英语语法:不定式一般式用法
中学英语语法讲义:不定式
中学英语语法讲义:不定式
一、概说
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,它通常由不定式符号to + 动词原形构成,但有时to也可省略(省略to的不定式叫不带to的不定式,与动词原形同形)。动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的功能,在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等,但不能用作谓语(故称不定式为非谓语动词)。不定式可以有不同的时态(如进行式、完成式等)和语态(主动语态和被动语态)。
二、不定式的否定式
1.不定式的否定式的构成
通常是将否定词not或never置于不定式之前,即构成not to do 或never to do 的形式,注意not和never 一定要放在不定式符号to的前面,而不是其后面。如:
The doctor advised me not to smoke. 医生劝我不要抽烟。
Father warned me never to drive after drinking. 父亲警告我不要酒后开车。
注:若不定式为完成式和被动式,否定词应置于整个结构之前:
She pretended not to have seen him. 她假装没看见他。
It is nice not to be dependent on others. 不依靠别人是好的。
2. so as to do sth 和in order to do sth 的否定式
对于这两个结构的否定式,通常是将否定词置于不定式符号to之前,而不是置于整个结构之前或其他位置:
Study hard so as not to fail the exam. 努力学习,以免考试不及格。
高中英语“非谓语动词”语法知识总结与练习
Having hadmy supper, I went out for a walk.
= AfterIhad had my supper,Iwent….
3.现在分词的被动式(being done):
16.As ajournalistyou should first decided what events _____ before you make some interviews.
A. reportedB. to reportC. to be reportedD. reporting
A. not takeB. not to takeC. not takingD. not to taking
14.Ireally appreciate ______ to help me, butIam sure thatIwill be able to manage bymyself.
A. you to offerB. your offeringC. that you offerD. that you are offering
A. agreedherto stayB. permitted her stay
C. let her stayingD. approve of her staying
非谓语动词的种类和用法
非谓语动词的种类和用法
非谓语动词是指不具备主谓关系,不能独立构成句子谓语的动词形式。在英语语法中,非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种
形式。本文将详细介绍这三种非谓语动词的种类和用法。
一、动词不定式(Infinitive)
动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,可以用作名词、形容词或副词。不定式常用作下列几种形式:
1. 作主语:动词不定式可以作为句子的主语,如:
To learn a foreign language is not easy.(学一门外语并不容易。)
2. 作宾语:动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语,如:
She wants to visit her grandmother.(她想去看望她的祖母。)
3. 作补语:动词不定式可以作为一些动词的补语,如:
He made her laugh.(他让她笑了。)
4. 作定语:动词不定式可以修饰名词,如:
This is a good book to read.(这是一本好书可以读。)
5. 作状语:动词不定式可以表示目的、结果、原因等,如:
She studied hard to pass the exam.(她努力学习以通过考试。)
二、动名词(Gerund)
动名词是将动词加上-ing构成的名词形式。动名词常用作下列几种
形式:
1. 作主语:动名词可以作为句子的主语,如:
Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益。)
2. 作宾语:动名词可以作为及物动词的宾语,如:
I enjoy reading novels.(我喜欢读小说。)
高中英语语法:不定式和现在分词
不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。如:
It’s nice of you to be helping us these days.你真好,这些天一直帮我们。
He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully.他假装在认真地
进行式
to be doing
/
完成进行式
to have been doing
/
1不定式的一般式
不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。如:
They invited us to go there this summer.他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。He stood aside for me to pass.他站到一边让我通过。
On hearing the news, he didn't know whether to laugh or to cry.
听到这个消息,他不知道该哭还是该笑。
When to hold the meeting has not decided.什么时候开会还没有决定。
The most important problem is how to get so much money.
最重要的事情是如何搞到这么多钱。
英语语法_不定式
• 2)vt. + it + adj./n.(宾语补足语) + to do • I think it impossible to get him to change his mind. • He has _m__a_d_e_i_t_a__r_u_l_e_t_o__d_r_i_n_k__a_g_l_a_s_s_o_f__c_o_ld__b_o_i_l_e_d
• =You were wise to follow the doctor’s advice.
• (2)作表语: 联系动词+ to do
• 1)Her job now is to clean the hall.
• 2)He seems ______B______ something disgraceful(不光 彩的), for him looks so nervous.
• 据说他被警察带走了。
• He is said _t_o_h_a_v_e_b_e_e_n__ta_k_e_n__a_w_a_y__b_y_t_h_e_p_o_l_ic_e_._.
• 不定式的句法功能: 1)作主语:
• To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. • 眼见为实。__t_o_s_e_e__is__t_o_b_e_l_i_e_v_e___. • 2)常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例
高中英语英语语法动词不定式总结的归纳总结
一.动词不定式的特征和种类
动词不定式由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成。在某些情况下,to 也可以省略。动词不定式有一些形式的变化,见下表(以do 为例)
主动式被动式一般式
to do to be done
进行式to be doing 无
完成式to have done to have been done
完成进行式
to have been doing
无
A.不定式的一般式
不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在
它之后发生。He appears to be very happy.
他看起来好象很高兴。(同时发生)To catch the train ,we ’d better hurry to the station by taxi.为了赶上火车,我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。
(to catch the train 发生在hurry to the station 之后.)
B.不定式的进行式
不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。It happens t o be raining when I got there. 我到达那里的时候,天碰巧下雨。I ’m glad to be travelling with you. 我很高兴和你一起旅游。
C .不定式的完成式
不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前。
I ’m sorry to have lost your key.
我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄没了。
I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn ’t feel very well.
高中英语 英语语法动词不定式总结的归纳总结
一.动词不定式的特征和种类
动词不定式由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成。在某些情况下,to 也可以省略。
A. 不定式的一般式
不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。
He appears to be very happy. 他看起来好象很高兴。(同时发生)
To catch the train ,we’d better hurry to the station by taxi. 为了赶上火车,我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。 (to catch the train 发生在hurry to the station 之后.)
B. 不定式的进行式
不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。 It happens to be raining when I got there. 我到达那里的时候,天碰巧下雨。 I’m glad to be travelling with you. 我很高兴和你一起旅游。
C .不定式的完成式
不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前。 I’m sorry to have lost your key. 我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄没了。
I meant to have finished my work last night , but I didn’t feel very well. 我本来想昨晚完成工作的,但是我觉得身体不舒服。
It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country. 对我来说,应邀来你们国家是一件很荣耀的事。
高考英语语法:动词不定式todo的各种时态语态用法详解
高考英语语法:动词不定式todo的各种时态语态用法详解
1.概述
动词不定式to do是动词的一种非谓语形式,在句中不能单独作谓语。动词不定式具有动词的
性质,它可以有自己的宾语和状语,从而构成动词不定式短语。它还可以有形式的变化,即
一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行时,主动式和被动式。同时,动词不定式也具有非动
词的性质,相当于一个名词、形容词或副词,可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表
语、定语和状语。
2. 动词不定式的构成
动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成,在某些情况下to 也可省略。
主动形式被动形式否定式
一般式to do/ to be done/ not to do/ not to be done
进行式to be doing/ not to be doing
完成式to have done/ to have been done/ not to have (been) done
完成进行式to have been doing/ not to have been doing
2.1不定式的一般式
to do/ to be done
not to do/ not to be done
不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后
发生。
He appears to be very happy. 他看起来好像很高兴。(同时发生)To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.
为了赶上火车,我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。(赶火车发生在
英语语法7.不定式
• • • •
He did not mean to hurt you. 他不是有意要伤害你。 This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了这种病就意味着要住院。 mean 后接不定式表示打算做某事,后接动名词 表示意味着做某事。
2. • I find it hard to get along with him. • Have you decided when to marry? • Last summer I took a course on how to make dresses.
• 在plan,hope,expect, mean, intend等动词过 去时的后边用完成式的不定式动词,则表示过去 没有实现的愿望、期待或计划等,“本希望/计划/想 /打算……”。 • We planed to have made this experiment yesterday. • 我们本来计划昨天做这个实验。(实际上昨天没 有做这个实验。) • I meant to have telephoned, but I forgot. • =I had meant to telephone…
• 完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动 作之前。如: • I'm sorry to have kept you waiting. • This machine is said to have been tested. • 据说已经对这台机器进行了实验。 • The test was known to have been going on for three years. • 据悉这项实验已进行了三年。
高中英语语法系列谓语动词
非谓语动词补充材料
1.不定式的构成
不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成,在某些情况下to也可省略。不定式一般
主动式被动式
一般式to do to be done
完成式to have done to have been done
进行式to be doing /
完成进行式to have been doing / 1)
不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。如:They invited us to go there this summer. 他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。
He stood aside for me to pass. 他站到一边让我通过。
2)不定式的完成式
不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语,有时也可作主语、定语等。如:
She seemed to have heard about this matter. 她似乎已听说过这件事。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 我很抱歉让你等了这么久。
I meant to have told you about it, but I happened to have an important thing to do.
我本来想告诉你这件事的,但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。
It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.
不定式的用法和动词不定式的时态
不定式的用法和动词不定式的时态动词不定式是英语语法中的一种形式,它由不定式标志to加上动词的原形构成。不定式在句子中可以充当名词、形容词或副词,具有一定的时态和语态。
一、不定式的基本用法
1. 作主语:动词不定式可以在句子中作主语,表示某种动作、状态或观点。
- To learn a foreign language is important.
- To be honest is always appreciated.
2. 作宾语:动词不定式可以作及物动词的宾语,表示及物动词的动作或含义。
- I want to travel around the world.
- She decided to quit her job.
3. 作表语:动词不定式可以作系动词的表语,表示主语的身份、职业、特点等。
- Her dream is to become a doctor.
- The important thing is to keep calm in any situation.
4. 作定语:动词不定式可以修饰名词或代词,表示名词或代词的用途、目的等。
- I have a book to read.
- We have a meeting to attend tomorrow.
5. 作状语:动词不定式可以在句中作状语,表示目的、原因、结果、时间等。
- He exercises every day to stay healthy. (目的)
- She cried so hard as to lose her voice. (结果)
动词不定式九年级英语语法详解
6.___ a living, she had to work from
morning till night.
A.To make B. Made
C. Making
作主语
1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。
To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.
2. 放弃吸烟是对的。
To give up smoking is right.
作表语
1. 我的工作是教英语。
My job is to teach English.
It is foolish to do that sort of thing.
1. To be here at Christmas time is my dream. →It is my dream to be
here at Christmas time. 2. To go abroad is his dream.
2. 他答应不告诉任何人这事。
He promised not to tell anyone about it.
warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等
英语语法学习:不定式时态的用法
英语语法学习:不定式时态的用法
:不定式时态的用法有哪些,在什么情况下使用呢?下面我们一起看看这篇《不定式时态的用法》。
1)不定式的一般时:
不定式的一般时用得最多,在时间上它主要表示将来,即它发生的时间在前一个动词(谓语动词)后面,只有极少数场合(表示原因时)表示发生在谓语动词之前或与谓语动词同时,或者基本同时。
She came to learn Chinese.
她来学中文。
(came发生在前,to learn发生在后)
Let me ask him to come.
我叫他来。
(先ask,后to come)
I am sorry to hear that.
听到这话我很难过。
(先to hear,后感到sorry)
2)不定式的进行时
不定式的进行时可以表示将来、同时两种时间,妈表示该动作发生在谓语动作后面或者同一时间。
She pretended to be listening attentively.
她假装在认真地听。
(“假装”和“听”同时发生)
They didn’t expect us to be arguing so heatedly.
他们没想到我们会在激烈地争论。
(to be arguing发生在expect后面)
The two appeared to be imitating each other.
两人显得在相互模仿。
(“模仿”与“显得”同时发生)
3)不定式的完成时
不定式的完成时表示动作发生在谓语动作(或者状态)之前。
He felt very lucky to have left the house before the fire.
英语语法_不定式
• 2)vt. + it + adj./n.(宾语补足语 + to do 宾语补足语) 宾语补足语 • I think it impossible to get him to change his mind. made it a rule to drink a glass of cold boiled • He has _________________________________________ water each morning . 每天早晨喝杯冷开水的习惯 ______ _______________(每天早晨喝杯冷开水的习惯 。 每天早晨喝杯冷开水的习惯)。 • 3)介词 (to) do 介词+ 介词 • I have no choice but to stay here. B • He did nothing but ______ last Sunday. A. to surf the Internet B. play online games C. chatting online D. to watch online films
• 如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词: 如果不定式修饰 ,可以省略介词: • He has no place to live. This is the best way to work out this problem. • have sth to do与have sth to be done: 与 • I can’t go home now because I have another document _______ for the manager. A The secretary asked the manager if he had any more documents ________. C • A. to type B. typed C. to be typed D. typed • ②说明所修饰名词的内容: 说明所修饰名词的内容: We have made a plan to finish the work. • 要是我有机会去太空旅行该多好! 要是我有机会去太空旅行该多好! If only I would have a chance to travel in space! _________________________________________.
英语语法精讲:不定式
不定式既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词,形容词和副词的句法功能
否定式:not +不定式
不定式的时态
一般说来,不定式一般式表示的动作有时与限定动词表示的动作同时发生,也有时发生在限定动词表示的动作之后。如:
Who heard him say that?
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again.
不定式进行式表示动作正在进行,通常与限定动词表示的动作同时发生,如:
They are said to be building another bridge across the river.
I happened to be going that way too.
不定式完成式表示的动作发生在限定动词表示的动作之前,如:
I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.
I am glad to have seen your mother.
不定式的句法功能
(1)作主语
To talk with him is a great pleasure.
不定式短语作主语时,为了保持句子的平衡,往往以it作形式主语,而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后,如:
It’s nice to hear your voice.
(2)作表语
Her wish is to become an artist.
(3)作宾语
常用于及物动词: want , hope, wish, like, need, hate, offer, prefer, begin, start, attempt, decide, determine, expect, promise, pretend, refuse ,afford, ma nage, help等之后,如:
英语语法:不定式表动作,动词-ing式指一般情况
英语语法:不定式表动作,动词-ing式指一般情况
上几期学习了为什么单词都认识,但还是看不懂句子? 本期学习英语语法:不定式表动作,动词-ing式指一般情况。
动词-ing形式是一种非谓语形式,其可以在句子中充当除谓语动词以外的多种成分。
2.某些能兼以不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语的动词用法
2)不定式多表示具体的动作,而动词-ing形式多指一般情况,表示泛指。比如:
He would like to listen to pop music for a while.
他想听一会儿流行音乐。
He likes listening to pop music.
他喜欢听流行音乐。
She would love to invite her friends to her house next Sunday.
她邀请她的朋友下星期天到她家来。
She loves inviting her friends to her house on Sundays.
她喜欢在星期天邀请她的朋友到她家来。
I’d prefer to take photos rather than draw pictures today.
今天我更愿意摄影不画画。
I prefer taking photos to drawing pictures. 比起画画我更喜欢摄影。
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英语语法:不定式一般式用法
导读:本文英语语法:不定式一般式用法,仅供参考,如果觉得很不错,欢迎点评和分享。
(1) 一是表示将来,即表示发生在谓语动作之后的动作。如:
We decided to leave early. 我们决定早点动身。
He asked me to buy him some paper. 他叫我给他买些纸。
We expect him to come in time. 我们希望他能及时来。
(2) 表示与谓语动作同时发生或略先于谓语动作的动作。如:
He seems to be tired. 他似乎累了。
Who heard him say that? 是谁听到他这样说的?
I’m sorry to hear that. 听到这事我很难过。(to hear 略先于am sorry)