................................7-25 Slips ..........................................................................7-25 Downwind Landing ..................................................7-27 After Landing and Securing .....................................7-27viiiPerformance Maneuvers ..............................................7-27 Straight Glides ..........................................................7-27 Turns.........................................................................7-28 Roll-In ...................................................................7-29 Roll-Out ................................................................7-30 Steep Turns ...........................................................7-31 Maneuvering at Minimum Controllable Airspeed ...7-31 Stall Recognition and Recovery ...............................7-32 Secondary Stalls ....................................................7-34 Accelerated Stalls .................................................7-34 Crossed-Control Stalls ..........................................7-35 Operating Airspeeds .....................................................7-36 Minimum Sink Airspeed ..........................................7-36 Best Glide Airspeed..................................................7-37 Speed to Fly ..............................................................7-37 Chapter 8Abnormal and Emergency Procedures .............8-1 Introduction....................................................................8-1 Porpoising ......................................................................8-2 Pilot-Induced Oscillations (PIOs) ..............................8-2 PIOs During Launch ...................................................8-2 Factors Influencing PIOs ........................................8-2 Improper Elevator Trim Setting ..............................8-3 Improper Wing Flaps Setting ..................................8-3 Pilot-Induced Roll Oscillations During Launch .........8-3 Pilot-Induced Yaw Oscillations During Launch ........8-4 Gust-Induced Oscillations ..............................................8-5 Vertical Gusts During High-Speed Cruise .................8-5 Pilot-Induced Pitch Oscillations During Landing ......8-6 Glider-Induced Oscillations ...........................................8-6 Pitch Influence of the Glider Towhook Position ........8-6 Self-Launching Glider Oscillations During Powered Flight ...........................................................8-7 Nosewheel Glider Oscillations During Launchesand Landings ..............................................................8-7 Tailwheel/Tailskid Equipped Glider Oscillations During Launches and Landings ..................................8-8 Aerotow Abnormal and Emergency Procedures ............8-8 Abnormal Procedures .................................................8-8 Towing Failures........................................................8-10 Tow Failure With Runway To Land and Stop ......8-11 Tow Failure Without Runway To Land BelowReturning Altitude ................................................8-11 Tow Failure Above Return to Runway Altitude ...8-11 Tow Failure Above 800' AGL ..............................8-12 Tow Failure Above Traffic Pattern Altitude .........8-13 Slack Line .................................................................8-13 Ground Launch Abnormal and Emergency Procedures ....................................................................8-14 Abnormal Procedures ...............................................8-14 Emergency Procedures .............................................8-14 Self-Launch Takeoff Emergency Procedures ..............8-15 Emergency Procedures .............................................8-15 Spiral Dives ..................................................................8-15 Spins .............................................................................8-15 Entry Phase ...............................................................8-17 Incipient Phase .........................................................8-17 Developed Phase ......................................................8-17 Recovery Phase ........................................................8-17 Off-Field Landing Procedures .....................................8-18 Afterlanding Off Field .............................................8-20 Off-Field Landing Without Injury ........................8-20 Off-Field Landing With Injury .............................8-20 System and Equipment Malfunctions ..........................8-20 Flight Instrument Malfunctions ................................8-20 Airspeed Indicator Malfunctions ..........................8-21 Altimeter Malfunctions .........................................8-21 Variometer Malfunctions ......................................8-21 Compass Malfunctions .........................................8-21 Glider Canopy Malfunctions ....................................8-21 Broken Glider Canopy ..........................................8-22 Frosted Glider Canopy ..........................................8-22 Water Ballast Malfunctions ......................................8-22 Retractable Landing Gear Malfunctions ..................8-22 Primary Flight Control Systems ...............................8-22 Elevator Malfunctions ..........................................8-22 Aileron Malfunctions ............................................8-23 Rudder Malfunctions ............................................8-24 Secondary Flight Controls Systems .........................8-24 Elevator Trim Malfunctions .................................8-24 Spoiler/Dive Brake Malfunctions .........................8-24 Miscellaneous Flight System Malfunctions .................8-25 Towhook Malfunctions ............................................8-25 Oxygen System Malfunctions ..................................8-25 Drogue Chute Malfunctions .....................................8-25 Self-Launching Gliders ................................................8-26 Self-Launching/Sustainer Glider Engine Failure During Takeoff or Climb ..........................................8-26 Inability to Restart a Self-Launching/SustainerGlider Engine While Airborne .................................8-27 Self-Launching Glider Propeller Malfunctions ........8-27 Self-Launching Glider Electrical System Malfunctions .............................................................8-27 In-flight Fire .............................................................8-28 Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear ...................8-28 Survival Gear Checklists ..........................................8-28 Food and Water ........................................................8-28ixClothing ....................................................................8-28 Communication ........................................................8-29 Navigation Equipment ..............................................8-29 Medical Equipment ..................................................8-29 Stowage ....................................................................8-30 Parachute ..................................................................8-30 Oxygen System Malfunctions ..................................8-30 Accident Prevention .....................................................8-30 Chapter 9Soaring Weather ..................................................9-1 Introduction....................................................................9-1 The Atmosphere .............................................................9-2 Composition ...............................................................9-2 Properties ....................................................................9-2 Temperature............................................................9-2 Density ....................................................................9-2 Pressure ...................................................................9-2 Standard Atmosphere .................................................9-3 Layers of the Atmosphere ..........................................9-4 Scale of Weather Events ................................................9-4 Thermal Soaring Weather ..............................................9-6 Thermal Shape and Structure .....................................9-6 Atmospheric Stability .................................................9-7 Air Masses Conducive to Thermal Soaring ...................9-9 Cloud Streets ..............................................................9-9 Thermal Waves...........................................................9-9 Thunderstorms..........................................................9-10 Lifted Index ..........................................................9-12 K-Index .................................................................9-12 Weather for Slope Soaring .......................................9-14 Mechanism for Wave Formation ..............................9-16 Lift Due to Convergence ..........................................9-19 Obtaining Weather Information ...................................9-21 Preflight Weather Briefing........................................9-21 Weather-ReIated Information ..................................9-21 Interpreting Weather Charts, Reports, andForecasts ......................................................................9-23 Graphic Weather Charts ...........................................9-23 Winds and Temperatures Aloft Forecast ..............9-23 Composite Moisture Stability Chart .....................9-24 Chapter 10Soaring Techniques ..........................................10-1 Introduction..................................................................10-1 Thermal Soaring ...........................................................10-2 Locating Thermals ....................................................10-2 Cumulus Clouds ...................................................10-2 Other Indicators of Thermals ................................10-3 Wind .....................................................................10-4 The Big Picture .....................................................10-5Entering a Thermal ..............................................10-5 Inside a Thermal.......................................................10-6 Bank Angle ...........................................................10-6 Speed .....................................................................10-6 Centering ...............................................................10-7 Collision Avoidance ................................................10-9 Exiting a Thermal .....................................................10-9 Atypical Thermals ..................................................10-10 Ridge/Slope Soaring ..................................................10-10 Traps ......................................................................10-10 Procedures for Safe Flying .....................................10-12 Bowls and Spurs .....................................................10-13 Slope Lift ................................................................10-13 Obstructions ...........................................................10-14 Tips and Techniques ...............................................10-15 Wave Soaring .............................................................10-16 Preflight Preparation ...............................................10-17 Getting Into the Wave ............................................10-18 Flying in the Wave .................................................10-20 Soaring Convergence Zones ...................................10-23 Combined Sources of Updrafts ..............................10-24 Chapter 11Cross-Country Soaring .....................................11-1 Introduction..................................................................11-1 Flight Preparation and Planning ...................................11-2 Personal and Special Equipment ..................................11-3 Navigation ....................................................................11-5 Using the Plotter .......................................................11-5 A Sample Cross-Country Flight ...............................11-5 Navigation Using GPS .............................................11-8 Cross-Country Techniques ...........................................11-9 Soaring Faster and Farther .........................................11-11 Height Bands ..........................................................11-11 Tips and Techniques ...............................................11-12 Special Situations .......................................................11-14 Course Deviations ..................................................11-14 Lost Procedures ......................................................11-14 Cross-Country Flight in a Self-Launching Glider .....11-15 High-Performance Glider Operations and Considerations ............................................................11-16 Glider Complexity ..................................................11-16 Water Ballast ..........................................................11-17 Cross-Country Flight Using Other Lift Sources ........11-17 Chapter 12Towing ................................................................12-1 Introduction..................................................................12-1 Equipment Inspections and Operational Checks .........12-2 Tow Hook ................................................................12-2 Schweizer Tow Hook ...........................................12-2x。
网络视频存储服务器(EVS50、70系列)快速操作手册V1.4.0150625
快速操作手册
V1.4.0
前言
概述
本文档简单介绍了网络视频存储服务器 EVS50、70 系列的外观、接口和基本操作等。
适用型号：
50 系列 EVS5024S-R、EVS5036S-R、EVS5048S-R
70 系列 EVS7024S-R 、 EVS7024D-R 、 EVS7036S-R 、 EVS7036D-R 、 EVS7048S-R 、 EVS7048D-R 、 EVS7072S-R、EVS7072D-R
表示高压危险。
表示强激光辐射。
表示能帮助您解决某个问题或节省您的时间。 表示是正文的附加信息，是对正文的强调和补充。
前言 I
Hale Waihona Puke 重要安全须知下面是关于产品的正确使用方法、为预防危险、防止财产受到损失等内容，使用设备前请仔细阅 读本说明书并在使用时严格遵守，阅读后请妥善保存说明书。
请在设备布控后及时修改用户的默认密码，以免被人盗用。 请勿将设备放置和安装在阳光直射的地方或发热设备附近。 请勿将设备安装在潮湿、有灰尘或煤烟的场所。 请保持设备的水平安装，或将设备安装在稳定场所，注意防止本产品坠落。 请勿将液体滴到或溅到设备上，并确保设备上没有放置装满液体的物品，防止液体流入设备。 请将设备安装在通风良好的场所，切勿堵塞设备的通风口。 仅可在额定输入输出范围内使用设备。 请勿随意拆卸设备。 请在允许的湿度和温度范围内运输、使用和存储设备。
特别声明
产品请以实物为准，说明书仅供参考。 说明书将根据产品的变化定期更新，更新的内容将会在本手册的新版本中加入，恕不另行通
知。产品部分功能在更新前后可能存在细微差异。 最新程序及补充说明文档敬请与公司客服部联系。 说明书供多个型号产品做参考，每个产品的具体操作不一一例举，请用户根据实际产品自行
电脑各种接口定义
显示功能 Intel 852GM 显示芯片支持CRT+LVDS 的双显示支持最 大64MB 的动态显示内存共享
网络功能LAN 主板集成了一个Intel82562ET 100Mb和三个RTL8100BL以太
4
网控制器（用户可选）为您提供高速稳定的网络平台选择 音频Audio 功能
5
产品外形
第二章
（正面）单位mm 6
（反面）单位mm 7
跳线功能设置 (1) CMOS1:CMOS 内容清除/保持设置
通过改变CMOS 的短接帽所处状态来实现此项功能 1-2开路 (正常工作状态默认设置) 1-2短路 (清除CMOS 内容所有BIOS 设置恢复成出厂值) 如果由于BIOS 设置不当而引起系统不能正常启动则可尝试清 除CMOS 内容以便恢复所有系统参数的默认值，再启动系统。通过 改变CMOS 的短接帽所处状态来实现此项功能。 (2) LCDV1： LVDS 电压选择 不同的LVDS 屏电压可能不同，本板提供了3.3V 和5V 两种电压 选择，当所选择的LVDS 电压与所使用的LVDS 屏的工作电压一致 时LVDS 屏才能正常显示。
PRA-EC-8552VE
Embedded Motherboard User’s Guide
1
目录
第一章产品介绍................................................................................................ 3
PRA-EC-8552VE 以其高性能低功耗和丰富的扩展接口使用户 无需增加任何部件即可使用,可广泛应用于网络安全、信息家电、仪 器仪表、军事、多媒体查询、智能产品各种嵌入式领域。
Igor Pro中文操作手册 - 1
Waves —Igor 的关键概念
我们使用专业术语 “wave” 来描述一个包含有数字矩阵的 Igor 对象。 Wave 是“waveform”的简称。Wave 是 Igor 最重要的概念。
Igor 最初被用来设计处理波形数据。一个典型的波形数据包含成千上万个在均匀间隔时间内测试的数据点。这些 数据通常由数字示波器，科学仪器或数模转换设备采集。
Chapter
I-1
I- Igor Pro 介绍
I- Igor Pro 介绍 ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Igor Pro 介绍................................................................................................................................................. 1 Igor 对象 ....................................................................................................................................................... 2
波形数据的特征在于它是沿着时间轴或者其他变量的值均匀间隔的。Igor 波的一个重要属性被称为 “X scaling” 它指定你的数据的间隔。Igor 在内存中记录波形上每一个点的 Y 轴数值，但通过波的 X scaling 来计算数据的 X 轴的值 。
韩语字母表-韩语发音
韩语字母表-韩语发音LT10. ㅞ【we】发’喂‘的音，与ㅙ不同的是没有’a‘的音11. ㅢ【vi】发‘喂’的音，发音声调为四声（1）作为词头首音时（의）发为[ ㅡ+ i ]，ㅡ尽量短促（2）在词中或词末时发为[ i ]（3）作为属格助词时（의）发为[ e ]特殊元音1，ㅣi2，ㅡ[ w]辅音（19个）浊音（4个）1. ㄱ[ g ]2. ㄷ[ d ]3. ㅂ[ b ]4. ㅈ[ z ]清音（5个）1. ㅋ[ k ]2. ㅌ[ t ]3. ㅍ[ p ]4. ㅊ[ c ]5. ㅅ[ s ]（1）送气化：ㄱ、ㄷ、ㅂ位于词首与元音结合时发为送气音ㅋ、ㅌ、ㅍ，在词中时发本音（2）音变：ㅈ在实际中任何位置与单元音结合时发为[ qi ]，与双元音结合时发为[ ji ] ㅊ在实际中任何位置都发为[qi ]鼻浊音（4个）1. ㄹ[ l / r ]（1）与元音结合时发为[ l ]，作韵尾时发为[ r ]2. ㅁ[ m ]3. ㄴ[ n ]4. ㅇ[ ng ]摩擦音（1个）1. ㅎ[ h ]（1）ㅎ在词首时发为[ h ]；在词中时如果前一音节是开音节就发为[ h ]，如果是闭音节就不发音或与前一音节的辅音进行音变；作韵尾时接元音就不发音脱落，接辅音就按相应原则进行音变。
紧音（5个）1. ㄲ[ gg ]2. ㄸ[ dd ]3. ㅃ[ bb ]4. ㅆ[ ss ]5. ㅉ[ zz ]（1）ㄲ、ㄸ、ㅃ在任何位置都无送气化，只发本音（2）ㅉ在任何位置都只发为[ jj ]四韵尾（7个代表音）闪音（1个）1. ㄹ[ r ]鼻音（3个）1. ㅁ[ m ] 发音时闭口，使气流经鼻腔成声2. ㄴ[ n ] 发音时开口，舌尖抵住上齿龈阻碍气流，使气流经鼻腔成声3. ㅇ[ ng ] 发音时开口，舌尖抵住下齿龈，舌根紧贴软腭阻碍气流，使气流经鼻腔成声不爆破发音（3个）1. ㄱ发音时开口，舌根紧贴软腭，堵住气流不使其爆破成声2. ㄷ发音时开口，舌尖抵住上齿龈，不爆破3. ㅂ发音时闭口，不爆破辅音部分：不变音辅音：ㄴ= nature里面n的发音ㅁ= marry里面m的发音送气辅音：ㅋ= king里面k的发音ㅌ= talk里面t的发音ㅍ= pig里面p的发音ㅊ= change里面ch的发音ㅎ= happy里面h的发音ㅅ= sad里面s的发音不送气辅音：作头音作中音作尾音ㄱk- -g- -kㄷt- -d- -tㅂp- -b- -pㅈch- -j- -tㄹr/l- -r- -l重辅音：作头音作中音作尾音ㄲg- -kk- -kㄸd- -tt- -ㅃb- -pp- -ㅆss- -ss- -tㅉj- -tch- -合成辅音：后面跟元音开头的字后面跟辅音开头的字后面不跟任何字ㅄ-ps -p -pㄵ-nj -n -nㄺ-lg -l -kㄶ-n -n -nㄳ-gs -k -kㄻ-rm -m -mㄼ-rb -p -pㄽ-rs -l -lㄾ-rt -l -lㄿ-rp -p -pㅀ-r -l -l韩语发音基本元音ㅏ：嘴自然张开，舌头接触下齿龈，但不要贴上，嘴唇不要紧张，也不要成圆形。
四年级上册英语第五单元教案(全)
单元名称
Unit5It’s sunny today.
1.单元教材分析
该主题涉及以下句子：It’s sunny today. Put on your cap. What’s in the box? It’s a dress. Can I help you? Please show me that jacket. Can we look at the blue shorts? Here you are. May I try the shoes on? Certainly.并在真实情景、现实生活中切步运用这些语言。本单元围绕Can I help you?……这一主题展开，能够在真实语境中用英语进行购物，表达对衣物的喜好以及想试穿的意愿。能够学会基本的自主学习方法。能够初步形成与同伴合作学习的意识以及在商场购物的礼貌用语。
改进措施：
课时教学设计
课题
Uni5：IlikethoseshoesLesson26
授课时间：
课型：新授课
课时：第2课时
3.教学准备：准备几个精美的生日礼物盒子。一个盒子装有大小不一的dress、hat和blouse各两件；另一个是一套盒子，一个比一个小，能套装，最小的一个装着一个能折起来的hat。学生自带装有小礼物的盒子或袋子，以备情景表演或游戏时使用。
核心素养目标：
语言能力：
能够听、说、读、写单词：sweater,skirt。
能够在真实的情景中理解、说出购买商品时的礼貌用语句子：Can I help you? Please show me that…以及答语Please show me that…
环节一：Warming-up
师生进行日常问候及简单日常交流，如：How are you? What day is today? How’s the weather today? 营造英语氛围，使学生快速进入英语学习状态。
男尺寸表
正装长袖身高(cm) 160/84A 165/88A 170/92A 175/96A 180/100A 185/104A 185/106A 190/108A 190/110A 领围 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45领围(英寸) 14 1/2 15 15 3/8 15 3/4 16 1/8 16 1/2 17 17 1/4 胸围 98 102 106 110 114 118 122 126 130肩宽 46 47 48 49 50 51.5 53 54.5 568 D3 j4 ?5 Y; l8 O: B; k l- a3 k6 @袖长 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 668 A0 z/ ]- t2 U/ p% n后衣长 75 77 77 79 79 81 81 83 835 v& q' I, ?% f5 N6 w1 i/ \短袖衬衫身高(cm) 165/88A 170/92A 175/96A 175/96B 180/100A 180/100A 185/104A 190/108A 领围 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45( J; H; T! y: R: ]领围(英寸) 15 15 3/8 15 3/4 16 1/8 16 1/2 17 17 1/ 4 17 3/4胸围 102 106 110 114 118 122 126 130肩宽 47 48.5 50 51.5 53 54.5 56 57袖长 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 28后中长 76 76 78 78 80 80 82 82; `7 K" I- F6 O+ B短袖T恤$ i- n- d4 B" h$ f$ n(男款) 身高(cm) 165/88A 170/92A 175/96A 180/100A 185/104A7 I, Y# c1 A L, s) y! o3 r 尺寸 S M L XL XXL" J: H4 K" C% @! X* V胸围 102 106 110 114 118 d: J. ]6 W" L# M* T. o肩宽 42 43.5 45 46.5 48袖长 22 23 24 25 26后衣长 68 70 72 74 768 u0 @# X# k* V7 x短袖T恤2 I+ \( h* @: ?- o) k% n2 A(女款) 身高(cm) 155/80A 160/84A 165/88A " x; d5 N3 o5 ^' D! n$ f尺寸 S M L胸围 90 94 98 / s% d0 X( g7 ^# s% @腰围 80 84 88肩宽 33 34 35袖长 16 17 18后衣长 58 60 62 - [4 ]0 z2 q$ D2 o) T. ~长袖T恤(男款) 身高(cm) 165/88A 170/92A 175/96A 180/100A 185/106A a" }* X+ Z) {. F 尺寸 S M L XL XXL领围 40 40 40 42 42胸围 51 53 55 57 59& `; o1 {$ A2 U/ r- Z ]肩宽 42 43.5 45 46.5 48袖长 58 59 60 61 622 O; K* `- S: G0 Z+ ^后衣长 68 70 72 74 76全棉背心部位量法 48（S） 50（M） 52（L） 54（XL）. O2 L* Y: o( V; p( L& ~% ?- u8 n# G 胸围腋下2CM 50 52 54 56前衣长肩顶到下摆 64 66 68 70袖笼缝到缝 22.5 23 23.5 24$ u# m) R. O k- X; d肩宽边到边 41 42.5 44 45.5领宽缝到缝 18.5 18.5 19 19前领宽肩顶至下领尖 16 16 17 17# Y$ {8 Q7 i/ G9 B后领宽后中量 3 3 3 3( w, O& [1 R/ w# c0 n; S. P6 S; v领边后中量 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2下摆罗纹后中量 6 6 6 61 M# n3 V! b/ H$ t袖笼边中量 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2' g! W# W" K. c: |圆领的前领深到领口上缘 10 10 12 12% D5 g: ?/ c9 G5 R' [: c8 P, r经典水洗休闲裤身高（cm） 170/76A 175/80A 175/82A 180/86A 180/90A 185/94A 185/98A 190/102A 公5 J& w6 k& o5 V( e0 `: j尺码 29 30 31 32 33 34 36 38腰围（市尺） 2尺3寸 2尺4寸 2尺5寸 2尺6寸 2尺7寸 2尺8寸 2尺9寸寸±1cm腰围（cm） 76.5 80 83.5 87 90.5 94 98 103 ±1cm$ Q* h" Z; \; g- w, I+臀围（cm） 100 103 106 110 114 118 122 126 ±1cm脚口（cm） 46 47 47 48 48 50 50 52 ±1cm裤长（cm） 106 106 108 108 110 110 112 112 ±1cm无褶西9 F- ?& }2 S' ^ W& N8 x' t' J7 n% W裤身高（cm） 165/74A 170/78A 175/82A 180/86A 185/90A 190/94A 195/98A 195/102A 尺码 29 30 31 32 33 34 36 38 0 A6 i( m/ D1 o3 w- {腰围（市尺） 2尺2寸 2尺3寸半 2尺4寸 2尺6寸 2尺7寸 2尺8寸 2尺9寸半尺1寸腰围（cm） 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 102 ) w( B6 _! f; o/ ]5 D8 m臀围（cm） 96 98 101 104 107 110 113 116 0 D7 Q/ d- F& W! e: V5 B脚口（cm） 45 46 47 47 48 49 50 50裤长（cm） 112 112 112 112 112 114 114 114 6 f3 g2 I' _0 g; I3 i4 e* Z ; Z6 n' R) {* A7 e4 h& x直筒牛仔裤身高（cm） 170/76A 175/80A 175/84A 180/88A 180/92A 185/96A 185/100A 190/102A 尺码 30 31 32 33 34 36 38 40: \3 s( [1 D: s( K8 U, E腰围（市尺） 2尺4寸 2尺5寸 2尺6寸 2尺7寸 2尺8寸 2尺9寸 3尺 3尺腰围（cm） 78.5 82 85.5 89 92.5 96 100 103' y& i. S* N) U' f: O2 s1 r" V: J臀围（cm） 102 106 110 114 118 122 125 128脚口（cm） 43 43 44 45 46 47 48 48裤长（cm） 106 106 108 108 110 110 112 1122 h8 |# U7 O3 q2 _* K6 m) c( z磨毛休闲裤身高（cm） 170/76A 175/80A 175/82A 180/86A 180/90A 185/94A 185/98A 190/102A 公尺码 29 30 31 32 33 34 36 38 : X% C2 T6 i$ ?4 k: E腰围（市尺） 2尺3寸 2尺4寸 2尺5寸 2尺6寸 2尺7寸 2尺8寸 2尺9寸寸±1cm* f8 v$ i6 t1 [' O$ J腰围（cm） 76.5 80 83.5 87 90.5 94 98 103 ±1cm* h9 z) a5 P* `1 N 臀围（cm） 100 103 106 110 114 118 122 126 ±1cm6 J- f8 Q" i! h脚口（cm） 46 47 47 48 48 50 50 52 ±1cm- E1 M6 M' m0 l& b& V裤长（cm） 106 106 108 108 110 110 112 112 ±1cm全棉平角裤尺码身高(CM) 腰围(CM) 腰围（英寸）$ [/ L* R! P" L# a' z" aM 165-170 65-75 25-28L 170-175 75-85 28-32XL 175-180 85-95 32-36# t) x7 G$ [% [( E/ YXXL 180-185 95-100 36-40多功能夹克衫身高(cm) 165/88A 170/92A 175/96A 180/100A 185/104A0 ^8 z" R i$ G尺寸 S M L XL XXL! u/ P3 v# Z3 B胸围 114 118 122 126 130- H- o+ P ~8 x. O U3 |% F# k肩宽 49 50 51 52 53袖长 61 62 63 64 65下摆 108 112 116 120 124" I2 V- T! Q5 U) Q* q( p后衣长 72 74 76 78 804 Z8 ]6 @% s! E4 \2 {8 X9 d+ O。
i=s 的理解
i=s 的理解"i=s" 是一个简单的赋值表达式，在编程和数学中都很常见。
这里的"i" 和"s" 可以是变量、常数或其他实体，具体取决于上下文。
下面是对这个表达式的一些基本理解：赋值：在大多数编程语言中，"i=s" 表示将"s" 的值赋给"i"。
这意味着在此操作之后，"i" 将持有与"s" 相同的值。
数学中的等价：在数学中，如果没有上下文指明这是一个赋值操作，那么"i=s" 可能只是表示"i" 和"s" 是等价的或相等的。
也就是说，它们的值是相同的。
类型：在强类型语言中（如C++ 或Java），"i" 和"s" 必须是相同或兼容的类型，否则编译器会报错。
但在某些动态类型的语言（如Python）中，这样的限制可能不那么严格。
引用与值：在某些语言中，特别是涉及对象或复杂数据类型的语言，"i=s" 可能意味着"i" 现在引用与"s" 相同的对象或数据，而不是创建了一个新的副本。
这取决于语言是如何处理赋值的。
副作用：在某些情况下，"i=s" 这样的赋值可能会有副作用。
例如，如果"s" 是一个计算密集型函数的结果，那么赋值操作可能会花费很长时间。
或者，如果"s" 是一个有状态的对象，那么赋值可能会改变其状态。
可读性与意图：在编写代码时，清晰的变量名可以使"i=s"这样的表达式更具可读性。
例如，如果"s" 代表"speed"，而"i" 代表"initialSpeed"，那么"initialSpeed = speed" 就比"i=s" 更清晰。
ISA_S5.2中文版(很好)
A 分析5 17 报警B 烧嘴、火焰供选用1 供选用1 供选用1C 电导率控制12D 密度差4E 电压（电动势）检测元件F 流量比（分数）4G 供选用1 视镜；观察9H 手动高14 15I 电流指示10J 功率扫描K 时间、时间程序变化速率4 19 操作器20L 物位灯11 低14 15M 水分或湿度瞬动4 中、中间14N 供选用1 供选用1 供选用1 供选用1O 供选用1 节流孔P 压力、真空连接点、测试点Q 数量积算、累计4R 核辐射记录16S 速度、频率安全开关12、联锁T 温度传送U 多变量6 多功能7 多功能7 多功能7V 振动、机械监视17 阀、风门、百叶窗12W 重量、力套管X 未分类2 X轴未分类2 未分类2 未分类2Y 事件、状态18 Y轴继动器、计算器、转换器12 13Z 位置、尺寸Z轴驱动器、执行机构未分类的最终执行元件目录CONTENTS1 简介23 符号表示4 开/关逻辑输入符号5 模拟输入符号5.1 变送器5.2 温度测量6 逻辑数据处理模块6.1 ET逻辑数据模块6.2 OU逻辑数据模块6.3 XOR 逻辑数据模块6.4 延时DI6.5 延时DT6.6 PO脉冲输出6.7 寄存器6.8 计时器7 数字数据处理模块7.1 计算模块7.2 控制模块7.3 临界点模块7.4 复位模块7.5 选择模块7.6 变量速度限制模块8 显示模块8.1 变量显示模块8.2 逻辑变量显示模块8.3 报警显示模块8.4 变量记录模块9 操作人员控制模块9.1 HS控制模块9.2 HIC控制模块10 直联和/ 或互联符号11 开－关逻辑输出符号12 模拟输出符号1 简介这个符号表示方法是用来明确表示数字控制系统的所有处理过程。
为了此目的，DCS所有的处理过程被分成多个基本功能，一套DCS执行的基本操作将完成一个基本功能，再组成一个统一单元，例如：−流程参数的获取，监视和核对−在工厂的一个给定点上，流体特性的获取，监视和核对−工厂中设备的任何一种部机的停车，监视和启动顺序−设备各种部机组装的顺序处理基本回路一个识别数码被分配到每个基本功能上，第一个数字允许标识与流程的特殊部分有关的所有处理过程，作为顺序数码的后两个数字没有排除。
所有拼音组合
A ɑ ɑi ɑn ɑnɡ ɑo 5--------------------------------------------------------------------------------B bɑ bɑi bɑn bɑnɡ bɑo bei ben benɡ bi biɑn biɑo bie bin binɡ bo bu 16--------------------------------------------------------------------------------C cɑ cɑi cɑn cɑnɡ cɑo ce cei cen cenɡ chɑ chɑi chɑn chɑnɡ chɑo che chen chenɡ chi chonɡ chou chu chuɑ chuɑi chuɑn chuɑnɡ chui chun chuo ci conɡ cou cu cuɑn cui cun cuo 36--------------------------------------------------------------------------------D dɑ dɑi dɑn dɑnɡ dɑo de den dei denɡ di diɑ diɑn diɑo die dinɡ diu donɡ dou du duɑn dui dun duo 23--------------------------------------------------------------------------------E e ei en enɡ er 5--------------------------------------------------------------------------------F fɑ fɑn fɑnɡ fei fen fenɡ fo fou fu 9--------------------------------------------------------------------------------G ɡɑ ɡɑi ɡɑn ɡɑnɡ ɡɑo ɡe ɡei ɡen ɡenɡ ɡonɡ ɡou ɡu ɡuɑ ɡuɑi ɡuɑn ɡuɑnɡ ɡui ɡun ɡuo19--------------------------------------------------------------------------------H hɑ hɑi hɑn hɑnɡ hɑo he hei hen henɡ honɡ hou hu huɑ huɑi huɑn huɑnɡ hui hun huo19--------------------------------------------------------------------------------J ji jiɑ jiɑn jiɑnɡ jiɑo jie jin jinɡ jionɡ jiu ju juɑn jue jun 14--------------------------------------------------------------------------------K kɑ kɑi kɑn kɑnɡ kɑo ke ken kenɡ konɡ kou ku kuɑ kuɑi kuɑn kuɑnɡ kui kun kuo 18 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------L lɑ lɑi lɑn lɑnɡ lɑo le lei lenɡ li liɑ liɑn liɑnɡ liɑo lie lin linɡ liu lonɡ lou lu lü luɑn lüe lun luo 25--------------------------------------------------------------------------------M m mɑ mɑi mɑn mɑnɡ mɑo me mei men menɡ mi miɑn m iɑo mie min minɡ miu mo mou mu 20--------------------------------------------------------------------------------N nɑ nɑi nɑn nɑnɡ nɑo ne nei nen nenɡ nɡ ni niɑn niɑnɡ niɑo nie nin ninɡ niu nonɡ nou nu nü nuɑn nüe nuo nun 25--------------------------------------------------------------------------------O o ou 2--------------------------------------------------------------------------------P pɑ pɑi pɑn pɑnɡ pɑo pei pen penɡ pi piɑn piɑo pie pin pinɡ po pou pu 17--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q qi qiɑ qiɑn qiɑnɡ qiɑo qie qin qinɡ qionɡ qiu qu quɑn que qun 14--------------------------------------------------------------------------------R rɑn rɑnɡ rɑo re ren renɡ ri ronɡ rou ru ruɑn rui run ruo 14--------------------------------------------------------------------------------S sɑ sɑi sɑn sɑnɡ sɑo se sen senɡ shɑ shɑi shɑn shɑnɡ shɑo she shei shen shenɡ shi shou shu shuɑ shuɑi shuɑn shuɑnɡ shui shun shuo si sonɡ sou su suɑn sui sun suo 36--------------------------------------------------------------------------------T tɑ tɑi tɑn tɑnɡ tɑo te tenɡ ti tiɑn tiɑo tie tinɡ tonɡ tou tu tuɑn tui tun tuo 18--------------------------------------------------------------------------------W wɑ wɑi wɑn wɑnɡ wei we n wenɡ wo wu 9--------------------------------------------------------------------------------X xi xiɑ xiɑn xiɑnɡ xiɑo xie xin xinɡ xionɡ xiu xu xuɑn xue xun 14--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Y yɑ yɑn yɑnɡ yɑo ye yi yin yinɡ yo yonɡ you yu yuɑn yue yun 15--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Z zɑ zɑi zɑn zɑnɡ zɑo ze zei zen zenɡ zhɑ zhɑi zhɑn zhɑnɡ zhɑo zhe zhei zhen zhenɡ zhi zhonɡ zhou zhu zhuɑ zhuɑi zhuɑn zhuɑnɡ zhui zhun zhuo zi zonɡ zou zu zuɑn zui zun zuo 37。
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证券代码：300406 证券简称：九强生物公告编号：2020-019
北京九强生物技术股份有限公司
关于持股5%以上股东减持股份计划时间过半的进展公告
特别提示：
北京九强生物技术股份有限公司(以下简称“公司”或“九强生物”)
于2019年11月25日披露了《持股5%以上股东减持股份预披露公告》（公告编号：2019-058），持本公司股份35,814,312股，占本公司总股本比例7.14%的股东程辉，计划自2019年12月17日至2020年6月16日以集中竞价或大宗交易方式减持本公司5,000,000股股份，占本公司总股本比例
0.9964%。
根据《上市公司股东、董监高减持股份的若干规定》、《深圳证券交易所上市公司股东及董事、监事、高级管理人员减持股份实施细则》等相关规定，在减持时间区间内，大股东、董监高在减持数量过半或减持时间过半时，应当披露减持进展情况。
截至2020年3月17日，股东程辉前期披露的减持计划时间过半，现将进展情况公告如下：
一、股东减持情况
1、股份来源：原始股。
2、股东减持股份情况
3、股东减持前后持股情况
二、其他相关说明
1、上述股东本次减持计划的实施符合《公司法》、《证券法》、《深圳证券交易所创业板股票上市规则》、《深圳证券交易所创业板上市公司规范运作指引》、《上市公司股东、董监高减持股份的若干规定》及《深圳证券交易所上市公司股东及董事、监事、高级管理人员减持股份实施细则》等相关法律法规及规范性文件的规定，不存在违反上述规定的情况。
2、本次减持股份事项已按照相关规定进行了预先披露，本次减持情况与此前已披露的减持计划和相关承诺一致，不存在违规情形。
3、截至本公告日，上述股东已披露的减持计划尚未全部实施完毕，公司将持续关注其股份减持计划后续实施的进展情况，并按照相关规定要求及时履行信息披露义务。
4、股东程辉不属于公司控股股东和实际控制人，本次减持计划的实施不会影响公司的治理结构和持续经营，也不会导致公司控制权发生变更。
公司基本面未发生重大变化。
与公司之前披露的正在筹划重大资产重组无关联，不影响公司重大资产重组的筹划。
敬请广大投资者理性投资，注意投资风险。
三、备查文件
股东程辉出具的《关于股份减持计划减持时间过半的告知函》。
特此公告。
北京九强生物技术股份有限公司
董事会
2020年3月17日。