《儿童保健学》PPT课件

Development pediatrics
研究儿童的体格生长与心理 发育规律的一门学科
Clinical pediatrics 按疾病发生的系统分亚专业
或按年龄特点分类
Which field is the characteristic of
Pediatrics ?
Neonatology
Primary Child Care
40周
胎儿后期
28周
胎儿中期
12周
胚胎期
0
18岁 青春后期 （3-4年） 体格生长停止
13岁 青春期 性发育成熟 （2-4年） 第二性征出现
12岁
青春前期 （2-3年） 女9-11岁,男11-13岁
学龄期 6岁 （6-11岁组）
学前期 3岁 （3-5岁组）
幼儿期 （1-2岁组）
婴儿1-12m 新生儿
Because the age determines the nature and presentation of illnesses, developmental and behavior problems of child.
What is the developmental periods across the
儿童保健学
PRIMARY CHILD CARE
重庆医科大学儿科学院 儿童保健教研室
儿童及儿童年龄分期 儿童保健学在儿科学中的地位 儿童保健学的研究范围
儿童保健评价指标
Children and adolescents represent a
big group of whole population.
Secondary Prevention
Primary Prevention
I级（Primary Prevention）
疾病发生前的干预
Nutrition 营养 Immunizations 预防接种
Hand washing 洗手 Parenting education 健康教育 Improvement of the environment 环保
III级（Tertiary prevention）
彻底治疗疾病防止或减少后遗症
Prevention of further disabilities due to chronic disorders
Prevention acute problems in chronic disorders
Regular monitoring of patient status
婴儿期 （0 岁组）
围产期：胎儿28周--新生儿1周
儿童保健学在儿科学中的地位
fetus infant toddler pre-school school puberty
儿科学是研究从胎儿到青 少年儿童健康的一门学科
儿科学：二级学科
三级学科
预发 临 防育 床 儿儿 儿 科科 科 学学 学
Preventive Pediatrics Tertiary prevention
By Gabriela Mistral. Nobel Prize-winning poet from Chile
?
What is Pediatricians concerned with
Keep Kids Healthy
HEALTH WHO 1948
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
What is the difference of Pediatrics from most other
medical specialties
??
What is the key points in pediatric history –taking and examination
The child’s age
! It is most vulnerable population
‘We are guilty of many errors and many faults, but our worst crime is abandoning the children, neglecting the fountain of life. Many of the things we need can wait. The child cannot. Right now is the time his bones are being formed, his blood is being made and his senses are being developed. To him we cannot answer “Tomorrow”. His name is “Today”’.
儿 是儿科学派生出来的一门新学科
童
研究儿童生长发育规律健康状况 以及影响因素；
wenku.baidu.com
保 研究预防和控制儿童主要疾病及
健 健康问题的对策；
II级（Secondary Prevention）
未出现疾病症状前的干预
Physical examination定期体检 Growth measurements体格测量 Disease screening tests 疾病筛查
For newborns新生儿 Vision视、Hearing听
Development 发育
? childhood
late fetus:29-40w middle fetus:13-28w embryo:0-12w
Fetus
Infant period (0y)
Newborn: 0-28ds
Perinatal stage:28w of fetus-1w of life
Toddler period (1-2y)
Preschool period- young child
(3-5y)
School age period - old child
(6-11y)
Puberty –teenager, adolescent
Prepubescence:(2-3 ys) Pubescence:(2-4 ys)
Postpubescence:(3-4 ys)