20050530 Control for Wind Turbine [English][Old]

•
Presentation: results may be presented graphically and can be combined into a word
– processor compatible report.
D-2: Hardware
• Sensors: Eye & Ear
– Speed, Current, Voltage, Force, Temperature, Frequency
D: How to Control?
• Control in Mind
– Mathematics Model
• Control by Machine
– Hardware
• Control by People
– Operation
D-1: Mathematics Model
• Create Model
D-1: Design Software
• Common:
– – – – Protel: for Circuits AutoCAD, Solid work: for structure MATLAB: for Science Compute Database: for Data Store and analysis
• Low Speed
– Max Output
• Medium Speed
– Stable Output
• High Speed
– Safety
• Integration
– Optimized Output
C: What to Control?
• Power—Main Loop • Safety • Secondary Parts
P=K*R^2*S ^3 uncontrolled
P=K*S* P=K*V* T C S,T<Ma x Cone
C-2: Safety
• Limits
– Wind Limits – Aerodynamics Limits : Speed, Angle… – Mechanics Limits: Force, Torque, Fatigue… – Electrics Limits: Voltage, Current, Temperature, Frequency…
• Wind Software
– BLADED – WT_Perf, YawDyn ,AeroDyn…
• Self Developed Software
– Visual C++, C++, Basic, Fortran…
D-1: BLADED by GH
• • Specification of all wind turbine parameters, wind inputs and load cases. Rapid calculation of steady-state performance characteristics, including:
• Drivers: Muscles
– Hydraulic, Motor, IGBT
• Network: Nerves
– Bus, I/O, Isolated Circuits, Elect magnetic Compatibility
• Computer: Brain
– Software: IQ and Experience – Database: Knowledge
A-2: Generator
• Input: Rotating Speed, Torque • Output: Current, Voltage, Frequency • Other Limits: Temperature • Control Point: No
– Permanent Magnetic – Direct Drive
Level:300
Control for Wind Turbine
--Robin ZHAO --Robin
Introduction
• A: Subsystem Control • B: Why need Control? • C: What to Control? • D: How to Control?
• Challenges:
– No Control, so Design is Important, Hard
A-3: Power Electronics
• Input: Current, Voltage, Frequency • Output: Current, Voltage, Frequency • Limits: IGBT limits Voltage & Frequency • Control Point: open/shut of IGBT • Challenges:
– Aerodynamic information – Performance coefficients – Power curves – Steady operating loads – Steady parked loads – • Dynamic simulations covering the following cases: – Normal running – Start-up – Normal and emergency shutdowns – Idling – Parked – Dynamic power curve
A-1: Aerodynamics
• Input: Wind Speed, Wind Direction • Output: Rotating Speed, Torque • Control Point
– Hydraulic ->Coning/Pitch
• Challenges:
– Unexpected Wind Speed: Turbulence – Uncertified Model: Coning model – Complex Model: Weight + Torque + Inertia Force + Centrifugal Force-Detecting – User Interface – Networks
B: Why need control?
• Possibility for Supplying Energy • Survive/Safe • Cost-Effective
– Maximize Effective – Minimize Cost
• Error Detecting
C-3: Secondary Parts
• Yaw System • Some Drivers
– Hydraulic Driver i.e.
• *Cooling System • User Interface Center • Other Sensors and Data Recorders • In fact, all parts maybe needs control
– Unsymmetrical IGBT performance – Output good enough for Utility Networks
A-4: Other subsystems
• Materials
– Maybe it needs some sensors
• Structure
– Sensors for structure and resonance
• User Interface Center: Talking to others
D-3: Operation
• Operation Rules & Training & Logs • Maintenance Rules & Training & Logs • Data Sampling and Record • Data Analysis
B: Wind
• Direction: Yaw System • Speed: Coning/ Pitch/ Stall..
– Mean Speed: Start-up, stop, Cut-in, Cut-out – Turbulence: Detecting
B: Ideal Power Output
C-1: Power -- Main Control
Wind Speed, Direction Rotor Speed, Torque Generato AC-DC-AC r Voltage, Current Voltage, Current, Frequenc y P=K*V*C V,F=const Open/Shu t
– – – – Understanding Equations, Limits, Parameters Data, Software (Matlab, Bladed) Information on Hardware is needed
• Analyze and Optimize Model
– System Structure and Main Factor – Optimize Destination & its Calculability – Control Method: PID, Self-adaptive, Fuzzy ..
– Online Analysis: Detecting – Offline Analysis: Optimizing Design
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Post-processing of results to obtain:
– – – – – – – – – – Basic statistics Periodic component analysis Probability density, peak value and level crossing analysis Spectral analysis Cross-spectrum, coherence and transfer function analysis Rain flow cycle counting and fatigue analysis Combinations of variables Annual energy yield Ultimate loads (identification of worst cases) Flicker severity