学术英语(管理)_Unit 6

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学术英语教师版Unit6课文翻译

学术英语(医学)教师版U n i t6课文翻译(总7页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--Unit 6 Text A寻求临终护理数十年前，大多数人在自己家中去世，但是医疗方面的进步已经改变了这一情况。

如今，大多数美国人在医院或是疗养院中度过生命的最终时光。

他们中有些人是为了治疗疾病进了医院，有些可能是选择长期住在疗养院。

越来越多的人在生命的尽头开始选择临终关怀。

死亡没有一个称得上“合适”的地点。

何况，我们死亡的地方，大多数情况下也并非我们可以决定的。

但如果有选择的机会，每个人及其家属，都应该考虑究竟怎样的临终护理最为适合，在哪里可以享受到这样的关怀，家人和朋友能否提供帮助，以及他们应该如何支付相应的费用。

医院及疗养院64 岁的 George 有充血性心力衰竭病史。

一天晚上，他因为胸痛被送入医院。

他与他最亲近的人事先便已决定，在任何情况下都要让医生使用最大努力来延续他的生命。

所以当他需要相应的治疗时，他选择了医院，因为那里有全天候工作的医生和护士。

医院提供一整套的治疗、检查及其他医疗照护。

一旦 George 的心脏出现持续衰竭，医院的重症监护病房（ICU）或冠心病重症监护病房（CCU）就可以提供及时的救护。

尽管医院有相关的规定，在有些情况下执行具有一定的弹性。

如果 George 的医生认为他的病情并没有因为治疗有所好转，并濒临死亡，他的家属可以要求更加宽松的探视时间。

如果他的家属想从家中给他带一些私人物品，可以向工作人员询问物品的尺寸限制或是是否需要消毒。

不论 George 住在 ICU、CCU 还是两病床的病房，其家属都可以要求更多的私人空间。

在医院环境中，对临终病人来说，身边永远会有知道该如何照料他的医务人员。

这一点令病人及其家属得以安心。

已有越来越多的人在生命尽头的时候选择疗养院，因为在这里，护理人员是随叫随到的。

疗养院有时也被称为专业护理所，在临终护理方面有利有弊。

管理学专业英语chapter6 THE NATURE OF GROUPS

#
Roles
Task
Power and decision-making; Seeking information, giving information, clarifying, summarizing
Social
Gets along together; Encouraging, keeping harmony, gatekeeping
#
1. The number
of members
Title
Decision-making
Table Information Meeting
Meeting
Any number Small group
2. Who should attend the meeting
Needing information
管理学专业英语chapter6 THE NATURE OF GROUPS
Decisionmaking Processes
Tips for Successful
Meetings
Benefits of Groups in Organizations
Types of Groups
The Nature of Groups
• Temporary work groups investigate a particular problem or opportunity and disband when the decision is made.
Task force
Skunkworks
#
Informal groups
• Informal groups are not initiated by the organization and usually do not perform organizational goals.

学术英语(管理)含课后答案Unit

学术英语与通用英语（General English）不同，它更侧重于特定学科领域的语言知识和技能，例如科学、工程、医学、法律等。学术英语的语言特征包括专业术语、复杂的句型结构、严谨的逻辑表达等。
The Importance of Academic English
学术英语对于学生的学术发展至关重要。在全球化的时代，许多学科领域的最新研究成果和进展都以英语发表，因此学生需要掌握足够的英语学术能力才能跟上学术前沿。
03
The Application of Academic English in
Management
The necessity of academic English in management
Globalization
As the world becomes more interconnected, the need for English as a common language for business communication has increased. Academic English provides the necessary vocabulary and language skills required for effective communication in management.
Managing across different cultures can be challenging, as cultural norms and business practices vary. Academic English should be used with caution and sensitivity to cultural differences, ensuring that communication is culturally appropriate.

研究生学术英语写作教程Unit 6 Discussing Results

Unit 6 Discussing ResultsObjectives:- Understand the discussion section- Learn how to present your results- Learn how to compare your results with others- Learn how to interpret your results- Learn how to express opinions in the discussionContents:- Reading and discussion: a sample result section- Language focus: comparison and contrast; strengthening or weakening a claim- Signal words of comparison and contrast- Writing practice: writing comparison and contrast, and writing a short discussion section- Classroom extension: writing a result section for a classroom experiment.1.Reading Activity1.1 Pre-reading TaskThe results section presents your research findings, and the discussion section is an analysis of those findings. You may include a discussion section at the end of your results section to explain and contemplate the results. The discussion can either be a part of the results section or a separate section of its own, which should be in line with the practice of your target journal. Sometimes, the results, discussion and conclusion sections are combined in journal articles. Most articles do not contain all three sections.The function of the discussion part is to interpret your results in light of what has already been known about the subject of the investigation, and to explain our new understanding of the problem after taking your results into consideration. TheDiscussion will always be connected to the Introduction by way of the question(s) or posed hypotheses and cited literature, but it does not simply repeat or rearrange the Introduction. Instead, it tells how your study has moved us forward from the place you leave us at the end of the Introduction.Before reading the following sample discussion section, think about the following questions:How many elements does a discussion section include?What do those elements function?What expressions are typical in writing a discussion section?1.2Reading PassageIn this large, prospective investigation of red and processed meat intake in relation to cancer risk, we found elevated risks for colorectal and lung cancer with both meat types. Red, but not processed, meat intake was also associated with increased risk for cancer of the esophagus and liver. We observed borderline statistically significant elevated risks for advanced prostate cancer with both red and processed meat intake, for laryngeal cancer with red meat, and for bladder cancer and myeloma and with processed meat intake.The cancer site most consistently associated with meat intake has been the colorectum. A recent meta-analysis reported elevated risks in the highest category of consumption of meat. Our study included 1,000 colorectal cancer cases, and it lends strong support to implicate red and processed meat as risk factors for this malignancy. Consistent with previous studies, we observed a stronger positive association for rectal than colon cancer.We found a positive association between red meat intake specifically and cancers of the esophagus and liver, and a borderline significant positive association for laryngeal cancer. The first prospective study of meat intake and esophageal cancer was published recently; that study had only 65 cases and found a positive association for processed meat, but not red meat, with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Our study suggests a threshold effect for red meat intake on esophageal cancer risk, beginning at a low level of intake, with no further increase in risk with higher intakes, as reflected in the p-trend (p = 0.13), although it is possible that the referent group had a smaller-than-expected cancer incidence by chance. Data on meat intake and cancers of the liver and larynx are limited, and our study is the first prospective investigation to report on these associations. Two case-control studies reported elevated risks for laryngeal cancer for those in the highest intake categories of red meat intake and fried beef/veal.Unexpectedly, we found an inverse association between red meat intake and endometrial cancer; this association was not attenuated by adjustment for known risk factors, such as body mass index or menopausal hormone therapy, or by fine controlfor smoking, which has been inversely associated with this malignancy. Previous studies have reported null or positive relations between red meat and endometrial cancer. We also observed inverse associations between processed meat intake and leukemia and melanoma. In contrast to our findings, childhood leukemia has been positively associated with intake of processed meats in a case-control study.Previous studies of meat intake and prostate cancer are conflicting. Some studies have reported null findings, and others suggest positive associations. Despite finding no association between red or processed meat intake and overall prostate cancer risk, we observed a suggestion of an elevated risk for advanced prostate cancer with both meat types. If the relation of meat intake to prostate cancer is confined to advanced disease, this could explain some of the inconsistencies in the literature as most previous studies have not specifically addressed advanced prostate cancer.With regard to breast cancer, a pooled analysis of eight cohort studies found no association with red meat intake; however, the two most recent prospective studies found positive associations for both red and processed meat, specifically for estrogen and progesterone receptor–positive breast cancers in premenopausal women. Although breast cancer risk related to meat intake did not appear to differ by menopausal status in our study, we had very few premenopausal cases (n = 94) and lacked information on hormone receptor status for a large number of cases.Both red meat, regardless of processing procedure, and processed meat can be linked to carcinogenesis by different mechanisms; for example, they are both sources of saturated fat and iron, which have independently been associated with carcinogenesis. Associations between saturated fat and cancer are likely to be related to energy balance in general, whereas iron is thought to contribute to carcinogenesis specifically by generating free radicals and inducing oxidative stress. Most recently, dietary fat was positively associated with breast cancer, and iron intake was positively associated with liver and colorectal cancers.This study was primarily limited by its relatively small sample size. An earlier start in data collection would have increased the time needed to survey more participants. Ideally, the number of participant would have been more evenly distributed across gender/year in population. A larger sample with diversity would have benefited our results. Other limitations of this study included some degree of possible measurement errors, although we attempted at minimizing the error in measurement and the measurement data compared very favorably to other researches. In conclusion, a diet high in red or processed meat was associated with an elevated risk of both colorectal and lung cancer; in addition, red meat was associated with an elevated risk of esophageal and liver cancer. A decrease in the consumption of red and processed meat could reduce the incidence of cancer at multiple sites.1.3Reading Comprehension1.3.1What are the results discussed?1.3.2Decide how many elements this sample includes and how they function.2Language Focus2.1 Cause and effect2.1.1 Read the following sentence from the text, and see the causal relations.Associations between saturated fat and cancer are likely to be related to energybalance in general, whereas iron is thought to contribute to carcinogenesis specifically by generating free radicals and inducing oxidative stress.2.1.2 Using signal words for causal relations.Emphasising causegiving rise tobringingaboutIf people smoke more, the death rate from cancer will increase.Additionally, you should be careful when using commas. Conjunctions such as therefore, consequently, as a result, and for this reason are usually followed by a comma, as in these examples:The weather was cold; therefore, Sally closed the window.The weather was cold. Therefore, Sally put on her coat.The weather was cold. Consequently, Sally put on her scarf.A blizzard hit the town. As a result, the schools were closed.2.1.3 Causal markersComplete the following paragraph by filling in missing causal words.Recurring headaches can have initiate disruptive effects in a person'slife. __(1)___, in many cases, these headaches make a person nauseous to the point that he or she must go to bed. ___(2)___, sleep is often interrupted ___(3)___ the pain. Disrupted sleep worsens the physical and emotional state of the sufferer. For those who try to maintain a normal lifestyle, drugs are often relied on to get through the day. Such drugs, of course, ___(4)___ other negative effects. Drugs can inhibit productivity on a job, perhaps even ___(5)___regular absences. Not only is work affected, but the seemingly unpredictable occurrence of these headaches ___(6)___ disruption in family life. The interruption to a person's family life is enormous: cancelling plans in the last minute and straining relationships with friends and family. It is no wonder that many of these people feel discouraged and even depressed ___(7)___ the cycle of misery reoccurring headaches cause.2.1.4Notes into a Causal ParagraphTurn the following notes into a paragraph of cause and effect.•Lack of water dryness in the soil leaves wilt death of plant.•Too much water leaves droop or become yellow death of plant.•Too strong sun baked soil roots killed death of plant.•Lack of light pale leaves & thin stems death of plant.2.2Strengthening or weakening of your statementsThe discussion sections of a research paper focus on making claims and then adding support for those claims. What are claims? Claims are statements about ideas and data from you and other people. Here is an example of a claim.Example:Basic claim: An increase in smoking among teenagers caused long-term health problems.When the proof of your idea or data is clear, you should strengthen your claim. When the evidence is less certain, you should limit or weaken your claim. Below are some examples of strengthening and limiting the above claim.Examples of Stronger Claims:Increase: a sharp increaseCaused: undeniably caused, clearly caused, undoubtedly caused, must have caused, etc. long-term health problems, widespread long-term health problemsYou could also add expressions to the beginning of the sentence:It is clear that an increase . . .A great deal of evidence leads us to conclude that an increase . . .We must conclude that an increase . . .Examples of Limited Claims:Increase: A probable increaseCaused: may have caused, seemed to have caused, contributed to, was one cause of, etc.Again, you could also add expressions to the beginning of the sentence:We have reason to believe that an increase . . .It is possible that an increase . . .2.2.1 Read the sample discussion section and look for expressions of strengthening or weakening claims.2.2.2 Strengthening or weakening of your claimsLearn the following words for strengthening or weakening a claim.Strengthening a claimNouns: certainty, evidence, the fact thatAdverbs: very, pretty, quite, clearly, obviously, undoubtedly, certainly, of course, indeed, inevitably, invariably, always, literallyAdjectives: key, central, crucial, basic, fundamental, major, principal, essential, significantVerbs: show, prove, establish, confirm, conclude, determine, it is clear that, it is obvious thatWeakening a claimVerbs: appear , argue, doubt, estimate, seen (as), seem, speculate, suggest Adverbs: largely, likely, mainly, maybe, perhaps, possible/possibly, probable/probably, rather, relatively, seemingly, somewhat, sometimesThe following text comes from an article testing the benefits of providing children under 4 years old with zinc dietary supplements. It comes from the very beginning of the discussion section, where the authors summarize the findings they have already presented in the results section. Try to fill the following blanks with a variety of expressions to show the strength or weakness of each claim.In our study, zinc supplementation did not result in a ________ reduction in ________ mortality in children aged 1–48 months in a population with high malaria transmission. However, __________ the effect varied by age, with no effect on mortality in infants, and a __________18% reduction of mortality in children 12–48 months of age (p=0·045). This effect was __________ a consequence of fewer deaths from malaria and other infections. Any effect on mortality in this trial was in addition to a __________ effect of vitamin A supplementation . . .3Writing Practice3.1Writing comparison and contrastA contrast paragraph discusses the difference between at least two things. The following is a table of differences between the two states of Arizona and Rhode Island. Write a text about the following table.States Arizona Rhode IslandPhysical size 114000 square miles 1214 square milesPopulation 4 million Less than 1 millionNatural environments Dry, large desert area Temperate zone, an average of 44inches of rain per yearlandscape Landlocked, no seashore Lies on the Atlantic Ocean,coastline3.2Writing a short discussion textWrite about the three different ways of dealing with polluted land according to the table information below.4. Writing Project4.1 Before writing a discussion section to explain your results from the research, first think about the follow questions:Do your results provide answers to your testable hypotheses? If so, how do you interpret your findings?Do your findings agree with what others have shown? If not, do they suggest an alternative explanation or perhaps an unforeseen design flaw in your experiment (or theirs?)Regarding your conclusion, what is your new understanding of the problem you investigated and outlined in the Introduction?If warranted, what would be the next step in your study?4.2 Work as a team.4.3 Go back to your questionnaires and results gathered respectively from Units 4 and5. Your discussion is based upon the data you collected.4.4 When you finish your writing, pool your pieces of work to polish.4.5 Present your discussion in class.5. Final ChecklistHere is a final checklist for the discussion section. Use it to check what you have written in the previous task.。

(完整word版)学术综合英语英语填空题翻译Unit6

Uint6一、单词对应1。

Innovation and hard work are the cornerstones of this company。

创新和努力是这个公司的基石。

2。

The children seemed to prosper under their grandparent’s care。

看起来,孩子们在他们的祖父母的照顾下茁壮成长.3。

The sweep of the court’s decision could affect all car manufacturers 法院的决策将席卷整个汽车制造业.席卷修改成波及（席卷程度太深）法院的决策将波及整个汽车制造业。

4。

Some people seem to thrive on the pressure of working under a deadline.有些人似乎在工作最后期限的压力下成功。

有些人似乎喜欢在截至期限的压力下工作。

（thrive on 喜欢：从容应对尤指别人不喜欢或认为困难的事）5. Farmers have bounced back from difficult times in the 1980s。

农民们已经从二十世纪八十年代的困难时期恢复过来了。

6。

According to economic projections, China will overtake the USA in ten years.根据经济预测，中国将在十年内超过美国。

7. The planet cannot sustain more than 6 billion people。

这个星球不能维持60亿多人生存。

8. He could barely disguise his scorn for her.他几乎无法掩饰对她的蔑视.9。

The law prevents job discrimination against minorities and women。

管理英语unit6

1.Corporate culture can be conceptualized as a set of understandings that members ofa work unit share in common that affects how they function in and react to their environment.Because corporate culture has important effect on individual employees and overall organizational survival.2.Some researchers often distinguish organizations as having either “strong” or “weak”corporate culture.Strong cultures are often valued by managers because they are seen as instrumental in obtaining high levels of motivation,satisfaction,and security in employees.They consider strong cultures to be critical in terms of organizational survival.Even they suggests that the culture may be “the single most important factor standing between success and failure.”I don’t agree with it.3.One position holds that removing employees from the traditional office setting intoa more isolated environment can only weaken corporate culture.A different perspective is that telecommuting indirectly strengthens the corporation.In my view,the effect of telecommuting varies from different companies with different cultures.4.The Zeus culture is one that depends heavily on the similarity of members,extensive personal contact,and very few procedural guidelines.The Athena culture is characterized as a loose network of teams that work together to solve a wide variety of organizational problem.The Apollo culture can be conceptualized as a bureaucratic culture,The strength of this culture is measured by the ability of its members to understand and follow carefully documented policies.In Dionysus culture,the talents of individuals are of utmost importance and the organization simply exists to facilitate individual accomplishment.Because only minimal contact is required or desired among participants.5.The Zeus culture will be most influenced by telecommuting and least amenable to this work unit,because The Zeus culture’s strength is heavily dependent on the personal contact of key individuals with others in the organization.The Athena culture presents an almost paradoxical scenario.On the one hand,the culture can be envisioned as a loose network of employees that thrives on creativity would seem to be a suitable match for telecommuting.On the other hand,it’s the ability of the members to understand each other’s expertise and to work with a common purpose and understanding that is at the very heart of this culture.Apollo culture would likes handle telecommuting relatively well.Because this culture is less dependent on the informal norms and values among its members. The Dionysus culture seems to best suited to telecommuting by strengthing the self-reliant and individualistic environment.6.Yes,I do.Because the characteristics of varied cultures differ.Some cultures like the Apollo culture and the Dionysus culture may simply be more amenable to telecommuting than the Zeus culture.2.Mind Map3.Does corporate culture will enhance cohesion between employees?It’s up to the type of corporate culture.As the article refers to,the Dionysus culture may not enhance cohesion because the talents of individuals are of utmost importance.In contrary,The Athena culture may enhance cohesion,because it needs teamwork.。

学术英语Unit 6 课后练习答案

Some ___________________________ are focused people on a mission trying ___________________________ to fulfill a specific list of goods. slowly compare products side by side, Others __________________________ deciding what they want as they go along. ___________________________ are focused on getting the best deals Others __________________________ through sales, coupons and volume deals. ___________________________
Unit 6 Consumer Behavior
• Text B
The Customers’ Revenge
– – – –
Critical thinking and reading Supplementary analysis Collocations Suggested answers
Unit 6 Consumer Behavior
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Language Support
2. … this family was in the know and could afford expensive Western brands. (Line 3, Para.10)
Unit 6 Consumer Behavior

学术英语U6

audience can follow it easily.
Unit 6 Making an Oral Presentation
3 Using proper language
3 Let’s start with the problem of sleep deprivation. First, what are the causes of sleep deprivation? Now I’ m going to move on to the effects of sleep deprivation. Another consequence of sleep deprivation is car accidents.
3 Yes, the story really created the effect he wanted to have on the audience.
4 To echo the idea presented in the beginning part of the talk that global warming is a serious issue. 5 To create a good effect.
Unit 6 Making an Oral Presentation
2 Organizing the content
According to a recent survey, two-thirds of the world’s polar bears will be extinct by the mid-century. We heard “save the whales” in the 1990s, we are hearing “save the polar bear” now, we will hear soon “save the human beings”. For the next 10 minutes or so I’m going to look at some of the serious effects of global warming. Basically I’ve divided my presentation into 3 parts. In the first part I’ll talk about the melting glaciers and the way that these are contributing to rising sea levels. Then in the second part I’ll look at climate change and give you some examples of how this is having a serious impact on wild animals’ behavior and habitat. And in the final part I’ll focus on the retreating snowlines and consider how these are causing the death of certain species of trees.

《学术英语（管理）》Unit6

《学术英语（管理）》Unit6《学术英语（管理）》Unit 6 TextA《消费行为(consumer behavior)影响因素(influencer影响因素)》1消费行为研究的是人们做事情的原因。

我们越能明白消费者行为的那些理智的(rational 理智的)、情绪的和经常潜意识的(subconscious潜意识的)原因，我们就越能创造出有效的市场营销活动(marketing compaign)。

2那些好的营销总是能让人们做我们想要他们做的事情吗？不。

但它能以最可能的方式(in a…light 从…的角度；以…的方式)呈现我们品牌的故事。

为了做这件事，重要的是了解什么是消费者想要的，他们怎样做的决定，为什们他们会选择他们要的那个品牌以及我们应该怎样和在哪里和他们交谈。

3在一个杂货店里花费一个小时去观察别人购物，你会看见各种各样不同类型的购物者。

一些人会注重他们的任务并努力去填满一张具体的货物清单。

有些人会慢慢地比较并排的产品，决定着沿路下来什么是他们想要的。

一些人注重通过促销、优惠券(coupons 优惠券)、交易卷(volume['v?lju?m]卷)获得最好的交易。

还有一些人一直徘徊在通道中，寻找着他们应该为周末准备什么的灵感。

4了解消费者做什么是很有趣的，但只是我们一半的工作。

真正重要的是了解他们为什么要这样做。

一旦你明白为什么，你就可以开始预测行为和运用在市场上，那意味着销售。

5消费者行为有两个影响因素值得我们注意：环境和文化。

*环境和消费者行为6我们会受到我们周围每个人每样东西的影响，如朋友、家人、广告、潮流、名人(celebrity 名人)、价格、过去的经历、地位和认知地位等。

所有这些因素组成了我们生存的环境。

7当第二天你坐下来吃早餐时，你倒给你自己一大杯新鲜的冷冻的牛奶。

你觉得有人会陌生奇怪地看着你吗？然后你去一个热闹的新夜店点一杯牛奶。

你发现有什么不同了吗？环境指示你饮料选择的适当性(appropriateness)。

学术英语写作Unit-6-Notice-of-Abstract-or-Paper-Acceptanc

• The abstract should contain all necessary information. Texts which merely give a general description of the subject cannot be accepted. Abstracts which considerably exceed the length prescribed above can equally be rejected. The acceptance or rejection of an abstract, and similarly of a presentation, whether oral or poster, will be the decision of relevant convener or reviewer.
Why is a letter of acceptance written?
• To extend best wishes or regards to the writer.
• To inform the writer that his abstract or paper has been accepted by the conference committee and he is expected to attend the conference if possible.
1. Letter of Abstract or Paper Acceptance
• Why is a letter of acceptance written? • What should be included in the letter? • What is the format of an acceptance letter?

学术综合英语Unit6课文A译文及文后词汇练习答案

dress.
Before Reading
Reading Comprehension
Detailed ReadinRg -C-V_ACfte1r Reading
Vocabulary Development
Translation
C. From the list given below, choose the word which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase in each sentence. Change the form where necessary.
R-B-1.2 T10
我对美国的忧心也是双重的。美国的经济管理是如此松弛，根本无法面对农业津贴与长期预算赤字。美国的科技虽然先进，然而一般美国公立学校的数学与科学课程仅为二流。而美国人民对外面世界没什么兴趣，这又与凭借着自强不息、冲劲与决心而逐渐向世界舞台中央挺进的中国形成了对比。
R-B-1.2 T11
Translation
பைடு நூலகம்
3. economy, economic, economical, economically a. It might be more _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_al_ to buy the video, rather than renting it so many times. b. There were only two _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_ class seats left.
R-B-1.2 T7
我在开封一带漫游时，曾询问当地百姓为何当年的国际交流中心竟能沉沦到这个地步，我得到的响应有不少是对纽约的羡慕。一个男子告诉我他正设法付某人蛇团伙两万五千美元，以便偷渡到美国。但是许多当地百姓却都强调中国正在复兴，而且很快就能恢复它世界领导者的历史角色。

学术英语综合Unit6 译文

第六单元数学Text A应用数学的新风向菲利普·J·戴维斯请将以下句子补充完整，“这是一个_______的时代？”你会怎么填？每个时代的作家不仅会在空格处填下自己的时代，还会选择过去的某个时代。

1947年，诗人W.H.奥登曾经写下，这是一个“焦虑的时代”。

大约在1970年，拥有占星信仰的作词人认为这是“宝瓶座的时代”，充满爱与人类的善意。

而最近，心理医生丹尼尔·弗里曼写下这是一个“偏执的时代”，到处充满了怀疑与监视器。

我们对这个问题的回答，取决于我们所经历的事情。

我认为，这是一个计算机的时代，或者更加严格地说，这是一个数学化的时代。

计算机占据主导地位，引领着这个时代的运行机制，而在每一个计算机程序中都会存在某种数学结构。

在当前这个时代，应用数学化给我们每个人都带来或好或坏或一般的影响。

而这些影响都需要一段时间才会显现。

如今数学的应用范围之广，以至于不只在一个科系里存在数学授课。

CAD/CAM （计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造）已经被运用到牙医学之中。

那么，牙医学的发展是否需要工程学的才能呢？工程学是否也要教授牙医技术？应用数学家或者计算机科学家的基本训练课程应该有哪些呢？这确实需要人们思考。

在我的职业生涯中，有相当一段时间是在所谓的“应用数学的传统科系”度过的。

这里的“传统”指的是这个科系强调的是作为物理现象模型的数学，或者在较小的程度上，通过数据来为社会现象塑造模型。

“传统”这个词也可以体现在这个科系中所教授的专业课程上。

例如，在我任教的布朗大学，应用数学系的研究生课程包括生物物理学模型，基因组学，运筹学，推论统计学，动力系统，以及流体动力学。

这种设置反映了半个世纪以来的变化，因为我们的科系曾是非常有名的固体力学研究中心，研究弹力，可塑性，流变学等等。

而“传统”这个词也可以体现在以下著名的词形变化序列中：描述预测比较再次修补描述但是在另外一种应用数学中运用的是另外一种模型：规定采用监管与社会评估重新制定规定此处有配定式数学的一些简单的例子，有只含数字的，也有非常复杂的系统：●高速公路上的速度限制●特殊职业的法定退休年龄●足球得分系统●决定大学权势等级的运算法则●用以决定抵押贷款实施的老的“分数系统”●美利坚合众国总统选举系统●国家税务系统●国家及国际金融系统类似的例子不胜枚举。

学术英语写作Unit-6.Introduction

In sentence 4 the writer describes the general problem area or the current research focus of the field.
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In sentence 5 the writer provides a transition between the general problem area and the literature review.
Unit 6 How to Write the Introduction
1
Teaching Procedures
1
Lead-in
2
Sample Analysis
3
Building a Model
4
Grammar and Writing Skills
2
Lead-in 1. What information should be contained in the Introduction?
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➢ Literature Review
5. One way to toughen polymers is to incorporate a layer of rubber particles5 and there has been extensive research regarding the rubber modification of PLA. 6. For example , Penney et al. showed that PLA composites could be prepared using blending techniques6 and more recently, Hillier established the toughness of such composites.7

学术英语综合 Unit 6-文档资料

mathematics always remain revisable and, in principle at
least, fallible. Ernest's version of social constructivism has
led to strong criticism. The principal criticism is that
constructivist philosophy, the theorems(定理;原理), truths
and objects of mathematics are all cultural products
created by humans. The theorems and truths of
Now work in pairs and share your answers with your partner.
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Unit 6
Text A Overview
Mathematics
Summarize the main ideas of Text A on the basis
of Task 1/Critical Reading and Thinking/Text A.
mathematical theorems are truths and truths by their
nature are infallible.
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Unit 6
Mathematics
Text B Text analysis
1. Summarize the major argumentations raised in Text B by doing Task 1/Critical Reading and Thinking/Text B.

学术英语综合 Unit 6ppt课件

Now work in pairs and share your answers with your partner.
.
Unit 6
Text A Overview
Mathematics
Summarize the main ideas of Text A on the basis
of Task 1/Critical Reading and Thinking/Text A.
•Learn to analyze comp. lex or controversial issues
Unit 6
Mathematics
Unit Objectives
3. Listening
•Know how to use note-taking symbols and abbreviations
4. Speaking
•Analyze the audience and purpose of the speech
5. Writing
•Achieve coherence in research paper writing
.
Unit 6
Mathematics
Unit Objectives
3. Listening
•Know how to use note-taking symbols and abbreviations
4. Speaking
•Analyze the audience and purpose of the speech
5. Writing
•Achieve coherence in research paper writing
.
Unit 6
Mathematics