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usc ise国际学生英语语言考试攻略

usc ise国际学生英语语言考试攻略1. 引言1.1 概述在当今全球化的背景下，国际学生越来越多地选择到国外深造，其中美国大学ISE（International Student English）考试成为许多留学生的入学必备条件之一。

本文旨在向准备参加USC ISE考试的国际学生介绍攻略和技巧，帮助他们提高英语语言能力，顺利通过考试。

1.2 文章结构本文将分为五个主要部分进行说明。

首先是引言部分，简要介绍文章的目的和结构。

接着是考试概述，包括背景介绍、考试内容和形式以及考试的重要性。

第三部分是准备阶段，包括熟悉考试结构和要求、制定学习计划以及提高英语听说读写能力的方法。

第四部分将针对ISE考试给出策略和技巧，包括听力、阅读和写作部分的注意事项和技巧。

最后一部分是结论部分，总结攻略有效性及应用场景，并给出未来进行进一步提升的建议。

1.3 目的本文的目的是帮助准备参加USC ISE考试的国际学生了解考试的概况，并提供有效的攻略和技巧，以增强他们在听力、阅读和写作方面的能力。

通过本文的指导，国际学生将能够更好地应对ISE考试，提高自己的英语水平，从而为顺利进入美国大学打下坚实基础。

2. 考试概述2.1 考试背景介绍USC ISE国际学生英语语言考试是为了评估国际学生在英语听说读写方面的能力而设立的。

该考试是由南加州大学（University of Southern California）提供，并且被广泛地用于申请南加州大学ISE项目的国际学生。

参加该考试对于获得ISE项目录取是非常重要的。

2.2 考试内容和形式USC ISE国际学生英语语言考试包含四个主要部分，分别是听力、阅读、写作和口语。

每个部分都会测试考生在相应领域的英语能力。

听力部分包括听录音并回答问题，阅读部分需要理解文章内容并回答相关问题，写作部分要求撰写一篇文章，口语部分需要进行口头表达。

整个考试以英文进行。

2.3 考试重要性参加USC ISE国际学生英语语言考试对于申请南加州大学ISE项目的国际学生来说具有重要意义。

奥リエンタル电机产品使用说明书

I Notes to the UserG This product must be handled by qualified personnel with expert knowl-edge of electrical and mechanical engineering.G Should you require the inspection or repair of internal parts, please contact the Oriental Motor branch or sales office from which you pur-chased the product.G Oriental Motor shall not be liable whatsoever for any patent-related problem arising in connection with the use of any information, circuit,equipment or device described in this document.G Characteristics, specifications and dimensions are subject to change without notice.G This document is protected under the applicable copyright laws. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored, changed, duplicated or transmitted digitally (via printing, copying, microfilming or any other manner) without prior written consent from Oriental Motor.is a trademark of Oriental Motor Co., Ltd.Other product names and company names mentioned in this manual may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective com-panies and are hereby acknowledged. The third-party products men-tioned in this manual are recommended products, and references to their names shall not be construed as any form of performance guar-antee. Oriental Motor is not liable whatsoever for the performance of these third-party products.©Copyright ORIENTAL MOTOR CO., LTD. 2006I Overview of the ProductThe EZT1teaching pendant is used to set and monitor operation data for the controller.This manual serves as a user’s guide for the EZT1teaching pendant.Operating any slider, cylinder or motor requires the creation of operation data via a teaching pendant.For details, see the user manual for the controller to be used in combi-nation with the product, as well as the manual for data setting, and follow the instructions provided in those manuals.I Compliance with the EC DirectivesA CE marking is affixed to the teaching pendant.The installation conditions needed to satisfy the EC directives shall be as described in the user manual for the controller to be used in combi-nation with the product.I Safety PrecautionsFor details, see the user manual for the controller to be used in combi-nation with the product and follow the instructions provided in those man-uals.I Key LayoutHL-0122-3Before Using the ProductReceipt, Storage and Disposal of the ProductThe customer should inspect the exterior of the equipment before accept-ing the product.Check the delivered product by verifying it against the specification on the order sheet. If the product is damaged, please contact the Oriental Motor branch or sales office from which you purchased the product.Packing listG Teaching pendant 1 unitGTeaching pendant user manual 1 copyLeave the product in the packing carton until immediately before instal-lation. If the product is not to be used for an extended period of time,store it in a place that satisfied the following conditions:G A clean place not subject to excessive humidity or salt G A place away from direct sunlightG An ambient temperature of 0°C to +50°C (+32°F to +122°F) (non-freezing)G A relative humidity of 85% or below (noncondensing)G A place not exposed to corrosive gases G A place not subject to continuous vibrationWhen disposing of the product, treat it as industrial waste.Engage a certified waste-disposal service to carry out the disposal.Emergency stop buttonFunction keysSetting keysThe teaching pendant has 22 setting keys and four function keys.The functions assigned to the function keys vary according to the screen.Thank you for purchasing an Oriental Motor product.Always keep the manual where it is readily available.I Function KeysThe functions assigned to the function keys are listed in the fourth line of the display screen (four lines x 17 characters).The function keys are used to change screens, as well as to delete/select data or values displayed.F1F2F4: Used to change the operation mode: Used to change to the screen subordinate to the screen cur-rently displayed, delete data and select setting values other than numerical valuesI Setting KeysESCSHIFTSTARTSTOP: Escape key, used to change to the screen subordinate to the screen currently displayed : Used to start positioning: Used to stop positioning and return-to-home operation: Used to reset entered numerical values such as data number,speed and position, to 0. Used to switch the operating speed to high-speed during remote teaching and manual operation.: Used to move to the next setting item. Used to increase/decrease the number of tens during selecting data number for positioning operation: Used to select setting values other than numerical ed to increase/decrease the number of units when select-ing data number for positioning operation. Used to start man-ual operation: Backspace key, used to remove one digit of a numerical value entered for data number, speed or position : Used to enter the sign of a numerical value: Used to enter numerical values: Used to enter a decimal point when entering a numerical value : Enter key, used to commit a numerical value entered and change to the next screen displayBS0.ENT9toandandThe method for connecting the teaching pendant to a controller shall be as described in the user manual for the controller to be used in combi-nation with the product.I Precautions when Connecting the Teaching PendantIf you want to install the teaching pendant near the controller, you can install a strap (not included) through the strap-attachment hole provided and hang it on a hook or similar object. However, when the machine is to be moved, be sure to remove the teaching pendant.I Emergency Stop ButtonThe emergency stop button has been selected according to the require-ments of EN 954-1, category 1.In order to recover from an emergency stop, first cancel the alarm status of the controller and then turn the emergency stop button clockwise.Before resetting the emergency stop button, be sure that doing so will not jeopardize operator safety.ORIENTAL MOTOR U.S.A. CORP .Technical Support Line Tel:(800)468-3982Available from 7:30 AM to 5:00 PM, P .S.T.E-mail:*****************************ORIENTAL MOTOR (EUROPA) GmbHHeadquarters and Düsseldorf Office Tel:0211-5206700 Fax:0211-52067099Munich Office Tel:08131-59880 Fax:08131-598888Hamburg OfficeTel:040-76910443 Fax:040-76910445ORIENTAL MOTOR (UK) LTD.ORIENTAL MOTOR (FRANCE) SARLTel:01256-347090Fax:01256-347099Tel:01 47 86 97 50Fax:01 47 82 45 16ORIENTAL MOTOR ITALIA s.r.l.TAIWAN ORIENTAL MOTOR CO., LTD.Tel:02-93906346Fax:02-93906348Tel:(02)8228-0707Fax:(02)8228-0708SINGAPORE ORIENTAL MOTOR PTE. LTD.Tel:(6745)7344Fax:(6745)9405ORIENTAL MOTOR (MALAYSIA) SDN. BHD.Tel:(03)79545778Fax:(03)79541528INA ORIENTAL MOTOR CO., LTD.KOREATel:(032)822-2042~3Fax:(032)819-8745ORIENTAL MOTOR CO., LTD.Headquarters Tokyo, Japan Tel:(03)3835-0684Fax:(03)3835-1890Printed on Recycled PaperGPlease contact your nearest ORIENTAL MOTOR office for further information.to。

怎样申请MCT证书成为微软认证

以下是根据⼴⼤学员咨询的怎么申请成为⼀个合格的微软认证获得MCT证书的要求和步骤，任何在微软相关技术和演讲⽅⾯有⼀定能⼒和兴趣的⼈员都有机会成为微软认证(MCT)。

如果您⼀直致⼒于研究或使⽤微软产品和解决⽅案、拥有相当的实际经验并具备良好的表达能⼒和整体形象，您可以按照以下5步完成微软认证(以下简称MCT)的申请。

第1步：获得微软认证专家(MCP)或微软商业解决⽅案(MBS)资格证书根据微软公司全球统⼀标准，在申请成为 MCT 之前，您必须获得下列证书之⼀。

此项标准的⽬的是为了核实 MCT申请者具备经过证实的技术实⼒和教学⼯作能⼒。

⼀旦获得某项微软认证，即表明您已经在与您的证书相关的领域或⼯作岗位中展⽰了您运⽤微软产品和技术开展⼯作的熟练程度。

Microsoft Certified Desktop Support Techniciann (MCDST) Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator (MCSA) on Microsoftn Windows 2000 Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator (MCSA) on Microsoftn Windows Server 2003 Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) onn Microsoft Windows 2000 Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) onn Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Microsoft Certified Application Developern (MCAD) for Microsoft .NET Microsoft Certified Professional Developern (MCPD) Microsoft Certified Solution Developer (MCSD) on Visual Studion 6.0 Microsoft Certified Solution Developer (MCSD) for Microsoft .NETn n Microsoft Certified Database Administrator (MCDBA) on Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP)n Microsoft Officen Specialist (MOS) – pass at least one of the following exams: • Word 2003 Expert • Excel 2003 Expert • PowerPoint 2003 • Access 2003 • Outlook 2003 Microsoft Certifiedn Application Specialist – pass at least one of the following exams: • Exam 70-601: Using Microsoft Office Word 2007 • Exam 70-602: Using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 • Exam 70-603: Using Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007 • Exam 70-604: Using Microsoft Office Outlook 2007 • Exam 70-605: Using Microsoft Office Access 2007 • Exam 70-600: Using Microsoft Windows Vista Microsoft Certifiedn Professional: Exam 70-301, Managing, Organizing, and Delivering IT Projects by Using the Microsoft Solutions Framework Microsoft Certified Businessn Management Solutions Professional – Application for Microsoft Dynamics GP Microsoft Certified Business Management Solutions Professional – Installation & Configuration for Microsoft Dynamics GP Microsoft Certified Businessn Management Solutions Professional – Application for Microsoft Dynamics SL Microsoft Certified Business Management Solutions Professional – Installation & Configuration for Microsoft Dynamics SL Microsoft Certified Businessn Management Solutions Professional – Application for Microsoft Dynamics CRM Microsoft Certified Business Management Solutions Professional – Installation & Configuration for Microsoft Dynamics CRM Microsoft Certifiedn Business Management Solutions Professional – Developer for Microsoft Dynamics CRM Microsoft Certified Business Management Solutions Professional –n Application for Microsoft Dynamics NAV Microsoft Certified Businessn Management Solutions Professional – Installation & Configuration for Microsoft Dynamics NAV Microsoft Certified Business Management Solutionsn Professional – Developer for Microsoft Dynamics NAV Microsoft Certifiedn Business Management Solutions Professional – Application for Microsoft Dynamics AX Microsoft Certified Business Management Solutions Professional –n Installation & Configuration for Microsoft Dynamics AX Microsoftn Certified Business Management Solutions Professional—Developer for Microsoft Dynamics AX Microsoft Retail Management System MCT Designationn。

计算器使用说明说明书

Candidates may use any calculator allowed by the regulations of theJoint Council for Qualifications. Calculators must not have the facilityfor symbolic algebra manipulation, differentiation and integration, orhave retrievable mathematical formulae stored in them.Instructions• Use black ink or ball-point pen.•I f pencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).Coloured pencils and highlighter pens must not be used.•Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,centre number and candidate number.•A nswer all questions and ensure that your answers to parts of questions areclearly labelled.•A nswer the questions in the spaces provided– there may be more space than you need.•Y ou should show sufficient working to make your methods clear. Answerswithout working may not gain full credit.•V alues from the statistical tables should be quoted in full. When a calculator is used, the answer should be given to an appropriate degree of accuracy.Information•The total mark for this paper is 75.•T he marks for each question are shown in brackets– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.Advice•Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.•Try to answer every question.•Check your answers if you have time at the end.P54945A©2018 Pearson Education Ltd.1/1/1/*P54945A0128*Turn over Pearson EdexcelInternationalAdvanced LevelCentre Number Candidate NumberTotal Marks You must have: Scientific calculatorMathematical Formulae and Statistical Tables (Blue)Statistics S2Advanced/Advanced SubsidiaryMorning (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes)Paper Reference WST02/01Wednesday 31 October 2018Candidate surnamePlease check the examination details below before entering your candidate informationOther names2*P54945A0228*DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA3Turn over*P54945A0328*DONOTWRITEINTHISAREADONOTWRITEINTHISAREADONOTWRITEINTHISAREA4*P54945A0428*DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA5Turn over*P54945A0528*DONOTWRITEINTHISAREADONOTWRITEINTHISAREADONOTWRITEINTHISAREA6*P54945A0628*DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA7Turn over*P54945A0728*DONOTWRITEINTHISAREADONOTWRITEINTHISAREADONOTWRITEINTHISAREA8*P54945A0828*DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA9Turn over*P54945A0928*DONOTWRITEINTHISAREADONOTWRITEINTHISAREADONOTWRITEINTHISAREA10*P54945A01028*DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREAD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E ADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREAD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E ADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREAD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E ADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREAD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E ADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREAD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E ADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREAD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E ADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREAD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E ADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREAD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E ADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREAD O N O T W R I TE I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E A D O N O T W R I T E I N T H I S A R E ADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA。

Pearson Computer Delivered Testing Test Administra

1. IntroductionPearson’s Computer Delivered Test (CDT) program, using patented Ordinate® speech processing technology, enables test administrators to deliver Versant language tests on a test center computer and upload completed tests for scoring.This Guide is written for administrators of CDT. It explains how to:•Configure Testing Center Computers•Download Tests•Take a TestThis Guide assumes that you have successfully installed the CDT program on each of the computers on which you intend to administer tests. If you have not completed the installation process, please consult the CDT Installation Guide which can be downloaded on Pearson’s website:https:///english/versant/cdt.html2. Configuring Testing Center ComputersBefore administrating a test, prepare the computer for test delivery. Preparation involves three steps:•Verify screen resolution settings•Verify that the microphone is working and that the volume is properly set•Verify bandwidth of your Internet connection for your expected testing volume2.1 Verify screen resolution settings1.Open the Control Panel.2.In the Control Panel, click Display.3.Click the Settings tab.4.Check the screen resolution setting in the Screen Area. It should be at least 1024 x 768.5.Move the slider to adjust the settings to the required minimum if needed.2.2 Verify microphone volume levelMicrophone volume level for Windows XP, 7, 8 and 10 is adjusted automatically by the CDT Client. For Windows Vista it is required that microphone volume level is adjusted by following these steps:1.In the Start Menu, locate the search box, type Speech Recognition Options and press Enter.2.In the Speech Recognition Options Window click on Set up microphone.3.Follow the instructions provided and click Next.4.Read the full sentence that appears on the screen into the microphone, then click Next.5.Click Finish, to complete your microphone calibration.2.3 Verify bandwidth for expected testing volumeThe CDT program operates by downloading a test to the local machine and then uploading theresponses once the test is complete for scoring. This requires network access to an Internet connection of sufficient bandwidth to accommodate the volume of concurrent testing that you plan to conduct inyour test center. (Note: In addition to a real-time mode, CDT also supports an option that allows you to pre-load tests, complete the tests offline, and then reconnect later to upload results for scoring). To ensure your test center has adequate Internet bandwidth, please consult the document “Network and Bandwidth Requirements.”3. Downloading TestsAfter the CDT software has been installed and each computer has been configured, testing can proceed. For test takers to be able to take a test, a Test Identification Number (TIN) must be entered for each test to download the appropriate test materials. There are 2 administrative options for downloading TINs:1. Pre-loading TINs before scheduled testing: As the test administrator, you can pre-load thecomputer with tests before your scheduled testing. We recommend this method if:a.You have any concerns about the speed or performance of your Internet connection.‡b.You plan to conduct testing on multiple computers at the same time.‡c.You need to conduct testing on a computer that cannot be connected to the Internetduring the test (for example, if you conduct testing with a laptop in a remote location).2. On-demand downloading of TINs: If you can stay connected to the Internet and have enoughbandwidth for the volume of testing you plan to do‡, you may also provide TINs to the testtakers and instruct them to enter the TIN as the first step of their test. The test materials willdownload then, on-demand. This download will need to complete before the test taker canbegin the test.‡ To verify that you have enough bandwidth for the volume of testing that you plan to do, please consult the document titled “Network and Bandwidth Requirements.”Note that he same TINs cannot be downloaded to multiple computers. If a batch or TIN was mistakenly downloaded to the incorrect computer, please contact Pearson Support (+1 650-470-3503 or*********************) to release the TIN(s) from the computer.3.1 Getting Started1.Ensure the computer is connected to the Internet.2.Start CDT by double-clicking the CDT Client icon on the desktop.3.Go to Menu located on the top right of the screen.4.Click on Administration.5.Enter your ScoreKeeper Username and Password to enter the Administrator’s configurationpreferences and click Enter. If you do not have a ScoreKeeper Username and Password,contact your Account Manager.3.2 Pre-loading TINs Before Scheduled TestingTests can be pre-loaded by batch, or by Test Identification Numbers (TINs).1.In the Administrator menu, click Download Tests.2.To download an entire batch of testsa.Click the Batch Key tab.b.Enter the alpha-numeric batch key into the space provided (Note: the batch key can befound by going to the batch in your ScoreKeeper account and clicking the TestMaterials link).c.Click Enter. CDT will then download all of the unused TINs in that batch.3.To download individual Test Identification Numbers (TINs) from multiple batchesa.Click the TIN(s) tab.b.Enter each TIN or a comma-separated list of TINs.c.Click Enter.3.3 On-Demand Downloading of TINsTo download tests on-demand, you may also provide TINs to the test takers and instruct them to enter the TIN as the first step of their test.1.Start CDT, enter the TIN in the space provided and click Enter.2.The TIN will then begin to download. The download progress will be displayed. Do not exit CDTwhile the TIN is downloading.3.Once the TIN is fully downloaded, CDT will display the headset (and for speaking test,microphone) check.3.4 View TestsOnce you have downloaded tests to the computer, you can view all the unused tests that are available for use on this computer.1.In the Administrator menu, click View Tests.2.Verify the total number of tests available match your records.3.Click Refresh TIN List to check the availability of the local test inventory against yourScoreKeeper account.4. Taking a TestTo begin a test, the administrator or test taker must enter a valid Test Identification Number (TIN) into the Welcome screen of the CDT Client.1.Start CDT and go to Home page.2.Give the test taker a TIN.3.The test taker enters the TIN in the space provided and clicks Enter to start the test.If the TIN has been pre-loaded, then the test will begin immediately, starting with an audio check. If not, then the TIN will be downloaded before the test can begin.4.1 Audio Volume and Microphone CheckAt the beginning of each test, test takers will go through an audio volume check. For speaking tests, test takers will also go through a microphone volume check.1.The test taker is instructed to put on their headset (for speaking tests) or headphones (forwriting tests) as shown on the screen.2.Click Next to proceed.3.The test taker listens to a passage and is instructed to move the slider to change the volume.Note: Test takers can also change the volume during the test in the upper right corner of thescreen.4.Click Next to proceed.5.For speaking tests, test takers are asked to read a sentence into their microphone to verify thatit is working correctly.6.If CDT cannot verify that the microphone is working correctly, an error message will appear.Follow the instructions to complete the microphone check. Is important to verify that themicrophone is working properly. If the microphone is unable to properly record the test taker’s responses, then that test’s score may be affected. If error messages persist, exit CDT and check the microphone volume and functioning using your computer’s audio and microphone controls (see Section 2.2).7.Once the calibration checks are complete, the test will begin.4.2 Completing the TestWhen the test taker is finished, the application will prompt the test taker to click Finish. If the computer is connected to the Internet with the test taker clicks Finish, then the test responses will be automatically uploaded to the Versant system for scoring. Note: if the test taker exits CDT before clicking Finish, then the test will not be completed and sent for scoring.If the Internet connection was disabled during testing, administrators must reconnect to the Internet and launch the CDT Client for the response files to be automatically submitted for scoring. Keep CDT open until all responses have been uploaded. You can check the status of completed tests by doing the following:1.Go to Menu located on the top right of the screen.2.Click on Administration.3.Enter your ScoreKeeper Username and Password to access the Administrator’s configurationpreferences and click Enter. If you do not have a ScoreKeeper Username and Password,contact your Account Manager.4.In the View Tests section, click Refresh TIN List.5.Look at the “Sessions” information. If there are tests that still need to upload for scoring, theywill be listed here. If you see “No local sessions/response,” then all completed tests have been uploaded and you can exit CDT.4.3 Checking ScoresTest scores are available within minutes after the voice files are successfully submitted to the Versant system. To view scores, go to https:///english/versant/score.html or log into your ScoreKeeper account.5. TroubleshootingThis section contains suggestions for troubleshooting problems. If you encounter any problem that cannot be resolved, contact our Technical Support team at ********************* or +1 650-470-3503.5.1 Microphone ErrorsMicrophone volume levels for Windows XP, 7, 8 and 10 users will automatically adjust in the CDT Client. For Windows Vista users, follow the steps in Section 2.2 to verify the microphone volume level. If the volume levels have been verified but error messages are still occurring, it could be for one of the following reasons:1.The microphone has not been positioned correctly as shown on the computer screen.2.The microphone may not be compatible or working properly with the computer. Exit the CDTClient, and go to the Control Panel. Select Sound and Audio Devices and then click on theVoice tab. Next, click on the Test Hardware button and follow the steps on the screen to make sure the microphone is working properly.5.2 Downloading TestsIf you are experiencing difficulties downloading tests, it could be for one of the following reasons:1.The Batch Key may not be valid. The Batch Key is a 12 character alpha-numeric code that isunique to each batch. The Batch Key can be found in your ScoreKeeper account List Batches >> Test Materials for each batch.2.The Batch has no available tests. If the batch is already downloaded into your computer it isrecommended to Refresh the TIN list before starting using those TINs (see Section 3.3), toensure the most up to date list of unused TINs are displayed. Only unused TINs will bedownloaded to the computer.3.The TIN(s) or Batch cannot be located. The TIN(s) or entire batch may have already been used. Loginto your ScoreKeeper account and go to List Batches >> View Scores and select Click here to see a list of all tests in this batch to ensure the TIN(s) or batch are unused.5.3 Scoring DelaysTest scores are typically available in ScoreKeeper within minutes of completing a test and uploading the responses to the Versant Testing System. If scores are not available within 15 minutes, it could be for one of the following reasons:1.Your internet connection may have been interrupted. Exit the CDT Client, re-connect to theInternet, and open the CDT Client. Tests will be automatically uploaded to the Versant testing system and the scores will become available shortly.2.The Versant testing system may be experiencing a brief outage. Check with your Account Managerto see if there is any scheduled maintenance downtime and when the system will becomeavailable. Once the outage is complete, tests that were administered during the outage window will be scored on a first-come, first-served basis to the best of our scoring capacity.。

laicpms的的操作流程

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基于聚类分析的电商平台精准营销方法研究

I G I T C W经验交流Experience Exchange188DIGITCW2023.10随着移动互联网技术的发展，电商平台已经成为人们购物的主要渠道之一。

然而，电商平台竞争激烈，如何吸引用户、提高用户留存率和购买率成为电商平台运营者需要解决的问题[1]。

精准营销是当前电商平台营销的热点之一，其核心在于根据用户数据进行个性化推荐和优惠券奖励，以提高用户忠诚度和消费频次[2]。

而聚类分析作为一种常用的数据挖掘方法，能够将大量的非结构化数据转换成有机可视的群体模式，因此也被广泛应用于电商平台的精准营销中。

本文旨在探讨如何基于聚类分析实现电商平台的精准营销，并进一步研究该方法在使用与维护方面的问题。

1 聚类分析概述聚类分析是数据挖掘领域中的经典算法之一，主要用于将相似的对象归为同一组或类别。

其核心思想是通过计算不同数据点之间的距离，将其按照相似度进行分类。

不同的聚类方法存在着各自的特点和应用场景。

在聚合聚类中，每个数据点最初都作为一个单独的簇，然后通过不断合并最接近的两个簇来生成更大的簇。

在分裂聚类中，则是从整个数据集开始，逐步将其分成较小的子集，直到每个数据点都被划分为一个单独的簇。

聚类分析在实际生活中被广泛使用[1]。

例如，在市场营销领域中，它可以帮助企业在海量消费者中找到目标客户，并制定有针对性的推销策略；在社交网络中，它可以将兴趣相似的用户分为一组，使得精准营销和产品推荐更加有效。

此外，在医学、生物学、工程学等领域中也有广泛的应用。

基于聚类分析的电商平台精准营销方法研究邱紫韵（闽南理工学院，福建石狮 362700）摘要：随着互联网的迅速发展，电商平台已成为人们日常生活中重要的购物渠道之一。

为了提高电商平台的营销效果，文章基于聚类分析算法，研究了电商平台精准营销方法，并探讨了该方法在电商平台的使用与维护方面的问题。

通过对用户数据进行分析和处理，建立用户画像模型，实现了电商平台的个性化推荐和优惠券奖励。

careless R 包用户指南说明书

Package‘careless’October1,2023Type PackageTitle Procedures for Computing Indices of Careless RespondingVersion1.2.2Date2023-09-30Maintainer Richard Yentes<*****************>Description When taking online surveys,participants sometimes respond to items without regard to their content.These types of responses,referred to ascareless or insufﬁcient effort responding,constitute signiﬁcant problemsfor data quality,leading to distortions in data analysis and hypothesistesting,such as spurious correlations.The'R'package'careless'providessolutions designed to detect such careless/insufﬁcient effort responsesby allowing easy calculation of indices proposed in the literature.Itcurrently supports the calculation of longstring,even-odd consistency,psychometric synonyms/antonyms,Mahalanobis distance,and intra-individualresponse variability(also termed inter-item standard deviation).For a review of these methods,see Curran(2016)<doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2015.07.006>. License MIT+ﬁle LICENSEURL https:///ryentes/careless/BugReports https:///ryentes/careless/issuesImports psychSuggests testthat(>=3.0.0),knitr,rmarkdownEncoding UTF-8LazyData trueVignetteBuilder knitrRoxygenNote7.2.3Conﬁg/testthat/edition3NeedsCompilation noAuthor Richard Yentes[cre,aut](<https:///0000-0002-6767-8065>), Francisco Wilhelm[aut]Repository CRANDate/Publication2023-10-0105:20:02UTC12careless R topics documented:careless (2)careless_dataset (3)careless_dataset2 (4)evenodd (4)irv (5)longstring (6)mahad (7)psychant (8)psychsyn (8)psychsyn_critval (10)Index11 careless careless:A package providing procedures for computing indices ofcareless respondingDescriptionCareless or insufﬁcient effort responding in surveys,i.e.responding to items without regard to their content,is a common occurence in surveys.These types of responses constitute signiﬁcant prob-lems for data quality leading to distortions in data analysis and hypothesis testing,such as spurious correlations.The R package careless provides solutions designed to detect such careless/insufﬁ-cient effort responses by allowing easy calculation of indices proposed in the literature.It currently supports the calculation of Longstring,Even-Odd Consistency,Psychometric Synonyms/Antonyms, Mahalanobis Distance,and Intra-individual Response Variability(also termed Inter-item Standard Deviation).Statistical outlier function•mahad computes Mahalanobis Distance,which gives the distance of a data point relative to the center of a multivariate distribution.Consistency indices•evenodd computes the Even-Odd Consistency Index.It divides unidimensional scales using an even-odd split;two scores,one for the even and one for the odd subscale,are then computed as the average response across subscale items.Finally,a within-person correlation is computed based on the two sets of subscale scores for each scale.•psychsyn computes the Psychometric Synonyms Index,or,alternatively,the Psychometric Antonyms Index.Psychometrical synonyms are item pairs which are correlated highly posi-tively,whereas psychometric antonyms are item pairs which are correlated highly negatively.A within-person correlation is then computed based on these item pairs.•psychant is a convenience wrapper for psychsyn that computes psychological antonyms.•psychsyn_critval is a helper designed to set an adequate critical value(i.e.magnitude of correlation)for the psychometric synonyms/antonyms index.careless_dataset3 Response pattern functions•longstring computes the longest(and optionally,average)length of consecutive identical responses given.•irv computes the Intra-individual Response Variability(IRV),the"standard deviation of re-sponses across a set of consecutive item responses for an individual"(Dunn et al.2018) Datasets•careless_dataset,a simulated dataset with200observations and10subscales of5items each.•careless_dataset2,a simulated dataset with1000observations and10subscales of10items each.The sample datasets differ in the types of careless responding simulated.Author(s)Richard Yentes<*****************>,Francisco Wilhelm<**************************> careless_dataset Simulated dataset with insufﬁcient effort responses.DescriptionA simulated dataset mimicking insufﬁcient effort responding.Contains three types of responses:(a)Normal responses with answers centering around a trait/attitude value(80percent probabilityper simulated observation),(b)Straightlining responses(10percent probability per simulated ob-servation),(c)Random responses(10percent probability per simulated observation).Simulated are 10subscales of5items each(=50variables).Usagecareless_datasetFormatA data frame with200observations(rows)and50variables(columns).4evenodd careless_dataset2Simulated dataset with careless responses.DescriptionA simulated dataset mimicking insufﬁcient effort responding.Contains three types of responses:(a)Normal responses with answers mimicking a diligent respondent(b)Some number of longstringcareless responders,(c)some number of generally careless responders.Simulated are10subscales of10items each(=100variables).Usagecareless_dataset2FormatA data frame with1000observations(rows)and100variables(columns).evenodd Calculates the even-odd consistency scoreDescriptionTakes a matrix of item responses and a vector of integers representing the length each factor.The even-odd consistency score is then computed as the within-person correlation between the even and odd subscales over all the factors.Usageevenodd(x,factors,diag=FALSE)Argumentsx a matrix of data(e.g.survey responses)factors a vector of integers specifying the length of each factor in the datasetdiag optionally returns a column with the number of available(i.e.,non-missing) even/odd pairs per eful for datasets with many missing values. Author(s)Richard Yentes<*****************>,Francisco Wilhelm<**************************> ReferencesJohnson,J.A.(2005).Ascertaining the validity of individual protocols from web-based personality inventories.Journal of Research in Personality,39,103-129.doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2004.09.009irv5 Examplescareless_eo<-evenodd(careless_dataset,rep(5,10))careless_eodiag<-evenodd(careless_dataset,rep(5,10),diag=TRUE)irv Calculates the intra-individual response variability(IRV)DescriptionThe IRV is the"standard deviation of responses across a set of consecutive item responses for an individual"(Dunn,Heggestad,Shanock,&Theilgard,2018,p.108).By default,the IRV is calculated across all columns of the input data.Additionally it can be applied to different subsets of the data.This can detect degraded response quality which occurs only in a certain section of the questionnaire(usually the end).Whereas Dunn et al.(2018)propose to mark persons with low IRV scores as outliers-reﬂecting straightlining responses,Marjanovic et al.(2015)propose to mark persons with high IRV scores-reﬂecting highly random responses(see References).Usageirv(x,na.rm=TRUE,split=FALSE,num.split=3)Argumentsx a matrix of data(e.g.survey responses)na.rm logical indicating whether to calculate the IRV for a person with missing values.split logical indicating whether to additionally calculate the IRV on subsets of columns (of equal length).num.split the number of subsets the data is to be split in.Author(s)Francisco Wilhelm<**************************>ReferencesDunn,A.M.,Heggestad,E.D.,Shanock,L.R.,&Theilgard,N.(2018).Intra-individual Response Variability as an Indicator of Insufﬁcient Effort Responding:Comparison to Other Indicators and Relationships with Individual Differences.Journal of Business and Psychology,33(1),105-121.doi:10.1007/s1086901694790Marjanovic,Z.,Holden,R.,Struthers,W.,Cribbie,R.,&Greenglass,E.(2015).The inter-item standard deviation(ISD):An index that discriminates between conscientious and random respon-ders.Personality and Individual Differences,84,79-83.doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.08.0216longstringExamples#calculate the irv over all itemsirv_total<-irv(careless_dataset)#calculate the irv over all items+calculate the irv for each quarter of the questionnaire irv_split<-irv(careless_dataset,split=TRUE,num.split=4)boxplot(irv_split$irv4)#produce a boxplot of the IRV for the fourth quarterlongstring Identiﬁes the longest string of identical consecutive responses for eachobservationDescriptionTakes a matrix of item responses and,beginning with the second column(i.e.,second item)com-pares each column with the previous one to check for matching responses.For each observation, the length of the maximum uninterrupted string of identical responses is returned.Additionally,can return the average length of uninterrupted string of identical responses.Usagelongstring(x,avg=FALSE)Argumentsx a matrix of data(e.g.item responses)avg logical indicating whether to additionally return the average length of identical consecutive responsesAuthor(s)Richard Yentes<*****************>,Francisco Wilhelm<**************************>ReferencesJohnson,J.A.(2005).Ascertaining the validity of individual protocols from web-based personality inventories.Journal of Research in Personality,39,103-129.doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2004.09.009 Examplescareless_long<-longstring(careless_dataset,avg=FALSE)careless_avg<-longstring(careless_dataset,avg=TRUE)boxplot(careless_avg$longstr)#produce a boxplot of the longstring indexboxplot(careless_avg$avgstr)mahad7 mahad Find and graph Mahalanobis Distance(D)andﬂag potential outliers.DescriptionTakes a matrix of item responses and computes Mahalanobis D.Can additionally return a vector of binary outlierﬂags.Mahalanobis distance is calculated using the function psych::outlier of the psych package,an implementation which supports missing values.Usagemahad(x,plot=TRUE,flag=FALSE,confidence=0.99,na.rm=TRUE)Argumentsx a matrix of dataplot Plot the resulting QQ graphflag Flag potential outliers using the conﬁdence level speciﬁed in parameter confidence confidence The desired conﬁdence level of the resultna.rm Should missing data be deletedAuthor(s)Richard Yentes<*****************>,Francisco Wilhelm<**************************>ReferencesMeade,A.W.,&Craig,S.B.(2012).Identifying careless responses in survey data.Psychological Methods,17(3),437-455.doi:10.1037/a0028085See Alsopsych::outlier on which this function is based.Examplesmahad_raw<-mahad(careless_dataset)#only the distances themselvesmahad_flags<-mahad(careless_dataset,flag=TRUE)#additionally flag outliersmahad_flags<-mahad(careless_dataset,flag=TRUE,confidence=0.999)#Apply a strict criterionpsychant Computes the psychometric antonym scoreDescriptionA convenient wrapper that calls psychsyn with argument anto=TRUE to compute the psychometricantonym score.Usagepsychant(x,critval=-0.6,diag=FALSE)Argumentsx is a matrix of item responsescritval is the minimum magnitude of the correlation between two items in order for them to be considered psychometric synonyms.Defaults to-.60 diag additionally return the number of item pairs available for each eful if dataset contains many missing values.Author(s)Richard Yentes<*****************>,Francisco Wilhelm<**************************>See Alsopsychsyn for the main function,psychsyn_critval for a helper that allows to set an adequate critical value for the size of the correlation.Examplesantonyms<-psychant(careless_dataset2,.50)antonyms<-psychant(careless_dataset2,.50,diag=TRUE)psychsyn Computes the psychometric synonym/antonym scoreDescriptionTakes a matrix of item responses and identiﬁes item pairs that are highly correlated within the overall dataset.What deﬁnes"highly correlated"is set by the critical value(e.g.,r>.60).Each respondents’psychometric synonym score is then computed as the within-person correlation be-tween the identiﬁed item-pairs.Alternatively computes the psychometric antonym score which is a variant that uses item pairs that are highly negatively correlated.Usagepsychsyn(x,critval=0.6,anto=FALSE,diag=FALSE,resample_na=TRUE)Argumentsx is a matrix of item responsescritval is the minimum magnitude of the correlation between two items in order for them to be considered psychometric synonyms.Defaults to.60 anto determines whether psychometric antonyms are returned instead of psychomet-ric synonyms.Defaults to FALSEdiag additionally return the number of item pairs available for each e-ful if dataset contains many missing values.resample_na if psychsyn returns NA for a respondent resample to attempt getting a non-NA result.Author(s)Richard Yentes<*****************>,Francisco Wilhelm<**************************>ReferencesMeade,A.W.,&Craig,S.B.(2012).Identifying careless responses in survey data.Psychological Methods,17(3),437-455.doi:10.1037/a0028085See Alsopsychant for a more concise way to calculate the psychometric antonym score,psychsyn_critval for a helper that allows to set an adequate critical value for the size of the correlation.Examplessynonyms<-psychsyn(careless_dataset,.60)antonyms<-psychsyn(careless_dataset2,.50,anto=TRUE)antonyms<-psychant(careless_dataset2,.50)#with diagnosticssynonyms<-psychsyn(careless_dataset,.60,diag=TRUE)antonyms<-psychant(careless_dataset2,.50,diag=TRUE)10psychsyn_critval psychsyn_critval Compute the correlations between all possible item pairs and orderthem by the magnitude of the correlationDescriptionA function intended to helpﬁnding adequate critical values for psychsyn and psychant.Takes amatrix of item responses and returns a data frame giving the correlations of all item pairs ordered by the magnitude of the correlation.Usagepsychsyn_critval(x,anto=FALSE)Argumentsx a matrix of item responses.anto ordered by the largest positive correlation,or,if anto=TRUE,the largest nega-tive correlation.Author(s)Francisco Wilhelm<**************************>See Alsoafter determining an adequate critical value,continue with psychsyn and/or psychantExamplespsychsyn_cor<-psychsyn_critval(careless_dataset)psychsyn_cor<-psychsyn_critval(careless_dataset,anto=TRUE)Index∗datasetscareless_dataset,3careless_dataset2,4careless,2careless_dataset,3,3careless_dataset2,3,4evenodd,2,4irv,3,5longstring,3,6mahad,2,7psychant,2,8,9,10psychsyn,2,8,8,10psychsyn_critval,2,8,9,1011。

Visual Studio 2010 测试管理解决方案

ӄMicrosoft Testing SolutionMicrosoft Testing Solution 微软测试解决方案Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 带来了全新的软件测试解决方案，并使其整合在整个应用生命周期管理体系(ALM)之中。

作为应用生命周期最重要的环节，软件质量保证历来是软件企业最迫切期望得到改善和提高的部分。

微软测试解决方案包括快速进行有关测试的实际与开发、测试用例管理，与Visual Studio Team Foundation Server 集成的测试计划，以确保所有变更和迭代都被正确的测试和覆盖。

这些功能贯穿于整个测试周期：测试计划、测试执行、进度跟踪和结果分析。

Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 测试工具集可以用于创建测试计划、管理测试用例、运行测试用例、管理和分析测试结果，以及与微软新一代开发测试云集成等特性。

微软测试解决方案真正做到了和开发团队的有效协作，是目前最流行的敏捷方法 Agile/Scrum 的最佳实践。

Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 测试框架Microsoft T est Manager 微软测试管理解决方案微软测试管理框架Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 测试管理包含架构设计、项目模板、测试管理、项目门户等；对于MS Project 、SharePoint 、Hyper-v 虚拟化平台及云计算平台进行了全面的集成。

可以大幅提升软件质量,集成的测试工具集提供了完整的”计划-测试-跟踪” 工作流。

使用丰富的诊断工具为开发人员归档大量bug 。

充分利用以人物为导向的用户界面和手动测试快进等功能, 可以获得所有团队角色之间的上下文协作, 大大增加了对整个项目的可视性, 同时提供了对用户需求的完整可跟踪性、进度报告和实施质量度量。

有助于您做出明智、及时的决策, 并降低与软件发布相关的风险。

Microsoft Learning Solutions 卷式许可客户指南说明书

Microsoft Volume LicensingAdministrator GuideHow to Activate and Launch Microsoft Learning SolutionsThe Microsoft Learning Solutions Administrator Guide is your reference for activating and launching Microsoft E-Learning and MCP Exam Vouchers within your organization. The guide also includes frequently asked questions and support for administrators. We invite you to refer to this guide as needed to enjoy all the benefits of Microsoft Learning Solutions Online Service.—The Microsoft Learning TeamAccessing Microsoft Learning SolutionsE-LearningGetting started with access to Microsoft Learning Solutions-E-LearningStep 1 - To get started with service activation, please visit the Volume Licensing Service Center (VLSC) website at https:///licensing/servicecenter/. Once you are on the VLSC home page, click the Sign In button in the upper right hand corner or in the ‘Sign In’ box on the page.Step 2 & 3 - On the sign in page, enter your Windows Live ID email address and password and click the Sign In button. NOTE: If you have not been provided access to the VLSC website or have not registered on the VLSC website previously, you can find resources on ‘How to Register’, ‘Requesting and Approving User Permissions’, and much more here: /licensing/existing-customers/manage-my-agreements.aspxStep 4– After a successful sign in, you arrive on the VLSC home page. To view and manage your Microsoft Learning Solutions, click on the Online Services tab.Step 5– Click on the link to your Online Services Agreement ListStep 6 – Select the agreement number that was used to purchase your Microsoft Learning SolutionsStep 6Click on the Agreement number toaccess the Online Services summaryscreenStep 7 – Click on the service name to activate your Microsoft Learning Solutions - E-LearningNot all Microsoft Learning Solutions require activation. The Microsoft Learning Solutions that require activation are:∙ Technical E-Learning Library ∙Desktop E-Learning LibraryFor all other Microsoft Learning Solutions online services, an email will be sent to the individual that purchased the Microsoft Learning Solutions online services or the individual agreed upon with your Microsoft Account Manager.Step 7Click on the Microsoft Learning Solutions online service you wish to activate.NOTE: Available Microsoft Learning Solutions offers include the following:∙Technical E-Learning Library ∙Desktop E-Learning Library ∙MCP Exam Vouchers ∙E-Reference IT Professional Library ∙E-Reference Developer Library ∙E-Reference Desktop Library ∙E-Reference Combination LibraryStep 8 – Choose a subscription contact personOnce you have selected a Microsoft Learning Solutions online service, you must enter a Subscription Contact name. The Subscription Contact will receive an email with details on how to administer the Microsoft Learning Solutions online service.NOTE Contact to have access to e-learning reports in the Business Administration Center (BAC) – https:// , you must provide access to VLSC. To find out how to provide access to VLSC, please reference one or more of the following resources:∙ Demo: /licensing/existing-customers/media/VLSC-Requesting-and-Approving-User-Permissions.aspx∙ VLSC User Guide (download) - /downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=d75e4c02-e38c-4a22-b7f7-69f9706c5240&displayLang=enFor each Microsoft Learning Solutions online service you wish to activate, you must enter a Subscription Contact. This Subscription Contact will receive an email to administer the service, but will not receive access to VLSC.Step 9 – Enter Domain Name(s)In order for your employees to utilize the Microsoft Learning Solutions E-Learning Library online services, you must first enter the appropriate domain name(s) for your organization. This is a critical step because if all the domains are not listed, the users on those domains will not be able to complete the authentication process.Note: Be sure to include any sub-domains that your employees may use. For example, you *********************************,@, etc.Note: You can also remove domains if they are no longer used.Step 1 – Enter the domain name(s) for your organization. This will be used to validate only employees from your organization can access e-learning.Step 2 – Click AddMicrosoft Learning SolutionsAdministrator GuideStep 10 - Service Activation EmailThe Service Activation Email is sent to the Subscription Contact and includes the Program Code (also known as the Access Code) that your employees will use to activate the online service.Microsoft Learning SolutionsAdministrator GuideMicrosoft Learning Solutions MCP Exam VouchersEach MCP Exam Voucher allows an individual to register for one MCP exam. The exam must be taken prior to the expiration date on the voucher. The expiration date on the voucher is determined by the Online Services purchase type and date of purchase. For more details on online services purchases, please contact your Microsoft Partner or Microsoft Account Manager.After your order has been placed, the identified purchase contact will receive an email similar to the following:Ready – Set – Learn!Your Microsoft Learning Solutions Access Codes are ready to activate.<Contact Name><Company Name>Agreement # <Agreement Number>Thank you for your recent order of Microsoft Learning Solutions Certification Exam Vouchers. We are nowproviding you with those access codes as well as step-by-step instructions for distribution to users in yourorganization.In order to maximize your use of this valuable learning resource, please note that the subscription end date for your Certification Exam Voucher codes is <insert Last License Coverage End Date>. Any codes not redeemed prior to your subscription end date will expire.For your convenience, you will find instructions to forward to end-users within your organization.Voucher Redemption IssuesIf you encounter any problems during registration, please first contact Prometric at the appropriate contact center:o Prometric -/ContactUs/TestTakers/default.htmIfyoustillhaveissuesinregisteringforyourexamwiththevoucher,*********************************with the following information:o Voucher numbero Date You are Trying to Register to Take an Examo Exam Number you are Trying to register foro Country in Which You are Trying to Register to Take the Examo Someone will get back to you in 7-10 days.Sincerely,Microsoft LearningPlease see attached document with access codes.Also, please see instructions below regarding delivery of access codes to your end users/employees.Redeem your Certification Exam VoucherYOU ARE REQUIRED TO USE THE ATTACHED EMAIL TEMPLATE OR TO COPY AND PASTE THE INFORMATION BELOW IN ITS ENTIRETY, TO SEND THE VOUCHER CODES TO YOUR EMPLOYEES. THE EMAIL TEMPLATE / TEXT BELOW CONTAINS CRITICAL PROGRAM INFORMATION THAT MUST BE PROVIDED TO EACH EMPLOYEE TO WHOM YOU PROVIDE A VOUCHER. PLEASE FILL IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND SEND IT TO YOUR EMPLOYEE.IN ORDER FOR YOU TO RECEIVE DETAILED REPORTING ON YOUR VOUCHER, PLEASE REPLY TO THIS EMAIL WITH THE FOLLOWING TEXT TO CONFIRM DELIVERY OF THE VOUCHERS TO YOUR END USERS/EMPLOYEES: I guarantee that all vouchers will be distributed using the attached email template or text.EMAIL TEXTThis mail is being sent to provide you an Exam voucher to take a Microsoft Certification (not includingMicrosoft Office Specialist or Microsoft Dynamics (aka Microsoft Business Solutions or Navision)).IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE FROM MICROSOFT: By using the voucher number provided through this volume licensing arrangement with your company, you understand and agree that Microsoft may share exam results and information with the company providing your voucher number. If you do not wish to have your exam results and information shared, do not use this voucher number. Privacy StatementVoucher Number: <insert voucher number here>Voucher Expiration Date: <insert contract expiration date here>Once you have received your exam vouchers, we recommend you either appoint one person to manage and distribute the vouchers or that you place the spreadsheet of vouchers on a shared location. It is very important to track which vouchers have already been distributed so that the same voucher number is not sent out more than once.If your employee schedules an exam and needs to change the date, time, location, or exam they have scheduled, they may reschedule the exam online or via phone, but the exam must be rescheduled for a date that occurs prior to the expiration date of the voucher.Frequently Asked QuestionsQ. Where can I find a list of available MCP exams?A. The list of available MCP exams is found here:/Manager/Catalog.aspx?qry=70&nav=trainingtype%3aExam&btn=1Q. What courses are available in the Microsoft E-Learning Technical Library versus the Desktop Library?A. You may view and search for available courses here: /learning/sa-vl-catalog/savldefault.aspx Q. Can I download and host any of the Microsoft E-Learning courses within my own Learning Management System (LMS)?A. No. Many of the courses contain labs that are unable to be hosted on an LMS. Your employees may download the courses to be consumed offline, but they must connect online to update their course progress for reporting and tracking purposes.Redeem your certification exam voucherOnce you are ready to take a Microsoft Certification exam, go to/learning/mcpexams/register/. You may register online, via phone, or in person. During registration, you have the ability to enter your certification exam voucher code.Note : Exam voucher codes can only be used once, although exams can be rescheduled if necessary. See specific rules regarding exam delivery at /microsoft . Detailed registration instructions are also attached.For helpful preparation tips for certification exams, please see the Microsoft Learning Six Steps toCertification Web page at /learning/mcp/sixsteps.mspx .Good luck with your studies!If you choose not to use this voucher, please reply to this email at let us know that you will not be utilizing the voucher number.herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.Q. What is required of my employees to register to take e-learning courses?A. Employees are required to have a Windows Live ID and the e-learning access code you provide them. An employee may create a Windows Live ID here: https:///signup.aspx. Users may download the User Guide or watch the video on how to get registered.User Guide:∙XPS file - /download/C/9/4/C943436F-4228-453A-9731-1CE4C6942488/MS_SA_VL_End_User_Guide.xps∙PDF file - /download/C/9/4/C943436F-4228-453A-9731-1CE4C6942488/MS_SA_VL_End_User_Guide.pdfVideo:∙/learning/_silverlight/vl/vl.htmNOTE: Some organizations experience technical problems when multiple number of users attempt to register Windows Live Accounts from your IP Address in short period. To prevent this issue, you can contact our Microsoft Learning Regional Service Centers /learning/en/us/help/assisted-support.aspx and request that they register your organization’s IP address with Microsoft Live ID to allow simultaneous Live ID account creation. Be prepared to provide your corporate IP address range and subnet mask ID (if you need help finding this information, please contact your IT department). The request typically takes 48-72 hours to complete-The following information is required:o IP or IP Range (x.x.x.x – x.x.x.x) – find this, go here: o Subnet Mask (x.x.x.x)o Expiration DateQ. What is required of my employees to register to take an MCP exam?A. Employees will be required to create a profile by providing information such as First Name, Last Name, address and email address (which will serve as their username).Q. Where can I find information on the results and progress of my employees on their MCP exams and e-learning courses?A. Reports are available to the VLSC Online Services Manager as follows:∙MCP Exams – please request reports from your Microsoft Account Manager∙E-Learning course progress – access the Business Administration Center (BAC)Video: /learning/_silverlight/bac/bac.htmNOTE: If you are not a designated VLSC Online Services Manager, you may request access, by following the instructions in this video - /licensing/existing-customers/media/VLSC-Requesting-and-Approving-User-Permissions.aspxWe hope you enjoy your Microsoft Learning Solutions Online Services. --The Microsoft Learning Team。

美国质量学会注册软件质量工程师CSQE)知识大纲【模板】

该知识大纲以书面形式介绍了考试题目包括子题目的解释以及题目的认知程度。

这些信息对考试发展委员会和准备参加考试人提供了指南。

但这不限于试卷所包含的主题或者所包括的一切的资料。

它只是分类考试中将要包括的题目类型。

在每段最后括号中的描述是指将要测试的每一个题目的最大的认知程度。

在该文件后面对认知程度做了详细描述。

描述软件质量工程可以给组织层面带来的好处。

(理解)在组织、流程或者项目层面使用基准来识别并实施最佳实践。

(应用)在需要道德决策的情况下确定合适的行为，包括识别利益冲突，认识以及解决道德问题等。

(评估)定义并描述例如版权，知识产权，产品责任，数据保密，萨班斯法案等问题对软件开辟的影响。

(理解)定义并描述下列标准和评估模型： ISO 9000 标准， IEEE 软件标准以及SEI 集成能力成熟模型(CMMI)。

(理解)使用领导工具和技术，例如组织的变更管理，知识转移，激励，监控和现场指导，识别等。

(应用)使用不同的方法管理并解决冲突。

使用沟通技巧以及识别可能的结果。

使用会议管理工具最大化绩效。

(应用)在口头，书面和报告方式上使用不同的沟通方法(例如，面谈和倾听技巧)。

在多文化环境中工作使用不同的技术，并识别和描述文化和沟通对质量的影响。

(应用)使用不同的团队管理技巧，包括分配角色和职责，识别团队发展的典型阶段，(组建期、磨合期、规范期、表现期、休整期)，对小组的动态进行监控并做出反应，以及同分布在不同工作环境的不同小组工作。

(应用)使用决策以及创造力工具，例如头脑风暴，名义小组技术(NGT)，多次投票等。

(应用)设计与商业目标一致的项目和产品质量目标。

开辟并使用文件和必需的过程来支持软件质量管理体系。

(创建)描述并区分不同利益相关方小组，并分析他们的需求给软件项目和产品带来的影响。

设计支持软件质量目的和目标的项目计划。

(评价)决定获取，多个供应商的火伴关系，外包服务以及其他外部驱动对组织目标的影响，设计合适的评价供应商和子供应商准则。

LCCI 商业英语 Level 3 学习指南说明书

Mark SchemeNovember 2018Pearson LCCI English for Business Level 3 (ASE3041)LCCI QualificationsLCCI qualifications come from Pearson, the world’s leading learning company. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further information, please visit our website at .Pearson: helping people progress, everywhereOur aim is to help everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been involved in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international reputation for our commitment to high standards and raising achievement through innovation in education. Find out more about how we can help you and your students at: /ukAll the material in this publication is copyright© Pearson Education Ltd 2018General Marking Guidance•All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.•Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.•Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.•There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately.•All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if theanswer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.•Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.•When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, th e team leader must be consultedTOTAL FOR PAPER = 100 MARKS。

商业计划书模板ppt

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行业与市场分析
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Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE Candidate信息表说明书

*P62608A0132*Turn over Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCECandidate surname Other namesTotal MarksCentre Number Candidate NumberPlease check the examination details below before entering your candidate informationP62608A©2020 Pearson Education Ltd.1/1/1Instructions • Use black ink or ball-point pen.• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,centre number and candidate number.• Answer one question in Section A and one question in Section B on yourchosen texts.• Answer the questions in the spaces provided– there may be more space than you need .Information • The total mark for this paper is 72.• The marks for each question are shown in brackets– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question .Advice • Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.• Check your answers if you have time at the end.You must have:Prescribed texts (clean copies)English LiteratureAdvanced SubsidiaryPaper 1: Poetry and DramaPaper Reference 8ET0/01Morning (Time: 2 hours)Friday 15 May 2020*P62608A0232*2SECTION A: PoetryAnswer ONE question and write your answer in the space provided.EITHER1 Compare the ways in which poets explore power in The Gun by Vicki Feaver and oneother poem of your choice from Poems of the Decade: An Anthology of the ForwardBooks of Poetry2002–2011.In your answer you should consider the following:• the poets’ development of themes• the poets’ use of language and imagery• the use of other poetic techniques.(Total for Question 1 = 24 marks) OR2 Compare the ways in which poets use settings in The Lammas Hireling by Ian Duhigand one other poem of your choice from Poems of the Decade: An Anthology of theForward Books of Poetry2002–2011.In your answer you should consider the following:• the poets’ development of themes• the poets’ use of language and imagery• the use of other poetic techniques.(Total for Question 2 = 24 marks)*P62608A0332*Turn over3*P62608A0432*4*P62608A0532*Turn over5...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................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over7...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................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如何参加美国教师资格证考试（cbest、cset）

如何参加美国教师资格证考试（CBEST、CSET）在美国当中小学老师，虽然每一个州都有自己的标准，但基本都要求老师有教学资格证(Teaching Credential)才能教书。

在加州中小学通行的教学资格证有三种：专业资格证（Professional Cleared Credential）；初级资格证（Preliminary Credential）；临时资格证（Emergency Credential）执教幼儿园到9年级学生的教师应持多科资格证，而执教高中的教师通常持单科资格证。

一、教师资格证的要求：1、临时资格证的要求：需要有大学学位，通过CBEST考试。

临时资格证只可以担任代课教师，不能成为正式教师，而且，每年必须修读一定的教育学分，才能更换资格证。

2、初级资格证的要求：（1）通过加州基本教育技能考试CBEST（California Basic Educational Skill Test）。

（2）大学毕业后在教育学院修读30个教育的学分，完成教学实习和其它的要求。

（3）或者在通过CBEST考试后，在大学教育学院获得教育学硕士以上学位。

3、专业资格证的要求：教师拿到初级资格证后，三年内必须在大学修读60个学分（相当于两年的课程）研究生程度的课程，才可以把初级资格证换成专业资格证。

得到专业资格证以后，必须每五年更新一次。

二、CBEST考试：在加州要取得教学资格证并不是一件容易的事情，CBEST考不及格，教育学院就不会录取你就读教学资格证课程，无法满足修读教育学分的条件。

CBEST是一个长达四小时的考试，分英语阅读，英语作文和数学三部分。

1、英语阅读程度只相当于美国8年级，阅读考试的内容中大部份是考美国特有的文化，以及生物，医学，人类学，考古学方面非常专门的英语单词。

2、英语作文从前是要求在一个小时之内写两篇作文，一篇是小说，一篇是议论文。

现在改为两个小时。

假如不熟悉英语作文的“八股”要求，几乎不可能及格的。

法国英语计算机硕士

法国英语计算机硕士
法国有很多提供英语授课计算机硕士课程的学校，其中巴黎综合理工大学在计算机科学和信息专业领域世界排名第55，全法排名第二。

该学校提供两年的Master of Science and Technology英语授课硕士课程，包含三个与计算机相关的专业。

申请要求为C1法语或C1英语，并最好具有985院校背景，平均分在85分以上。

此外，巴黎文理研究大学也是一所提供英语授课计算机硕士课程的学校，其2021年QS世界大学计算机专业排名全法第一。

该校M1阶段有三个TRACK: 基础计算，授课语言为英语或法语。

如需了解更多法国英语计算机硕士的相关信息，建议查询学校官网或咨询留学机构。

精益生产WorldClassManufacturing世界级制造精益生产

生产方式项目
产品特点
手工生产方式
完全按顾客要求
设备和工装
通用,灵活,便宜
大批量生产方式
标准化品种单一
专用,高效,昂贵
精益生产方式
品种多样,系列化柔性高,效率高
分工与作业内容操作工人库存水平制造成本产品品质市场需求
粗略,丰富多彩
细致,简单,重复
懂设计制造,具有高操作技艺
高
不需专门技能高
• 领班：生产力改进；成本降低 • 主管：生产控制，作业标准，质量控制，
培训，安全， • 经理：目标方针，资源配备，系统优化
高层管理中层管理基层管理作业人员
1 Lean Manufacturing System Briefing 精益生产系统简介 ➢ 制造系统的要点
➢ 市场竞争及全球化
➢ 精益生产五项原则
• Ongoing efforts to improve Quality, Productivity, and Responsiveness
• Recognition of employee abilities
• 消除浪费 • 不断改进 • 员工参与
• Builds on synchronous manufacturing
• Capable plants linked to lean concepts
• 改善整个价值链 • 节点上连着精益工
厂
大批量生产方式的致命弱点
1. 库存量高 2. 生产周期长 3. 返修率高 4. 员工工作单调、积极性低 5. 制造系统缺乏弹性，反应速度慢 6. 阻碍知识和能力的发挥
三种生产方式的比较
1997 IWeek Survey of 2,900 manufacturers 1998 IWeek Survey of 2,100 additional manufacturers

Credito Emiliano（Credem）OpenTextTM Data Express产品简

Credito Emiliano (Credem)OpenT ext TM Data Express improves time-to-market and ensures full data privacy compliance.Overview Credito Emiliano S.p.A. (Credem) is ranked as the 18th largest bank in Italy by total assets. The bank has several divisions, including retail bank-ing, corporate banking, and private banking. Challenge Banks such as Credem demand that IT sup-ports key business objectives, maximizes customer satisfaction, and meets all forms of governance and compliance requirements, especially in this highly regulated industry. T o achieve this, IT must offer the highest levels of application quality; and this means a rigorous, comprehensive and security-conscious test-ing and QA infrastructure. But how can IT de-liver business value through application quality, while it has to respect data privacy rules and work within the constraints of its infrastructure? Ernesto Centrella, T est Department Manager at Credem explains: “We wanted to save disk space, while accelerating the data alignment process from the production to the test envi-ronments. This was a manual and time-con-suming process with our application managers having to certify that the data had been fully masked and was data privacy compliant be-fore moving it into a test environment. We also needed to improve performance and achieve a faster time-to-market by reducing the testing preparation and execution time. We wanted to improve the testing data quality, while respect-ing privacy.”Solution Local services provider SI.DE. Soft, a key part-ner for Credem, took charge of the project and soon highlighted OpenText TMData Expresswhich has a special focus on data masking and data subsetting; features Credem was very interesting in. Using Data Express, a process was put in place where any data which could reveal a customer’s identity was automatically masked in the test environment. T est environ-ments were set up in parallel with the produc-tion environment, creating a repeatable andreliable test environment to support all testing activities. T ests are carried out on test dataand the results are verified by analyzing the impact on the various files. With the flexibility At a Glance ■ Industry Financial Services ■ Partner SI.DE. Soft s.r.l.■ Location Italy ■ Challenge Credem wanted to automate a manual and time-consuming application testing process to improve performance and achieve a faster time-to-market. It needed to improve the test data quality, while respecting data privacy in the highly regulated banking industry.■ Products and Services Data Express ■ Success Highlights + 80% reduction in testing environment storage requirements + 50% improvement in batch testing time + Full data privacy compliance+ Enhanced application quality +Reduced time-to-market“In some cases we manage particularly sensitive data, such as US fiscal codes. The built-in flexibility in Data Express has made this easy for us.”GIULIO FERRETTI T echnical T est Analyst CredemCase StudyData Express offers, every product process was adapted to Credem’s specific needs, us-ing custom APIs and exit routine mechanisms.Giulio Ferretti, T echnical T est Analyst at Credem, comments on the use of Data Express: “We like that we can manage our different platforms and databases from a single central repository. The Data Life Cycle feature locates every new entity (a new or changed data structure) and catalogs it in the repository, minimizing rework.”Data Express provides extraction simulation to show elapsed time, CPU consumption, and test data storage capacity requirements. This helps prevent errors occurring during the ex-traction of production data. It uses the source data index to improve performance. Parallel processes can be executed so that the overall elapsed time is much shorter.Data Express allows Credem to improve the testing process by rapidly and consistently providing test data when needed and in the required format. Ferretti comments: “In some cases we manage particularly sensitive data, such as US fiscal codes. The built-in flexibility in Data Express has made this easy for us.”ResultsUsing Data Express, the testing environment now uses the exact same data quality as the production environment, making it possible to reproduce test cases which couldn’t be certi-fied before. This means the testing data quality has improved resulting in higher quality appli-cations with far fewer issues in production.The data subsetting within Data Express has allowed faster testing processes, improving the time-to-market of business applications.Thanks to the data protection provided by data masking, Credem can now open up its systems to allow its partners to test their applications directly on the relevant environments, with no risk to data compliance whatsoever.Centrella on the benefits: “With Data Express we have seen a reduction of 80% in our test-ing environment storage requirements. As we run in a mainframe environment, this is a direct MIPS saving for us. We have also achieved a 50% performance improvement for our batch testing processes. This translates to a faster time-to-market with higher quality applica-tions. With the automation in place to gener-ate and maintain test environment data, our developers can focus on developing and test-ing new functionality to cover Credem’s busi-ness needs.”He concludes: “We have gained savings in many areas: disk space costs, MIPS/CPU usage, a more stable production environment, and a faster time-to-market for our business applica-tions. Best of all though, Micro Focus (now part of OpenT ext TM) and SI.DE. Soft helped minimize any compliance risk to data privacy. They have given us the confidence that our data is secure and fully compliant.”Learn more at/opentext268-000042-001 | O | 05/23 | © 2023 Open T ext。

查尔斯特大学信息技术专业

查尔斯特大学信息技术专业
学校中文名：查尔斯特大学
学校英文名：Charles Sturt University
专业中文名：信息技术（12科）硕士
专业英文名：Master of Information Technology (12 subjects)专业：理工科电脑科学和信息技术
学历：硕士
学制：2年
入学日期：春季和秋季
学费：17820 澳元/学年
查尔斯特大学信息技术（12科）硕士研究生申请要求
语言要求：雅思总分6.0,单科不能够低于5.5。

托福总分80,写作不能够低于25。

PTE总分54,单科不能够低于46。

学术要求
本科学位。

或者符合ACS相关专业认证。

或者IT专业的副学士学位。

或者IT专业硕士文凭。

或者拥有三年以上IT领域工作经验,并且拥有CSU的毕业证或者毕业文凭。

查尔斯特大学信息技术（12科）硕士申请材料要求清单
1.中英文在校成绩单（原件）
2.中英文在读证明（如果在读中要准备在读证明）（原件）
3.中英文毕业证/学位证（原件）
4.中英文排名证明（原件）（可选提供）
5.个人简历
6.护照个人信息页
7.雅思成绩(PTE,托福)
8.专业资格证书、获奖证书、荣誉证书等的复印件（可选提供）
9.个人陈述。

莱斯大学生物工程研究生申请要求

莱斯大学生物工程研究生申请要求莱斯大学生物工程系网申系统要求候选人在相关截止日期之前将材料提交给研究生招生委员会。

所需材料包括以下，和一起来了解。

成绩单。

所有在本科和研究生院校获得的成绩，其正式副本必须寄送，非正式副本必须上传到申请中。

目的陈述。

所有学生必须在申请的“补充信息”栏目中上传目的陈述。

推荐信。

至少三封来自老师或者顾问的推荐信。

GRE成绩。

必须上报verbal、数量部分和分析写作成绩。

不要求专业考试。

托福成绩。

尚未在美国大学拿到学位或者所在大学英语非教学语言的学生必须提供托福成绩。

托福网考每年举办50多次，世界各地都有考点。

托福网考要求不低于90分。

也可以使用雅思学术类成绩代替托福成绩。

雅思要求不低于7分。

准备好将所有正式成绩提交给莱斯大学。

生物工程系的GRE代码是1603，莱斯大学代码6609，托福代码69。

申请费。

85美元，可用借记卡或者电子支票支付。

生物工程系不提供申请费减免。

费用不用退出到注册的时候支付。

支付申请人之后申请才能被审核。

为了确保研究生录取决定作出的时候能提供成绩，至少在申请截止日期之前的90天报名GRE和托福考试。

必须至少提前30天要求发送成绩单，以便发送者来得及将材料提供给莱斯大学。

研究生阶段，莱斯大学生物工程系开设生物工程硕士、生物工程博士两类学位。

其中，生物工程硕士提供应用生物工程、全球医学创新两个方向。

以下是该学位的申请要求。

生物工程硕士申请要求应用生物工程和全球医学创新两个方向都要求在线申请。

申请者必须选择一个方向，但是也可以向各方向提交单独的申请。

目前在莱斯大学读生物工程本科的学生如果要提交申请必须联系学术项目管理员。

截止日期应用生物工程春季入学：10月30日。

秋季入学：4月30日。

全球医学创新秋季入学：1月15日。

3月15日可能开放第二轮申请。

常见问题解答1. 为什么要读生物工程硕士?生物工程硕士可以在研究生阶段提升和生化你的专业知识。

这对于企业和行业都是有吸引力的。

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VD

(1)
Where V =average value of tidal currents velocities; D = diameter of the tower. As
Re= VD

0.7 7 1025 3.35 106 3 105 3 1.5 10
so CD = 0.6. As Morison’s equation, drag force of the tower in per meter is
is
the function of
,
.
7
Let
,
. So when the direction of tidal currents is parallel
to the area composed by one guy cable and the tower, this guy cable has the maximum tension, As the horizontal equilibrium condition, so
Use ANSYS, finite element software to solve this problem. Fig.4 shows the model of structure, and Fig.5 shows axis forces of elements. Magnitudes of the forces in each member are shown in Table.1.
5 1 M (C ) 1 Fc 2 sin 0 ; 2 3
sin 2 ; 29
Fc F
c A
5 2
so Fc
7 29 6.2827 . 6
Fb b C Fig.3.
Above all, Fa Solution II:
7 29 5 5 6.2827 . 1.3975 , Fb 5 , Fc 6 8
H 2 T R H fdh 0 0 2
.
(12)
R H fdh
0
H
100 2 2 T 2.1525 (0.2+0.01h)2 dh 175.398 0.615kN 0 2 2
Above all, maximum tension in the guy cables is horizontal reaction force at the tower base is .
Where A=area for the tower; V= tidal currents velocity; h=distance above seabed. So
1 1 f Cd AV 2 0.6 1025 7 (0.2+0.01h)2 2 2
2.1525 (0.2+0.01h)2 (kN / m)
8
toughness while withstands dynamic loading. (b) The better toughness, brittle failure happens the less likely in matieral. In damage, material of good toughness can produce large plastic deformation, absorb ing energy, causing stress redistribution and enhancing the reliability of the structure. Plastic deformation can rise to the warning role. Toughness good materials can better withstand impact loading. (c) Add subtle reinforced fiber in the cement grout, making a kind of standard of high toughness than concrete 100 times, high strength 3 times the new kind of concrete.
Forces and loads in the structure are shown in Fig. 1. is
composition of tension in guy cables; RH and RV are respectively horizontal and vertical reaction forces at the tower base.
5
f 2.1525 (0.2+0.01h)2
L
H
RV
RH
Fig.1. Forces and loads in the structure
tower
guy cable at intervals
L
c b
a
d
f
sea bed
guy cable at intervals
Fig.2. Tension in guy cables
5 10 5 4 M ( B) 1 Fb 0 ; 2 3 3 3
F Fa´
B
a´
A C Fig.2.
5 2
Fb
sin
2 ; 5
5 5 1.3975 , Fb 5 . 8
1
so
Fa Fa
Choose part of the structure as Fig. 3.Calculate composition of moments to point C.
base of the tower. Estimate the maximum tension the guy cables have to withstand due to this tidal current. Also calculate the horizontal reaction force at the tower base to satisfy overall equilibrium conditions.
a, b, c, d are 4 segments; guy cable;
is the angle between
As the moment equilibrium condition, the composition of moment for the tower base is 0. So
then, (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (11) where are lengths of segments a, b, c and d; so
1Structures
Q1. Determine the magnitudes of the forces in members a, b, c in the simplest possible way.
5 3
a´ β 2
Fig.1. Solution I:
29 3
α
Due to the symmetry and equilibrium of structure the reaction force of the support is
5 respectively. And force in member a is equal to a´ . 2
Choose part of the structure as Fig.2. Calculate composition of moments to point A and B.
5 15 M ( A) Fa 4 sin 1 1 0 ; 3 3
, the
3 Materials Q6. (a) It is often stated that the toughness of structural material is defined as the area under the stress/strain graph. Explain carefully why this is not strictly true. (b) Explain why toughness is an important property for structural materials. (c) Describe and discuss a method of increasing the toughness of concrete. Answers:(a) Toughness is energy absorption capacity of material in plastic deformation and fracture process, including fracture toughness and impact toughness. The area under the stress/strain graph only describes toughness in static stretching, could not describe impact
Fig.4. Model of structure
2
Fig.5. Figure of axis forces in elements Table.1 Magnitudes of forces in each element Element num. 1,11 8,10 9 2,5 3,7 Axis forces 6.2500 5.0000 3.7500 -6.7315 -4.7120 Element num. 4,6 12,19 13, 18 14, 17 15, 16 Axis forces -6.2827 -0.93169 1.1785 -1.3975 1.3975