国际贸易unit 3 (2)练习
《国际贸易》第三章习题及答案教学文案
《国际贸易》第三章习题及答案《国际贸易》第三章习题及答案第三章国际价值与世界市场价格一、单选1.商品的国际价值是在（）价值的基础上形成的，它也是由抽象的社会劳动所决定的。
1.商品 B.国别 C.劳动 D.时间2.形成国际贸易中不等价交换的基本原因是（）。
A.援助B.垄断C.经济增长D.各国生产率不同3.资本主义生产方式准备时期的不等价交换，当时，（）占统治地位。
A.商业资本B.产业资本C.垄断资本D.生产资本4.最早从理论上阐述国际贸易中的贸易条件的是经济学家（）。
A.李嘉图 B.俄林 C.穆勒 D.马歇尔5.（）已成为衡量一国贸易利益大小的指标，也是反映国际贸易中不等价交换的重要指标。
A.国际价值B.国际价格C.产品的差别D.贸易条件6.（）指一国出口商品的实际收入水平，以反映一国出口商品的实际购买能力。
A.收入贸易条件B.自由市场价格C.垄断价格D.商品贸易条件7. 帝国主义时期的不等价交换，（）占统治地位。
A.商业资本B.产业资本C.垄断资本D.生产资本8.资本主义自由竞争时期的不等价交换，（）占统治地位。
A.商业资本B.产业资本C.垄断资本D.生产资本9.穆勒在《》一书中，分析了两国贸易中两种商品的实际交换比率是由什么因素确定的。
A.国富论B.区际贸易和国际贸易C.政治经济学原理D.论贸易和转变10.（）价格基本上能客观地反映国际市场上商品的供求状况，并且能得到各国普遍承认的具有代表性的国际贸易价格。
A.垄断价格B.转移价格C.世界“自由市场”价格D.管理价格二、判断1.国际价值形成的最重要条件，就是以国际分工为基础的世界市场的建立和发展。
2.形成商品国际价值的国际必要劳动时间，是指世界各国生产同一商品所耗费的社会必要劳动时间的加权平均。
3.比较成本论说明贸易利益是如何在双方间进行分配的。
4.穆勒的相互需求原理背离了李嘉图的劳动价值论。
5.贸易条件改善，贸易利益随之而增大；贸易条件恶化，贸易利益随之而缩小。
《国际贸易实务双语教程》（第三版）课后习题答案
《国际贸易实务双语教程》（第三版）课后习题答案Unit 1 A brief introduction to international tradeKeyI. Answer my questions1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental.2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.3. To gain profit.4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement.5. There are four major forms which are the following:Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise.6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg.the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year.7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing.8. Yes.There are great differences between them.1) direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties.2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarily for financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation).10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest.11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate.12. It is limited by the number of people interested in a firm?s products and services and by customers? capacity to make purchase.13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firm?s resources.14. Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising.15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers? business.II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right1. J2.A3.E4.B5.C6.D7.I8.G9.F 10.HIII Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese1 购买⼒11经济复苏；恢复2潜在销售量12 经济衰退3加价，涨价13间接投资4国内市场14有形货物5制成品15有形进出⼝6边际利润16收⼊及⽀出；岁⼊及岁出7市场占有率17超额能⼒8贸易歧视18贸易中间⼈（商）；经纪⼈9时机选择19全部包建的⼯程承包⽅式10经销周期20许可证协定IV Case Study1 [Answer]：Batteries called "white elephant" exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia,because "white elephant" was a lucky thing in Southeast Asia, but no one was interested in it in the market of Europe and the United States. The boss of the company was very strange that the quality of the battery or the price of reasons,so he asked his staff to investigate.Finally he found that is the brand "white elephant" to be blame.The brand's name translated into English was "white elephant" which meant something were no use but cumbersome in Western countries.It was really a bad translation from culture information perspective.The meaning derived from a legend.According to the legend,there was a king who hated a minister,so he gave a white elephant to the minister for punishment.The minister has to take care of the white elephant,he couldn't give it to others or kill it because it's the king gave it to him. However,the appetite of the white elephant was so great,and the minister became poorer.So it showed people in western countries would not buy the battery for the consumers have no willing to buy something useless but cumbersome.V. OpenVI.Translate the following into English1. Trade is often the …engine? of growth. How ever oversimplified this metaphor may be, it does serve to underline the importance of foreign trade in the process of growth. A healthy expansion of exports may not always be sufficient condition forrapid and sustained growth, but a strong positive association between the two is clearly undeniable. Trade expansion contributes to economic growth in many ways. Among them are the benefits of specialization; the favorable effects of international competition on domestic economic efficiency; the increased capacity to pay for the imports required in development and more generally the stimulus to investment.2. International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. Nations such as Greece and Norway have large maritime fleets and provide transportation service. This is a kind of invisible trade. Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn the money to buy necessities.3. There exist different ways of conducting international business. Exclusive sale means the seller gives the overseas client the exclusive right of selling a particular product in a designated area within a specified period of time. In this kind ofbusiness transaction, the product is bought by the exclusive seller and therefore he should sell the product by himself, assuming sole responsibilities for his profitand loss. Exclusive sale is different from agency where only commission is involved. And difference exists between general contract and exclusive sales because the exclusive seller enjoys exclusive right in a particular area.4. There is no country in the world that can produce all the products it needs. Thus countries join in international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes a country can buy goods and services from abroad on a barter basis. Barter means doing business by exchanging goods of one sort for goods of another sort without using money. Barter trade itself is not enough to meat a country?s import n eeds. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade.Unit 2 General Procedures of Export and Import TransactionI. Answer the following questions(Omited)II. Filling the blanks with the suitable words in the text:1.meeting/satisfying;2.agent, foreign/overseas;/doc/a74fbca93069a45177232f60ddccda38376be1c2.html mission;4.own;5.setting;6.patent;7.profits;8.outlets; 9.joint, venture; 10.subsidiaryIII. J udge the following statement, mark True (T) or False(F)1F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10. TIV. Explain the meaning of the words or phrases below as requested1. Offer: An offer is a proposal made by sellers to buyers in order to enter into the contract.2. Withdrawal: It means an offer by the offerer has been withdrawnbefore it is reached to the offeree in order to prevent its entry into force.3. Enquiry: An enquiry is a request for business information, such as price lists, catalogue, samples, and details of the goods or trade terms. It can be made either by the importer or the exporter.4. Acceptance: Acceptance is a statement made by other conduct of the offerees indicating unconditional consent to an offer.5. Shipping agent: Shipping agent(船代）is a ship owner's representative whose job is to find the ships to carry.V. Compose a letter of enquiry with the following particulars:KeysMessrs. Arthur Grey & Son,19 Cheapside,London, E.C.2Dear Sirs,We have obtained your name and address from China Council for Promotion of International Trade and learned that you are one of the leading exporters of Ice Box in your district.We are now interested in 100 sets of the said article and should be pleased if you would let us know whether you can supply us with the quantity and quality we desire. Please quote us your best price on CIF Guangzhou basis. When offering, please state clearly terms of payment, time of delivery, packingconditions together with illustrated catalogue for our consideration.We are looking forward to your early reply.Yours faithfully,VI. Please make your offer according to the following particulars:KeyDear Sirs,Thank you for your letter of 5th May. We are glad to learn of the inquiries you have had from your customers for our raincoats. Our "D.D." range is particularly suitable for warm climates, and during the past years we have supplied this range to dealers in several tropical countries, from many of whom we have already had repeated orders. This range is popular not only because it is light in weight, but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface.For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows:"D.D." Raincoats100 men's medium @ US$14.50 US$ 1,450100 men's small 14.0 1,400100 women's medium 13.2 1,320100 women's small 12.7 1,270US$ 5,440Payment: by irrevocable L/C at sightShipment: Shipment will be effected within three or four weeks after receiving the L/C.This offer is subject to our final confirmation. We feel you may be interested in our other products and enclose some pamphlets for your reference.We are awaiting your early orders.Yours sincerely, VII. Write a counter-offer according to the following particulars:Keys:Dear Sirs,We thank you for your quotation May 10 for 1,000 sets of Hair IceBox. We find your price as well as delivery date satisfactory, however, we would give our suggestions of an alternation of your payment terms.Our past purchase of other household electrical appliances from you has been paid as a rule by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit at sight. On the basis, it has indeed cost us a great deal. From the moment to open credit till the time our buyers pay us, the tie-up of our funds lasts about four months. Under the present circumstances, this question is particular taxing owing to the tight money condition and unprecedentedly high bank interests.In view of our long business relations and our amicable cooperation prospects, we suggest that you accept either “cash against documents on arrival of goods” or “drawing on us at 60 day?s sight”.Your first priority to the consideration of the above request and an early favorable reply will be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely,VIII. Translate the followings into English1). Economic activity began with the cavemen, who was economically self-sufficient. He did his own hunting, found his own shelter, and provided for his own needs. As primitive populations grew and developed, the principle of division of labor evolved. One person was more able to perform some activity than another, and therefore each person concentrated on what he did best. While one hunted, another fished. The hunter then traded his surplus to the fisherman, and each benefited from the variety of diet.In today?s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilized different economic resources; people have developed different skills. This is the foundation of international trade and economic activities.Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. The first, as mentioned above, is that no nation has all of the commodities than it needs. Raw materials are scattered around the world. Large deposits of copper are mined in Peru and Zaire, diamonds are mined in South Africa, and petroleum is recovered in Middle East. Countries that do not have these resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them.Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. Although the United States is a major producer of sugar, it consumes more than it can produce internally and thus must import sugar.Third, one nation can sell some items at a lower cost than other countries. Japan has been able to export large quantities of radios and television sets because it can produce them more efficiently than other countries. It is cheaper for the United States to buy these from Japan than to produce them domestically.Finally, foreign trade takes place because of innovation or style. Even though the United States produces more automobiles than any other country, it still imports large quantities of autos from Germany, Japan and Sweden, primarily because there isa market for them in the United States.2). The different kinds of trade nations engaged in are varied and complex, a mixture of visible and invisible trade. Most nations are more dependent on exports than on any other activity. The earnings from exports pay for the imports that they need and want. A nation?s balance of payment is a record of these complex transactions. By reflecting all of these transactions in monetary terms , a nation is able to combine the income it receives, for example, from exports, tourists expenditures, and immigrant remittances. This combined incomes is then spent on such items as manufactured goods from other countries, travel for its citizens to other countries, and the hiring of construction engineers.IX. Case Study[Answer]:A 公司与B公司的第⼀封信函可视为发盘，在该发盘中A公司对包装做出了要求。
国贸课练习题
国贸课练习题国际贸易是一个复杂而又关键的领域，对于当今世界各国的经济发展起着重要的推动和促进作用。
在国际贸易的学习过程中，很多课程都会涉及到一些练习题，以帮助学生更好地理解和掌握相关知识。
以下是一些关于国际贸易的练习题，帮助读者进一步加深对国际贸易的理解。
题目一：贸易壁垒贸易壁垒是指各国为保护本国产业而采取的措施，旨在限制进口商品的流入。
请简要说明以下几种常见的贸易壁垒措施以及对国际贸易的影响。
答：1.关税：是指进口或出口商品的税率。
高关税会增加进口商品的成本，降低其竞争力。
这会导致本国的产业受益，但也限制了国际贸易的自由。
2.配额限制：是指对特定进口商品数量设置限制。
配额限制可以保护本国产业，但也限制了国际贸易的自由和多样性。
3.非关税壁垒：包括技术壁垒、健康和安全标准以及反倾销措施等。
这些壁垒可以保护本国产业和消费者，但也增加了国际贸易的成本和不确定性。
题目二：自由贸易协定自由贸易协定是两个或多个国家之间达成的协议，旨在降低贸易壁垒和促进进出口。
请简要说明自由贸易协定的优点以及对国际贸易的影响。
答：1.降低贸易壁垒：自由贸易协定可以取消或降低关税、配额限制和非关税壁垒等贸易壁垒，促进贸易自由化。
2.促进经济增长：通过自由贸易协定，各国可以扩大市场并实现经济互补，从而促进全球经济的增长。
3.提高消费者福利：自由贸易协定可以增加商品的多样性和降低价格，提高消费者的福利。
4.加强国际合作和关系：自由贸易协定可以增进各国之间的合作和关系，为解决其他全球问题提供平台。
题目三：世界贸易组织（WTO）世界贸易组织是一个全球贸易的监管机构，致力于促进国际贸易自由化。
请简要说明世界贸易组织的职能和作用。
答：1.制定贸易规则：世界贸易组织制定了一系列贸易规则，包括关税和非关税壁垒的限制等，以促进贸易自由化。
2.解决贸易争端：世界贸易组织通过争端解决机制，帮助各国解决贸易纠纷，确保贸易的公平和可持续性发展。
3.促进贸易谈判：世界贸易组织促进各国之间的贸易谈判，致力于降低贸易壁垒和达成更加开放的贸易安排。
国际贸易123
一、名词解释1．空白抬头、空白背书提单：空白抬头：在收货人栏不填写具体的收货人，而做成TO ORDER或TO ORDER OF...空白背书:提单转让人在提单的背面签字盖章。
如果还要写上受让人的名字，那就不叫空白背书、而叫“记名背书”了。
2．推定全损：推定全损指实际全损已不可避免，或受损货物残值，如果加上施救、整理、修复、续运至目的地的费用之和超过其抵达目的地的价值时，视为已经全损。
3．D/P·T/R ：即所谓付款交单凭信托收据借单，进口人在承兑汇票后可以凭信托收据先行借单提货，日后如果进口人在汇票到期进拒储，则与银行无关，应由出口人自己承担风险。
4．备用信用证：备用信用证备用信用证是适用于跟单信用证统一惯例一种特殊形式的信用证，是开证行对受益人承担一项义务的凭证，在备用信用证中，开证行保证在开证申请人未能履行其应履行的义务时，受益人只要凭备用信用证的规定向开证行开具汇票，并随附开证申请人未履行义务声明或证明文件，即可得到开证和偿付，此类信用证对受益人来说，是备用于开证申请人发生毁约情况时取得补偿的一种方式，采用备用信用证时，开证行处理的仅仅是与信用证相关的文件，与合同无关，只要受益人出具的汇票和文件（证明开证申请人未有履约）是符合信用证规定的，开证行即对受益人作无追索付款，这咱信用证一般用在投标、履约、还款保证、预付、赊销等业务中。
二、案例分析题1、××公司按CFR术语与英国A客户签约成交，合同规定保险由买方自理。
我方于9月1日凌晨2点装船完毕，受载货轮于当日下午起航。
因9月1、2日是周末，我方未及时向买方发出装船通知。
3日上班收到买方急电称：货轮于2日下午4时遇难沉没，货物灭失，要求我方赔偿全部损失。
试分析此案例。
2、我××外贸公司与国外B公司达成一笔出口合同，信用证规定“数量9000公吨，7～12月份分批装运，每月装1500公吨”。
卖方在7～9月份每月装1500公吨，银行已分批凭单付款。
《国际贸易》练习卷
一、选择题：（每题2分，共78分）1、在国际贸易中，买卖商品是按重量计价的，若合同未明确规定计算重量的办法时，按惯例，应按( )。
A．净重计 B．毛重计 C．皮重计 D．重量计1．按照现行的国际贸易惯例解释，若以CFR条件成交，买卖双方风险划分是以( )。
A．货物交给承运人保管为界 B．货物交给第一承运人保管为界C．货物在目的港越过船舷为界 D．货物在装运港越过船舷为界1．( )本身不是法律，也不具有法律效力。
A.合同B.惯例C.条约D.协议2．按照国际贸易有关惯例，卖方必须在运输单据上表明( )。
A．包装标志 B．警告性标志 C．指示性标志 D．运输标志2．按FOB条件达成的合同，凡需租船运输大宗货物，应在合同中具体订明( )。
A．装船费用由谁负担 B．卸船费用由谁负担C．保险费用由谁负担 D．运费由谁负担2．在国际贸易中，海运提单的签发日期是表示( )。
A．货物开始装船的日期 B．装载船只到达装运港口的日期C．货物已经装船完毕的日期 D．装载船只到达目的港口的日期3．海运货物中的班轮运输，其班轮运费应该( )。
A．包括装卸费，但不计滞期、速退费 B．包括装卸费，同时计滞期、速遣费C．包括卸货费，应计滞期费，不计速遣费D．包括装货费，应计速遣费，不计滞期费3．必须经过背书才能进行转让的提单是( )。
A．记名提单 B．不记名提单 C．指示提单 D．备运提单3．在海洋运输货物保险业务中，共同海损( )。
A．是部分损失的一种 B．是全部损失的一种C．有时是全部损失，有时是部分损失 D．既是部分损失，又是全部损失4．在国际贸易运输保险业务中，仓至仓条款是( )。
A．承运人负责运输责任起讫的条件 B．保险人负责保险责任起讫的条款C．出口人负责交货责任起讫的条款 D．进口人负责接货责任起讫的条款4．按中国人民保险公司海洋货物运输保险条款规定，三种基本险别就保险公司承担的风险责任范围的大小而言，下列四种排列顺序正确的是( )。
国际贸易实务(第三版)第二章习题解答.docx
第二章国际贸易交易前的准备一、名词解释1、国际商品市场调研：是指为了发现一种或一组产品的销售趋势，找出取得销售成功的方法而进行的调查国际商品市场的活动。
它不仅是市场状况和统计数字的罗列，而且还要对它们进行全面分析与研究，为企业的营销与经营管理提供科学决策。
2、直接出口：是指生产企业不通过中间人，而自己直接从事一切出口营销活动。
在直接出口方式下，企业的一系列重要业务活动都是由其自身完成的。
3、间接出口：是指企业将产甜卖给国内的岀口商或委托国内的外贸代理机构，由他们负责经营出口业务。
4、海外生产：是指在目标市场国家或地区就地生产、就地销售。
它也是企业走向国际市场的一条非常重要及有效的渠道。
5、出口商品经营方案：是对外洽商交易、推销商品和安排出口业务的依据。
其主要内容大致包括下列几方而：货源情况、国外市场情况、出口经营情况、推销计划和措施等。
6、国际注册商标：是指企业通过马德里协定和议定书办理商标国际注册。
7、商标国际注册体系：在商标国际注册体系中，主要有两个条约：一是《商标国际注册马徳里协定》，简称马徳里协定；另一是《商标国际注册马徳里协定有关议定书》，简称马德里议定书。
它们共同组成商标国际注册的马德里联盟。
二、简答题1、在进行国际贸易Z前，为什么要进行国际市场调研？国际市场调研包括哪些内容？答：国际商品市场是世界各国之间商品流通与交换的场所。
由于它与国内商品市场在构成、变动规律、市场环境和交换方式等方面的差界，任何企业若要参与国际商品市场营销活动并期望得到成功，就必须首先要进行国阪商品市场调研。
国际商品市场调研的内容比较广泛，归纳起来有两类：国际商品市场环境调研和国际商品市场行情调研。
国际商品市场环境调研通常包括政治环境、经济环境、文化环境、地理环境以及竞争环境等的调研；国际商品市场行情调研的内容主要包括市场营销活动的各个方面。
它概括有以下几方面：出口商品生产的调研、出口商品消费调研、国际商品市场需求潜力的调研、商品价格调研、营销方式调研和商品销售渠道调研等。
国际贸易英文习题（含答案）
国际贸易英文习题（含答案）国际经济学模拟习题（3）一、True or F al se （10*1’=10’）1. Trad e i s a zero-su m activi t y; i f one country gain s, the oth er must lose.2. A nation maxi mi zes satisfaction b y reachin g th e highest possibl e indi fference curve, and inthe absence o f t rad e will p roduce where it s productio n possibili ties sch edule is tangent to an indifference curve.3. Th e factor endo wment s mod el predict s th at int ernational trad e will t end to equali ze theprices o f trade-abl e good s amon g nations, but to in crease the wage gap b et weencapit al-abundant and labo r-abundant nations.4. A tax o f 10 percent on i mport s o f sho es would be an exampl e o f a sp eci fi c tari ff.5. An i mport quot a wi ll not rai se the do mesti c pri ce o f the produ ct as would a t ari ff, becau seit is not a t ax on i mport s.6. In bal anc e-o f-payment s account, a t ran saction resulting in receipt o f a p ayment is recordedas a credit, wh ereas a tran saction resul ting in a p ayment to other n ations is recorded as adebit.7. Becau se they do not in clude an exchan ge o f goods or servi ces, unil at er al transfers do notappear on a n ation's b al ance o f payment s account.8. David Hu me was one of th e fi rst econo mi sts to provide an al yti cal support fo r mercan tili sttrad e polici es.9. A nat ion would be mo st li kel y to find it s trad e balan cei mp rovin g aft er a curren cydepreci ation i f th at nation’s d emand fo r i mport s and forei gn d emand fo r i ts expo rts was ver y inelasti c.10. A nation with n eith er a bal ance o f p ayment s surplus nor a bal ance o f p ayments defici t i s saidto be in int ernal bal ance.二、choi ces（15*3’=45’）1. The law o f co mp arati ve advant agea). was rati fied b y th e Wo rld Trad e Organizationb). explains ho w all countries can ben efit when each specializes in producin g it ems in wh ich i t hasthe great est relati ve effi ci encyc). explain s ho w onl y the mo st effi ci ent nations can benefi t fro m traded). is used to evalu at e a country’s mi lit ary stren gth2. The theory o f absolut e advant age was developed b ya. the Mercantili stsb. David Hu mec. Ad am S mithd. David Ricardo3. David Ricardo developed the pr inciple o f co mparative advantage sho win g th ata. a nation must b e th e least-cost produ cer o f a good in order to export th at it emb. no nation could have an absolut e ad vantage in all goodsc. in a t wo-country exampl e, onl y one nation can have a co mp arati v e ad vantaged. even a nat ion that has lower producti vit y in all goo dscan ben efi t b y export ing the it em in whichit is rel ati vel y l ess inefficient4. An indi fferen ce curvea. sho ws th at most p eople reall y are indifferent abou t intern ational tradeb. sho ws th e demand preferences o f con su mersc. refl ects th e rel ati ve co sts o f product ion within a n ationd. indicat es ho w mu ch l ab or a country h as5. To maxi mize it s sati sfaction, a nation will ensure that it s t erms-o f-trad e lin ea. is tan gent to its produ ct ion possibiliti es fronti er at one point (production po int) and also to th ehighest att ainabl e indi fference cu rve at another poin t (consu mption point)b. is t angent to it s product ion possibilit ies fronti er and intersects an indi fferen ce curvec. int ersects its p roduction possibili ties frontier and is t angent to an indi fferen ce curved. intersect s it s productio n possibilit ies fronti er at one point and an indi fference curve at anotherpoint6. Facto r-p rice equali zatio n predicts th at with int ern ational trad ea. the price o f a n ation’s abundant factor will rise an d that o f it s scarce factor will fallb. the pri ce o f a n ation’s abundant factor will fall an d that o f it s scarce factor will risec. the prices o f a nation’s abundant and scarce factors both will rised. the pri ces o f a nat ion’s abundant and scarce factorsboth will fall7. The effecti ve rat e o f p rotect iona. distingui shes bet ween t ari ffs th at are effecti ve an d those th at are ineffecti veb. is the mini mu m level at which a t ari ff b eco mes effecti v e in li mitin g i mportsc. sho ws th e increase in value-added for do mestic production that a parti cular tari ff st ructuremakes po ssibl e, in p ercent age t ermsd. sho ws ho w effecti ve a t ari ff is in rai sin g revenu e8. The institut ional frame wo rk developed in 1947 to pro mote trade lib erali zati on is kno wn asa. the GATTb. the WTOc. the IMFd. The World Ban k9. Developing n ationsa. have very li mited invol vement in int ern ational tradeb. trad e mo stl y with each otherc. rel y heavil y on export s of pri mary pr oducts to ind ustri al nationsd. rel y h eavil y on exports of manu factured product s10. A custo ms union i s uni que in that ita. has no tari ffs on trade among memb er n ationsb. has no t ari ffs on trade among memb er n ations and a co mmon set o f t ari ffs on i mpo rt s fro mnon-membersc. has no tari ffs on trade among memb er n ations, a co mmon set o f tari ffs on i mports fro mnon-members, and free mo bilit y o f factors o f product ionsuch as labor and capit al amon g membersd. allo ws unrest ricted l abo r i mmi gration fro m non-memb er n ations11. A n ation's b al ance o f p ayments st at ementa. is a record o f th at n atio n's assets abro ad and it s li abiliti es to those fro m oth er nationsb. is an accounting adjust ment pro cess en surin g that a nation's exports will be equal to its i mpor tsc. does not includ e transactions o f forei gn citi zen s o r co mp ani es l iving o r operatin g wi thin thatnation d. i s a record of th e econo mic t ran sactio ns bet ween resid ents o f th at nation and the rest o f th e world, usual l y for a p eriod o f one year.12. Since b alan ce-o f-p ayments accountin g is a doubl e-entry accounting syst em, an export o f U.S.wh eat to M exico p aid for b y a d eposit to the U.S. exporters account in a M exican ban k would b e recorded on the U.S. b al ance o f payment s asa. a credit fo r merch andi se exports and a credit to sh ort-term finan ci al flo wsb. a credit for merch andise export s and a deb it to sh ort-term finan ci al flo ws.c. a credit fo r merch andise exports and a d ebit to uni lat eral transfersd. a credit for merch andise export s and a deb it to o ffi ci al set tlements13. The fo rei gn-exchan ge marketa. is locat ed in New Yorkb. is a market in Chi cago for the int ern ational trading o f co mmoditi es such as wh eat or copper.c. is a mechani sm fo r individual s and insti tutions to exch ange one nation al or regional cu rren cy o rdebt inst ru ment for those of oth er n ations or region s.d. is open fro m 9:00 a.m. t o 3:00 p.m. New Yo rk ti me, Monday throu gh Frid ay.14. Market fund ament als t hat mi ght be exp ected to i nflu ence exchan ge rat e mo vements in clude all o fthe follo wing factors excepta. di fferences in real in co me gro wth rat es b et ween countriesb. differences in real interest rates bet ween countriesc. sp ecul ati ve opinion abo ut futu re exch ange rat esd. chan ges in p ercei ved profit abili t y o f econo mi c in ve st ment s b et ween t wo countries15. If in fl ation is high er i n Mexico th an in the Unit ed States, th e law o f on e price would predict thata. t rad e bet ween M exi co and th e Unit ed States would declin eb. the dollar pri ce o f au tos purchased in Mexi co would be hi gher th an the dollar pri ce ofco mp arable autos purchased in the Unit ed Statesc. the p eso would appreci ate relati ve to th e dollar b y an amount equal in p ercen tage t erms to thedifference bet ween th e t wo infl ation rat esd. the peso would depreci ate rel at ive to the dollar b y an amount equal in percen tage t erms to thedifference bet ween th e t wo infl ation rat es三、Questi ons（45’, answer these questi ons i n Chi nese）1. Assu me that l abor i s th e onl y factor used in production, and that the cost s o f producing b utt er and cloth are gi ven by the t abl e belo w.(8’)Cost in labor-hours to produce Home Foreign1 unit of butter 1/8 11 unit of cloth 1/4 1/2(1) Express the pri ce o f bu tter rel ati ve to th e pri ce o f cloth in t erms o f l abor content for Ho me and Forei gn in the ab sen ce o f t rade.(2) Wh at do these relati ve prices reveal about each country’s co mparati ve advantage?(3) Wh at do these rel ati ve prices su ggest about the wo rld pri ce o f butt er rel at ive to cloth th at wi ll exist on ce these countri es trad e wi th each oth er?(4) If the world price st abilizes at 1 wi th trad e, what are the gain s b y the Ho me country achieved through trade with th e Forei gn country?2. Expl ain th e i mmi seri zi ng gro wth and li st the case fori mmiserizin g gro wth to be occur. (8’)3. Expl ain the ex cha n ge rate o vershootin g theory (8’)4. Suppose that the no min al interest rate on 3-month Treasury bill s is 8 percent in the United Stat esand 6 percent in th e Unit ed Kingdo m, and the rat e o f infl ation i s 10 percent in the Unit ed Stat es and 4 percent in th e Unit ed Kingdo m.(9’)(1) Wh at i s the real interest rat e in each nation?(2) In whi ch direction wou ld intern ational invest men t flo w in response to these real int erest rates?(3) Wh at i mpact would these in vest ment flo ws h ave on the dollar’s exch ange value?5. Wh at effects do es labor mi gration have on th e country o f i mmi gration? Th e country o f emi gration?Th e world as a whole?(12’)国际经济学模拟习题（3）参考答案一、判断题（每题1分，共10分）╳√ ╳╳╳√ ╳╳╳╳二、选择题（每题3分，共45分）bcdba acacb dbccd三、简答题（共45分）1、(1) 封闭条件下，本国可以用一半的生产一单位布的劳动时间生产一单位黄油。
国际工程贸易英语U03
Cost calculation
Cost-plus method （成本加成法）
Marginal cost pri
– – – – – Determine the objective in the foreign market Compute the actual cost of the export product Compute the final consumer price Evaluate market demand and competition Consider modifying the product to reduce the export price – Include "non-market" costs, such as tariffs and customs fees – Exclude cost elements that provide no benefit to the export function, such as domestic advertising.
• Pro forma invoice: 是一种非正式发票，是卖方对潜在的 买方报价的一种形式。买方常常需要形式发票作为申请进 口和批准外汇或开立信用证之用。形式发票是在没有正式 合同之时，经双方签字或盖章之后发生法律效力的充当合 同的文件，它括产品名称、单价、数量、总额以及报价方 式、汇款方式和交货期等。它本来只是在客户确认了价格 并下了定单之后卖方所做的使对方再次确认的发票，但在 没有正式合同它即是合同，通常用于报关之时作为报关的 六文件之一进行报关查验。“Pro forma”是拉丁文，它的 意思是“纯为形式的”，所以单从字面来理解，Pro forma Invoice 是指纯为形式的、 无实际意义的发票。这 种发票本来是卖方在推销货物时，为了供买方估计进口成 本，假定交易已经成立所签发的一种发票
国际贸易全套练习题及答案
国际贸易全套练习题及答案一、选择题1、在国际贸易中，以下哪个术语最常用于指明货物所有权在何时从卖方转移至买方？A.装运港B.目的港C. FOBD. DDP正确答案：C. FOB。
解释：FOB（Free On Board）术语指明货物在装运港装上船后，货物的所有权即从卖方转移至买方。
2、在国际贸易中，以下哪个国家是中国的主要贸易伙伴？A.美国B.日本C.韩国D.俄罗斯正确答案：B.日本。
解释：中国与日本之间的贸易往来历史悠久，且近年来双边贸易额持续增长，因此日本是中国的主要贸易伙伴。
3、下列哪个术语最常用于描述货物的实际交付？A.贸易术语B.运输方式C.交货方式D.付款方式正确答案：C.交货方式。
解释：交货方式是指卖方如何将货物交给买方，包括实际交货和象征性交货两种。
实际交货是指卖方将货物实际交给买方，而象征性交货是指卖方以提交单据代替交货。
因此，选项C最常用于描述货物的实际交付。
4、下列哪个术语最常用于描述货物的运输方式？A.贸易术语B.运输方式C.交货方式D.付款方式正确答案：B.运输方式。
解释：运输方式是指货物从出发地到目的地所采用的运输方式，包括海运、陆运、空运、邮寄等多种方式。
在国际贸易中，选择合适的运输方式对于货物的及时到达和降低成本至关重要。
因此，选项B最常用于描述货物的运输方式。
5、在国际贸易中，以下哪个术语最常用于描述货物的保险？A. FOBB. CIFC. DDPD. EDI正确答案：B. CIF。
解释：CIF（Cost, Insurance and Freight）术语中包含了保险这一要素，因此最常用于描述货物的保险。
该术语要求卖方购买保险，并在货物装运后将保险单交给买方。
国际贸易术语练习题答案国际贸易术语练习题答案1、根据国际贸易术语，下列哪项表述是正确的？A.只有在国际上有惯例所适用的国家才可以使用国际贸易术语。
B.国际贸易术语可以完全排除买卖合同中约定的某项义务。
C.国际贸易术语可以代替买卖合同中约定的某项义务。
Unit 3 带答案
UNIT 3 复习题1.Choose the right answer from the four choices below.(1)The term FOB should be followed by ( A ).A. named port of shipmentB. named port of destinationC. named place of destinationD. named place(2)The term FCA should be followed by ( D ).A. named port of shipmentB. named port of destinationC. named place of destinationD. named place(3)The term CFR should be followed by ( ).A. named port of shipmentB. named port of destinationC. named place of destinationD. named place(4)The term CPT should be followed by ( ).A. port of shipmentB. port of destinationC. named place of destinationD. named place(5)The term CIF should be followed by ( B ).A. named port of shipmentB. named port of destinationC. named place of destinationD. named place(6)The term CIP should be followed by ( C ).A. named port of shipmentB. named port of destinationC. named place of destinationD. named place2. Select all of the correct answers.(1)Under which of the following terms is the seller responsible forinsurance? ( B D )A. FOBB. CIFC. FCAD. CIP(2)Under what terms is the buyer liable for the contract of carriage?( BC )A. CFRB. FCAC. FOBD. CPT(3)Which of the following terms are suitable for multi-modal transport?( CD ). FCA、CPT、CIP贸易术语适用各种运输方式和多式联运A. CIFB. FOBC. CPTD. CIP(4)Which of the terms are only used for sea or inland waterway transport?( D )FOB、CFR、CIF等贸易术语只适用海运和内河运输A.CIPB.CPTC.FCAD.CFR3. Translate the following into chinese :(1)INCOTERMS 2000 国际贸易术语解释通则2000(2)ICC 国际刑事法院(3) To provide a set of uniform rules for the interpretation of the mostcommonly used trade terms in foreign trade, ICC first publisheda set of international rules for the interpretation of trade termsknown as “Incomterms 1936” in 1936.译文：为了给国际贸易中普遍使用的贸易术语提供一套解释的统一规则，国际商会于1936年发布了一套用于诠释这些贸易术语的国际规则，统称为《国际贸易术语解释通则1936》。
国贸实务练习题
国贸实务练习题国际贸易是当今经济全球化的重要组成部分，对于从事国际贸易相关工作的人来说，熟悉国际贸易实务非常重要。
本文将通过给出一些国贸实务练习题，来帮助读者巩固和扩展相关知识。
一、多选题1.国际贸易的主要特点包括（）。
a)地域性b)交叉性c)国际性d)某地性2.以下哪个是国际贸易的基本原理？a)价廉物美b)供需平衡c)互利互惠d)二八定律3.国际贸易主要形式包括（）。
a)货物贸易b)服务贸易c)技术贸易d)资本贸易4.以下哪个国际贸易术语是指买方在出口前须在货物已装船的情况下向卖方支付货款？a)Sight L/Cb)FOBc)CIFd)Advance payment5.以下哪个是国际贸易中常用的支付方式？a)现金支付b)电汇c)信用证d)货到付款二、问答题1.简述国际贸易的好处。
国际贸易可以带来以下好处。
首先，国际贸易能够增加商品的供应，满足各国人民的日常需要。
其次，国际贸易能够提供更多的就业机会，促进经济发展和社会稳定。
此外，国际贸易还能够促进资源配置的优化，并为各国企业提供更广阔的市场发展空间。
2.简述国际贸易的风险与挑战。
国际贸易也存在一些风险和挑战。
首先，国际贸易受到全球经济波动的影响，市场需求不稳定，价格波动较大。
其次，国际贸易涉及到不同国家之间的法律、文化和政策差异，需要面对各种贸易壁垒和法律风险。
此外，国际贸易还需要面对货币汇率风险和支付风险等。
三、案例分析某国企业出口一批货物给美国客户，双方通过FOB方式进行贸易，货物装船后，买方使用信用证方式支付货款。
然而，在货物运输途中，船只遭遇海盗劫持，货物遭到严重损坏。
买方认为货物受损是卖方的责任，请分析以下问题：1.根据FOB贸易术语，货物的责任何时候转移给买方？根据FOB贸易术语，货物的责任在装船后转移给买方。
2.根据信用证支付方式，买方是否有责任支付货款？根据信用证支付方式，买方在货物装船后需要支付货款，因此仍有责任支付货款。
3.卖方是否应承担货物遭受海盗劫持的责任？根据FOB贸易术语，卖方的责任在货物装船后结束，因此卖方不应承担货物遭受海盗劫持的责任。
国际贸易英文版答案Unit2
国际贸易英文版答案Unit2第一篇：国际贸易英文版答案Unit 2Unit 2ExercisesI.Answer the following questions1.Why should we specify name of commodities in sales contract? What details should be mind when we stipulate the clauses of name?2.What should we watch when we follow “sale by sample”? Can we follow both “sale by sample” and sale by description” in one contract?3.Why is “more or less” clause in that important? What should we watch when we stipulate “more or less” clause?4.How packing is roughly classified? What are the functions of packing?5.What marks are usually used in transportation of goods? What should we watch when those marks are made and printed?II.Decide the following statement whether it is true or not.If not, correct the wrong statement.1.If a set of mechanical and electrical equipment is going be imported, “sale by specification” is a better method to be used to specify the quality.(√)2.When clause of quality is stipulated in the contra ct, it’d better not use both “sale by sample” and “sale by specification”.(×)sometimes both can be used.3.All products can be traded by merely their marks and/or brands if their quality is stable, reputation is sound and with which the consumers or custome rs are familiar.(√)4.In international trade, calculating by weight is the most commonly used method to decide quantity of trade goods.(√)5.Clause of quantity mainly deals with the quantity of the trade goods.(×)as well as the system of weight and ways to measure the goods.6.In international selling and buying, only the International System is allowed to indicate quality of the trade goods.(×)Not only.Other systems can be used.7.Besides raw silk, wool and cotton, conditioned weight is commonly used to indi cate quality of many other products.(×)Net weightually we don’t accept neutral packing and OEM in our export trade.(×)Sometimes we do accept the practice.9.Gross weight is the most widely used methods to calculate weight.According to international rules and practices, weight is calculated by gross weight unless otherwise stated in the contract.(×)Net weight10.The system we follow to create our own product code is Asian Article Number Association.(×)European Article Number III.Case studyCase 1Chinese company signed a contract with an Australian buyer.T otal amount of the sale is 200,000 Australian dollars.According to the contract, each piece of the trade goods should bepacked in a plastic bag with both English and French instructions.When the goods reach Australia, the buyer found that goods are not packed in plastic bag.And there is only English instruction.Can the buyer lodge a claim and ask for compensation? Why?Case 2A contract was signed between Chinese company YS and an American buyer NT for writing paper.In the contract under “Name of Commodity” “Hand-made Writing Paper wasspecified as name of the trade product, and the name was used in all documents and invoices.When NT received the paper, after re-inspecting, NT found that part of the production process was in fact finished by machine.NT claimed for compensation.YS refused, claiming that main processing stages of the paper were finished as the stipulation by hand.Besides, when the contract was signed, the agent of NT has examined the sample on the spot.(But “sale by sample” was not stipulated in the contract).Since the actual quality of the sent paper is in accordance with the sample, YS believes the contract was fulfilled as required by the contract.Who, do you believe, should be responsible? And how should the dispute be handled?Keys:I.Answer the following questions1.a.1.In practical sense, name or description of commodity is the substantial foundation and premise 1ofa single transaction.Therefore, while the seller and the buyer negotiate, conclude the transaction and sign the contract, name of commodity or further essential description must be clearly laid down.b.In legal sense, description of the commodity is the key component of the contract by course of law.It constructs the basis of the transaction and touches on the rights and obligations of both the seller and the buyer.If the goods delivered by the seller are not in accordance with the agreed name of commodity and/or other description, the buyer reserves the right to lodge a claim, reject the goods or even cancel the contract.2.When we trade following “sale by sample”, two basic principles must be followed.Firstly, the sample provided is the mere basis while commodities are delivered and accepted;secondly, the quality of the commodities must be in conformity with the sampleprovided.Both “sale by sample” and sale by description” can be used in one contract.3.Owing to the influence of natural conditions, packing requirements, transportation conditions or limitations of measurement tools, the actual quantity may be somehow more or less than the contracted quantity when delivery is taken.So flexibility2 is specified in the contract.The specification of the flexibility is in fact the “more or less” clause.If there is a “more or less” claus e in the contract, it is necessary to state clearly who has the option to decide the quantity latitude, the buyer or the seller and the specific latitude.4.Many different types of packing are adopted in international trade.According to the role第二篇：国际贸易英文自我介绍国际贸易英文自我介绍as an international trade specialized student, i know the importance of english in english learning, so i have been high-standard requirements themselves.through their own efforts, to xx passed cet band 4 and again to xx points passed cet6.in spoken english i have been in the exercise myself, and reached a certain level.in addition, i also laid a japanese primary basic.not only in english, as the rest of course also study hard.in six semester four times won the scholarship, and once passed the national computer rank examination(level 2).moreover i took an active part in social practice activities, and to exercise their professional skills,increase their professional knowledge, and has achieved good results.through a series of stratified activities, i also gradually grasp the people contacts and communication skills, learning how to make ourselves in a harmonious interpersonal relationships.throughstudies i deeply realize the theory instruction practicemeaning, and really in the code yourself.in learning and activities of remaining i also actively enrich himself, reading, rich knowledge, and grasped certain of the computer application skills enough to handle the job requirement.believe after three years study the lives of hone, already will i hammer become a moral decently, strong-willed, high ideals and soaring aspirations, has the enterprising spirit and team cooperation spirit of excellent college students.believe i have knowledge and competence can completely fit for any difficult work, environment of hard did not prevent completed i finish work.if i am lucky to become a member of your company, i will put all the youth and enthusiasm exert into work, obtain due grades for the development of the company, and contribute their efforts.第三篇：国际贸易英文术语商检费 commodity inspection fee海运费 ocean freight集卡运费、短驳费 Drayage订舱费 booking charge转运费 transportation charge污箱费 container dirtyness change坏箱费用 container damage charge清洁箱费 container clearance charge分拨费 dispatch charge报关费 customs clearance fee操作劳务费 labour fee or handling charge商检换单费 exchange fee for CIP换单费 D/O fee拆箱费 De-vanning charge港杂费 port sur-charge电放费 B/L surrender fee冲关费emergent declearation change 海关查验费customs inspection fee 提箱费 container stuffing charge 滞期费 demurrage charge 滞箱费 container detention charge 卡车运费 cartage fee 车上交货 FOT(free on track)电汇手续费 T/T fee转境费/过境费 I/E bonded charge待时费 waiting charge仓储费 storage fee改单费 amendment charge拼箱服务费 LCL service charge动、植检疫费 animal & plant quarantine fee移动式其重机费 mobile crane charge进出库费 warehouse in/out chargePRICE 价格FOB Liner Terms FOB 班轮条款FOB under tackle FOB吊钩下交货FOB stowed(FOBS)船上交货并理舱FOB trimmed(FOBT)船上交货并平舱FOB stowed and trimmed(FOBST)船上交货并理舱和平舱CFR Liner Terms 贸易术语款CFR Landed CFR 卸到岸上CFR EX Tackle CFR吊钩下交货CFR EX Ship’s Hold CFR舱底交货Documents against acceptance(D/A)承兑交单Documents against payment(D/P)付款交单Documents against payment after sight(date)远期付款交单PAYMENT 支付Draft 汇票Draft(bill of exchange)汇票Trade bill 商业汇票Banker’s draft 银行汇票Clean bill(of exchange)光票Documentary bill(of exchange)跟单汇票Draft with(without)recourse 有(无)追索权的汇票Sight draft 即期汇票Time draft(usance draft)远期汇票To order 空白抬头Blank endorsement 空白背书Discount 贴现Remittance 汇付方式M/T(Mail transfer)信汇T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇D/D(demand draft，remittance by ban k’s demand draft)票汇Check(cheque)支票Promissory note 本票International postal money order 国际邮政汇票Payment 支付方式Cash payment(cash against documents)现付Cash on delivery(C.O.D.)交货付现Cash with order(C.W.O.)随订单付现Deferred(delayed)payment 延付Dishonour 拒付，退票Payment by installments 分期支付Open account trade(O.A.T.)记账交易Collection 托收Clean collection(collection on clean bill)光票托收Documentary collection(collection on documents)跟单托收Documents against payment(D/P)付款交单D/P at sight 即期付款交单D/P after sight 远期付款交单D/A(Documents against acceptance)承兑交单L/G(letter of guarantee)银行保证书Payment by banker’s letter of guarantee(payment by banker’s L/G)凭银行保证书支付L/C(letter of credit)Payment by letter of credit(payment by L/C)凭信用证支付信用证L/C(letter of credit)信用证信用证Irrevocable credit 不可撤销信用证Revocable credit 可撤销信用证Confirmed credit 保兑信用证Unconfirmed credit 未加保兑信用证Documentary credit 跟单信用证Clean credit 光票信用证Acceptance credit 承兑信用证Sight credit 即期信用证Usance(time)credit 远期信用证Transferable credit 可转让信用证Non-transferable credit 不可转让信用证Divisible credit 可分刈信用证Anticipatory credit 预支信用证Red clause credit 红条款，预支信用证Back to back credit 背对背信用证Revolving credit 循环信用证Unrevolving credit 非循环信用证Reciprocal credit 对开信用证Stand-by credit(commercial paper credit，guarantee credit，performance credit)备用信用证CONTRACT 合同Sales contract(confirmation)销货合同(确认书)Purchasecontract(confirmation)购货合同(确认书)Confirmation of order 订单确认书Distributorship contract(agreement)经销合同(协议)Sole distributorship contract(agreement)独家经销合同(协议) Exclusive(sole)sales contract(agreement)包销合同(协议)Consignment contract(agreement)寄售合同(协议)Agency contract(agreement)代理合同(协议)Time to volume 及时大量生产Time to money 及时大量交货FOUR CONTROL YSTEM 四大管制系统Engineering control system 工程管制系统Quality control system质量管理系统Manufacturing control system生产管制系统Management control system经营管制系统Classification整理(sorting, organization)-seiriRegulation整顿(arrangement, tidiness)-seitonCleanliness清扫(sweeping, purity)-seisoConservation清洁(cleaning, cleanliness)-seiktsuCulture教养(discipline)-shitsukeSave 节约Safety安全质量人员名称类QC quality control 品质管理人员FQC final quality control 终点质量管理人员IPQC in process quality control 制程中的质量管理人员OQC output quality control 最终出货质量管理人员IQC incoming quality control 进料质量管理人员TQC total quality control 全面质量管理POC passage quality control 段检人员QA quality assurance 质量保证人员OQA output quality assurance 出货质量保证人员QE quality engineering 质量工程人员质量保证类FAI first article inspection 新品首件检查FAA first article assurance 首件确认CP capability index 能力指数CPK capability process index 模具制程能力参数SSQA standardized supplier quality audit 合格供货商质量评估FMEA failure model effectiveness analysis 失效模式分析FQC运作类AQL Acceptable Quality Level 运作类允收质量水平S/S Sample size 抽样检验样本大小ACC Accept 允收REE Reject 拒收CR Critical 极严重的MAJ Major 主要的MIN Minor 轻微的Q/R/S Quality/Reliability/Service 质量/可靠度/服务P/N Part Number 料号L/N Lot Number 批号AOD Accept On Deviation 特采UAI Use As It 特采FPIR First Piece Inspection Report 首件检查报告PPM Percent Per Million 百万分之一制程统计品管专类SPC Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制SQC Statistical Quality Control 统计质量管理GRR Gauge Reproductiveness & Repeatability 量具之再制性及重测性判断量可靠与否DIM Dimension 尺寸DIA Diameter 直径N Number 样品数其它质量术语类QIT Quality Improvement Team 质量改善小组ZD Zero Defect 零缺点QI Quality Improvement 质量改善QP Quality Policy 目标方针TQM T otal Quality Management 全面质量管理RMA Return Material Audit 退料认可7QCT ools 7 Quality Control T ools 品管七大手法通用之件类ECN Engineering Change Notice 工程变更通知(供货商) ECO Engineering Change Order 工程改动要求(客户) PCN Process Change Notice 工序改动通知PMP Product Management Plan 生产管制计划SIP Standard Inspection Procedure 制程检验标准程序SOP Standard Operation Procedure 制造作业规范IS Inspection Specification 成品检验规范BOM Bill Of Material 物料清单PS Package Specification 包装规范SPEC Specification 规格DWG Drawing 图面系统文件类ES Engineering Standard 工程标准CGOO China General PCE龙华厂文件IWS International Workman Standard 工艺标准ISO International Standard Organization 国际标准化组织GS General Specification 一般规格部门类PMC Production & Material Control 生产和物料控制PCC Product control center 生产管制中心PPC Production Plan Control 生产计划控制MC Material Control 物料控制DC Document Center 资料中心QE Quality Engineering 质量工程(部)QA Quality Assurance 质量保证(处)QC Quality Control 质量管理(课)PD Product Department 生产部LAB Laboratory 实验室IE Industrial Engineering 工业工程R&D Research & Design 设计开发部第四篇：国际贸易英文求职信国际贸易英文求职信范文Dear leaders:Hello!First of all, your hard work to extend our deep respect!At the same time, also thank you for your busy schedule in my recommended reading materials.I was in Xi'an Translation College of Foreign Languages Institute for English Majors, a 04 session students will be faced with graduation.Experienced a three-year teacher education and colleges of high life, in the face of new opportunities and challenges, I am more determined the “self-confidence, self-reliance, diligence, modesty,” the doctrine of life.Xi'an Translation College of Education of China's well-known talent training base, renowned for their rigorous scholarship, well known for educating people.In such a learning environment, I appreciate the vital to the fun of learning English.Whether in the intellectual capacity or the quality of self-cultivation, I have benefited from.Three years, the Friends of the division in good faith and personal efforts to help, I have a solid foundation of professional knowledge, a systematic grasp of the English literature, linguistics and education, such as the theory ofexit examinations in all subjects, the results outstanding.At the same time, I also have excellent English listening, speaking, reading, writing, translation, such as capacity and be good at innovation in the study.At the same time, after school hours, I covered a lot of extensive books, skillfully mastered the basic knowledge of computer and operating system used, not only enrich their own, but also cultivate their abilities in various In addition, I also actively participate in various social activities, and grasp every opportunity to exercise their own.University for three years, I deeply feel and talents to work, so I benefit from the competition;practical difficulties to the challenge, let me grow up in frustration;Xi'an Translation College, I developed a practical and realistic style of hard work and innovation.I love to engage in the cause of your organization, eager to look forward to your leadership, for the glorious cause of building blocks.If your organization can provide a copy of my employment, I will be very grateful, and take concrete actions to prove that they live up to your choice.A time when the pen collection, solemnly raised a small request: Regardless of whether you choose me, and respect the leadership, I hope you will accept my sincere thanks!Your organization wishes to the cause of success!People put themselves forward: xxx第五篇：国际贸易英文缩写国际贸易、海运单证的缩写主要贸易术语：(1)FCA(Free Carrier)货交承运人(2)FAS(Free Alongside Ship)装运港船边交货(3)FOB(Free on Board)装运港船上交货(4)CFR(Cost and Freight)成本加运费(5)CIF(Cost,Insurance and Freight)成本、保险费加运费(6)CPT(Carriage Paid To)运费付至目的地(7)CIP(Carriage and Insurance Paid T o)运费、保险费付至目的地(8)DAF(Delivered At Frontier)边境交货(9)DES(Delivered Ex Ship)目的港船上交货(10)DEQ(Delivered Ex Quay)目的港码头交货(11)DDU(Delivered Duty Unpaid)未完税交货(12)DDP(Delivered Duty Paid)完税后交货主要船务术语简写：(1)ORC(Origen Recevie Charges)本地收货费用（广东省收取）(2)THC(Terminal Handling Charges)码头操作费（香港收取）(3)BAF(Bunker Adjustment Factor)燃油附加费(4)CAF(Currency Adjustment Factor)货币贬值附加费(5)YAS(Yard Surcharges)码头附加费(6)EPS(Equipment Position Surcharges)设备位置附加费(7)DDC(Destination Delivery Charges)目的港交货费(8)PSS(Peak Season Sucharges)旺季附加费(9)PCS(Port Congestion Surcharge)港口拥挤附加费(10)DOC(DOcument charges)文件费(11)O/F(Ocean Freight)海运费(12)B/L(Bill of Lading)海运提单(13)MB/L(Master Bill of Lading)船东单（或OCEAN BILL OF LADING）(14)MTD(Multimodal Transport Document)多式联运单据(15)L/C(Letter of Credit)信用证(16)C/O(Certificate of Origin)产地证(17)S/C(Sales Confirmation)销售确认书（Sales Contract)销售合同(18)S/O(Shipping Order)装货指示书(19)W/T(Weight Ton)重量吨（即货物收费以重量计费）(20)M/T(Measurement T on)尺码吨（即货物收费以尺码计费）(21)W/M(Weight or Measurement ton)即以重量吨或者尺码吨中从高收费(22)CY(Container Yard)集装箱（货柜）堆场(23)FCL(Full Container Load)整箱货(24)LCL(Less than Container Load)拼箱货（散货）(25)CFS(Container Freight Station)集装箱货运站(26)TEU(Twenty-feet Equivalent Units)20英尺换算单位（用来计算货柜量的多少）(27)A/W(All Water)全水路（主要指由美国西岸中转至东岸或内陆点的货物的运输方式）(28)MLB(Mini Land Bridge)小陆桥（主要指由美国西岸中转至东岸或内陆点的货物的运输方式）(29)NVOCC(Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier)无船承运人TEUTWENTY FOOT EQUIVALENT UNITS 20'柜FEUFORTY FOOT EQUIVALENT UNITS 40'柜SHUT OUT退关CUT OFF CLOSING DATE/CUT OFF DATE 结关日O/F(Ocean Freight)海运费BAF(Bunker Adjustment Factor)燃油附加费CAF(Currency Adjustment Factor)货币贬值附加费BOOKING FEE订舱费DOC(DOcument charges)文件费THCTERMINAL HANDLING CHARGE 码头作业费V.V.D: Vessel voyage directionETD : Eistimated time of departureETA: Eistimated time of arrivalT/TIME : TRANSE TIMET/S : transshipment port主要贸易术语：(1)FCA(Free Carrier)货交承运人(2)FAS(Free Alongside Ship)装运港船边交货(3)FOB(Free on Board)装运港船上交货(4)CFR(Cost and Freight)成本加运费(5)CIF(Cost,Insurance and Freight)成本、保险费加运费(6)CPT(Carriage Paid To)运费付至目的地(7)CIP(Carriage and Insurance Paid T o)运费、保险费付至目的地(8)DAF(Delivered At Frontier)边境交货(9)DES(Delivered Ex Ship)目的港船上交货(10)DEQ(Delivered Ex Quay)目的港码头交货(11)DDU(Delivered Duty Unpaid)未完税交货(12)DDP(Delivered Duty Paid)完税后交货L/C(Letter of Credit)信用证S/C(Sales Confirmation)销售确认书（Sales Contract)销售合同A/W(All Water)全水路（主要指由美国西岸中转至东岸或内陆点的货物的运输方式）MLB(Mini Land Bridge)迷你大陆桥（主要指由美国西岸中转至东岸或内陆点的货物的运输方式）货运代理人a freight forwarder货运代理业务freight forwarding承运人 carrier货物① goods ② freight ③ cargo运输① transportation ② transit ③ conveyance运输业① transportation business ② forwarding business ③ carrying trade陆上运输 transportation by land海上运输 transportation by sea货物运输① goods traffic ② freight traffic ③ carriage of freights ④ carriage of goods滞期费 demurrage滞期日数 demurrage days速遣费 despatch money/dispatch空舱费 dead freight装载 loading卸货①unloading ②discharging ③landing舱单 manifest集装箱箱型container type也有人用container size活用一下：我要改箱型，从1X20GP改到1X40GPI want to change the container type from 1X20GP to 1X40GP改箱型也可以这么表示Pls help me to revise the container size from 1x20GP to 1x40GP做货代的免不了要值班值班 on duty值班表 on duty list值班人员 on duty personattachment附件attached附上CC抄送FYI for your information,for you reference 供参考BLOCK CODE 中转港代码IMP(import)进口EXP（export）出口MAX(maximum)最大的、最大限度的MIN(minimum)最小的，最低限度update这个词蛮常用的报关 customs brokerC/D(customs declaration)报关单报关行 customs broker报关员customs declarer海关退税 customs drawback海关查验 customs examination仓库 warehousefumigation 熏蒸MSDS maritime shipping document of safety危险货物安全资料卡D/R docks of receipt场站收据B/N booking note托书（有时看到的是SI shipping instruction)EIR(E/R）equipment interchange receipt设备交接单LOI letter of indemnity 保函，也称损害赔偿保证书quantity-数量packing-包装cubic meter 立方米包装种类：carton 纸箱（最常见的喽）package 包bag, sack 袋case, chest 箱packet 小包drum 圆桶case, chest 箱box盒wooden case 木箱rate 板条箱bale 包bundle 捆PALLET : 托盘commission-佣金vessel schedule 船期表Booking 订舱Booking Note 订舱单Booking Number 订舱号Container Number 箱号Container Seal 集装箱箱封Lorry with IC Card 有白卡的集卡Cable/Telex Release 电放Missed Voyage Container 漏装箱Cancellation 退关箱tri-axle chassis 三轮车价Ｏ．Ｗ．Ｃ＝＝ＯＶＥＲＷＥＩＧＨＴＣＨＡＲＧＥ如果是海运费用项目的话．有时也表示为Ｏ．Ｗ．Ｓ．ＯＶＥＲＷＥＩＧＨＴＳＵＲＣＨＡＲＧＥ超重附加费void sailing 也就是没有船的意思取消订舱Booking cancelledweight limitations 限重。
国际贸易基础与训练 模块三
商品的品名 商品的品质 商品的数量 商品的包装 综合训练
辽宁机电-工商系
任务一
商品的品名
问题一 商品品名的表示方法 一 品名条款的内容： 列明商品名称，有时也将型 号包括进去 货物描述（Description of Goods)或“商品名称/品名” 栏
辽宁机电-工商系
二 商品品名的方法
辽宁机电-工商系
（1）毛 重（GROSS WEIGHT）以毛作净 （2）净 重（NET WEIGHT） （3）公量（CONDITIONED WEIGHT）
公量=商品净重*（1+标准回潮率）/（1+实际 回潮率）
（4）理论重 量（THEORETICAL WEIG量和净 净重
一表示方式 对商品质量、规格、等级、 标准、牌号等作具体规定
1、 quality to be considered and being about equal to the sample 2、品质公差(quality tolerance) 3、规定机动幅度：
例子：中国花生仁 水分 13%（Max）；不完善 粒5%（max）；含油量44%（min）
辽宁机电-工商系
重量
个数
长度 面积 体积 容积
公斤（KG）、公吨（M/T）、 磅（POUND）（大米、油） 只（PIECE）、双（PAIR）、 套（SET）打（DOZEN）、卷 （REAM）、袋（BAG）（服 米（ METER）、英尺（FOOT）、 装、打火机、眼镜、水彩笔、 码（ YARD） 鞋子） 升（LITER）、加仑（GALLON） 平方米（M2）（皮革等） （液体货物） 立方米（CBM）、立方英尺 （CUBIC FOOT）
国 际 贸 易 基 础 与 训 练
新编经贸英语口译教程第三单元 国际贸易
Interpretation Skills ----Note-taking （Logic）
• 问：我的笔记经常散而乱，如何使我的笔 记更加有逻辑呢？ • 笔记记录要想有逻辑性首先要“理解”。 理解的重要前提是积极的听辨，根据话题、 场合、听众预期哪些是关键词，并进行合 理联想。记录笔记时，理解配合记忆。记 录内容、记忆分配可简略总结如下
Passage Interpretation (E-C)
• Canada was among the first Western countries to establish diplomatic relations with China. We were an early and active supporter of China’s accession to the World Trade Organization [3]. // • 加拿大是最早与中国建交的西方国家之一。我们从很早开始就积极支 持中国加入世贸组织。//
Unit 3 International Trade
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Sentence Interpretation Interpretation Skills Passage Interpretation (E-C) Passage Interpretation (C-E) Extra Exercises
World Trade Organization (WTO) 世界贸易组织
• • • • International Monetary Fund (IMF) 国际货币基金组织 Council for Trade in Goods (CTG) 货币贸易理事会 ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) 东盟自由贸易区 North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA) 北美自由贸易 区 • European Free Trade Association (EFTA) 欧洲自由贸易 联盟 • China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT) 中美商贸联委会 • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) 联合国贸易与发展会议
国际贸易实务英文版第五版第三章计算题答案
国际贸易实务英文版第五版第三章计算题答案1、2．I think Game of Thrones is ________ TV series of the year. [单选题] *A．excitingB．more excitingC．most excitingD．the most exciting (正确答案)2、Many people prefer the bowls made of steel to the _____ made of plastic. [单选题] *A. itB. ones(正确答案)C. oneD. them3、On Mother’s Day, Cathy made a beautiful card as a ______ for her mother. [单选题] *A. taskB. secretC. gift(正确答案)D. work4、Where have you _______ these days? [单选题] *A. been(正确答案)B. beC. isD. are5、—______ my surprise, Zhu Hui won the first prize in the speech contest. —But I think he could, because he kept practicing speaking.（）[单选题] *A. To(正确答案)B. AboutC. ForD. In6、A modern city has sprung up in _____was a waste land ten years ago. [单选题] *A.whichB.what(正确答案)C.thatD.where7、What _______ would you like, sir? [单选题] *A. otherB. else(正确答案)C. othersD. another8、Thank you very much. You gave us ____ our factory needed. [单选题] *A. informationB. informationsC. the information(正确答案)D. the informations9、41．—________ do you take?—Small, please. [单选题] *A．What size(正确答案)B．What colourC．How manyD．How much10、The manager isn’t in at the moment. May I _______ a message? [单选题] *A. take(正确答案)B. makeC. haveD. keep11、19．Students will have computers on their desks ________ . [单选题] *A．in the future(正确答案)B．on the futureC．at the momentD．in the past12、- I haven't been to Guilin yet.- I haven t been there, ______. [单选题] *A. tooB. alsoC. either(正确答案)D. neither13、Nowadays more and more people travel by _______, because its safe, cheap and fast. [单选题] *A. footB. bikeC. high-speed train(正确答案)D. boat14、Customers see location as the first factor when_____a decision about buying a house. [单选题] *A.makeB.to makeC.making(正确答案)D.made15、—When are you going to Hainan Island for a holiday? —______ the morning of 1st May.（）[单选题] *A. InB. AtC. On(正确答案)D. For16、______this story, and you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. [单选题] *A. ReadingB. ReadC. To readD.Being read(正确答案)17、You can't see many _____ in a hospital. [单选题] *A. man nurseB. men nurses(正确答案)C. men nurseD. man nurses18、17．Joe is a good student and he is busy ______ his studies every day. [单选题] * A．inB．with(正确答案)C．byD．for19、—Could you please make the bed?—______.（）[单选题] *A. Yes, I wasB. No, I don’tC. Sure, I’ll do it(正确答案)D. No, that’s no problem20、My brother is _______ actor. He works very hard. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. one21、We ______ to set up a food bank to help hungry people next week.（）[单选题] *A. hadB. are going(正确答案)C. were goingD. went22、______ in the library. （）[单选题] *A. Don’t smokingB. No smokeC. No smoking(正确答案)D. Doesn’t smoke23、If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask him to leave a _____. [单选题] *A. message(正确答案)B. letterC. sentenceD. notice24、If you get _______, you can have some bread on the table. [单选题] *A. happyB. hungry(正确答案)C. worriedD. sad25、--Which is Tom?--He is _______ of the two boys. [单选题] *A. tallB. tallerC. the taller(正确答案)D. the tallest26、I think you should buy this novel. It is really worth _____. [单选题] *A. reading(正确答案)B. being readC. readD. to read27、The story has _______ a lot of students in our class. [单选题] *A. attracted(正确答案)B. attackedC. appearedD. argued28、In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you___ take care of your luggage. [单选题] *A. canB. mayC. must(正确答案)D. will29、Every year Carl _______ most of his time swimming, camping and traveling with his parents. [单选题] *A. is spendingB. spentC. will spendD. spends(正确答案)30、( ) _____ New York _____ London have traffic problems. [单选题] *A. All…andB. Neither….norC. Both…and(正确答案)D. Either…or。
《外贸单证》Unit3 Quantity of Goods
CHARPTER 3 QUANTITY of GOODSI. Aims and Requirments1. 商品数量的含义及重要性2. 商品数量的计量方法II. Focus and Difficulties合同中表示商品数量的方法III. Teaching Procedure1. 约定商品数量的意义2. 计量单位和计量方法1）计量单位(Measuring Unit)（1）计量单位的确定方法（2）国际贸易中的度量衡制度(Measuring System)通常采用的有四种度量衡制度：公制、英制、美制和国际单位制2）计算重量的方法（1）毛重(Gross Weight)（2）净重(Net Weight)对于价值较低的农产品和因包装关系不便分别计算皮、净重的商品，可采取“以毛作净” (Gross for Net)的做法。
计算皮重（Tare Weight）的方法：实际皮重、平均皮重、习惯皮重和约定皮重。
（3）公量(Conditioned Weight)公量的计算公式：例题：内蒙古某出口公司向韩国出口10公吨羊毛，标准回潮率为11%，经抽样证明10公斤纯羊毛用科学方法抽干水后净重8公斤干羊毛，求用公量计算的交货重量为多少？（4）理论重量(Theoretical Weight)（5）法定重量(Legal Weight)和实物净重(Net Net Weight)。
3. 数量条款的规定1）正确掌握成交数量2）数量条款应当明确具体（1）若成交数量前使用“大约”、“近似”等字眼，根据《跟单信用证统一惯例》（以下简称UCP500）的规定，这个约数可解释为交货数量有不超过10%的增减幅度案例分析：我某公司出口布匹以信用证结算，买方银行来证规定，数量大约为5000码，每码1美元，但金额注明为不超过总额5000美元，则我某公司如何掌握装运数量？（2）《UCP500》第39条B款规定：除非信用证规定货物的指定数量不得有增减外，在所支付款项不超过信用证金额的条件下，货物数量准许有5%的增减幅度，但以包装单位或个数记数时不适用。
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3.Translate the following letter into English
执事先生: 回复有关台布事项 我们从我国驻巴基斯坦使馆商务参赞处得悉贵 公司的名称和地址，现借此机会与你方通信， 意在建立友好业务关系。我们是一家国有公司， 专门经营太不出口业务。为使你方对我各类太 不有大致的了解，我们另航寄最新的目录供参 考。如果你方对产品感兴趣，请尽快通知我方。 一收到你方具体询盘，即寄送报价单和样本。 盼复。 敬上
8）It shall be appreciated if you could pass this letter on to the person in charge.
9）我方在12月1日的信中通知你方，我们愿与你方订购500辆飞鸽牌自行 车.。(inform…,place orders with sb. for sth.)
1) 我们想介绍一下我们的业务范围。(business range) 1) We would like to introduce our business range.
2) 我们从史密斯先生处得知你方的名称与地址，他与我们做了பைடு நூலகம்多年的生意
。(obtain …name and address from…)
Dear Sir, 我们作为毛衣主要进口商15年，and are planning to 扩大业务to our neighboring countries. From the clients我们收到了许多 有关毛衣的询价。We are considering the possibility of与你方建立业务关系。盼望贵 方尽早回复。 Yours faithfully
6) 我公司是拉哥斯市(Lagos)最大的电器用品进口商，主要经营电器用品 进口业务。(leading…handling)
6) We are the leading importer of electronic products in Lagos, handling the import of electronic goods.
answer
We have been the leading importers of sweater for 15 years; extend our business; we have received many inquiries for sweater; establishing business relations with you; your early reply shall be appreciated.
7) 如果你方价格有竞争力，我们相信我们之间能达成大量的交易。 (competitive, close deals with…)
7) If your price is competitive, we trust we can close great deals with each other.
8）如蒙你方能将此信转交给负责此事的人，我们将不胜感激。(It shall be appreciated if you could…)
Unit 3 Business Negotiation
CHAPTER ONE Establishing Business Relationship
Improving training
1.Translate the following sentences into English with the given words.
4) We have received many enquiries from abroad.
5）他们以前从英国进口机器，现在想同我们建立业务关系。 (establish business relations with…)
5)They used to import machines from UK, but now they would like to establish business relations with us.
2) We obtained your name and address from Mr. Smith, who has done business with us for many years. 3) 尽早告知你方感兴趣的商品为盼。（shall appreciate it if you could…） 3) We shall appreciate it if you could inform us of the goods you are interested in. 4) 我们已收到从国外寄来的许多询价单。(enquiry)
answer
Dear Sirs, RE: TABLECLOTH We have your name and address from the Commercial Office of Chinese Embassy in Pakistan. We take this opportunity to write to you with a view to setting up friendly business relations with you. We are a state-owned company dealing specially with the export of tablecloth. In order to give you a general idea of various kinds of the table-cloth we are handling, we are airmailing you under separate cover our latest catalogue for your reference. Please let us know immediately if you are interested in our products. We will send you our price list and sample as soon as we receive your specific inquiry. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours faithfully
9）We informed you in our letter of December 1that we would like to place with you an order for 500 sets Flying Pigeon bicycles.
2. Complete the following letter in English