Chapter 1 Speaking in Public
Public Speaking 1
• Speech presentation on different public speaking style • Public speaking competition • Debate show
Assessments
• Attendance 10% • Class participation 10% (including minilecture) • Assignment 10% • Final exam 70% (oral 40% written 60%)
1. http://englishspeech.xust.blog.163.co m/blog/#m=0 英语演讲与辩论博客 2. /ted/
Listening to at least two of the following speeches and tell your impression
• What applied skills and basic knowledge are most important for those who has a four-year college diploma? Oral Communication Collaboration Professional/Work Ethic Written Communication Critical Thinking/Problem Solving 95.4% 94.4% 93.8% 93.1% 93.1%
Chapter 4: Varieties of public speaking—
• Speaking to inform: objects, process, events, concepts • Speaking to persuade: fact, value, policy • Speaking to argue: Constructing a Logical Argument Debate Format
A3TestBankPartIIChapter1SpeakinginPublic
A3TestBankPartIIChapter1SpeakinginPublicChapter 1 Speaking in PublicTrue-False QuestionsStudents are to indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false by circling the appropriate letter、Students are to indicate the best answer for each question by circling the correct letter、1.When your textbook describes public speaking as a form of empowerment, it means thatpublic speaking is __________、a. a way to make a difference in something we care aboutb. a way to make everyone see things through our frame of referencec. a way to demonstrate how clever we ared. a way to manipulate people2.Almost all cultures have an equivalent of the English word “__________” to de signatesomeone with special skills in public speaking、a.speakerb.talkerc.lecturerd.orator3.Intercultural municative petence builds upon traditional municative petence but adds the__________ required to make one’s way in an interdependent, culturally diverse world、a.awareness and skillsb.knowledgec.linguistic fluencyd.understanding4.Because public speaking is an act of __________ munication, it involves the use of Englishas a working language、a.interpersonalb.strategicc.massd.business5.Critical thinking involves all of the following related skills EXCEPT __________、a.distinguishing fact from opinionb.judging the credibility of statementsc.controlling nervousness and stage frightd.assessing the soundness of evidence6.One of the major differences between public speaking and ordinary conversation isthat public speaking usually requires __________、a.adapting to feedback from listenersb. a more formal manner of delivery/doc/3e55a954dc3383c4bb4cf7ec4af e04a1b171b063.html anizing ideas for effective municationd.tailoring the message to the audience7.It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only__________ ideas、a.reorganizedb.rediscoveredc.reemphasizedd.reinforced8.As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will enhance yourability to think __________、a.clearly and accuratelyb.effectively and clearlyc.logically and accuratelyd.cohesively and logically9.In order to organize your message, you need to __________、a、 tailor your message to the audienceb、 tell a story for maximum impactc、 organize your thoughts logic logicallyd、 adapting to listener feedback10.All of the following types of language have little place in public speeches EXCEPT__________、a、 slangb、 idiomc、 jargond、 bad grammar11.Listeners usually react negatively to speakers who do not __________ their language whenaddressing an audience、a、 elevate and polishb、 watch and decoratec、 control and decorated、 elevate and watch12.Speech munication begins with a __________、a、 listenerb、 channelc、 speakerd、 message13.Which of the following factors is NOT relevant to your success as a speaker?a、 Your manner of speaking、b、 Your circle of friends、c、 Your personal credibility、d、 Your knowledge of the subject、14.The __________ is whatever a speaker municates to someone else、a、 messageb、 channelc、 feedbackd、 situation15.In a public speaking class, your channel is the most __________ of all、a、 directb、 activec、 worthyd、 personal16.The listener’s __________ refers to the total of his or her knowledge, experience, goals,values, and attitudes、a、 mentality or mindsetb、 frame of referencec、 way of thinkingd、 field of expertise17.To be an effective public speaker, you must be __________、a、 situation-centeredb.audience-centeredc.channel-centeredd.message-centered18.Which of the following behavior is NOT an example of feedback?a、 Listeners wear warm clothes、b.Listeners shuffle their feet、c.Listeners lean forward in their seats、d.Listeners gaze at the clock、19.Interference is anything that __________ the munication ofa message、a、 influencesb.controlsc.impedesd.involves20.Funerals, weddings, graduation ceremonies are examples of __________、a、 channelb.situationc.interferenced.feedback21.As you present your speech, you notice that many of your listeners have interested lookson their faces and are nodding their heads in agreement with your ideas、 According to your textbook, these reactions by your listeners are called __________、a.interferenceb.cognitive cuesc.feedbackd.audience cues22.According to your textbook, a listener anxious about anuping exam, worried about arecent argument with a friend, or distracted by cold air in the classroom would beexperiencing __________、a.situational cuesb.interferencec.munication apprehensiond.psychological dissonance23.Concern by a listener about an uping job interview, the lack of air conditioning, or atoothache are all examples of __________ in the speech munication process、a.feedbackb.interferencec.avoidanced.blockage24.Recognizing that the audience for his graduation speech would be packed into a non-air-conditioned gymnasium during the hottest week of the year, Lin Yang decided to keep his speech at the low end of his 10-to-15-minute time limit、 In making this decision, which element of the speech munication process was Lin Yang adapting to?a.Location、b.Feedback、c.Situation、d.Message、25.A ringing cell phone or an audience member browsing the Web on her laptop during aspeech are examples of __________ in the speech munication process、a.channelb.messagec.interferenced.feedback26.Whatever a speaker municates to someone else is termed the __________、a.channelb.messagec.coded.feedback27.What, according to your textbook, is the term for anything that impedes the munication ofa message?a.Interference、b.Blockage、c.Intrusion、d.Avoidance、28.Someone coughing in the audience or walking in late during a presentation are examplesof __________ in the speech munication process、a.channelb.messagec.feedbackd.interference29.The means by which a message is municated is termed the __________、a.occasionb.channelc.catalystd.setting30.As defined in your textbook, channel in the speech munication process refers to__________、a.the feedback sent to a speaker by the listenerb.the means by which a message is municatedc.the content a speaker municates to someone elsed.the process by which listeners adapt to the speaker31.__________ lets you know how your message is being received、a.Vocal varietyb.Credibilityc.Feedbackd.Interference32.As Liu Xiaoli approached the podium, loud voices from the hallway filled the room、Before beginning her speech, she asked someone in the back of the room to close the door、 In this case, Benita was dealing with __________、a.stage frightb.interferencea.audience attitudesb.feedback33.In the midst of a speech about volcanoes, a speaker notices quizzical expressions on thefaces of her listeners、In response, she s ays, “Let me explain that point again to make sure it’s clear、” When this happens, the speaker is __________、a.building her credibilityb.pensating for the situationc. adapting to feedbackd.adjusting the channel34.As Zhang Qiang delivered his speech, he noticed that some members of his audiencelooked confused as he explained one of his main points、 As a result, he slowed down and explained the point again、 In this case, Zhang Qiang was __________、a.dealing with external interferenceb.adapting to audience feedbackc.adjusting the channel of municationd.interpreting the audience’s frame of reference35.Dealing with such matters as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness ofevidence, and the differences between fact and opinion are all part of what your textbook calls __________、a.deductionb.critical thinkingc.rational municationd.oral deliberation36.As you listen to a speech about campus crime, you relate the speaker’s ideas to yourown knowledge, goals, and experience、 According to your textbook, you are filtering the speech through your own __________、a.psychological screenb.cognitive fieldc.frame of referenced.social perspective37.Which of the following aspects of public speaking is least likely to help strengthen yourskills as a critical thinker?a.Researching your speech、b.Outlining and organizing your speech、c.Testing the logic of your arguments、d.Practicing the delivery of your speech、38.Because every person has a unique __________ based on his or her own knowledge,experience, and values, the meaning of a message can never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker、a.feedback mechanismb.attitudinal corec.frame of referenced.psychological field39.Everything a speaker says is filtered through a listener’s __________、a.credibilityb.frame of referencec.feedbackd.personal screen40.According to your textbook, the knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudesthrough which each listener filters a message is called the listener’s __________、a.personal screenb.frame of referencec.sphere of valuesd.attitudinal coreShort Answer Questions1.As discussed in your text, speechmaking bees more plex as cultural diversity increases、2.Intercultural municative petence requires thinking andacting in ways that acknowledge andrespect cultural diversity、3.Critical thinking is focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationshipsamong ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the difference between fact and opinion、4.What are the three primary differences discussed in your textbook between public speakingand conversation?a.Public speaking is more highly structured、b.Public speaking requires more formal language、c.Public speaking requires a different manner of delivery、5.The situation is the time and place in which speech munication takes place、6.Because a listener’s frame of reference can never be exactly the same as a speaker’s, themeaning of a message will never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker、7.The messages sent by listeners to a speaker are called feedback、8.Concern by a listener about lawn mower noise outside the room, an uping test, or a sickrelative are all examples of interference、9.Feedback lets you know how your message is being received by your audience、10.The channel is the means by which a message is municated、Essay Questions1.Explain two ways in which public speaking and conversation differ, and two ways in whichthey are similar、2.Briefly explain the four skills you use in everyday conversation that are also among the skillsrequired for effective public speaking、3.Explain the following statement: “Because a listener’s frame of reference can never be thesame as a speaker’s, the meaning of a message will never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker、”4.Identify and briefly explain the seven elements of the speech munication process、 Include inyour answer a sketch of the plete speech munication model presented in the textbook、Be sure to label each part of the model、5.Briefly discuss the impact of cultural diversity on the speechmaking process、。
The-art-of-public-speaking-chapter-1-.2-.3
• To study the elements of speech presentation
• To be aware of certain presentation errors that can negatively affect a speech evaluation
Slide 4
The tradition of public speaking
McGraw-Hill
“一人之辩，重于九鼎之宝， 三寸之舌，强于百万之师”
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 5
The power of public speaking
•Even meanings attached to gestures for such basic messages as “yes” and “no” are culturally b 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
2. If there is a language difference between you and your audience, avoid any words or phrases that might cause misunderstanding.
3. When delivering your speech, be alert to feedback that might indicate the audience is having trouble grasping your ideas.
• To learn the basic steps in making a good impression
A3TestBankPartIIChapter1SpeakinginPublic
Chapter 1 Speaking in PublicTrue-False QuestionsStudents are to indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false by circling the appropriate letter.Students are to indicate the best answer for each question by circling the correct letter.1.When your textbook describes public speaking as a form of empowerment, it means thatpublic speaking is __________.a. a way to make a difference in something we care aboutb. a way to make everyone see things through our frame of referencec. a way to demonstrate how clever we ared. a way to manipulate people2.Almost all cultures have an equivalent of the English word “__________” to designatesomeone with special skills in public speaking.a.speakerb.talkerc.lecturerd.orator3.Intercultural communicative competence builds upon traditional communicativecompetence but adds the __________ required to make one’s way in an interdependent, culturally diverse world.a.awareness and skillsb.knowledgec.linguistic fluencyd.understanding4.Because public speaking is an act of __________ communication, it involves the use ofEnglish as a working language.a.interpersonalb.strategicc.massd.business5.Critical thinking involves all of the following related skills EXCEPT __________.a.distinguishing fact from opinionb.judging the credibility of statementsc.controlling nervousness and stage frightd.assessing the soundness of evidence6.One of the major differences between public speaking and ordinary conversation isthat public speaking usually requires __________.a.adapting to feedback from listenersb. a more formal manner of deliveryanizing ideas for effective communicationd.tailoring the message to the audience7.It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only__________ ideas.a.reorganizedb.rediscoveredc.reemphasizedd.reinforced8.As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will enhance yourability to think __________.a.clearly and accuratelyb.effectively and clearlyc.logically and accuratelyd.cohesively and logically9.In order to organize your message, you need to __________.a. tailor your message to the audienceb. tell a story for maximum impactc. organize your thoughts logic logicallyd. adapting to listener feedback10.All of the following types of language have little place in public speeches EXCEPT__________.a. slangb. idiomc. jargond. bad grammar11.Listeners usually react negatively to speakers who do not __________ their language whenaddressing an audience.a. elevate and polishb. watch and decoratec. control and decorated. elevate and watch12.Speech communication begins with a __________.a. listenerb. channelc. speakerd. message13.Which of the following factors is NOT relevant to your success as a speaker?a. Your manner of speaking.b. Your circle of friends.c. Your personal credibility.d. Your knowledge of the subject.14.The __________ is whatever a speaker communicates to someone else.a. messageb. channelc. feedbackd. situation15.In a public speaking class, your channel is the most __________ of all.a. directb. activec. worthyd. personal16.The listener’s __________ refers to the total of his or her knowledge, experience, goals,values, and attitudes.a. mentality or mindsetb. frame of referencec. way of thinkingd. field of expertise17.To be an effective public speaker, you must be __________.a. situation-centeredb.audience-centeredc.channel-centeredd.message-centered18.Which of the following behavior is NOT an example of feedback?a. Listeners wear warm clothes.b.Listeners shuffle their feet.c.Listeners lean forward in their seats.d.Listeners gaze at the clock.19.Interference is anything that __________ the communication of a message.a. influencesb.controlsc.impedesd.involves20.Funerals, weddings, graduation ceremonies are examples of __________.b.situationc.interferenced.feedback21.As you present your speech, you notice that many of your listeners have interested lookson their faces and are nodding their heads in agreement with your ideas. According to your textbook, these reactions by your listeners are called __________.a.interferenceb.cognitive cuesc.feedbackd.audience cues22.According to your textbook, a listener anxious about an upcoming exam, worried about arecent argument with a friend, or distracted by cold air in the classroom would beexperiencing __________.a.situational cuesb.interferencemunication apprehensiond.psychological dissonance23.Concern by a listener about an upcoming job interview, the lack of air conditioning, or atoothache are all examples of __________ in the speech communication process.a.feedbackb.interferencec.avoidanced.blockage24.Recognizing that the audience for his graduation speech would be packed into a non-air-conditioned gymnasium during the hottest week of the year, Lin Yang decided to keep his speech at the low end of his 10-to-15-minute time limit. In making this decision, which element of the speech communication process was Lin Yang adapting to?a.Location.b.Feedback.c.Situation.d.Message.25.A ringing cell phone or an audience member browsing the Web on her laptop during aspeech are examples of __________ in the speech communication process.a.channelb.messagec.interferenced.feedback26.Whatever a speaker communicates to someone else is termed the __________.a.channelc.coded.feedback27.What, according to your textbook, is the term for anything that impedes thecommunication of a message?a.Interference.b.Blockage.c.Intrusion.d.Avoidance.28.Someone coughing in the audience or walking in late during a presentation are examplesof __________ in the speech communication process.a.channelb.messagec.feedbackd.interference29.The means by which a message is communicated is termed the __________.a.occasionb.channelc.catalystd.setting30.As defined in your textbook, channel in the speech communication process refers to__________.a.the feedback sent to a speaker by the listenerb.the means by which a message is communicatedc.the content a speaker communicates to someone elsed.the process by which listeners adapt to the speaker31.__________ lets you know how your message is being received.a.Vocal varietyb.Credibilityc.Feedbackd.Interference32.As Liu Xiaoli approached the podium, loud voices from the hallway filled the room.Before beginning her speech, she asked someone in the back of the room to close the door. In this case, Benita was dealing with __________.a.stage frightb.interferencea.audience attitudesb.feedback33.In the midst of a speech about volcanoes, a speaker notices quizzical expressions on thefaces of her listeners. In response, she says, “Let me explain that point again to make sure it’s clear.” When this happens, the speaker is __________.a.building her credibilitypensating for the situationc. adapting to feedbackd.adjusting the channel34.As Zhang Qiang delivered his speech, he noticed that some members of his audiencelooked confused as he explained one of his main points. As a result, he slowed down and explained the point again. In this case, Zhang Qiang was __________.a.dealing with external interferenceb.adapting to audience feedbackc.adjusting the channel of communicationd.interpreting the audience’s frame of reference35.Dealing with such matters as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness ofevidence, and the differences between fact and opinion are all part of what your textbook calls __________.a.deductionb.critical thinkingc.rational communicationd.oral deliberation36.As you listen to a speech about campus crime, you relate the speaker’s ideas to yourown knowledge, goals, and experience. According to your textbook, you are filtering the speech through your own __________.a.psychological screenb.cognitive fieldc.frame of referenced.social perspective37.Which of the following aspects of public speaking is least likely to help strengthen yourskills as a critical thinker?a.Researching your speech.b.Outlining and organizing your speech.c.Testing the logic of your arguments.d.Practicing the delivery of your speech.38.Because every person has a unique __________ based on his or her own knowledge,experience, and values, the meaning of a message can never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker.a.feedback mechanismb.attitudinal corec.frame of referenced.psychological field39.Everything a speaker says is filtered through a listener’s __________.a.credibilityb.frame of referencec.feedbackd.personal screen40.According to your textbook, the knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudesthrough which each listener filters a message is called the listener’s __________.a.personal screenb.frame of referencec.sphere of valuesd.attitudinal coreShort Answer Questions1.As discussed in your text, speechmaking becomes more complex as cultural diversityincreases.2.Intercultural communicative competence requires thinking and acting in ways thatacknowledge and respect cultural diversity.3.Critical thinking is focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationshipsamong ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the difference between fact and opinion.4.What are the three primary differences discussed in your textbook between public speakingand conversation?a.Public speaking is more highly structured.b.Public speaking requires more formal language.c.Public speaking requires a different manner of delivery.5.The situation is the time and place in which speech communication takes place.6.Because a listener’s frame of reference can never be exactly the same as a speaker’s, themeaning of a message will never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker.7.The messages sent by listeners to a speaker are called feedback.8.Concern by a listener about lawn mower noise outside the room, an upcoming test, or a sickrelative are all examples of interference.9.Feedback lets you know how your message is being received by your audience.10.The channel is the means by which a message is communicated.Essay Questions1.Explain two ways in which public speaking and conversation differ, and two ways in whichthey are similar.2.Briefly explain the four skills you use in everyday conversation that are also among the skillsrequired for effective public speaking.3.Explain the following statement: “Because a listener’s frame of reference can never be thesame as a speaker’s, the meaning of a message will never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker.”4.Identify and briefly explain the seven elements of the speech communication process. Includein your answer a sketch of the complete speech communication model presented in thetextbook. Be sure to label each part of the model.5.Briefly discuss the impact of cultural diversity on the speechmaking process.。
(完整版)《演讲的艺术》chapter1-5课后summary
Chapter1 speaking in publicPeople throughout history have used public speaking as a vital means of communication and empowerment. Because you will live the rest of your life in a globalized world, the need for English public speaking will almost surely touch you at some time.To be successful giving speeches in English, you need to be culturally competent communicator. You must show respect for the cultural values and expectations of the people who come to hear you. This dose not mean that you have to devalue your own culture. There is no inherent conflict between being a competent English public speaker and being fully Chinese.Because public speaking involves the use of English as a working language, it requires critical thinking skills. Critical thinking helps you organize your ideas, spot weaknesses in other people’s reasoning, and avoid them in your own.There are many similarities between public speaking and conversation, but there are also important differences. First, public speaking requires more detailed preparation than ordinary conversation. Second, it requires more formal language. Third, it demands that speakers adjust their voices to the larger audience and work at avoiding distracting physical mannerisms and verbal habits.The speech communication process includes seven elements: speaker, message, channel, listener, feedback, interference, and situation. The interaction of these elements determines the outcome of any public speech.Chapter2 speaking confidently and ethicallystage fright is an issue for public speakers in all countries. Rather than trying to eliminate every trace of stage fright, you should try to transform it into positive energy. To some extent, this will happen naturally as you gain experience as a speaker, but you should also think positively, prepare thoroughly, visualize yourself giving a successful speech, remember that most nervousness is not visible to the audience, and think of your speech as communication rather than as a performance in which you must do everything perfectly Because public speaking is a form of power, it carries with it heavy ethical responsibili ties. There are four basic guidelines for ethical speechmaking. The first is to make sure your goals are ethically sound. The second is to be fully prepared for each speech. The third is to be honest in what you say. The fourth is to put ethical principles into practice at all timesOf all the ethical lapses a speaker can commit, few are more serious than plagiarism lobal plagiarism is lifting a speech entirely from a single source. Patchwork plagiarism involves cutting and pasting a speech from a limited number of sources. Incremental pla giarism occurs when a speaker fails to give credit for specific quotations and paraphrases that are borrowed from other people Because it is so easy to copy information from the Internet, it poses special challenges with regard to plagiarism. If you don't cite Internet sources, you are just as guilty of plagia- rism as if you take information from print sources without proper citation. As you research your speeches, be sure to take accurate notes of the Internet sources you use so you can identify them in your speechChapter3 giving your first speechOne of your first assignments will be to present an introductory speech, either a speech of self-introduction or a speech introducing a classmate. Focus the speech on a limited number of ideas and be creative in developing them. Use interesting supporting materials and present them in colorful, descriptive language.When organizing the speech, make sure you have a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. Most introductory speeches fall naturally into chronological or topical order. Using clear transitions will help your audience follow you from point to point.Although you will write a complete manuscript or outline of your speech when preparing it, you should deliver it extemporaneously. This means you have rehearsed fully and can present your talk from a brief set of speaking notes. Concentrate on establishing eye contact with the audience and on speaking in a dynamic, engaged tonof voiceChapter4 selecting a topic and purposeThe first step in speechmaking is choosing a topic. If you have trouble picking a topic, you can use clustering, a personal inventory, or an Internet search to come up with something that is right for you.The general purpose of your speech will usually be to inform or to persuade. When your general purpose is to inform, your goal is to communicate information clearly, accurately, and interestingly. When your general purpose is to persuade, your goal is to win listeners over to your point of viewOnce you know your topic and general purpose, you must focus on a specific purpose statement that indicates precisely what your speech seeks to achieve. The specific purpose statement should (1) be a full infinitive phrase; (2) be worded as a statement, not a question:(3) avoid figurative language;(4) not be vague or general; (5) be appropriate for your audience; and(6) be achievable in the allotted time.The central idea is a concise statement of what you will say in your speech, and it usually crystallizes in your thinking after you have done your research and have decided on the main points. In most cases, it encapsulates the main points in a single declarative sentence Chapter5 analyzing the audienceGood speakers are audience-centered. When working on your speeches, keep three questions in mind: To whom am I speaking? What do I want them to know, believe, or do as result of my speech? What is the most effective way of composing and presenting my speech to accomplish that aim?People are egocentric. They typically approach speeches with one question uppermost in mind: "why is this important to me?" Therefore you need to study your audience and adapt your speech to their beliefs and interests.The major factors to consider in audience analysis are size, physical setting, demographic traits disposition toward the topic, disposition toward the speaker, and disposition toward the occasion, For speeches outside the classroom, you can get information about the audience by asking the person who invites you to speak. For classroom speeches, you can circulate an audience-analysis questionnaire.Once you complete the audience analysis, you must adapt your speech so it will be clear and convincing. Try to hear the speech as your listeners will. Anticipate questions and objections, and try to answer them in advance. When you deliver the speech, keep an eye out for audience feedback, and adjust your remarks in response. After the speech, think about your audience's response and about changes you would make if you were delivering the speech again。
演讲的艺术(第十三版)(中国版)教师用书Chapter_1_Speaking_in_Public
Chapter 1 Speaking in Public（教师用书持续更新中……）Section One: Chapter Teaching GuidePART ONE: TEACHING OBJECTIVES在学完这一章后，学生应该能够：•讨论演讲作为一门研究领域的悠久历史。
•解释跨文化交流的含义和实际应用。
•解释演讲与批判性思维之间的关系。
•识别演讲和日常会话之间的相同点和不同点。
•解释演讲交流的过程和要素。
PART TWO: TEACHING SUGGESTIONS纵观历史，人们始终把演讲当成重要的交流工具。
在当今世界，很多人也都通过演讲来传播他们的思想和影响。
有些学生可能会认为英语演讲距离自己的实际生活比较遥远，因为自己既不打算做外交官，也不想从事其他的涉外工作。
教师应该强调，随着全球化进程日益加速，今后从事各行各业的中国大学生都会或多或少地在工作或生活中用到英语演讲。
事实上，即便是还没有走向工作岗位的在校大学生也会有很多需要用到英语演讲的机会。
以下面的一些场景为例：场景一：学校请来的一位外籍教师对中国的很多习俗和文化理念都不了解，因此在所授课的班上经常会闹出一些误会和笑话。
有良好英语演讲能力的学生能够当众帮助这位外籍教师避免这些不必要的误会和笑话。
场景二：一个大型的国际活动正在选拔一批大学生志愿者。
选拔测试的一项主要内容是要求申请者用英语向选拔委员会陈述自己希望入选的原因以及自己的入选资格和条件。
英语演讲能力较强的申请者更有可能入选。
场景三：一位大四学生在一家国有企业实习期间接到一项临时任务，代替突然生病的主讲人向一组前来洽谈业务的外商介绍本企业刚刚推出的一个新产品。
由于这位实习生在英语演讲课上曾受过很系统的训练，加上实习期间对企业产品的了解，所以很圆满地完成了这项任务，得到了企业领导的赞扬。
很多研究报告表明，即便是在高度专业的领域，雇主在确定招聘或升职的人选时也会坚持将雇员的语言交流能力列为最重要或是近乎最重要的技能。
lecture 1-speaking in public
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situation
The time and place in which speech communication occurs. e.g. funerals church services graduation ceremonies indoors outdoors a small classroom a densely packed crowd a handful of scattered souls
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occasion 2 One of your children has a learning disability. You hear that your local school board has decided, for budget reasons, to eliminate the special teacher who has been helping your child. At an open meeting of the school board, you stand up and deliver a thoughtful, compelling speech on the necessity for keeping the special teacher. The school board changes its mind.
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What is public speaking?
Public speaking, as its name implies, is a way of making your ideas public—of sharing them with other people and of influencing other people.
TheArtofPublicSpeakingChapter1
TheArtofPublicSpeakingChapter1The Art of Public SpeakingCHAPTER 01 ACQUIRING CONFIDENCE BEFORE AN AUDIENCE Students of public speaking continually ask, "How can I overcome self-consciousness and the fear that paralyzes me before an audience?"Face an audience as frequently as you can. You can never attain freedom from stage-fright by reading a treatise. A book may give you excellent suggestions on how best to conduct yourself in the water, but sooner or later you must get wet, perhaps even strangle and be "half scared to death." There are a great many "wetless" bathing suits worn at the seashore, but no one ever learns to swim in them. T o plunge is the only way.Practise, practise, practise in speaking before an audience will tend to remove all fear of audiences, just as practise in swimming will lead to confidence and facility in the water. You must learn to speak by speaking.All we can do here is to offer you suggestions as to how best to prepare for your plunge. The real plunge no one can take for you. A doctor may prescribe, but you must take the medicine.Do not be disheartened if at first you suffer from stage-fright. For one reason or another, some master-speakers never entirely overcome stage-fright, but it will pay you to spare no pains to conquer it. One way to get air out of a glass is to pour in water.B e Absorbed by Your SubjectIf you feel deeply about your subject you will be able to think of little else. Concentration is a process of distraction from less important matters. It is too late to think about the cut of your coat when once you are upon the platform, so centre yourinterest on what you are about to say--fill your mind with your speech-material and, like the infilling water in the glass, it will drive out your unsubstantial fears.Self-consciousness is undue consciousness of self, and, for the purpose of delivery, self is secondary to your subject, not only in the opinion of the audience, but, if you are wise, in your own. To hold any other view is to regard yourself as an exhibit instead of as a messenger with a message worth delivering.Far worse than self-consciousness through fear of doing poorly is self-consciousness through assumption of doing well. The first sign of greatness is when a man does not attempt to look and act great.Nothing advertises itself so thoroughly as conceit. One may be so full of self as to be empty. Voltaire said, "We must conceal self-love." But that can not be done. You know this to be true, for you have recognized overweening self-love in others. If you have it, others are seeing it in you. There are things in this world bigger than self, and in working for them self will be forgotten, or--what is better--remembered only so as to help us win toward higher things.H ave Something to SayThe trouble with many speakers is that they go before an audience with their minds a blank. It is no wonder that nature, abhorring a vacuum, fills them with the nearest thing handy, which generally happens to be, "I wonder if I am doing this right! How does myhair look? I know I shall fail." Their prophetic souls are sure to be right.It is not enough to be absorbed by your subject--to acquire self-confidence you must have something in which to beconfident. If you go before an audience without any preparation, or previous knowledge of your subject, you ought to be self-conscious--you ought to be ashamed to steal the time of your audience. Prepare yourself. Know what you are going to talk about, and, in general, how you are going to say it. Have the first few sentences worked out completely so that you may not be troubled in the beginning to find words. Know your subject better than your hearers know it, and you have nothing to fear.A fter Preparing for Success, Expect ItLet your bearing be modestly confident, but most of all be modestly confident within. Over-confidence is bad, but to tolerate premonitions of failure is worse, for a bold man may win attention by his very bearing, while a rabbit-hearted coward invites disaster.Washington Irving once introduced Charles Dickens at a dinner given in the latter's honor. In the middle of his speech Irving hesitated, became embarrassed, and sat down awkwardly. Turning to a friend beside him he remarked, "There, I told you I would fail, and I did." If you believe you will fail, there is no hope for you. You will.A ssume Mastery Over Your AudienceIn public speech, as in electricity, there is a positive and a negative force. Either you or your audience are going to possess the positive factor. If you assume it you can almost invariably make it yours. If you assume the negative you are sure to be negative. Assuming a virtue or a vice vitalizes it. Summon all your power of self-direction, and remember that though your audience is infinitely more important than you, the truth is more important than both of you, because it is eternal. If your mind falters in its leadership the sword will drop from your hands. Yourassumption of being able to instruct or lead or inspire a multitude or even a small group of people may appall you as being colossal impudence--as indeed it may be; but having once essayed to speak, be courageous. BE courageous--it lies within you to be what you will.M AKE yourself be calm and confidentReflect that your audience will not hurt you.In facing your audience, pause a moment and look them over--a hundred chances to one they want you to succeed, for what man is so foolish as to spend his time, perhaps his money, in the hope that you will waste his investment by talking dully?C oncluding HintsDo not make haste to begin--haste shows lack of control.Do not apologize. It ought not to be necessary; and if it is, it will not help. Go straight ahead.Take a deep breath, relax, and begin in a quiet conversational tone as though you were speaking to one large friend. You will not find it half so bad as you imagined; really, it is like taking a cold plunge: after you are in, the water is fine. In fact, having spoken a few times you will even anticipate the plunge with exhilaration. To stand before anaudience and make them think your thoughts after you is one of the greatest pleasures you can ever know. Instead of fearing it, you ought to be as anxious as the fox hounds straining at their leashes, or the race horses tugging at their reins.So cast out fear, for fear is cowardly--when it is not mastered. The bravest know fear, but they do not yield to it. Face your audience pluckily--if your knees quake, MAKE them stop. In your audience lies some victory for you and the cause you represent. Go win it. The world owes its progress to the men who have dared,and you must dare to speak the effective word that is in your heart to speak--for often it requires courage to utter a single sentence. But remember that men erect no monuments and weave no laurels for those who fear to do what they can.No one doubts that temperament and nerves and illness and even praiseworthy modesty may, singly or combined, cause the speaker's cheek to blanch before an audience, but neither can any one doubt that coddling will magnify this weakness. The victory lies in a fearless frame of mind.。
The Art of Public Speaking
Developing confidence
One of the major concerns of students in any speech class is stage fright.
If you are worried about stage fright, you may feel better knowing that you are not alone.
Similarities between public speaking and conversation
1. Organizing your thoughts logically.
2. Tailoring your message to your audience 3. Telling a story for maximum impact 4. Adapting to listener feedback
Situation
The time and place in which speech communication occurs
Listening
Listening is important Listening and critical thinking Four cases of poor listening How to become a better listener
Verbal message
Narrow your topic down Do research and choose supporting details to make your ideas clear and convincing Organize your ideas so listeners can follow them without getting lost Express your message in words that are accurate, clear, vivid, and appropriate
publicspeaking公共演讲
publicspeaking公共演讲第一篇：public speaking 公共演讲The hardworking blacksmith used to work all day in his shop and he was so hard-working that at times he would make the sparks fly from his hammer.The son of Mr.Smith, a rich neighbor, used to come to see the blacksmith every day.And for hours and hours he would enjoy watching how the man worked.“Young man, why don't you try to learn to make shoe tacks, even if it is only to pass the time?” The blacksmith asked, “One day, it may help you.”The lazy boy began to see what he could do.But after a little practice, he found that he was becoming very skilled and soon he could make some of the finest tacks.Old Mr.Smith died and the son lost all his goods because of the war.He had to leave home and was forced to take up residence in anothercountry.It happened in this village, there were numerous shoemakers.They were spending a lot of money to buy tacks for their shoes.Although they paid high prices, they were not always able to get what they wanted, because in that part of the country there was a high demand for soldier shoes.Our young Mr.Smith, who was finding it difficult to earn his daily bread, remembered that once upon a time he had learned the art of making tacks.He had the sudden idea of making a bargain with the shoemakers.He told them that he would make the tacks if they would help to get him settled in his own workshop.The shoemakers were only too glad of the offer.And after a while, Mr.Smith found that he was soon making the finest tacks in the village.“How funny it seems,” he used to say, “Even making tacks can bring a fortune.My trade is more useful to me than all my former riches.”If the young Smith refused to learn to make tacks, this tiring skill when he was rich, how can he keep alive while he lost everything?A small decision may change your life.第二篇：公共演讲Hello teacher, my topic today is about reading style, between paper books and computer.Some say “we are in the age of the internet, reading paper books don’t seem as important as it was once.” I don’t agree with the sentence.In my opinion internet and paper books are just like tea and coffee.They are similar with each other.Though, more and more people like to use the internet nowadays, its make things easier.Just like this, I want to prepare my public-speaking-examination;I can open my computer searc h for “public speaking articles” I will get millions of articles at one second.Then I can choose whichever one I like to use.If I want to prepare it in the library, all the books come out and I have to choose one I like, it needs a lot of time.Maybe you ca n say at this moment, “Oh, Internet is better, books are no use.” So I have to use Internet.But let's see things in another way.I love traveling a lot.I have much time spend on a bus or plane.I always bring a book with me, I can reading my books when I was having my trip on a bus or on a plane.Actually, whenever it is, wherever you go, whatever you are doing, you can take out a book and read if you feel like doing so.Now who will bother to take a computer and switch it on, search for the Internet, connect, and looking for stories to read.Nobody will do that.Also, when you read a book, you can see every word of it, you can read it slowly, and you can read and think with the development of the story.When you focus on a computer, we tend to read very fast and just know the frame, no details left.Ican’t answer which reading style is better, just like what I have said, it is a question about coffee and tea.Different people have different choice.I just want to remind everyone of this”don’t forget paper books” it i s still very important nowadays, which should have its own position.After all, paper books have a much longer history than the computer;the internet is just like a baby when facing paper books.If you want to search something quick just like news, lists, common senses and so on.The computer can be the best choice, if you just want to read a book and want to have a deep understanding of it, please get a paper book, find a good place, sit down, and read slowly.I am sure you will start a wonderful trip.That’s a ll, thank you!第三篇：公共关系学演讲老师，同学大家好。
第一次做公共演讲英语作文
第一次做公共演讲英语作文My First Public Speech.In the realm of personal growth and development, few experiences can match the challenge and sense of achievement derived from delivering a public speech. My journey to standing before a crowd, voice trembling yet resolute, was a path fraught with self-doubt and eventual empowerment. It was a test of courage, a leap into the unknown, and a transformative moment that remains etched in my memory.The prospect of my first public speech loomed large in my imagination. It was a requirement for a class project, and the stakes felt unexpectedly high. The fear of failure, the dread of public scrutiny, and the nagging question of "What if I forget my lines?" swirled in my mind like a vortex of anxiety. Yet, I knew that this was an opportunity to overcome a long-standing fear and to push the boundaries of my comfort zone.Preparing for the speech was a rigorous process. I spent countless hours researching, outlining, and refining my topic. I practiced in front of mirrors, recorded myself, and even delivered mock speeches to my family and friends. Each time, I noticed improvements, but the butterflies in my stomach never fully subsided.The day of the speech dawned bright and clear, but my nerves were anything but. As I walked into the auditorium, the buzz of conversation and the expectant.。
做一次公众演讲英语作文
做一次公众演讲英语作文Public speaking is an essential skill that can open doors to numerous opportunities. However, it is also a daunting task for many, as standing in front of a crowd to deliver a speech requires confidence, clarity, and preparation. In this article, we will explore the challenges of public speaking and how to overcome them to deliver an effective and engaging presentation.The first challenge of public speaking is the fear of speaking in front of a crowd. This fear, known as glossophobia, is very common and can be overcome with practice and preparation. To overcome this fear, it is important to remember that most people are rooting for the speaker to succeed. It is also helpful to visualize the crowd as friends or colleagues who are interested in hearing the message. Additionally, preparing a well-structured speech with clear opening and closing statements can boost confidence and make the speaker feel more in control.Another challenge of public speaking is keeping the audience engaged. It is crucial to connect with theaudience by using relatable examples, humor, and stories to illustrate points. Using visual aids like slides or charts can also help to keep the audience interested. Furthermore, varying the pace and tone of the speech can keep the audience engaged and prevent boredom.Moreover, it is important to remember that public speaking is a two-way communication. The speaker should be open to feedback and questions from the audience. This not only encourages interaction but also demonstrates the speaker's willingness to engage with the crowd and learn from their feedback.Lastly, it is essential to practice the speech multiple times before delivering it in front of a crowd. This helps to familiarize oneself with the content, timing, and delivery. Practicing in front of a mirror or a small group of friends can also help to identify and correct any issues with posture, facial expressions, or tone.In conclusion, public speaking is a challenging but rewarding skill. By overcoming the initial fear of speaking in front of a crowd, keeping the audience engaged, beingopen to feedback, and practicing regularly, anyone can deliver an effective and engaging public speech.**公众演讲的挑战**公众演讲是一项可以开启众多机会的关键技能。
英语演讲Unit-1-Introducing-Public-Speaking
Unit 1 Introducing Public Speaking
3. Types of Public Speaking
focus, inductive and deductive
Unit 1 Introducing Public Speaking
3. Types of Public Speaking
Four types of public speaking: 1) Informative 2) Persuasive 3) Ceremonial 4) Extemporaneous
Unit 1 Introducing Public Speaking
2. Why Learn Public Speaking?
Five reasons for English majors 1) To enhance students’ language proficiency
and presentation skills; 2) To boost up self-confidence of students and
Public Speaking
Unit 1 Introducing Public Speaking
Contents
1. What is public speaking? 2. Why learn public speaking? 3. Types of public speaking
Unit 1 Introducing Public Speaking
speaking in the public is作文
speaking in the public is作文Speaking in public is most people's least favorite thing. The reason is that we're all afraid of making fools of ourselves. The more important the speech is, the more frightened we become.But stop biting your finger-nails. Public speaking is easy. It's just plain talking, and you talk all the time. Although I'm basically shy(honest!), I've been making speeches and talking on radio and television for more than 30 years, and I can tell you that public speaking is not a "gift" like musical talent or being able to draw. Anybody who can talk can speak in public. Here are some of the lessons I have learned:Keep it simple.Your audience is going to come away with one or two of your main ideas. One or two. Not ten or 20. If you can't express in a sentence or two what you intend to get across, then your speech is not focused well enough. And if you don't have a clear idea of what you want to say, there's no way your audience will.Get organized.No matter how long or short your speech is, you've got to get your ducks in a row―how you're going to open, what major points you want to make and how you're going to close.When I do a radio or TV piece, I often write the last sentence first. When you know where you're headed, you can choose any route to get there. A strong close is critical: the last thing you say is what your audience will most likely remember.Keep it short.The standard length of a vaudeville act was 12 minutes. If all those troupers singing and dancing their hearts out couldn't go on longer without boring the audience, what makes you think you can?。
speaking in the public作文80字
speaking in the public作文80字There will always be many first times in our life, including the first time to perform on stage, the first time to do exercises on stage, and the first time to dance on stage... Today, I will tell you about my first time on stage!"Ding Ding..." after class, the teacher asked me to speak on stage. My heart was like a little rabbit jumping around. I clenched my hands, stamped my feet, and got up to the podium. When I went to the podium and was ready to speak, my mouth opened and I couldn't speak. "Look, she's shaking, hahaha..." the next burst of laughter, "stop arguing, stop arguing, who's not nervous about speaking on stage for the first time? Everyone give her encouragement!" My hands were clinging to the corners of my clothes, and my sweat kept dripping. After a long time, I raised my head slightly, stared at the ceiling, and hesitated. When I say it, I can't help but like to grab my clothesFinally, I'm finished. As soon as I finished speaking, I looked down at my clothes and shoes and ran down the platform with a"Hoo". When I returned to my seat, I was still shaking, and the little rabbit in my heart was still jumping. I was thinking: what would the teacher say? Will the teacher stop letting me speak? However, the teacher said, "Zheng Jingyan overcame her inner difficulties and made a successful speech. Let's give her a round of applause!" The students smiled and opened bright and beautiful flowers one by one.I was as happy as everyone else, because I overcame the difficulties in my heart.Today, I came to the stage to make a speech and let me know: as long as the first step is taken, there will be the second step, the third step...我们人生总会有许多个第一次，有第一次上台表演，第一次上台做题目，第一次上台跳舞……今天，我就给大家讲讲我第一次上台的事吧！“叮叮叮……”上课了，老师点我上台演讲，我的心里像揣了一只小兔子，跳来跳去的。