2006复旦大学考研有机化学真题及答案
化学类考研复旦大学邢其毅《基础有机化学》考研真题
化学类考研复旦大学邢其毅《基础有机化学》考研真题第一部分考研真题精选一、选择题1与亚硝酸反应能生成强烈致癌物N-亚硝基化合物的是（）。
[武汉大学2001研]A．伯胺B．仲胺C．叔胺D．都可以【答案】BXXXX【解析】仲胺与亚硝酸反应生成N-亚硝基化合物。
三级胺的N上无H，不能与亚硝酸反应。
2主要得到（）。
[武汉大学2002研]【答案】CXXXX【解析】季胺碱的Hofmann降解，主要消除酸性大、位阻小的β-H，得取代基最少的烯烃。
3丙酮、甲醛、二甲胺在中性或稍偏酸性的条件下缩合，主要产物是（）。
[武汉大学2002研]【答案】CXXXX【解析】含活泼α-H的丙酮与甲醛及二甲胺同时反应，丙酮中的一个活泼α-H被一个二甲胺甲基所取代。
4下面的化合物进行硝化反应的速度顺序是（）。
[华中科技大学2000研]A．（3）＞（4）＞（2）＞（1）B．（3）＞（2）＞（4）＞（1）C．（4）＞（2）＞（3）＞（1）D．（4）＞（3）＞（1）＞（2）【答案】AXXXX【解析】给电子基的给电子能力越强，苯环上的硝化反应越快；吸电子基的吸电子能力越强，硝化反应越慢。
5下列化合物中哪个碱性最强？（）[上海大学2003研]【答案】DXXXX【解析】从空间位阻考虑：（D）中由于二甲氨基体积较大，与邻位甲基存在较大的空间位阻，使氨基氮上的孤对电子与苯环不共轭，故氨基氮上的电子云密度较大，（D）的碱性最强。
6如果薁进行亲电取代反应，那么容易发生在哪些位置上呢？（）[上海大学2004研]A．1、2和3位B．1和3位C．5和7位D．4、6和8位【答案】BXXXX【解析】薁的五元环带负电荷，易受亲电试剂进攻，故亲电反应发生在五元环，同时亲电反应发生在1和3位时，活性中间体碳正离子较稳定。
7下列化合物有芳香性的是（）。
[华中科技大学2000研]【答案】B，CXXXX【解析】（B）项分子中有6个π电子，符合休克尔规则；（C）项中的七元环带一个单位正电荷，五元环带一个单位负电荷，这样七元环和五元环的π电子数都为6个，且在同一平面内，都符合休克尔规则。
复旦大学研究生有机化学
复旦大学研究生入学考试2006有机化学试题一、用1~2句话介绍下列几位科学家在有机化学领域所做的贡献（每小题2分，本题共10分）1．E.J.Corey （美国） 2. 黄鸣龙（中国）3．O.P.H.Diels 和K.Alder （德国）4.Robert H.Grubbs 和Richard R.Schrock （美国） 5．R.Noyori （日本）二、写出下列反应的主要产物，若有必要，请清晰、正确地表示出相应的立体化学特征。
（每小题3分，本题共45分）O+HOOHp －TsOH 1、H 3C+(CH 3CO)2O分子筛2、3、4、O+(EtO)22COOEtONaH(CH 3)3C CH=CH 21)Hg(OAc)2/H 2O 4-5、6、N+Me甲苯，110℃O7、8、m CPBA 3H 2LiAlHNH 2+H 2C=O9、CHO HO HH OH HOH CH 2OHNaCN 210、11、N+ClO 2NNO 21213、HCHO/HN(CH )N(CH 3)2H 2O 214、15、H 31) NaH OEtNBr+COOEtNa +三．请按照要求设计下列目标分子的合成路线（其它必须的无机、有机等试剂可任选）。
（每小题6分，共30分）CH 2ClHOCN 1、2、3、4、CHO O，Br OO OH ，COOEt COOEtO，5、OHCHO四．提出合理的反应机理解释下列转变。
（每小题7分，共28分）O PhKH18- crown-6THFPhOH1、2、3、OH+H2OHO OHOCH3OHCHO+CNNaOHOCH3OCN (CH3)2NH1) HCHO, NaCN2) H+(CH3)2N C CNHH4、五，结构确定和波谱解析. （本题共25分）某同学先用萘钾处理－丁内酯，再与碘乙烷处理，得到分子式为C6H10O2的液体化合物A。
OO H3C 1)K+2) CH3CH2IA请根据下列测试结果确定A的结构，并对所有的谱学数据进行归属。
各个重点大学考研有机化学真题试题及答案
考研有机化学试题及答案2010.3.13更新目录广告 (2)中国科学院 (3)2009 (3)2009答案 (7)中国科学技术大学&中科院合肥所 (13)2009 (13)2009标准答案 (18)东南大学 (25)2005 (25)2005详细答案 (27)杭州师范大学 (31)2009 (31)2008 (34)江苏大学2004 (38)南开大学2009参考答案 (44)青岛大学2009 (49)青岛科技大学 (55)2007 (55)2005 (59)山东科技大学 (63)2006 (63)2004 (68) (72)2006........................................................................................................天津工业大学2006 (76)浙江理工大学20092009........................................................................................................广告1推荐的教科书推荐高教、邢其毅的《基础有机化学》(第三版)，此书编的较好，内容略多，共上下两册，建议至少购买上册。
配套的习题解答不是很有必要买，然而你报考的院校推荐的教科书则非买不可，而且配套的习题解答也必须购买，因为那上面的习题很容易被出到。
其他的辅导书也可以根据需要购买。
2推荐的复习方法如果在考研复习之前没有系统地和高强度地复习过有机化学，那么就要分章节复习，等各个章节都复习过了之后，再开始做真题。
做真题时，做完后要仔细地对答案。
对于做错的题目，要知道自己错在哪，翻看教材的相关章节，保证以后不会因为这个知识点再丢分。
核对答案千万不能仅仅知道自己得了多少分，尤其是……选择题！3报考外校报考外校的考生，到考试时考场是报考单位安排的，但是住宿问题得自己解决。
复旦有机化学考试试题
复旦有机化学考试试题一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪个化合物属于烯烃？A. CH₃CH₃B. CH₂=CH₂C. CH₃OHD. CH₃CHO2. 在有机化学中，哪个术语描述的是具有相同分子式但不同结构的化合物？A. 同位素B. 同分异构体C. 同系物D. 同核体3. 以下哪个反应是亲电加成反应？A. 卤化B. 酯化C. 水解D. 消去4. 哪个反应条件最适合进行S_N2反应？A. 高温、极性溶剂B. 高温、非极性溶剂C. 低温、极性溶剂D. 低温、非极性溶剂5. 下列哪个化合物是手性的？A. CH₃CH₂CH₃B. CH₃CH(CH₃)₂C. CH₃CH₂OHD. CH₃CH(F)CH₂Br10. 以下哪个化合物可以发生克莱森重排？A. CH₃COCH₃B. CH₃CH₂COCH₃C. (CH₃)₃CCOCH₃D. CH₃COOCH₃二、简答题（每题5分，共30分）11. 解释什么是芳香性，并给出一个具有芳香性的化合物的例子。
12. 描述什么是碳正离子的稳定性，并举例说明哪些因素会影响其稳定性。
13. 什么是SN1和SN2反应机理？它们在反应条件和立体化学上有何不同？14. 解释什么是共振结构，并给出一个具有共振结构的有机化合物的例子。
15. 什么是Diels-Alder反应？请简要描述其机理。
16. 描述如何通过红外光谱（IR）确定一个未知有机化合物中是否存在羰基（C=O）。
三、合成题（每题10分，共20分）17. 设计一个合成路径，将苯转化为4-硝基苯甲酸。
18. 给出一个合成多巴胺（Dopamine）的合成路线，要求使用最简单的商业可得的起始原料。
四、机理题（每题15分，共30分）19. 写出下列反应的详细机理，包括中间体和过渡态。
CH₃Br + OH⁻ → CH₃OH + Br⁻20. 解释下列反应的立体化学，并给出可能的主要产物。
CH₃CH=CHBr + NaCN → （产物）五、实验题（每题10分，共20分）21. 描述如何使用核磁共振（NMR）谱图确定一个有机分子的结构。
大学化学自招,“强基计划”针对训练-2006年复旦大学自主招生化学真题
“强基计划”针对训练-2006年复旦大学自主招生化学真题1.2005年11月一度造成松花江水污染的化学物质是（）A.苯B.甲苯C.氯苯D.硝基苯2.已知2NO+O2=2NO2+114kJ，且不生成N2O4。
下列判断正确的是（）A.升温，反应速度变快B.加压，混合物颜色变浅C.加热，混合物颜色加深D.充入N2，NO转化率增大3.可用作核反应堆减速剂（也称慢化剂）的物质是（）A.HClB.H2OC.NaOHD.HNO34.烯烃C4H8混合气体经O3氧化并水解后生成0.60mol酮和1.80mol醛（其中HCHO 0.90mol），则原混合气体中，2-丁烯的体积分数为（）A.0.25B.0.33C.0.40D.0.505.化学式量：NaOH=40.0，Al(OH)3=78.0，Mg(OH)2=58.0。
含0.100mol Al3+和0.100mol Mg2+的酸性溶液中加入NaOH，产生沉淀4.524g。
沉淀所消耗的NaOH的质量至少为（）A.6.24gB.6.60gC.6.80gD.6.96g6.设空气中O2体积分数0.25。
N2体积分数0.75。
有水存在的条件下，氮的氧化物和一定量空气混合恰好完全反应，反应后气体体积减少一半。
则该氮的氧化物是（）A.NOB.NO2C.NO和NO2 2:1混合物D.NO和NO2 1:1混合物7.KCl、NaNO3、H2O为原料制取KNO3，合理的操作步骤为（）A.称量、溶解、蒸发、冷却、过滤、干燥B.称量、溶解、萃取、分液、蒸馏、干燥C.称量、溶解、蒸发、过滤、冷却、过滤、干燥D.称量、溶解、蒸发、冷却、萃取、分液、干燥8.已知H2CO3的二级电离常数为K2，a mol/L NaHCO3溶液（pH=8.3）中CO32-的浓度为（）A.10-8.3a K2 mol/LB.108.3a K2 mol/LC.10-8.3a/K2 mol/LD.108.3a/K2 mol/L9.太阳中主要化学元素是（）A.氢B.碳C.氧D.氮10.KMnO4和H2O2之间的化学反应：MnO4-+H2O2+H+=Mn2++O2+H2O。
复旦04、05、06、09年药学综合
有机：1．（A）H-C (B) H-O (C) C-N (D) C-O 极性最强2．构象异构体3．1，2－二甲基环丁烷，1，1－二甲基－2－氯环丁烷1，4－二甲基环己烷，1，3－二甲基－环丁烷既有旋光异构，又有顺反异构的是：4．糖腙5．间位定位基6．嘌呤由两个环7．乙醚，苯酚，环己醇，环戊二烯，酸性最弱的：8．α－羟基酸加热生成：A.内酯B.不饱和酸.C.环氧化合物D.交酯9．芳香性最强A噻吩B吡咯C 呋喃D ?10．顺式＋氢合萘是（手性，旋光）1．2．鉴别D-g和D-果糖3．樟脑有几个手性碳，几个光学异构体4．用α－溴代酯，Zn与醛或酮反应生成：5．芳香族与胺重氮化反应在中进行6．手性碳构型7．3－羟基－7－甲基异喹啉化学结构8.C6H5CH2稳定原因：9．碱性大小物化：1．相数：2．同种气体：A.Q=0,W=0,∆U=0B.Q＜0,W=0, ∆U＜0C. Q=0,W＜0, ∆U＞0D. Q＜0,W＞0, ∆U＜03.H+＋OH-H2O（e）电池4．活化能与K关系5．H2(g)＋1/2O2（g）＝H2O（g）反应热∆HA. ∆H是H2O的生成焓 B ∆H是H2的生成焓C．∆H不等于∆H D. ∆H＜06. 固体对气体是单分子层吸附，热气体p上升，则吸附量A 成比例上升B成倍增长 C.恒定不变 D.先快后慢，趋于饱和7．对于有三种物质组成的均相封闭体系，欲确定其状态，需指定体系性质数为8．对只作膨胀功的封闭体系值为零9．计算∆Gm10．A与B构成理想溶液，温度T，液体A为P0,液体B为0.5 P0,当A在溶液中，摩尔分数为0.4，溶液上方蒸汽总压为11．离子强度I12.从半衰期求反应级数13．A K1 B ,K1=1.5×10-2,K2=3.5×10-2K2 D平衡时，B在产物中的百分比14．沉淀陈化使固体颗粒大小均一，该法原理公式15．溶胶动力学性质包括：无机：1．萘氏试剂结构式是，与氨离子反应式为2．在型反应中，在标态和任何温度下均发生反应，请举例：3．氮负分子断电子排布为，键级为4．红细胞在低渗溶液中会，为什么5．缓冲液由和组成，缓冲容量由决定。
复旦大学《889综合化学》考研真题详解
复旦大学《889综合化学》考研真题详解2021年复旦大学《889综合化学》考研全套目录•全国名校综合化学（含化学综合）考研真题汇编说明：本科目考研真题不对外公布（暂时难以获得），通过分析参考教材知识点，精选了有类似考点的其他院校相关考研真题，以供参考。
•华彤文《普通化学原理》（第4版）配套题库【名校考研真题＋课后习题＋章节题库＋模拟试题】•[预售]邢其毅《基础有机化学》（第4版）（上册）课后习题和考研真题详解•邢其毅《基础有机化学》（第4版）（下册）课后习题和考研真题详解•邢其毅《基础有机化学》（第4版）（上册）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】•邢其毅《基础有机化学》（第4版）（下册）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】说明：以上为本科目参考教材配套的辅导资料。
3．考研题库•2021年物理化学考研题库说明：本部分为本科目考试内容的相关题库，并提供了详解。
•试看部分内容名校考研真题第2章气体选择题在一次渗流实验中，一定摩尔数的未知气体通过小孔渗向真空需要45秒钟，在相同条件下，相同摩尔数的氧气渗流需要18秒钟，则未知气体的分子量为（）。
[中国科学院－中国科技大学2004研]A．100B．200C．5.12D．12.8【答案】B查看答案【解析】相同条件下，温度相同，则分子平均动能相同。
设物质的量为n。
（1/2）n＝（1/2）nM又/＝t未知气体/＝5/2解得M＝200第3章相变·液态选择题1．在一定压力下，液体在沸点温度下沸腾气化后，下列物理量中，其数值增加的是（）。
[北京科技大学2014研]A．系统的熵B．该液体的气化热C．系统的吉布斯函数D．该液体的蒸气热【答案】A查看答案【解析】A项，液体成为气体后，系统体积增大，混乱度增加，熵值增加；BCD三项，在一定的温度和压力下为定值。
2．323K时，液体A的饱和蒸气压是液体B的饱和蒸气压的3倍，A、B两液体形成理想液态混合物，气液平衡时，在液相中A的物质的量分数为0.5，则气相中B的物质的量分数为（）。
复旦大学本科生有机化学上期中考卷(答案)
一、用系统命名法命名或根据名称写结构（10 分）
CH3 CH2Br
2004-04
1.
CH3CHCH2CHCHCH3 CH2CH2CH3
2.
2, 5−二甲基-3-丙基－1－溴己烷 2−溴甲基-5-甲基-3-丙基己烷 2−甲基-4-(1-溴-2-丙基)庚烷 CH3 CH3 CH2CH2CH3 Cl 1, 7, 7－三甲基二环[2.2.1]庚烷
Br
H3C
OH CH2 H / H2O
+
CH3
2.
CH3 CH3
CH3
H2O H3C CH2 CH3 H HO CH3 H2O OH CH3 CH3 H H2C CH3
迁移
CH3 CH3 CH3
CH3
O
CH3 CH3
H O
CH3
O +
3.
第 6 页 共 8 页
O H
O
Ha
O
O －Ha
Hb
O －Hb
H H O
H
H
O
B
C
D
E
C
D
第 5 页 共 8 页
五、写出下列反应的机理或解释下列结果（15 分。第 4 题为附加题，5 分）
Br2 ∆
∆ (1) Br2 2 Br
1.
Br
(2)
H +
Br
+
HBr
(3)
+
Br
Br
Br
+
Br
第(2),(3）步重复进行
(4) Br + Br Br2
(5)
+
(6)
+
复旦有机化学考研题库
复旦有机化学考研题库有机化学是化学学科中的一个重要分支，它主要研究碳化合物的结构、性质、反应及其合成方法。
复旦大学作为中国顶尖的高等学府之一，在有机化学领域有着深厚的学术积累和研究实力。
以下是一些可能在复旦有机化学考研中出现的题目类型，以及相应的解答要点：1. 基本概念题：- 题目：简述有机化合物的命名原则。
- 解答要点：有机化合物的命名应遵循IUPAC（国际纯粹与应用化学联合会）的命名规则，包括主链的选择、取代基的编号、官能团的优先级等。
2. 结构分析题：- 题目：给出一个有机分子的结构式，要求分析其立体化学。
- 解答要点：分析分子中的手性中心，判断是否存在对映异构体或非对映异构体，并描述其立体构型。
3. 反应机理题：- 题目：描述SN1和SN2反应的区别及其反应机理。
- 解答要点：SN1反应是单分子亲核取代反应，反应分两步进行，中间体是碳正离子；而SN2反应是双分子亲核取代反应，反应是一步完成的，反应速率取决于底物和亲核试剂的浓度。
4. 合成设计题：- 题目：设计一条合成路径，将化合物A转化为化合物B。
- 解答要点：根据目标分子的结构特点，选择合适的反应类型和顺序，确保每一步反应的可行性和选择性。
5. 波谱解析题：- 题目：给出一个未知有机分子的NMR谱图，要求确定其结构。
- 解答要点：分析NMR谱图中的化学位移、耦合常数、峰的裂分模式等信息，结合其他谱图如IR、MS等，综合推断分子结构。
6. 有机反应类型题：- 题目：列举并解释常见的有机反应类型。
- 解答要点：列举如取代反应、消除反应、加成反应、重排反应等，并解释每种反应的特点和常见的反应条件。
7. 有机化学理论题：- 题目：解释前线轨道理论和其在有机化学反应中的应用。
- 解答要点：前线轨道理论是分子轨道理论的一个分支，它认为分子的化学反应性主要受前线轨道（HOMO和LUMO）的影响，解释前线轨道理论如何预测反应的立体化学和速率。
8. 有机化学实验题：- 题目：描述实验室中如何安全地进行有机合成反应。
复旦大学研究生入学考试2005有机化学试题
复旦大学研究生入学考试2005有机化学试题一、请给出符合题意的选项〔每小题2分,本题共10分〕 1．下列化合物中,何者不具备芳香性a.NNNHb. c.d.2. 下列化合物中没有对映异构体的是PPh 2PPh 2C C t-BuClHH a.b.CH 3H OH CH 3HOH H2Hc.d.3. 由DNA 水解得到的糖类分子是a. D －核糖b. L-核糖c.2'－脱氧－D －核糖d. 2’－脱氧－L －核糖 4. 顺－1,2－二甲基环己烷的一个稳定构象是a.b.c.5.适用于区分醛糖与酮糖的试剂是a. 稀硝酸b. Br 2/H 2Oc.Fehling 试剂d. Tollens 试剂二．完成下列反应,写出反应的主要产物,如有必要,请正确地表示产物的立体化学特征〔每小题3分,本题共45分〕。
OAl(OPr i )3i-PrOH1、2、PhCH 2OCOCl+H 3CCHCOO -NH 33、4、FO 2N+NNCH 3O 2NNa ++CHO5、CH 3CHO+HS(CH 2)3SHBF 26、OMeO7、8、9、MeO MeOCHO+CH 3CH 2NO 2OH O /H SO 2MeOCOCH 3+(HCHO)n+(CH 3)2NH10、11、12、OCH=CH 2CH=CH CH 3CH 2N 2+MeO COC OOMe.Hg(OAc)/H O2.NaBH 413、142Ph NMe 21. H 2O 22.NaCl15、CH 2NHCH 2CH 3HCHO2，三、请按要求设计下列目标化合物的合成路线〔其他必需的有机,无机试剂任选〕。
〔每小题7分,共35分〕OHCHO1、OHO CH 3OH14OCH 2CH 2CH 3142、，，OPhN HOHNH 2NNMe 3、，，OHClCl 4、5、HONH 2ClOMeOMeONOH NO 15，四、对下列转变提出合理的反应机理〔每小题7分,共35分〕。
复旦大学真题2006年
复旦大学2006年Paper OnePort ⅠVocabulary and StructureDirections: There are 30 incompete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter or Answer Sheet I with a single line through center.1. Official figures show that unemployment ______ in November and then fell slowly over the next two months.A. ploddedB. peepedC. plungedD. peaked2. The old lady was immediately sent to a nearby hospital when she ______ from heat stroke.A. passed awayB. passed offC. passed outD. passed by3. Her spirits ______ at the thought of all the work she had to do that morning.A. saggedB. passed offC. saddledD. scored4. Jack would rather his younger sister ______ in the same hospital as he does.A. workedB. worksC. to workD. work5. Jane was badly taken in when she paid $300 for that second-hand bicycle; it was not worthA. that all muchB. all that muchC. much all thatD. that much all6. A patient crowd had ______ around the entrance to the theatre, hoping to catch a glimpse of the stars of the show.A. contractedB. consultedC. contemplatedD. congregated7. UN diplomats are suspicious that the country's ______ weapons programme may be broader than reported.A. frailB. clandestineC. temperateD. fake8. Fortunately the acting and photography are so good that they somehow manage to ______ the limitations of the film plot.A. traceB. transcendC. tranquilizeD. trail9. When the report was published, various environmental groups criticized it for being too ______.A. alertB. zealousC. meekD. gregarious10. Her friends helped her ______ after her sister was killed in a car crash.A. pull offB. pull outC. pull throughD. pull on11. Nell's father said to him that he was ______ dog to learn new tricks.A. so old aB. a too oldC. too old aD. a so old12. The skipper was not willing to risk ______ his ship through the straits until he could see where he was going.A. takingB. to takeC. having takenD. being taken13. We were running out of money and things were looking ______.A. grimB. glossyC. gorgeousD. gracious14. If law and outer ______ not maintained, neither the citizens nor their properties are safe.A. wereB. areC. isD. was15. He saw writers and artists as being important to the state for they could ______ credibility on the regime.A. bestowB. embraceC. disperseD. undertake16. When import taxes on goods arc high, there is a greater chance that they will be ______.A. barteredB. counterfeitedC. manufacturedD. smuggled17. There's been so little rain, the forest is ______ to go up in flames at any moment.A. precariousB. feebleC. convenientD. liable18. The school's development committee has deliberated the question ______ great length.A. onB. alongC. atD. for19. On a Summer evening it is ______ to hear the joyful sound of the shepherd's flute floating across the valley.A. treacherousB. enchantingC. rashD. furtive20. Let's ______ the arrangements with the others before we make a decision.A. talk overB. talk intoC. talk downD. talk round21. He'll have to ______ the music when his parents find out he's been missing school.A. listen toB. composeC. faceD. play22. Her eyes were shining brightly and her face was suffuse ______ color.A. withB. inC. byD. of23. In my opinion Elizabeth and Henry are not ______ friends as lovers.A. too muchB. as muchC. very muchD. so much24. Yesterday my brother ______ with his girlfriend over where to go on holiday.A. fell offB. fell outC. fell awayD. fell apart25. The writer ______ the newspaper readers against buying shares without getting good advice first.A. spurredB. menacedC. cautionedD. induced26. Some of his colleagues say he's loud and ______ and that everyone hates him.A. obnoxiousB. straightforwardC. considerateD. genial27. She claims that the pressure on public hospitals could be ______ by combining medical resources in the public and private sectors.A. relievedB. replacedC. retrievedD. resurrected28. Please ______ it that the door is locked before you leave.A. see throughB. see toC. see intoD. see after29. I will ______ you personally responsible if anything goes wrong in this project.A. getB. holdC. letD. have30. The burglars ______ the house but found nothing valuable.A. ransackedB. besiegedC. mortgagedD. renovatedPort ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four chokes marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.(1)Nowadays, with plentiful ice and electric churning, few people recall the shared excitement of the era when making ice cream was a rarely scheduled event. Then the iceman brought to the back door, on special order, a handsome 2-foot-square cube of cold crystal and everyone in the family took a turn at the crank. The critical question among us children was, of course, who might lick the dasher. A century or so ago the novelist Stendhal knew only hand-churned ice cream and, when be first tasted it, ex-claimed, "What a pity this isn't a sin!"Hand-churning is still tops for perfectionists for no power-driven machine has yet been invented that can achieve a comparable texture. Even French Pot, the very best commercial method for making ice cream, calls for finishing by hand.Ice creams are based on carefully cooked well-chilled syrups and heavy custards, added to unwhipped cream. No form of vanilla flavoring can surpass that of vanilla suger or of the bean itself, steeped in a hot syrup. If sweetened frozen fruits are incorporated into the cream mixture instead of fresh fruits, be sure to adjust sugar content accordingly.Make up mixtures for chum-frozen ice creams the day before you freeze, to increasingly fill the container only 3/4 full to permit expansion. To pack the freezer, allow 3 to 6 quarts of chipped or cracked ice to I cup of coarse rock sail. Pack about 1/3 of the freezer with ice and add layers of salt and ice around the container until the freezer is full. Allow the pack to stand about 3 minutes before you start turning. Turn slowly at first, about 40 revolutions a minute, until a slight pull is felt. Them triple speed for 5 to 6 minutes. If any additions, such as finely cut candied or fresh fruits or nuts are to be made, do so at this point. Then repack and taper off the churning to a-bout 80 revolutions a minute for a few minutes more. The cream should be ready in 10 to 20 minutes, depending on the quality.If the ice cream or ice is to be used at once, it should be frozen harder then if you plan to serve it later. Should the interval be 2 hours or more, packing will firm it. To pack, pour off the salt water in the freezer and wipe off the lid. Remove the dasher carefully, making sure that no salt or water gets into the cream container Scrape the cream down from the sides of the container. Place a cork in the lid and replace the lid. Repack the container in the freezer with additional ice and salt, using the same proporions as before. Cover the freezer with newspapers, a piece of carpet or other heavy material.The cream should be smooth when served, If it proves granular, you used too much salt in the packing mixture, overfilled the inner, container with the ice cream mixture or turned too rapidly. If you are making a large quantity with the idea of storing some in the deep-freeze, package in sizes you plan on serving: Should ice cream be allowed to melt even slightly and is then refrozen, it loses in volume and even more in good texture.31. In the first paragraph, "took a turn at the crank" could be paraphrased ______.A. "helped to mix the ice cream"B. "ate some ice cream"C. "helped break up the ice with a hammer"D. "protected the ice cream from children"32. According to the writer truly perfect ice cream ______.A. is now common and inexpensive at most storesB. is only possible with hand laborC. should be melted and then refrozenD. needs to be a sin33. When ice cream is being hand-churned it is surrounded by a mixture of ______.A. syrup and creamB. syrup and iceC. salt and iceD. fresh fruit and ice34. In Paragraph Four, "taper off" means ______.A. cut upB. stopC. speed upD. slow down35. This passage reflects an era when ______.A. people liked a little salt in their ice creamB. making ice cream was an occasional form of family entertainmentC. ice cream was not popularD. people did not know now to make cheese with their cream(2)Food and drink play a major role in Christmas celebrations in most countries, but in few more so than in Mexico. Many families over the festive season will do little more than cook and ingest a seemingly constant cycle of tortillas, fried beans, meat both roasted and stewed, and sticky desserts for days on end. Thus does the extended family keep on extending--further and further over their collective waistlines.Lucky them, .you might think. Except that Mexico's bad eating habits are leading to a health crisis that most Mexicans seem blissfully unaware of. Obesity and its related disorder, diabetes, are now major health concerns in a country where large rural regions are still concerned more with under nourishment than with over-nourishment. In its perennial rivalry with the United States, Mexico has at last found an area in which it can match its northern neighbor--mouthful for mouthful.The statistics are impressive, and alarming. According to the OECD, Mexico is now the second fattest nation in that group of 30 countries. A health poll in 1999 found that 35% of women were overweight, and another 24% technically obese, Juan Rivera, an official at the National Institute of Public Health, says that the combined figure for men would be about 55%, and that a similar poll to be carried out next year will show the fat quotient rising.Only the United States, with combined figures of over 60%, is head.That situation also varies geographically. Although Mexicans populate the north of their country more sparsely that the south, they make up for it weight-wise. A Study published by the Pan-American Health Organization a month ago showed that in the mostly Hispanic population that lives on either side of the American-Mexican border, fully 74% of men and 70% of women are either overweight or obese.Moreover, even experts have been surprised by how rapidly the nation has swollen. Whereas the 1999 poll showed 59% of women overweight or obese, only 11 years previously that figure was just 33%. Nowhere is the transformation more noticeable then in the prevalence of diabetes, closely linked to over-eating and obesity. In 1968, says Joel, Rodriguez of the Mexican Diabetes Federation, the disease was in 35th place as a direct cause of mortality in Mexico, but now it occupies first place, above both cancer and heart disease. With about 6. 5m diabetics out of a population of 10Om, Mexico now has a higher rate than any other large country in the world. Not surprisingly. Mr. Rodriguez argues that Mexico is in the grip of an "epidemic".Nor does it tax the brain much to work out that the causes of these explosions in obesity and diabetes are the Mexican diet and a lack of exercise. For most Mexicans, food consumption, not just at Christmas but all year round, is an unvarying combination of refried beans tortillas, meat and refrescos, or fizzy drinks; they consume 101 litres of cola drinks per person per year, just a little less than Americans and three times as much as Brazilians.Meanwhile, the lack of exercise, Mr. Rivera argues, is a symptom of rapid urbanization over the past 30 years. Obesity and diabetes rates remain slightly lower in rural areas, indicating that manual labor endures as an effective way to stave off weight gain. In Mexico City, though, pollution and crime have progressively driven people out of the parks and the streets, so most now walk as little as possible--preferably no further than from the valet-parking service to the restaurant. To combat the fat, health professionals say that the country must first realize that it is indeed in the grip of an epidemic. Other diseases, such as AIDS and cancer, have captured most of the publicity in recent years; obesity and diabetes have been comparatively neglected.But these arc also, as in other developing countries, mainly problems of the urban poor. It is a symptom of their growing prosperity that these parts of the population have, probably for the first time, almost unlimited access to the greatest amount of calories for the smallest amount of money, But with little knowledge of nutritional values, their diets are now unbalanced and unhealthy.Low-carb products and other dietary imports from the United States have already made an appearance on the posher Mexican supermarket shelves. They may go into be shopping baskets of the rake-thin and utterly unrepresentative models who dominate the country's advertising hoardings. But they are still comparatively expensive. For the heaving mass of the population, things may have to get worse before the government, doctors and consumers realize that things have got to start getting better.36. The phrase "on end" in the first paragraph can be replaced by ______.A. until all been consumedB. uprightC. continuouslyD. until the last day37. Which of the following sentences is TRUE according to the passage?A. Mexicans are eating a lot because of the country's affluence.B. Mexicans can match Americans in the nourishment of their diet.C. Mexicans only overeat during festive seasons.D. Mexico is now the second fattest nation in this world.38. Judging by the context, the word "perennial" in the second paragraph most probably meansA. perpetualB. recurringC. transientD. perilous39. Which is the most significant cause of mortality in Mexico?A. Cancer.B. Heart disease.C. Diabetes.D. Epidemic.40. It is known from the passage that from 1988 to 1999 the figure of women overweight of obese in Mexico roseby ______.A. 30%B. 26%C. 35%D. 55%(3)When you are small, all ambitions fall into one grand category: when I'm grown up. When I'm grown up, you say, I'll go up in space. I'm going to be an author. I'll kill them all and then they'll be sorry. I'll be married in a cathedral with sixteen brides- maids in pink lace. I'll have a puppy of my own and no one will be able to take him away.None of it ever happens, of course, of dam little but the fantasies give you the idea that there is something to grow up for. Indeed one of the saddest things about gild-ed adolescence is the feeling that from eighteen on, it's all downhill; I read with horror of an American hippie wedding where someone said to the groom (age twenty) 'you seem so kinda grown up somehow', and the lad had to go around seeking reassurance that he wasn't, no, early he wasn't. A determination to be better adults than the present incumbents is fine, but to refuse to grow up at all is just plain unrealism.Right, so then you get some of what you want, or something like it or something that will do all right; and for years you are too busy to do more than live in the present and put one foot in front of the other; your goals stretching little beyond the day when the boss has a stroke or the moment when the children can bring you tea in bed and the later moment when they actually bring you hot tea, not mostly clopped in the saucer. However, I have now discovered an even sweeter category of ambition. When my children are grown up I'll learn to fly an aero plane. I will career round the sky, knowing that if I do go pop there will be no little ones to suffer shock and maladjustment; that even if the worst does come to the worst I will at least dodge the geriatric ward and all that looking for your glasses in order to see where you've left your teeth. When my children are grown up I'll have fragile, lovely things on low tables; I'll have a white carpet; I'll go to the pictures in the 'afternoon. When the children are grown up I'll actually be able to do a day's work in day, instead of spread over three, and go away for a weekend without planning as if for a trip to the Moon. When I'm grown up--I mean when they're grown up--I'll be free.Of course, I know it's got to get worse before it gets better. Twelve-year-olds, I'm told, don't go to bed at seven, so you don't even get your evenings; once they're past ten you have to start worrying about their friends instead of simply shooting the intruders off the doorstep, and to settle down to a steady ten years of criticism of every- thing you've ever thought or done or won. Boys, it seems, may be less of a trial than girls since they can't get pregnant and they don't borrow your clothes--it they do borrow your clothes, of course, you've got even more to worry about.The young don't respect their parents any more, that's what. Goodness, how sad. Still, like eating snails, it might be all right once you've got over the idea: it might let us off having to bother quite so much with them when the time comes. But one is simply not going to be able to drone away one's days, toothless by the fire, brooding on the past.41. What interests the writer about young children is that they ______.A. have so many unselfish ambitionsB. have such long term ambitionsC. don't all want to be spacemenD. all long for adult pleasures42. The writer maintains that fantasies ______.A. satisfy ambitionB. lessen ambitionC. stimulate ambitionD. frustrate ambition43. What does the writer feel is wrong with the modern generation?A. Their wanting to grow up.B. Their not wanting to grow up.C. Their wanting to improve adults.D. Their not wanting to improve adults.44. The writer feels that as an adult one must ______.A. achieve one's ambitions at all costsB. continue to be ambitiousC. find a compromise between ambition and realityD. give up all one's earlier ambitions45. When the children leave home, the writer thinks that ______.A. there will be compensationsB. she will be delightedC. she will be desolatedD. there will be nothing to do(4)For years pediatricians didn't worry much about treating hypertension in their patients. After all, kids grow so fast, it's hard keeping up with their shoe size, let alone their blood pressure. Sure, hypertension in adults places them at greater risk of heart, attack and stroke. But nobody likes the idea of starting youngsters on blood-pressure medicine they could wind up taking the rest of their lives. Who knows what previously unheard-of side effects could crop up after five or six decades of daily use?The rationale has been: kids grow out of so many things, maybe they'll grow out of this too.Now, though, comes word that high blood pressure can be destructive even in childhood. According to a recent report in the journal Circulation, 19of 130children with high blood pressure developed a dangerous thickening of the heart muscle that, in adults at least, has been linked to heart failure. "No one knows if this pattern holds true for younger patients as well," says Dr. Stephen Daniels, a pediatric cardiologist who led the study at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. "But it's worrisome."Who's most at risk? Boys more man girls, expecially boys who are overweight. Their heart works so hard to force blood through extra layers of fat that its walls grow more dense. Then, after decades of straining, it grows too big to pump blood very well. Fortunately the abnormal, thickering can be spotted by ultrasound. And in most case, getting that blood pressure under control--through weight loss and exercise or, as a last resort, drug treatment--allows the overworked muscle to shrink to normal size.How can you tell if yours are like the 670, 000 American children ages 10 to 18 with high blood pressure?I t's not the sort of thing you can catch by putting your child's arm in a cuff at the free monitoring station in your local grocery.You should have a test done by a doctor, who will consult special tables that indicate me normal range of blood pressure for a particular child's age, height and sex. If the doctor finds an abnormal result he will repeat the test over a period of months to make sure the reading isn't a fake. He'll also check, whether other conditions, like kidney disease, could be the source of the trouble. Because hypertension can be hard to detect the National Heart. Lung and Blood Institute recommends annual blood-pressure checks for every child over age 3.About half the eases of hypertension stem directly from kids being overweight. And the problem is likely to grow. Over the past 30 years the proportion of children in the U. S. who are overweight has doubled, from 5% to 11% or4.7 million kids.You can keep your children from joining their ranks by clearing the junk food from your pantry and honking your kids--the earlier the better--on healthy, attractive snacks like fruits (try freezing some grapes/or carrot sticks with salsa. Not only will they lower your children's blood pressure: these foods will also boost their immune system and unclog their plumbing. Meanwhile, make sure your kids spend more time on the playground than with their PlayStation. Even if they don't shed a pound, vigorous exercise will help keep their blood vessels nice and wide, lowering their blood pressure. And of course, they'll be more likely to eat light and exercise if you set a good example.46. This piece of writing is mainly addressed to ______.A. parentsB. boysC. girlsD. pediatrician47. The word unclog in paragraph 7 can be replaced by ______.A. fixB. clearC. hinderD. dismantle48. By saying "It's not the sort of thing you can catch by putting your child's arm in a cuff at the free monitoring station in your local grocery ", the writer impliesA. hypertension is hard to detectB. children often refuse to have their blood pressure testedC. you'll have to pay a lot of money if you want to have your child's blood pressure checked in a groceryD. in a local grocery, you are free to determine how to have your child's blood pressure examined49. Which of the following is not suggested by the writer to control hypertension?A. Ding treatments.B. Weight loss.C. Exercise.D. Overwork.50. We can conclude from the passage that ______.A. children with hypertension are unlikely to suffer from heart attack and strokeB. parent's blood pressure decides their children's blood pressureC. besides overweight, there are other factors resulting in hypertensionD. vigorous exercise sometimes will lead to heart troublePaper TwoPart ⅢClozeDirections: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage Write your answer on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.Every geologist is familiar with the erosion cycle. No sooner has an area of land been raised alive sea-level than it becomes subject to the erosive forces of nature. The rain beats down on the ground and washed (51) the finer particles, sweeping them into rivulets and then into rivers and out to sea. The frost freezes the rain water in cracks of the rocks and breaks (52) even the hardest of the constituents of the earth's crust. Blocks of rock dislodged at high levels are brought down by the force of gravity. Alternate heating and (53) of bare rock surfaces causes their disintegration. In the dry regions of the world the wind is a powerful force in removing material from one area to another. All this is natural. But nature has also provided certain defensive forces. Bare rock surfaces are in (54) course protected by soil itself dependent initially on the weathering of the rocks. Slowly (55) surely, different types of soil with differing "profiles" evolve the main types depending primarily on the climate. The protective soil covering, once it is formed, is held together by the growth of vegetation. Grass and herbaceous plants, (56) long, branching tenuous roots, hold firmly together the surface particles. The (57) is true with the forest cover. The heaviest tropical down- pours beating on the leave of the giant trees reach the ground only (58) spray, gently watering the surface layers and penetrating along the long passages provided by the roots to the lower levels of the soil. The soil, thus protected by grass, herb, or trees, furnishes a quiet habitat for a myriad varied organisms-earth-worms that importantly modify the soil, bacteria, active in their work of converting (59) leaves and decaying vegetation into humus and food for the growing plants. Chemical action is constantly taking (60) . Soil acids attack mineral particles and salts in solution move from one layer in the soil to another.Part ⅣTranslationSection ADirections: Put the following passage into Chinese.Dun took a deep breath, thinking over what had been said and searching in his mind for a possible course of action. Not for the first time in his flying career, he felt himself in the grip of an acute sense of apprehension, only this time his awareness of his responsibilty for the safety of a huge, complex aircraft and nearly sixty lives was tinged with a sudden icy premonition of disaster. Was this, then what it felt like? Older pilots, those who had been in combat in the war, always maintained that if you kept at the game long, enough you'd buy it in the end. How was it that in the space of half an hour a normal, every day, routing flight, carrying a crowd of happy football fans, could change into a nightmare nearly four miles above the earth, something that would shriek across the front pages of a hundred newspapers?Section BDirections: Put the following passage into English.在美国历史上人们最津津乐道的政治问题恐怕就是法律与秩序。
有机化学考研习题附带答案解析
综合练习题（一）一 选择题 （一）A 型题1 下列体系中既有p-π共轭又有π-π共轭的是（ ）2 氨基（-NH 2）既具有邻、对位定位效应，又可使苯环致活的主要原因是（ ） A +I 效应 B -I 效应 C 供电子p-π共轭（+C 效应） D π-π共轭效应 E 吸电子p-π共轭（-C 效应）3 化合物 发生硝化反应易难顺序为（ ）A ④ ① ② ⑤ ③B ③ ⑤ ② ① ④C ⑤ ③ ② ④ ①D ① ④ ② ③ ⑤E ④ ① ⑤ ③ ② 4 下列化合物中最易与 H 2SO 4反应的是（ ）5 稳定性大小顺序为（ ）A ① ② ③ ④B ① ③ ② ④C ③ ① ④ ②D ② ① ③ ④E ③ ④ ① ②6 下列卤烃在室温下与AgNO 3醇溶液作用产生白色沉淀的是（ ） A 溴化苄 B 异丙基氯 C 3-氯环己烯 D 烯丙基碘 E 丙烯基氯7 ① 吡咯 ② 吡啶 ③ 苯胺 ④ 苄胺 ⑤ 对甲苯胺的碱性由强到弱顺序为（ ） A ④ ② ③ ⑤ ① B ② ④ ③ ① ⑤ C ④ ② ⑤ ③ ① D ⑤ ③ ② ④ ① E ② ⑤ ③ ④ ①8 下列化合物即可与NaHSO 3作用，又可发生碘仿反应的是（ ）A CH 3CHCH 3B CH 2 CC C1CH CH 2D ECH 2OH Br +CH CHCH 3COOH OH NO 2OCOCH 3①②③④⑤AB CDECH 3CHCCH 2CH 3CH 3（CH 3）2CCCH 2CH 3CH 3C CHCH CHCHCH 3CH 3C （CH 3）2CH 23C 2H 5CH3H 5C 2CH 32H 5CH 3H 5C 2CH 3①②③④A (CH 3)2CHCHOB CH 3COCH 3C (CH 3)2CHOHD E9 化合物 与NaOH 醇溶液共热的主要产物是（ ）10 下列各组反应中两个反应均属同一反应机制的是（ ）11 化合物的酸性强到弱顺序为（ ）A ② ④ ⑤ ③ ①B ④ ② ⑤ ① ③C ④ ② ⑤ ③ ①D ⑤ ③ ②④ ① E ② ⑤ ④ ① ③12 下列化合物即能产生顺反异构，又能产生对映异构的是（ ）A 2，3-二甲基-2-戊烯B 4-氯-2-戊烯C 3，4-二甲基-2-戊烯D 2-甲基-4-氯-2-戊烯E 4-甲基-2-氯-2-戊烯 13 两分子丙醛在稀碱作用下的最终产物是（ ）14 下列物质最易发生酰化反应的是（ ）A RCOORB RCORC RCOXD (RCO)2OE RCONH 2 15 在酸性或碱性条件下均易水解的是（ ）A 油脂B 缩醛C 糖苷D 蔗糖E 淀粉 16 溶于纯水后，溶液PH=5.5的氨基酸，估计其等电点（ ）COCH 3CH 3CHCH CCH 3Br BrA B C DECH 3CHCH CCH 3Br OH CH 3CH CCH 3Br CHCHCCH 3Br CH 3CHCH CCH 3OHBr CH 3CHCHCBr CH 2CH 2C ABC DECH 3CHCHCHCHO CH 3CHCHCHCHOCH 3CH 2CHCHCH 2CHOCH 3CH 3CH 2CHCCHOCH 3CH 3CH 3CH2CHOCH 3A 等于5.5B 小于5.5C 大于5.5D 等于7E 无法估计17 化合物分子中含有的杂环结构是（）A 吡啶B 嘧啶C 咪唑D 嘌呤E 喹啉18 下列物质能发生缩二脲反应的是（）19 下列化合物烯醇化趋势最大的是（）20 与苯胺、苯酚、烯烃、葡萄糖都能反应，并有明显现象的试剂是（）A Fehling试剂B Br2/H2OC FeCl3D Schiff试剂E Tollens试剂（二）X型题21 化合物CH3CH = C(CH3)2与溴水及氯化钠水溶液作用的主要产物有（）22 脑磷脂和卵磷脂水解可得到的共同物质是（）A 甘油B 胆碱C 胆胺D 脂肪酸E 磷酸23 下列化合物名称正确的是（）A 2-乙基-2-戊烯B 3-甲基-2-戊烯C 2-溴-3-戊烯D 3-溴-2-戊烯E 3-甲基-2-苯基-4-氯戊烷24 下列物质能与Tollens试剂作用产生银镜的是（）25 下列物质受热即可脱羧的是（ ）26 下列Fischer 式表示同一物质的有（ ）化合物27 受热可发生脱水反应的是（ ） 28 与浓H 2SO 4共热可放出CO 气体的是（ ） 29 下列物质能与HNO 2作用并放出N 2的是（ ）30 甘氨酸与丙氨酸加热脱水成肽的产物为（ ）二 判断题31 分子构造相同的化合物一定是同一物质。
复旦大学06年有机化学年期末试卷
复旦大学06年有机化学年期末试卷一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.形成烷烃的碳原子的杂化形式是( )A.SP3B.SP2C.SPD.SP42.环己烷的构象中，最稳定的是( )A.椅式B.半椅式C.船式D.扭船式3.Fischer结构式表示的化合物构型的正确命名是( )A.2R,3RB.2R,3SC.2S,3RD.2S,3S4.下列碳正离子最稳定的是( )5.下列何种轨道成键的碳原子的电负性最大?( )A.SP3B.SP2C.SPD.S6.下列哪个化合物最易发生消除反应?( )A.CH3CH2CH2ClB.(CH3)2CHCH2ClC.(CH3)2CHClD.(CH3)3CCl7.下列哪个化合物的氯原子最活泼?( )8.甲苯与氯气在光照下进行反应的反应机理是( )A.亲电取代B.亲核取代C.游离基取代D.亲电加成9.下列化合物不能发生碘仿反应的是( )10.下列化合物酸性最强的是( )11.加热能发生脱羧反应的是( )A.丙二酸B.丁二酸C.丙酸D.乳酸12.与强酸作用，能生成钅羊盐的化合物是( )A.氯乙烷B.丙烷C.环丙烷D.乙醚13.羧酸的沸点比分子量相近的烃，甚至比醇还高，主要原因是( )A.分子极性B.酸性C.分子内氢键D.形成二缔合体14.羧酸衍生物水解反应能力最强的是( )A.酯B.酸酐C.酰胺D.酰氯15.不能与2，4－二硝基苯肼反应的是( )A.乙酰乙酸乙酯B.乙酸乙酯C.丙酮酸D.2，4－戊二酮16.下列化合物发生亲电取代反应，主要产物是间位的是( )17.肥皂在碱性条件下水解，水解产物用HCl中和，最后得到的沉淀物可能是( )A.NaClB.苯甲酸C.硬脂酸D.乙酸18.芳香族伯胺重氮化的溶液是( )A.中性溶液B.强酸溶液C.弱酸溶液D.碱性溶液19.下列化合物碱性最强的是( )20.四萜中含有的异戊二烯单元数目是( )A.2B.4C.6D.8二、命名题（用系统命名法命名下列化合物）(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)三、反应式(本大题共12小题，每小题2分，共24分) 写出下列反应的主要产物。
复旦大学《837有机化学》历年考研真题(含部分答案)专业课考试试题
目 录
2012年复旦大学有机化学考研真题
2010年复旦大学有机化学考研真题
2009年复旦大学有机化学考研真题及详解
2008年复旦大学有机化学考研真题及详解
2007年复旦大学有机化学考研真题及详解
2006年复旦大学有机化学考研真题及详解
2005年复旦大学有机化学考研真题及详解
2004年复旦大学有机化学考研真题及详解
2003年复旦大学有机化学考研真题及详解
2002年复旦大学有机化学考研真题及详解
2001年复旦大学有机化学考研真题及详解
2000年复旦大学有机化学考研真题及详解
1999年复旦大学有机化学考研真题
1998年复旦大学有机化学考研真题
1997年复旦大学有机化学考研真题（含部分答案）
1996年复旦大学有机化学考研真题及详解
1995年复旦大学有机化学考研真题及详解
1994年复旦大学有机化学考研真题及详解
1993年复旦大学有机化学考研真题及。
有机化学(考研复习)1-3章
第1章 有机物结构和性质1-1（南开大学2008硕研究生入学考试试题）将下列化合物的碱性排序。
CD ENNH H 2NNH 2N H N解：此题涉及到含氮杂环化合物的碱性比较。
饱和杂环化合物具有正常脂肪胺的碱性，芳香杂环化合物碱性强弱顺序为：RNH 2NH3NH2NNH 2C=OC =OC=ONHN由此可知，化合物D 碱性最强，咪唑的碱性比嘧啶强。
碱性顺序为：D ﹥E ﹥C.1-2(南京航空航天大学2008硕士研究生入学考试试题)简要回答问题：(1)比较下列化合物的沸点：A.正丁烷B.2-丁酮C.1-丁醇D. 4-丁二醇 （2）比较下列化合物的碱性：A.氢氧化四甲铵B.吡啶C.氢氧化钠D.氨 E 苯胺 （3）比较下列化合物的酸性：A 苯甲酸B 邻硝基苯甲酸C 对硝基苯甲酸D 对甲氧基苯甲酸 解：（1）分子间的氢键，偶极-偶极作用力，范德华力等分子间的作用力是决定物质沸点高低的重要因素。
分子间的作用力越大，物质的沸点越高。
对本题来说，C,D 分子间由于存在氢键，所以沸点最高，B 为极性分子，分子间存在偶极-偶极作用力，沸点次之，A 分子间仅存在范德华力，所以沸点最低。
因此，沸点比较为：D ﹥C ﹥B ﹥A 。
（2）在本题中，碱性的强弱可以考虑给出电子对的倾向和其共轭酸的稳定性，越易给出电子对碱性越强，共轭酸越稳定，碱性越强。
从这个角度出发对于脂肪胺的碱性强弱为：仲氨﹥伯胺﹥叔氨﹥氨：而对芳香胺的碱性强弱顺序为PhNH 2﹥Ph 2NH ﹥Ph 3N ,因此，本题答案为A ﹥C ﹥D ﹥B ﹥E 。
（3）本题涉及到羧酸酸性的比较，羧酸上所连的院子或电子效应对羧酸的影响很大，吸电子效应的院子或基团吸电子能力越强，数量越多，空间上距离羧基越近，酸性就越强。
邻硝基苯甲酸和对硝基苯甲酸的酸性都比苯甲酸的酸性强，这主要是电子效应和空间效应综合影响的结果。
而对硝基苯甲酸的酸性同时受诱导效应和共轭效应的影响，因此，本题答案：B ﹥C ﹥D ﹥A 。
复旦有机化学试题库及答案
复旦有机化学试题库及答案一、选择题1. 下列哪个化合物不是芳香族化合物？A. 苯B. 甲苯C. 环己烷D. 吡啶答案：C2. 以下哪个反应属于亲电加成反应？A. 卤代烃的水解B. 烯烃与溴的加成C. 醇的脱水D. 酯的水解答案：B3. 以下哪种反应类型不是有机化学反应？A. 取代反应B. 加成反应C. 消除反应D. 氧化还原反应答案：D（注：氧化还原反应是有机化学中的一种重要反应类型，本题出题有误）4. 以下哪种化合物属于烯烃？A. 甲烷B. 乙炔C. 乙烯D. 苯答案：C5. 以下哪种化合物的命名是正确的？A. 1-甲基环己烷B. 2-乙基-3-甲基环己烷C. 2-甲基-1-丁烯D. 3-甲基-2-戊烯答案：D二、填空题6. 有机化学中，碳原子的四个价电子可以与其他原子形成共价键，形成最多______个σ键。
答案：四7. 芳香族化合物的特征是含有______电子的共轭体系。
答案：π8. 有机化学反应中，亲电取代反应的机理是亲电试剂首先攻击______的碳原子。
答案：带负电或富电子9. 烯烃的加成反应中，π键断裂，形成______键。
答案：σ10. 醇的脱水反应中，通常需要______作为催化剂。
答案：浓硫酸三、简答题11. 简述有机化学中取代反应和加成反应的区别。
答案：取代反应是指一个原子或原子团被另一个原子或原子团所取代，而加成反应是指一个或多个原子或原子团加到不饱和化合物的不饱和键上，使不饱和键变成饱和键。
取代反应通常发生在饱和碳原子上，而加成反应则发生在不饱和碳原子上。
12. 描述什么是炔烃，并给出一个炔烃的实例。
答案：炔烃是一类含有碳碳三键（C≡C）的有机化合物。
一个炔烃的实例是乙炔（C2H2），它含有一个碳碳三键。
四、计算题13. 给定一个有机化合物的分子式C5H10，如果该化合物只含有一个碳碳双键，请写出其可能的结构式。
答案：根据分子式C5H10，可以推断出该化合物比相应的饱和烃（C5H12）少两个氢原子，这意味着存在一个碳碳双键。
复旦大学06年有机化学年期末试卷
复旦大学06年有机化学年期末试卷一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.形成烷烃的碳原子的杂化形式是( )A.SP3B.SP2C.SPD.SP42.环己烷的构象中，最稳定的是( )A.椅式B.半椅式C.船式D.扭船式3.Fischer结构式表示的化合物构型的正确命名是( )A.2R,3RB.2R,3SC.2S,3RD.2S,3S4.下列碳正离子最稳定的是( )5.下列何种轨道成键的碳原子的电负性最大?( )A.SP3B.SP2C.SPD.S6.下列哪个化合物最易发生消除反应?( )A.CH3CH2CH2ClB.(CH3)2CHCH2ClC.(CH3)2CHClD.(CH3)3CCl7.下列哪个化合物的氯原子最活泼?( )8.甲苯与氯气在光照下进行反应的反应机理是( )A.亲电取代B.亲核取代C.游离基取代D.亲电加成9.下列化合物不能发生碘仿反应的是( )10.下列化合物酸性最强的是( )11.加热能发生脱羧反应的是( )A.丙二酸B.丁二酸C.丙酸D.乳酸12.与强酸作用，能生成钅羊盐的化合物是( )A.氯乙烷B.丙烷C.环丙烷D.乙醚13.羧酸的沸点比分子量相近的烃，甚至比醇还高，主要原因是( )A.分子极性B.酸性C.分子内氢键D.形成二缔合体14.羧酸衍生物水解反应能力最强的是( )A.酯B.酸酐C.酰胺D.酰氯15.不能与2，4－二硝基苯肼反应的是( )A.乙酰乙酸乙酯B.乙酸乙酯C.丙酮酸D.2，4－戊二酮16.下列化合物发生亲电取代反应，主要产物是间位的是( )17.肥皂在碱性条件下水解，水解产物用HCl中和，最后得到的沉淀物可能是( )A.NaClB.苯甲酸C.硬脂酸D.乙酸18.芳香族伯胺重氮化的溶液是( )A.中性溶液B.强酸溶液C.弱酸溶液D.碱性溶液19.下列化合物碱性最强的是( )20.四萜中含有的异戊二烯单元数目是( )A.2B.4C.6D.8二、命名题（用系统命名法命名下列化合物）(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)三、反应式(本大题共12小题，每小题2分，共24分) 写出下列反应的主要产物。
复旦大学2006年有机化学期末考试试卷
复旦⼤学2006年有机化学期末考试试卷复旦⼤学2006年有机化学期末考试试卷⼀、单项选择题(本⼤题共20⼩题，每⼩题1分，共20分)在每⼩题列出的四个备选项中只有⼀个是符合题⽬要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均⽆分。
1.形成烷烃的碳原⼦的杂化形式是( )A.SP3B.SP2C.SPD.SP42.环⼰烷的构象中，最稳定的是( )A.椅式B.半椅式C.船式D.扭船式3.Fischer结构式表⽰的化合物构型的正确命名是( )A.2R,3RB.2R,3SC.2S,3RD.2S,3S4.下列碳正离⼦最稳定的是( )5.下列何种轨道成键的碳原⼦的电负性最⼤?( )A.SP3B.SP2C.SPD.S6.下列哪个化合物最易发⽣消除反应?( )A.CH3CH2CH2Cl B.(CH3)2CHCH2ClC.(CH3)2CHCl D.(CH3)3CCl7.下列哪个化合物的氯原⼦最活泼?( )8.甲苯与氯⽓在光照下进⾏反应的反应机理是( )A.亲电取代B.亲核取代C.游离基取代D.亲电加成9.下列化合物不能发⽣碘仿反应的是( )10.下列化合物酸性最强的是( )11.加热能发⽣脱羧反应的是( )A.丙⼆酸B.丁⼆酸C.丙酸D.乳酸12.与强酸作⽤，能⽣成钅⽺盐的化合物是( )A.氯⼄烷B.丙烷C.环丙烷D.⼄醚13.羧酸的沸点⽐分⼦量相近的烃，甚⾄⽐醇还⾼，主要原因是( )A.分⼦极性B.酸性C.分⼦内氢键D.形成⼆缔合体14.羧酸衍⽣物⽔解反应能⼒最强的是( )A.酯B.酸酐C.酰胺D.酰氯15.不能与2，4－⼆硝基苯肼反应的是( )A.⼄酰⼄酸⼄酯B.⼄酸⼄酯C.丙酮酸D.2，4－戊⼆酮16.下列化合物发⽣亲电取代反应，主要产物是间位的是( )17.肥皂在碱性条件下⽔解，⽔解产物⽤HCl中和，最后得到的沉淀物可能是( )A.NaClB.苯甲酸C.硬脂酸D.⼄酸18.芳⾹族伯胺重氮化的溶液是( )A.中性溶液B.强酸溶液C.弱酸溶液D.碱性溶液19.下列化合物碱性最强的是( )20.四萜中含有的异戊⼆烯单元数⽬是( )A.2B.4C.6D.8⼆、命名题（⽤系统命名法命名下列化合物）(本⼤题共10⼩题，每⼩题2分，共20分)三、反应式(本⼤题共12⼩题，每⼩题2分，共24分) 写出下列反应的主要产物。