2012考研备考历年考研英语真题长难句解析

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2012全国研究生英语试卷真题解析

第二页，共四十页。
▪ Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be 4 as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not 5 by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself 6 to the code of conduct that 7 to the rest of the federal judiciary.
第八页，共四十页。
▪ Section II Reading Comprehension ▪ Part A Directions: ▪ Read the following four texts. Answer the
questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) ▪ Text 1 ▪ Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex.

历年考研《英语》真题长难句解析

1. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parlia mentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.【译文】经过6个月争论和最后16个小时的国会激烈辩论，澳大利亚北部地区(澳北州政府)成为世界上第一个允许医生根据绝症病人个人意愿来结束其生命的合法当局。

【析句】句子的主体结构是Australia's Northern Territory becam e the first legal authority。

句首成分After six months of arguing an d final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates是作状语的介词词组，动词不定式to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patien ts who wish to die相当于定语从句which allows doctors to take th e lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die，修饰the first lega l authority。

【讲词】to take the life of sb和to take sb’s life意思是“结束某人的生命”。

A car bombing took the life of a 61-year-old man.(汽车炸弹夺去了一位61岁老头的生命。

2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析8

2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析8难句分析：难句1 Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly lowlevel findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.［分析］此句主语是this project，谓语是has turned out to be，findings为宾语，mostly lowlevel是宾语的定语修饰成分，about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes是宾语的补语成分。

combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want是过去分词引导的伴随状语，其中aboutwhat in the world /kcnet1480/ those readers really want是puzzlement的补语。

［译文］遗憾的是，这次新闻机构可信度调查计划结果只获得了一些肤浅的发现，诸如新闻报道中的事实错误，拼写或语法错误，和这些低层次发现交织在一起的还有许多令人挠头的困惑，譬如读者到底想读些什么。

难句2 There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers.［分析］此句的结构主句是一个there加系动词的用法。

2012考研备考历年考研英语真题长难句解析

2012考研复习：历年考研英语真题长难句解析(3），在此望对大家有所帮助,今天的努力就是明天的成功，所以今天我把我大家所需要的都发布出来，也希望各考生们都能如愿，拿到自己理想的分数。

1. The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.【译文】巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所不可缺少的.【析句】本句的主干为The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang，过去分词短语first put forward in the 1920s在句中作后置定语，修饰前面的the Big Bang。

【讲词】Big Bang是天文学的一个名词，应该译成“大爆炸"或“大爆炸理论”。

put forward 意为“提出”。

The Council has put forward valuable concrete proposals on energy conservation。

(委员会提出了宝贵而具体的节能意见。

）China has put forward three historical sites for UNESCO heritage list.（中国提交三个历史名胜申请成为联合国教科文组织的世界遗产。

)UNESCO的全称是the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization。

2. Astrophysicists working with ground based detectors at the South Pole and balloon borne instruments are closing in on such structures,and may report their findings soon。

2012 考研政治英语资料长难句

从三难例句“枪挑”长句难句-0。

Today is Thursday.1。

When we heat anything,it expands.It grows bigger than it was before.2。

A V ACUUM is a space with nothing in it.There is not even any air in it.To take the air out of anything,we need a pump;but even the best air-pump cannot take all the air out.3。

In some countries in which there is very little rain at any time,the farmers have to irrigae their fields.Irrigation is easy enough if there is a great river near the crops,and if there is plenty of water in it.BINBONGKY注册时间2000-8-1 沙发大中小发表于2004-10-28 19:59 只看该作者0。

和1。

都不难，因为句子含义只有一到两层。

如果我们对2和3感到略有困惑的话，其实主要不是因为我们的理解能力不够好，而是阅读方法太急。

总被那些“that,in which”牵着鼻子，试图一口气读完（这是一个通病，我们以为高手就是一口气读完一个长句的，其实高手也是一个意群一个意群地读的，只不过他的停顿时间几乎可不计）。

阅读速度不是眼睛在单位时间内扫过多少单词，而是懂了多少意思！但是，通过意群来读，许多人都知道，具体怎么运用呢？可以这样来降“速”（没有理解的阅读速度是虚的）：假想对面站着另外一人，你说话，他只能通过听你的话来复述。

2012年考研英语阅读二长难句

2012年考研英语阅读二长难句The 2012 postgraduate entrance exam is an important milestone for many students. In the English reading comprehension section, one of the most challenging parts for test-takers is dealing with long and complex sentences. These sentences can be daunting because they require the reader to keep track of multiple clauses, phrases, and ideas at once. In this article, we will discuss some strategies for tackling these difficult sentences and improving your performance on the reading comprehension section of the exam.One common strategy for dealing with long sentences is to break them down into their component parts. Start by identifying the main subject and verb of the sentence, and then look for any subordinate clauses or phrases that provide additional information. By breaking the sentence down in this way, you can make it easier to understand and follow the logic of the author's argument.Another useful strategy is to pay attention to signal words that indicate relationships between different parts of the sentence. Words like "however", "although", "because", and "therefore" can help you understand the connections between different ideas in a complex sentence. By paying close attentionto these signal words, you can better understand the author's intended meaning and how different parts of the sentence relate to each other.Finally, don't be afraid to reread the sentence multiple times if necessary. Sometimes, a long sentence can be overwhelming on the first read-through, but by taking the time to read it again and again, you can gradually piece together the meaning and understand the author's message more clearly.In conclusion, tackling long and complex sentences in the 2012 postgraduate entrance exam requires careful attention to detail and a willingness to break down the sentence into its component parts. By using strategies like breaking down the sentence, paying attention to signal words, and rereading as needed, you can improve your performance on the reading comprehension section and increase your chances of success on the exam. With practice and perseverance, you can conquer even the most challenging sentences and achieve your goals on the exam.。

2012考研备考历年考研英语真题长难句解析

2012考研备考历年考研英语真题长难句解析将历年考试中的经典长难句进行了汇总、分析，希望广大考生能从这些总结、归纳中吸引考试中的精华内容，提高复习效率。

句子一：Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, / extremists of this kind think / that animals lie outside the area ofmoral choice.第二、句子的结构：1)主干结构是extremists of this kind think that…其中that引导宾语从句，Arguing from.。

.是现在分词短语作状语。

2) the view和后面的从句that.。

.是同位语关系第三、词的处理：Arguing from the view 从……观点看，持……观点different from... 与……不同in every relevant respect 在各相关方面extremists 极端主义者，持极端观点的人lie outside the area of moral choice 不在道德问题范围，与道德取舍无关参考译文：这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑道德问题。

句子二：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looks into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looks into the past, / for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures / that existed 15 billion years ago.第二、句子主干结构是：主句+ for +原因状语从句。

2012考研英语真题_十年阅读长难句

2012考研英语真题_十年阅读长难句2000年考研英语真题——阅读长难句Part A Text 1When the United States entered just such a glowingperiod after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.【分析】本句是一个主从复合句，主干是it had a market eight times larger than any competitor。

When引导的是时间状语从句，分词结构giving its industriesunparalleled economies of scale是伴随状语。

【译文】美国在二战结束后恰好进入了一个生机勃勃的时代，当时它拥有的市场是其任何一个竞争对手的八倍，使其工业具有空前的经济规模。

For a while it looked as though the making ofsemi-conductors, which America had invented andwhich sat at the heart of the new computer age, wasgoing to be the next casualty.【分析】本句主干是it looked。

as though引导的从句作系动词look的表语。

在表语从句中，the making of semi-conductors是主语，was going to be the next casualty是谓语。

两个逗号之间是插入语，两个which 分别引导的两个非限定性定语从句修饰semi-conductors。

2012考研英语长难句突破讲义

2012考研英语长难句突破讲义适用对象：考研学子，四级，六级英语学习或相当英语者。

课程目的：打破英语阅读学习的幻觉，真正获得一扇通向别样美丽世界的窗户，人生从此再无长难句。

为英语写作夯实基础。

第一部分方法论讲解�引子我们为什么要精读句子？u�阅读的实际过程是什么l�阅读在句子层面的障碍�简单句的障碍来源简单句没有障碍的情况:简单句的障碍来源：�简单句的障碍识别及处理方法n定语u 前置定语u 后置定语n.+定语从句（不属于简单句范畴）定语从句的作用：今生：I have three books of which the red is my favorite.前世：I have three books.The red of those is my favorite.关系代词：定语从句的连接词：关系连词：介词+关系代词：定语从句的处理方法：Eg1.A poem line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river.Eg2.Man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text.n同位语普通同位语:Eg1.Robots will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at leasta few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge.同位语从句n插入语：万能插入语：Rather than:n状语例1：Using techniques developed for the offshore oil and gas industry,the DSDP’s drill ship,the Glomar Challenger,was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean’s surface and drill in very deep waters,extracting samples of sediments and rocks from the ocean floor.例2：A few art collectors---James BowdoinⅢof Boston,William Byrd of Virginian,and the Aliens And Hamilton of Philadelphia---introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries,especially aspiring artists,and established in their respective communities the idea of the value art and the need for institutions devoted its encouragement.�非简单句的障碍来源�非简单句的障碍解决方案n关联词和主句专一原则u关联词:u主句专一原则:�句子之间的关联方式u 1.并列l并列联词的用法u 2.嵌套l常见的复杂句形式名词性从句：三大从句：形容词性从句：副词性从句：常见的关联词：名词性从句：关系代词：关系连词：形容词性从句：见定语从句副词性从句：见后表格；区分几个句式：It is true that she is a boy.It+系动词+关系连词+句子It appears that this county is getting stronger.It+不及物动词+关系连词+句子The sun rises that looks beautiful.主语+系动词+关系连词+句子The news is true that she is a boy.主语+不及物动词+关系连词+句子旺旺：韩圆圆1店铺地址�层次化句子阅读方法u 1.层次化结构的表示形式u 2.括号匹配法�画左括号的条件�画右括号的条件P.S:笔记区u小结区3.完整信息链法缘起：主谓隔离：谓宾隔离：解决之道：笔记区非谓语动词和独立主格做状语：非正常语序之倒装句：�倒装句的分析方法倒装句的定义：倒装句的分类:倒装句的处理流程:部分倒装：n 1.部分倒装的定义：2.部分倒装的识别和还原：完全倒装：n 1.完全倒装定义：2.完全倒装的存在环境:u 2.1能够在句子中充当主语和表语的成份u3.完全倒装的判断流程笔记区笔记区�强调句的分析方法n 1.强调句的构成n 2.强调句的处理方法旺旺：韩圆圆1店铺地址小结区第二部分难句解析一.隔离结构：1.This success,coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined,led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.2.It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.3．Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters,whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.4.During the past generation,the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.5.Much of the language used to describe monetary policy,such as"steering the economy to a soft landing"of"a touch on the brakes",makes it sound like a precise science.Nothing could be further from the truth.6.According to their latest paper published in Nature,the biomass of large predators(animals that kill and eat other animals)in a new fishery is reduced on average by80%within15years of the start of exploitation.7.Some individuals would therefore not have been caught,since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them,leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.8.On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted--suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.9.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training,and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom.10.The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that,if oil prices averaged$22a barrel fora full year,compared with$13in1998,this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only0.25---0.5%of GDP.11.It identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying"as the twin problems of end--of--life care.旺旺：韩圆圆1店铺地址12.The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly,but that is nonetheless the case.13.The findings add weight to the theory that large areas of the Amazon have recovered so well from past periods of agricultural use that the regrowth has been mistaken by generations of biologists for“virgin”forest.14.An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students"career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform.二.并列结构：1.Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass(the amount of living biological matter)of fish species in particular parts of the ocean,but rather changes in that biomass over time.2.Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this:artists'only job is to explore emotions,and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.3.And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control,to help us sleep and feel better.4.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility,they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least"a few decisions for them-selves-goals that pose a real challenge.5.But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the98 percent that is irrelevant,instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.6.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research,but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.8.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&M wave are the same that underlie the globalization process:falling transportation and communication costs,lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers"demands.9.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training,and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom.10.Instead,we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles,which now more than ever seem in ample supply:the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home;the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants;the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life,whose own children are enrolled in private schools.11.But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river--and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers,"Pluff! Pluff!"A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."三．同位语：1.They gather all the data they can,not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers.2.During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month"s stockholders"meeting,Levin asserted that"music is not the cause of society"s ills"and even cited his son,a teacher in the Bronx, New York,who uses rap to communicate with students.3.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects--a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.4.There are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy--far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.5.The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs,a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing,first by national journals in the19th century and then by several local geological journals in the20th century.6.At the same time,the American Law Institute--a group of judges,lawyers,and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight--issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.旺旺：韩圆圆1店铺地址7.Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and i mportance of shareholders as a class,an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth d etached from the land and the duties of the landowners:and almost equally detached from the respo nsible management of business.四．后置定语：1.Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge,components also critical to problem solving and life success.2.But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”（看翻译）附加句：3.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.4.It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location,title,and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.5.If it did,it would open up its diversity program,now focused narrowly on race and gender,and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook,values,education,and class.6.Sad to say,this project has turned out to be mostly low--level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes,combined with lots of head--scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.7.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research,but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.（看翻译）（名词到动词）8.New ways of organizing the workplace--all that re-engineering and downsizing--are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy,which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery,new technology,and investment in education and training.五．状语:1.President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model,with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.2.It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare,who earns their living,was himself an actor(with a beard)and did his share of noise-making.3.To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.（看翻译）单独成句法4.I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress,that abandoning the doctrine of"juggling your life", and making the alternative move into"downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.st year Mitsuo Setoyama,who was then education minister,raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarII had weakened the"Japanese morality of respect for parents".6.When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion,it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at,for,however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today,it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.7.With regard to Futurist poetry,however,the case is rather difficult,for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right--it can hardly be classed as Literature.8.Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans,he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment-although no one had proposed to do so--and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in90days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.9.Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms ofadvertising,no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to thepromise of his advertisements.六表语：1.The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.2.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that,unlike the rises in the1970s,it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand.七插入语：1.This,for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage,refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.2.From the beginning of our history,says Hofstadter,our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.3.The"true enemies of science,argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University,a pioneer of environmental studies,are those who question the evidence supporting global warming,the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.4."The test of any democratic society,he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column","lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude,however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be..."5.The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle,observes a French sociologist,is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism”over the last century.6.The railroad industry as a whole,despite its brightening fortuning fortunes.still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic.7.The grand mediocrity of today--everyone being the same in survival and number of off-spring--means that natural selection has lost80%of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribe.8.But,for a small group of students,professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills,all other factors being equal,can be the difference between having a job and not.9.While warnings are often appropriate and necessary--the dangers of drug interactions,for example--and many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn"t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.10.This development--and its strong implication for US politics and economy in years ahead--has enthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation’s head counting.八比较结构：1.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the"80s,down-shifting in the mid"90s is not so much a search for the mythical good lift--growing your own organic vegetables,and risking turning into one--as a personal recognition of your limitations.旺旺：韩圆圆1店铺地址2.A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.3.Nowhere do1980census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.4.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly.Summer homes,European travel,BMWs--the locations,place names and name brands may change,but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.5.Surely there is no more commanding moral imperative for people in the west than to urge each ot her,and their governments,to bring relief to the world’s poorest九强调：1.Thus,in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers,coupled with t he desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incom es,that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.十倒装：1．Scattered around the globe are more than100small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.2.Luckily,if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster,a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles.Or so the thinking has gone since the early1980s,when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’misfortunes.3.Emerging from the1980census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition,as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.4.With economic growth has come centralization:fully76percent of Japan"s119million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated,tow-generation households.5.Nor,if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect,is management to be blamed for discriminating against the"odd balls"among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who"work well with the team."十一省略和简洁：1.As families move away from their stable community,their friends of many years,their extended family relationships,the informal flow of information is cut off,and with it the confidence that info rmation will be available when needed and will be trustworthy andreliable.参考译文一.隔离结构：1.参考译文：这个成功以及后来的研究——这些研究表明记忆本身并不是由基因决定的——导致爱立信得出一个结论，即：记忆活动与其是一个直觉还不如说是一个认知活动。

2012考研英语长难句翻译详解带翻译

2012考研英语真题长难句翻译详解对于每一个英语句子的翻译, 并不只是使用一种翻译方法, 而是多种翻译方法的综合运用, 这在英语长句的翻译中表现得尤为突出。

长句在科技性的文体中的出现极为频繁, 因此也就成为研究生入学考试的重点, 通过对近年来试题的分析我们可以看出, 所考查的绝大多数划线的部分都是长句。

在翻译长句时, 首先，不要因为句子太长而产生畏惧心理，因为，无论是多么复杂的句子，它都是由一些基本的成分组成的。

其次要弄清英语原文的句法结构, 找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思, 然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系, 再按照汉语的特点和表达方式, 正确地译出原文的意思, 不必拘泥于原文的形式。

英语长句的分析◎一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。

在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。

找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。

分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。

分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。

注意插入语等其他成分。

1注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。

下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析:例1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。

2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析4

2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析4难句分析：难句1 No clearcut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word ‘amateur’ does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific commUnity and, in Particular, may not fully share its values.［分析］第一个句子的主干是“No... distinction can be drawn between...”，冒号后面的内容是进一步说明前面的观点。

在第二个句子中，一上来就有一个转折词nevertheless，表示语意的转折，其主句是“the word ‘amateur’ does carry a connotation...”，后面有一个同位语从句，里面有两个并列谓语。

［译文］在科学领域内，专业与业余之间没有绝对的区分：任何规则都有其例外。

但是“业余”这个词的确包含这样的意义，那就是所指的那个人没有完全融入某个科学家群体，具体地说，他可能并不完全认同这个群体的价值观。

难句2 The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology /kcnet1480/ in the United Kingdom.［分析］此句中两个分句有同一个主语，即the trend，两个谓语为was obvious和can be illustrated。

2012年考研英语一真题难度分析

2012年考研英语一真题难度分析跨考教育英语教研室2012年的考研英语已经结束了，难也好、易也罢，它终于在众多莘莘学子的期待中揭开了面纱。

现在我们可以静下心来，分析一下本套试卷的特点，以便能够把握考研英语的总体出题脉络。

1.文章难度中等，选项陷阱重重考研的学生都知道，在考研英语中，“得阅读者得天下”，因为它占的比例太大了。

本套试题的阅读理解部分总体来说难度依旧，文章看似容易、选项陷阱重重，要想得高分恐怕不是件易事。

虽然个别文章理解起来难度不大，但选项设计模棱两可，区分度很低，容易使考生上当丢分，所以我们还不能盲目乐观。

尽管如此，专家在历年试题中常用的出题手法在本套试题中依然比比皆是。

2.今年的新题型并没有出乎大家所料，考查的是以前已经考过的备选题型，选择填空题。

七年已经四年考过的7选5，在第八年再次回到7选5，难度适中。

这种题型主要考查考生对文章“统一性”的把握，它既考查全文的统一性。

这类题型最简单的答题方法就是两个字：主题。

全文有全文的主题，段落有段落的主题。

只要循着“主题”这根主线，没有找不到答案的道理。

而主题又离不开名词，所以，只要看清每个空前后作为主题的名词，抓根提串，抓住了主题这个“根”，后面的句子就肯定能够串起来。

3.小作文重考以往题型，建议信写作难度不大从2005年开设小作文题型至今已有8个年头了，分别考的是辞职信、请求信、建议信和道歉信，可能出乎大家预料，今年的小作文考又考了2007年、2009年考过的建议信。

“校园生活”是一个我们非常熟悉的话题。

只要在作文中写出了①自己的看法，那就是“如何适应校园生活”；②给出自己的建议等要点，保证切题；使用了first, second,third等连接词，体现行文逻辑；句子结构不是过于简单，展示自己的语言功底，得到6分以上的成绩还是可以期待的。

另外，我们一再强调，考试之前一定要背下一些信件的开头和结尾套话，如果真的背下来了，这篇小作文肯定能够给你往上拉分。

2012考研英语二真题及答案解析

15.[A]ruined[B]commuted[C]patrolled[D]gained16.[A]paralleled[B]counteracted[C]duplicated[D]contradicted17.[A]neglected[B]avoided[C]emphasized[D]admired18.[A]stages[B]illusions[C]fragments[D]advances19.[A]With[B]To[C]Among[D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary[B]by this means[C]from the outset[D]at that pointSectionⅡReading ComprehensionText1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents,but in recent years it has been particularly scorned.School districts across the country,most recently Los Angeles Unified,are revising their thinking on his educational ritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses,homework may no longer count for more than10%of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework.But the policy is unclear and contradictory.Certainly,no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment.But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives,it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling:teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want.But with homework counting for no more than10%of their grades,students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards.Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework,but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework?It is quite possible that the homework helped.Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students,the policy imposes a flat,across-the-board rule.At the same time,the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework.If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’academic achievement,it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments,not make them count for almost nothing.Conversely,if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board,which is responsible for setting educational policy,looks into the matter and conducts public hearings.It is not too late for L.A.Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph1that nowadays homework_____.[A]is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homeworkB should not be associated with girls'innocenceC cannot explain girls'lack of imaginationD cannot influence girls'lives and interests27.According to Paragraph2,which of the following is true of colours?A Colors are encoded in girls'DNAB Blue used to be regarded as the color for girlsC Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing gendersD White is preferred by babies28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological devotement was much influenced by ________.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph4that department stores were advised________.A focuses on infant wear and older kids'clothesB attach equal importance to different gendersC classify consumers into smaller groupsD create some common shoppers'terms30.It can be concluded that girl's attraction to pink seems to be_____.A clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB fully understood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD well interpreted by psychological expertsText3In2010.a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its panies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by2005some20%of human genes were patented.But in March2010a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable.Executives were violently agitated.The Biotechnology Industry Organisation(BIO),a trade group,assured members that this was just a“preliminary step”in a longer battle.On July29th they were relieved,at least temporarily.A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer.The chief executive of Myriad,a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine,the courts will remain rather busy.The Myriad case itself is probably not over.Critics make three main arguments against gene patents:a gene is a product of nature,so it may not be patented;gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it;and patents'monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's.A growing number seem to st year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests.In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case,arguing that an isolated DNA molecule“is no less a product of nature...than are cotton fibres that have beenseparated from cotton seeds.”Despite the appeals court's decision,big questions remain unanswered.For example,it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it.The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industry advances,however,other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain.firms are now studying how genes interact,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s panies are eager to win patents for‘connecting the dots’,explains Hans Sauer,a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue,brought by the Mayo Clinic,which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term.The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents.Each meeting was packed.31.It can be learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like______A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patentableD.the BIO to issue a warning32.Those who are against gene patents believe that_____A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovationsD.courts should restrict access to genetic tests33.According to Hans Sauer,companies are eager to win patents for_____A.establishing disease correlationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34．By saying“each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that_____A.the Supreme Court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernwyers were keen to attend conventions35.Generally speaking,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is_____A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText4The great recession may be over,but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning.Before it ends,It will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults.And ultimately,it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture,and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster.Many said that unemployment,while extremely painful,had improved them in some ways;they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent;they were more aware of the struggles of others.In limited respects,perhaps the recession will leave society better off.At the very least,it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses,and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part,these benefits seem thin,uncertain,and far off.In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth,the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S.,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive,and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms.Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases,as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession,but it has not shrunk in this one.Indeed,this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides,and decrease opportunities to cross them---especially for young people.The research of Till Von Wachter,the economist in Columbia University,suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed:those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times;it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age,it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society.More difficult,in the moment,is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects,the U.S.was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history,and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results.We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric.But they certainly it,and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying“to find silver linings”（Line1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the government[B]explore reasons for the unemployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believed that economic recession may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to_____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT1.(10points)Universal history,the history of what man has accomplished in this world,is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,”wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle.Well,not any more it is not.Suddenly,Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form.This could be no more than a passing literary craze,but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past:less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain.Today,we want empathy,not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance,the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men.In1337,Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus-On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus(or virtue)of classical heroes.Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top.This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head.In The Prince, the championed cunning,ruthlessness,and boldness,rather than virtue,mercy and justice,as the skills of successful leaders.Over time,the attributes of greatness shifted.The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day,stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory.By contrast,the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers,industrialists and explores."The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help,if patient purpose,resolute working and steadfast integrity,issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character,exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself."His biographies of James Walt,Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle,who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther,Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte.These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate,but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day,Write an email to the customer service center to1)Make a complaint and2)Demand a prompt solutionYou should write about100words on ANSERE SHEET2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use"zhang wei"instead.48、write an essay based on the following table.In your writing you should1)Describe the table,and2)Give your commentsYou should write at least150words(15points)2012年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本文是一篇以人物介绍为中心的说明文。

历年考研《英语》真题长难句解析

Chapter 11、I’d like you to meet the new secretary. 我想让你和新来的秘书见见面。

市场部主管A先生想让Mary Baldwin和新来的秘书Shirley Anderson小姐见见面，希望她们以后在一个部门工作愉快。

A: Hello, Mary, I’d like you to meet the new secretary, Miss Anderson. Have you two met before?Mary: No, I don’t think we have. Nice to meet you! Miss Anderson. Anderson: Glad to meet you! By the way, what’s your last name?Mary: Baldwin, but please call me Mary.Anderson: Hmm. And call me Shirley.A: Mary, Shirley and you will obviously be working in close contact together. Mary: Welcome to our department, Shirley. I hope you’ll like the work here. Anderson: Oh, I’ve been looking forward to working here. I’ll surely like it and need your help.2、I’ve seen him but we haven’t met. 我见过他，但还没正式见过。

Stone先生经营一家大公司，报纸上也经常报道他。

A先生把Beef Hart先生介绍给Stone先生。

A: Mr. Stone, did I introduce you to Mr. Hart?Mr. Stone: No, you didn’t. I’ve seen him but we haven’t met.A: Well, this is Beef Hart. And Mr. Hart, this is Walt Stone.Mr. Stone: Nice to meet you, Mr. Hart.Mr. Hart: Glad to meet you, Mr. Stone.A: Mr. Stone is running a big company.Mr. Hart: Yes, I’ve read a lot about your company from the newspaper.3、Let me introduce you to the head here. 我把你引见给我们这儿的头儿。

2012年考研英语真题答案及解析

前文的呼应关系，可知法官的行为方式对法院的声誉起到负面影响。再根据动宾间的搭配关系，可知选项[B]为正
确答案。
4．[A]challenged 挑战 [B]compromised 妥协
[C]suspected 怀疑 [D]accepted 接受，认为
【答案】D
【考点】动词辨析+上下文语境
【解析】本句句意是：这种行为使法院的裁决被_____公正判决的可能性有所下降。根据第二段首句和本句中的
【答案】D
【考点】动词短语辨析+上下文语境
【解析】本句句意是：至少，法院应该使自己服从_____联邦司法系统的其余部分的行为准则。这里由 that 引导
的定语从句修饰说明前面的行为规范，暗指法院应当遵守适用于其他的联邦司法系统的行为准则。根据语义，可
知 apply to “适用于”符合题意。因此[D]为正确答案。
10．[A]by 通过
[B]as 作为
[C]through 通过
[D]towards 朝
【答案】B
【考点】动词和介词固定搭配
【解析】本句句意思是：宪法的制定者认为法律_____应该具有脱离政治的管辖权。根据句意，此空格需要填入
一个介词与动词 envision 构成搭配，envision…as…“将……想象成……”。选项[B]为正确答案。
16．[A]excludes 排除 [B]questions 质疑 [C]shapes 形成，确立 [D]controls 控制
【答案】C
【考点】词义辨析+上下文语境
【解析】本句句意是：当法院处理社会政策裁决时，它所_____法律必然具有政治性。首先分析该句，可知空白
处添加上一动词可构成一个定语从句，修饰限定“the law”。四个选项中 shape 为“形成，确立”之意。在此语

2012年考研英语经典资料：100句长难句分析

[参考译文]在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源
的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与
另一个私人个体(经济单位)自由签定合同的权利。
5.Atthe sametime thesecomputersrecordwhichhoursare busiest
consumerstobuytheproduct.
[参考译文]另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，
那么这就有可能增加卖
方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更
多的消费者购买产品。
4. In the American economy, the concept of private property
processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers
throughtheuseofcomputers.
[参考译文]不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从
公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者
衬衫的颜色的选择这样的细节都会具有微妙的说服意味，那么广
告就会如此地乏味以至于没有人会关注它。
12. The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades
improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are
examplesofpeople who have measurable results toshowforthere
efforts.

2012研究生考试英语真题及参考答案（解析）

Section I Use of English 1.【答案】B 【解析】从空后的句⼦“他们解放的⼈们”可以看出，空前的句⼦表⽰的应该是参加了第⼆次⼤战的男⼈和⼥⼈。

只有serve有“服兵役”的意思，所以选B。

其他都不符合题意。

2.【答案】B 【解析】空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后⾯的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这⾥应该是说由普通⼈平凡⼈(common man)成长为英雄，所以选B。

3.【答案】A 【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，承担战争带来的负担，应该⽤动词bear或shoulder，所以这⾥选A，bore。

4.【答案】A 【解析】necessities表⽰“⽣活必需品”，空外信息food和shelter(⾷物和住宿)这些就是维持⽣存最起码的条件。

Facilities 是设备设施，commodities商品，properties财产，均不符合题意。

5.【答案】C 【解析】not…but，“不是，⽽是”表转折，不是⾃愿兵，也没有⾼的报酬，⽽是⼀个普通⼈。

所以选C。

6.【答案】D 【解析】这道题主要考查介词的搭配。

根据up______(the best trained, bestequipped, fiercest, most brutal).enemies可以知道是起来反抗敌⼈，所以选D选项against。

7.【答案】C 【解析】GI。

在军事上是Government Issue 的缩略语，所以，GL。

这个符号就是象征着这个全称Government Issue。

选C。

8.【答案】A 【解析】该句意思为，GI。

这个符号出现在给⼠兵分发的所有物品上，hand out “分发，发放”符合题意。

Turn over “移交”，bring back“带回”，pass down“传承，⼀代⼀代传下来”在句意上都说不通。

9.【答案】C 【解析】空所在句⼦的语境为：Joe是个普通名词，⼀个从未爬到社会顶层的⼈的名字。

2012年英语一text4解析

2012年英语一text4解析一、引言在英语学习中，阅读理解一直是学生们最为头疼的部分之一。

而在历年英语考研真题中，Text 4以其独特的命题方式和深度的文章内容，一直备受关注。

本文将针对2012年英语一Text 4进行详细解析，帮助学生们更好地理解文章内容，提高阅读理解能力。

二、文章解析1. 文章结构：本文主要分为三个部分，第一部分为引言，介绍了文章的主题；第二部分为文章主体，详细阐述了文章的主要内容；第三部分为结论，对文章进行了总结和评价。

2. 重点词汇：在文章中，出现了许多重要词汇和短语，如“counterbalance”、“deteriorate”、“upfront”等。

这些词汇和短语的出现，不仅丰富了文章内容，也增加了阅读的难度。

3. 长难句解析：本文中出现了许多长难句，如“the more money one earns, the greater the chance one’s income will deteriorate”、“it is unclear whether employers will see the benefit of investing in training”等。

这些句子结构复杂，需要仔细分析才能理解其含义。

三、题目分析1. 题目分布：本文共有10道题目，其中主旨题、细节题、推理题等各类题型都有涉及。

题目分布较为均匀，难度适中。

2. 典型题目解析：例如，第3题是一道细节题，要求考生根据文章内容判断某人的收入是否会恶化。

考生需要仔细阅读相关段落，找出关键信息点才能得出正确答案。

3. 解题技巧：在解题过程中，考生需要仔细阅读文章，找出关键信息点，并根据题目要求进行选择或匹配。

同时，考生还需要注意题目中的陷阱，如反向干扰等，以免误选。

四、总结通过对2012年英语一Text 4的解析，我们可以看到其独特的命题方式和深度文章内容。

考生在备考过程中，需要注重词汇积累和长难句分析，以提高阅读理解能力。

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