学术英语如何写好摘要How-to-Write-an-Abstract

III. Contents of abstract






Topic specification 主题说明 Background information 背景信息 Purpose statement 目的陈述 Methodology and data 方法与数据 Results/findings 研究结果 Implication/Conclusion 结论
Structure of an informative abstract



Background – why do you wห้องสมุดไป่ตู้nt to do the research? Research question – what question are you trying to answer and what is the research topic of your paper? Method – how (what material, what method, and what procedures) do you get answers to your research question? Results – what is your answer to the question? Conclusions – what implications does the answer imply?
II. What is the function of an abstract ?
An abstract is used by potential readers（潜在读者） to determine its relevance to their interest and finally to decide whether or not he/she needs to read the entire paper.
How to Write an Abstract
contents
I. II. III. IV. Definition of abstract Function of abstract Contents of abstract Suggestions for abstract writing V. Keywords writing
Useful EXPRESSIONS
To DEFINE the background and argument of the present study Although (the research subject)…, (the related problem)… is as yet undetermined. (The research subject)…, however, (the related problem)… remains unsolved. (Previous studies) have examined…, (the related problem) is that…, despite… (Problems in certain research area) are…, yet (the present solution) has frequently been questioned because…
The 3 Key Elements in an Abstract A. The statement of purpose about your research; B. The method of your research; C. The conclusion of your research.
STRUCTURE of Abstract


Classification of abstracts Structure of an informative abstract Features of an abstract
Classification of abstracts


informative abstract - the primary research objective or purpose - method employed in solving the problems - principal findings or results - major conclusions and serves as a substitute for the full paper descriptive abstract outlines the topics covered in the paper and is like a table of contents in paragraph form.
I. What is an abstract ?
Abstract is a short description of the entire paper that appears right at the beginning of the body part and it is often regarded as the most important component in a research paper.
Features of an abstract



Concise – write everything relevant to the paper in as simple terms as possible. Objective – states objectively the main points of the paper. Consistent – be consistent with the other parts of the whole paper, and never include what has not been mentioned in the paper. Complete – cover all the main points of the paper and be a miniature of the paper. Brief – conveys in as few words as possible the essential information contained in the body of the paper.