3-4 hours per week per unit
新概念英语课件ppt小学
01
02
03
ho teach English at the primary school level
Primary school students in grades 1-6
Course effectiveness
Use of modern teaching methods: The courseware corporations model teaching methods that are protected to be effective in enhancing language learning These methods encode active learning and help students develop their language skills more quickly and effectively
CONTENTS
Course Introduction
Develop students' English listening and speaking skills
Improve students' reading and writing abilities
Enhance students' cultural awareness and communication skills
Tailored to different levels: The courseware is designed to cat to students of different levels, from beginners to advanced learners This ensures that students can progress at their own pace and achieve maximum improvement
2024_2025学年高中英语单元综合检测Unit1Lifestyles含解析北师大版必修1
单元综合检测(一)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)AVolunteering abroad is a great way to help others，improve your skills and become a more confident，independent person.If you are interested in volunteering abroad，here are some places to go.AustraliaIf you seek a life on the beach，in a great climate with friendly people，Australia might be your best bet.With thousands of volunteers already signing up to leave for Australia during the holidays，it will be a very popular option.BrazilThis vast country has some great opportunities on offer and is especially popular this year.A lot of volunteer work is available in Brazil centers on conservation and ecological projects.With the world's largest rainforest in Brazil，of which huge part is in danger，there are lots of different jobs you can do.KenyaKenya is the destination for those seeking an African experience.Generally volunteers in Kenya work in orphanages (孤儿院) or with local children living in slums (贫民窟)．There is a great demand for volunteers in Africa because many people live in poverty，so if you truly feel like making a difference to a community，Kenya should be at the top of your list.Costa RicaGolden sandy beaches，clear coastlines and beautiful cities are what Costa Rica is all about.Because of its small size，you can see a lot of the country in just a short time.You can really make the most of your time as a volunteer.A lot of work is needed with wildlife and ecological work，so if you want to look after turtles on the beach，Costa Rica could be just the place for you.【语篇解读】本文介绍的是到海外去做志愿者的四个不同的国家的人所从事的不同事情的详细信息。
现代大学英语听力1 原文及答案(unit 1)
Unit 1 University LifeTaks 1ScriptOkay, Okay, let's begin. Hello, everyone. My name's Susan Hudson, and I'll be your teacher for this class, Intercultural Communication.Uh, to begin with, please take a look at the syllabus in front of you. As you all should know by now, this class meets on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 3:15 to 4:50. We will be meeting in this room for the first half of the course, but we will be using the research lab every other week on Thursday in Room 405 during the last two months of the class.Uh, this is the text for the class, Beyond Language. Unfortunately, the books haven't come in yet, but I was told that you should be able to purchase them at the bookstore the day after tomorrow. Again, as you see on your course outline, grading is determined by your performance on a midterm and final test, periodic quizzes, uh, a research project, and classroom participation.My office hours are from 1:00 to 2:00 on Wednesdays, and you can set up an appointment to meet with me at other times as well.KeyA. Answer the following questions.1)What are the name of the teacher and the name of the course?Key: Susan Hudson and Intercultural Communication.2)When and where will the class meet for the first half of the courseKey: The class will meet in the room they are in now and on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 3:15 to 4:50.3)Where can the students get the textbooks?Key: They can purchase the textbooks at the bookstore the day after tomorrow.4)When are the office hours?Key: The office hours are from 1:00 to 2:00 on Wednesdays.B. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.1)We will be meeting in this room for the first half of the course, but we will be using theresearch lab every other week on Thursday in Room 405 during the last two months of the class.2)Again, as you see on your course outline, grading is determined by your performance ona midterm and final test, periodic quizzes, uh, a research project, and classroomparticipation.Task 2ScriptLibrarian: Can I help you?Student: Yes. I am a bit confused. My sociology class is supposed to read a chapter in a book called Sociology and the Modern Age. According to the syllabus, the bookis in the library, but I haven't been able to find it.Librarian: Do you have your syllabus with you? May I see it?Student: Yes, uh... I put it in the front of my sociology notebook. Yes, here it is. Librarian: Let me see. Oh yes. Your professor has placed this book on reserve. That means you cannot find it on the shelves in its usual place. You need to go to a specialroom called the reserve room. It's down the hall and to the right.Student: I'm sorry—I still don't understand what you mean by on reserve.Librarian: You see, your professor wants everyone in the class to read the chapter. If one student removes the book from the library, it is likely that none of the otherstudents will have the opportunity to read it. So, your professor has insured thatall students have the opportunity to read it by placing it on reserve.Student: So, will I be able to find this book?Librarian: Yes, when a book is on reserve, a student can go to the reserve room and ask the reserve librarian for the book. The student can have the book for a few hours, andhe or she MUST read it in the library during that time. That way, the book stays inthe library, and all students have a chance to read it.Student: OK. Thank you. I understand now.Librarian: Will there be anything else?Student: No! I am on my way to the reserve room. Thanks again!KeyA. Answer the following questions.1)What's the student's problem?Key: According to the syllabus, the book he is looking for is in the library, but he couldn't find it.2)What's the meaning of "on reserve"?Key: That means the student cannot find the book on the shelves in its usual place.She/He needs to go to a special room called the reserve room.3)Why does the professor put the books on reserve?Key: The professor wants every one in the class to read the chapter. If one student removes the book from the library, it is likely that none of the other students willhave the opportunity to read it. So, the professor has insured that all students havethe opportunity to read it by placing it on reserve.B. Decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape.1)The student has the syllabus in his hand all the time. [ F ]2)The reserve room is down the hall and to the right. [ T ]3)Once the students find the book on reserve, they can read it for a very long time. [ F ]Task 3ScriptHello and welcome to the university library. This taped tour will introduce you to our library facilities and operating hours.First of all, the library's collection of books, reference materials, and other resources are found on levels one to four of this building. Level one houses our humanities and map collections. On level two, you will find our circulation desk, current periodicals and journals, and our copy facilities. Our science and engineering sections can be found on level three. You can also find back issues of periodicals and journals older than six months on this level. Finally, group study rooms, our microfilm collection, and the multimedia center are located on level four.Undergraduate students can check out up to five books for two weeks. Graduate students can check out fifteen books for two months. Books can be renewed up to two times.There is a 50-cents- a-day late fee for overdue books up to a maximum of $ 15. Periodicals and reference books cannot be checked out.The library is open weekdays, 8:00 am to 10:00 pm, and on Saturdays from 9:00 am to 8:30 pm. The library is closed on Sundays.KeyA. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.1) Level one houses__________, ( c)a) current periodicals and journals b) our copy facilitiesc) our humanities and map collections d) our science and engineering sections2) Back issues of periodicals and journals older than six months are located on level ______. (c)a) one b) two c) three d) fourB. Fill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.Undergraduate students can check out up to five books for two weeks. Graduate students can check out fifteen books for two months. Books can be renewed up to two times. There is a 50-cents- a-day late fee for overdue books up to a maximum of $15. Periodicals and reference books cannot be checked out.The library is open weekdays, 8:00 am to 10:00 pm. and on Saturdays from 9:00 am to 8:30 pm. The library is closed on Sundays.Task 4ScriptRandall: Hi Faith. Do you have a minute?Faith: Sure. What's up?Randall: Well, I just wanted to go over the schedule for Wednesday's orientation meeting to make sure everything is ready.Faith: Okay. Here's a copy of the tentative s chedule. [OK] Now, the registration starts at 8:30 and goes until 9:15. [All right] Then, the orientation meeting will commence at 9:30.Randall: Okay. Now, we had planned originally for the meeting to go until 10:30, but now we have someone from the international center coming to speak to the students onextracurricular activities, so how about ending the meeting around 11?Faith: Fine. And, uh, then students will take the placement tests from 11:15 until noon [OK.], followed by 20-minute break before lunch. [OK.] And, immediately after lunch, we have reserved a campus shuttle to give students a 45-minute tour starting at 1:30. [Oh. OK.] We want to show students around the university, including the union building, the library, and the student services building.Randall: Great. Now, how about the oral interviews?Faith: Well, we're planning to start them at 2:15.Randall: Uh, well, teachers are going to be up to their ears in preparations, and they'll be hard pressed to start then.Faith: OK, let's get things rolling around 2:45.Randall: OK, here, let me jot that down. Uh, could you grab a pen off my desk?Faith: Right. Finding anything on your desk is like finding a needle in a haystack. [Oh, it’s not that bad.] Here, use mine.Randall: OK. And we'll need 150 copies of this programme guide by then.Faith: Hey. That's a tall order on such short notice! How about lending me a hand to put things together [OK.] by this afternoon so we don't have to worry about them? Randall: OK. And I think the manager has given the green light to go ahead and use the more expensive paper and binding for the guides this time.Faith: OK. So the interviews will go from 2:45 until, let's say, 4:30. [OK] I hope we can wrap things up by 5.Randall: Great. I think the bottom line is to keep things running smoothly throughout the day. Faith: I agree. I'll pass this schedule by the director for a final look.KeyA. Complete the following schedule according to the dialogue.1) Why do they change the ending time of the orientation meeting?Key: Because now they have someone from the international center coming to speak to the students on extracurricular activities.2) What do they want the students to see during the shuttle tour?Key: They want to show students around the university, including the union building, the library, and the student services building.C. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.1)Uh, well, teachers are going to be up to their ears in preparations, and they'll be hardpressed to start then.2)Okay, here, let me jot that down. Uh, could you grab a pen off my desk?3)Finding anything on your desk is like finding a needle in a haystack.4)Great. I think the bottom line is to keep things running smoothly throughout the day.Task 5ScriptReceptionist: Good morning. Can I help you?Student: Yes, please. I would want to have some information about the... erm... the courses at Swan School.Receptionist: Is that a summer course you're interested in?Student: Yes. Yes, please.Receptionist: Yes. Fine. OK. Well, we have... erm... short intensive full-time courses during the summer.Student: Mm-mm. I would want to know the length of one course.Receptionist: Yes. Each course lasts for three weeks.Student: How many hours per week, please?Receptionist: Well, it's about 23 hours a week. Usually four and a half days each week.Student: You must have a lot of students in the class, haven't you?Receptionist: We have a lot of students in the school but in the classes only about between 12 and 14 students.Student: 12 and 14. Could you please give me the dates of the first and the second course?Receptionist: Yes, certainly. The first course begins on the 3rd of July and lasts until the 20th of July and the second course is from the 24th of July until the 10th of August.Student: What about the fees per course?Receptionist: Yes, each... each course costs £150 plus VAT, which is 15 percent, and a £5 registration fee.Student: And deposit, please?Receptionist: Yes. For each course we need a deposit of £20 and the £5 registration fee.Student: Oh thank you. Do we have to find our... our own accommodation? Receptionist: No, we can do that for you. We have a lady who arranges the accommodation for you with Oxford families.Student: How much does it cost?Receptionist: Well, you can choose to have bed and breakfast only which is £20 a week, or bed, breakfast and dinner which is about £27 a week.Student: £27. Thank you very much.Receptionist: You're welcome.KeyAnswer the following questions.1)What does the student want?Key: The student wants to have some information about the courses at Swan School.2)How long will a course last?Key: Each course lasts for three weeks.3)How many hours of classes are there in a week? And how many days?Key: It's about 23 hours a week. Usually four and a half days each week.4)What are the dates of the first and the second course?Key: The first course begins on the 3rd of July and lasts until the 20th of July and the second course is from the 24th of July until the 10th of August.5)What are the fees per course?Key: Each course costs £150 plus VAT, which is 15 percent, and a £5 registration fee.6)How much is the deposit for each course?Key: For each course the deposit is £20.7)Where will the students live?Key: A lady arranges the accommodation for the students with Oxford families.8)How much will the accommodation cost?Key: They can choose to have bed and breakfast only which is £20 a week, or bed, breakfast and dinner which is about £27 a week.Task 6ScriptEvery year, high school juniors and seniors from across the US take the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT I)The SAT I is a three-hour exam that tests students' math and verbal skills. Most universities will not accept students without this test. It is also used to help decide how much financial aid should be given to each student.Scores range from 200 to 800 for each part. There is a total of 1,600 points. The test is held every year from October to June. But seniors must take it before December in order to include their scores in their university applications. The average total score for an American high school student is around 1,000.A poor SAT score can prevent a student from going to a good university. Students who want to go to one of American's best universities, such as Harvard or Yale, must score between 1,430 and 1,600.The test can be taken over and over again, but all the scores will appear on the students' records. However, unlike Chinese universities, the score is not the only thing needed. American universities also look at a student's subject grades, what they do outside of school, and their teachers' recommendations.In addition to the SAT I, some universities require high school students to take at least three SATⅡs. These one-hour exams can be taken in any subject, for example chemistry or French.KeyA. Decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape.1)Only the students who are going to graduate from high school will take the exam.[ F ]2)The SAT I is a three-hour exam that tests students' math and verbal skills. [ T ]3)The average total score for an American high school student is around 1,600. [ F ]B. Answer the following questions.1)How important is the test?Key: Most universities will not accept students without this test. It is also used to decide how much financial aid should be given to each student.2)How much should the score be for those who want to go to Harvard or Yale?Key: They must score between 1,430 and 1,600.3)What else will the American universities look at besides the score?Key: American universities also look at a student's subject grades, what they do outside of school, and their teachers' recommendations.4)What is the SAT II?Key: The SAT II is the one-hour exam that can be taken in any subject, for example chemistry or French.Task 7ScriptJapanese students need 12 years of study before entering universities.They choose the places they want to go and apply before January of their final year. The university entrance exam is a standard nationwide test held every year in January. It provides tests for 31 subjects in six subject areas: Japanese language, geography and history, civics, math, science and a foreign language. All national and public universities, as well as some private ones make use of this exam. But many places also have their own tests in February or later, before the new school year starts in April.In order to pass the exam for the best universities such as the National University of Tokyo, many students attend special preparation schools on top of their regular classes. These extra schools can last for one to two years between high school and university.Although every student has the chance of going to a Japanese university, only 50 percent of high school seniors actually choose further study.KeyA. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.1)The Japanese students will apply for a university before ______ of their final year.(a)a) January b) February c) April d)July2)The university entrance exam provides tests for _______subjects in ____ subjectareas. (c)a) 30; 6 b) 30; 7 c) 31; 6 d)39;163)What kind of universities will make use of this exam? (d)a) All national universities. b) All public universitiesc) Some private universities. d) All of the above.4)How many high school seniors will choose further study? (c)a) All of them. b) More than halfc) Only half of them. d) Less than halfB. Answer the following questions.1) Why do many students attend the special preparation school?Key: Many students attend special preparation schools besides their regular classes, in order to pass the exam for the best universities such as the national University of Tokyo.2) How long do these extra schools last?Key: These extra schools can last for one to two years between high school and university.Task 8ScriptThe School was opened in 1955 and is part of a non-profit-making educational foundation. Its 200 students, from 30-40 countries, work in large, attractive buildings set in extensive, beautiful gardens, within easy reach of the centre of Cambridge. The School has dining rooms, a library, video filming studio, language laboratories, listening and self-access study centres, computres, as well as facilities for tennis, table tennis, volleyball, basketball, badminton and football.General English classes are for students aged 17+. Complete beginners are not accepted. Students have classes for 21 hours a week. Other subjects available within the General English timetable include English for Business and English Literature. The cost of tuition, materials and books per term is £1,130. Accommodation is with local families. Lunch is provided in the School Monday to Friday. All other meals are taken with the family. There is a full range of social activities including excursions, discos and theatre-visits. The total cost of all non-tuition services is £670 per term. There are 3 terms of 10 weeks and summer courses of 9 weeks and 3 1/2 weeks.KeyA. Answer the following questions.1) What kind of school is it?Key: It's a non-profit-making educational foundation.2) Do they accept complete beginners?Key: No, complete beginners are not accepted.3) What other subjects within the General English timetable do they have?Key: Other subjects available within the General English timetable include English for Business and English Literature.B. Complete the following sentences with what your hear on the tape.1)Its 200 students, from 30-40 countries, work in large, attractive buildings set inextensive, beautiful gardens, within easy reach of the centre of Cambridge.2)The School has dining rooms, a library, video filming studio, language laboratories,listening and self-access study centres, computers, as well as facilities for tennis, table tennis, volleyball, basketball, badminton and football.3)Students have classes for 21 hours a week.4)The cost of tuition, materials and books per term is £1,130.5)Lunch is provided in the School Monday to Friday. All other meals are taken with thefamily.6)The total cost of all non-tuition services is £670 per term. There are 3 terms of 10weeks and summer courses of 9 weeks and 3 1/2 weeks.Task 9ScriptThis school has a capacity of 220 students. It occupies a 19th century building in a quiet tree- filled square close to Victoria Station in central London.General courses, either in the mornings or afternoons, comprise 15 50-minute periods per week. We cater for a wide range of classes from beginners to advanced, enabling us to place students at the level indicated by the special entry test which all students take. There are usually no more than 14 students in a class. In addition to the 15 lessons, there are daily individual laboratory sessions and lectures on life in Britain at no extra cost.There are 8 classrooms, a multi-media learning centre, language laboratory, video, computer, lecture hall, canteen. We are open from January to December for courses of 3 to 14 weeks. There is a special 2-week Easter Course and Refresher Courses for overseas teachers of English in summer. Fees are approximately £46 per week for general courses. Accommodation can be arranged with selected families with half board. There is a full social programme and regular excursions.KeyA. Answer the following questions.1) How many students can this school have?Key: This school has a capacity of 220 students.2) Where is this school located?Key: It is located in a quiet tree-filled square close to Victoria Station in central London.3) What do they have besides the 15 lessons?Key: In addition to the 15 lessons, there are daily individual laboratory sessions and lectures on life in Britain at no extra cost.4) What kind of special courses do they have in summer?Key: There is a special 2-week Easter Course and Refresher Courses for overseas teachers of English in the summer.B. Decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape.1) This school accepts only beginners. [ F ]2) Generally speaking there are 24 students in a class. [ F ]3) Accommodation can be arranged with selected families with half-board. [ T ]Task 10This school, founded in 1953, is a non-profit making Charitable Trust. Situated in residential North Oxford, 3 km from the city centre, the College occupies a complex of purpose-built blocks and 14 large Victorian houses providing academic and residential accommodation. Facilities include an excellent library, video room, language laboratories, computer room, science laboratories, assembly hall and coffee bar.A particular benefit for the EFL student is the opportunity to live and study with native English speakers taking the two-year International Baccalaureate course, or courses at university level.All students are encouraged to participate in social and extracurricular activities including sports, horse riding, drama, art, crafts, photography, films, concerts and excursions.Academic Year Courses (21 hours per week) leading to all principal EFL examinations, concentrate on language with selected studies in Literature, Politics, History, Art History, and Computing. Most students live in college houses each supervised by a resident warden, but some prefer family accommodation.KeyA. Answer the following questions.1) What kind of school is it?Key: This school, founded in 1953, is a non-profit making Charitable Trust.2) Where is the school?Key: It is situated in residential North Oxford, 3 km from the city centre.3) What is the benefit for the EFL student?Key: A particular benefit for the EFL student is the opportunity to live and study with native English speakers taking the two-year International Baccalaureate course, orcourses at university level.4) What extracurricular activities do they have?Key: Their extracurricular activities include sports, horse riding, drama, art, crafts, photography, films, concerts and excursions.B. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.1) Facilities include an excellent library, video room, language laboratories, computerroom, science laboratories, assembly hall and coffee bar.2) Most students live in college houses each supervised by a resident warden, but some prefer family accommodation.Task 11ScriptCindy Farrow is Andy and Kate Morgan's American cousin. She is 18 years old. She comes from California, on the west coast of the USA. She lives with her parents in San Francisco. She is a student at Berkeley College where she is studying modem languages. She wants to be an interpreter when she leaves university.She has many interests and hobbies. She loves reading, swimming and surfing but her favorite hobby is white-water rafting on the Colorado River. She thinks it's very exciting.At the moment Cindy is on her way to England to stay with the Morgans in Dover.。
Chapter07 Labour costs劳动成本((含答案))_1454
Chapter07 Labor costsPriority = HighExam GuidanceYou will be expected to illustrate different remuneration policyand incentive schemes. Their characteristics must be always inyour mind. And you must be familiar with the computation oftotal pay of employee. You will also need to be aware of theprocedures and documents required for recording labour costs.1. Measuring labour activity1.1 Corresponding concepts1.1.1 Production is the quantity or volume of output produced.1.1.2 Productivity is a measure of the efficiency with whichoutput has been produced. It is also called efficiency ratio .Ratio > 100% : efficient labour Ratio < 100%:Example: Suppose that an employee is expected to produce 3 units in every hour that he works. The standard rate of productivity is 3 units per hour. If, during one week, the employee makes 126Productivity/efficiency ratio =Expected hours =Actual output Expected outputunits in 40 hours of work the following comments can be made. 1.1.3 Standard hour of production is a concept used instandard costing, and means the number of units that can beproducedby one worker working in the standard way at thestandard rate for one hour.1.1.4 Production volume ratio 1.1.5 Capacity ratio represents how much production capacityis utilized.Standard hour of production =Budgeted output Budgeted hoursCapacity ratio Actual hours takenRelationship between the three ratiosProduction volume ratio= Efficiency ratio X capacity ratioExample:Rush and Fluster Co budgets to make 25,000 standard units of output(in four hours each) during a budget period of 100,000 hours. Actual output during the period was 27,000 units which took 120,000 hours to make.Required:Calculate the efficiency, capacity and production volume ratios.1.2 How to enhance production and productivity?Production can be increased by the following ways.a) Working overtimeb) Hiring extra staffc) Sub-contracting some work to an outside firmd) Managing the work force so as to achieve more output.Productivity would be improved if a production department produces the same amount of output as soon as possible.1.3 Effect of productivity on costAn increase in productivity will reduce labour cost per unit.Example:Clooney Co has a production department in its factory consisting of a work team of just two men, Doug and George.Doug and George each work a 40 hour week and refuse to do any overtime. They are each paid $100 per week and production overheads of $400 per week are charged to their work.ⅰ.In week one, they produce 160 units of output between them. Productivity is measured in units of output per manhour.ⅱ.In week two, management pressure is exerted on Doug and George to increase output and they produce 200 units innormal time.ⅲ. In week three, Doug and George agree to work a total of 20 hours of overtime for an additional $50 wages. Output isagain 200 units and overhead charges are increased by$100.［2002_dec Section A _20］There would be an increase in thetotal cost for labour as a result of:(i) additional labour being employed on a temporary basis.(ii) a department with spare capacity being made to work more hours.(iii) a department which is at full capacity switching from the production of one product to another.Which of the above is/are correct?A (i) onlyB (ii) onlyC (iii) onlyD (i) and (iii) only［Answer］A1.4 Effect of automation on productivityRising wage rates have increased automation, which in turn has improved productivity and reduced costs. Where automation is introduced, productivity is often, but misleadingly, measured in terms of output per man-hour. A new measure of productivity is required, that is output per machine hour.Example:Suppose, for example, that a work-team of six men (240 hours per week) is replaced by one machine (40 hours per week) anda team of four men (160 hours per week), and as a resultoutput is increased from 1,200 units per week to 1,600 units. 2. Remuneration policies2.1 Effect of labour remuneration policiesa) The morale and efficiency of employeesb) The cost of finished goods and services2.2 Time work (day-rate system)Employees are paid a basic rate per hour, day or week irrespective of production achieved.Wages = Hours worked ×rate of pay per hourIf an employee works for more hours than the basic daily requirement he may be entitled to an overtime payment.If an employee works unsocial hours he may be entitled to a shift premium.Summary of day-rate systema) They are easy to understand.b) They do not lead to very complex negotiations when theyare being revised.c) They are most appropriate when the quality of output ismore important than the quantity, or where there is no basis for payment by performance.d) Basic time rate provides no incentive to improveproductivity and close supervision is necessary, thus bonuses or commissions are often paid to encourage efficient and effective working.Its effect on the cost per unit［1-2_pilotpaper Section A _22］Scaynes employs two types of labour: skilled workers, considered to be direct workers, and semi-skilled workers, considered to be indirect workers. Skilled workers are paid £10 per hour and semi-skilled £6 per hour. The skilled workers have worked 30 hours overtime this week, 10 hours on a specific order and 20 hours on general overtime. Overtime is paid at a rate of time and a half.The semi-skilled workers have worked 45 hours overtime, 15 hours for a specific order at a customer’s request and the rest for general purposes. Overtime again is paid at time and a half.What would be the total overtime pay considered to be a direct cost for this week?A £195B £285C £350D £485［Answer］D2.3 Piecework schemesU nder this method, a fixed amount is paid per unit of output achieved, irrespective of time spent.Wages=Units produced × Rate of pay per unitA guaranteed minimum wage will make them not to suffer lossof earnings when production is low through no fault of their own.Where an employee makes several different types of product, a standard time allowance make it possible to add up the units to arrive at a total of piecework hours for payment purposes. Differential piecework schemes offer an incentive to employees to increase their output by paying higher rates for increased levels of production.What is conversion cost?Summary of piecework schemesa) They enjoy fluctuating popularity.b) They are occasionally used by employers as a means ofincreasing pay levels.c) They are often seen to drive employees to work too hard toearn a satisfactory wage.[2006-Dec-44] An organization operates a piecework system of remuneration, but also guarantees its employees 80% of a time-based rate of pay which is based on $20 per hour for an eight hour working day. Three minutes is the standard time allowed per unit of output. Piecework is paid at the rate of $18 per standard hour.If an employee produces 200 units in eight hours on aparticular day, what is the employee's gross pay for that day?A. $128B. $144C. $160D. $180Answer: DExample:The following levels of output produced in one day:Normal working day 8 hoursHourly rate of pay (time basis) ₤5.50 per hourStandard time allowed to produce one unit 3 minutesPiecework rate ₤0.10 per standard minutePremium bonus 75% of time saved, in addition to hpayRequired: For the following levels of output produced in one day:a) 80 units; b) 120 units; c) 210 units;Calculate earnings based on:1) Piecework, where earnings are guaranteed at 80% oftime-based pay,2) Hourly pay with premium bonus.2.4 Bonus/incentive schemesThe characteristics of bonus/incentive schemes.a) Employees are paid more for their efficiency.b) The profits arising from productivity improvements areshared between employer and employee.c) Morale of employees is likely to improve since they are seento receive extra reward for extra effort.The conditions required to operate successfully for a bonus/incentive scheme.a) Its objectives should be clearly stated and attainable by theemployees.b) The rules and conditions of the scheme should be easy tounderstand.c) It must win the full acceptance of everyone concerned.d) It should be seen to be fair to employees and employers.e) The bonus should ideally be paid soon after the extra efforthas been made by the employees.f) Allowances should be made for external factors outside theemployees' control which reduce their productivity (machinebreakdowns, material shortages).g) Only those employees who make the extra effort should berewarded.h) The scheme must be properly communicated to employees.system2.4.1High day-rate systemA high day-rate system is a system where employees are paid a high hourly wage rate in the expectation that they will work more efficiently than similar employees on a lower hourly rate in a different company.Example:If an employee would make 100 units in a 40 hour week if he were paid $2 per hour, but he were paid $2.50 per hour, if output is 120 units. Production overhead is added to cost at the rate of $2 per direct labour hour, costs per unit of output would be lower with the efficiency rising.The advantages of high day-rate systema) It is simple to calculate and easy to understand.b) It guarantees the employee a consistently high wage.The disadvantages of such schemes are as follows.a) Employees cannot earn more than the fixed hourly rate fortheir extra effort.b) There is no guarantee that the scheme will work consistently.c) Employees may prefer to work at a normal rate of output. Example:X Ltd has an average of 42 workers employed in one of itsfactories in a period. The company pays a basic rate of ₤4.60 per hour to all its direct personnel. This is used as the standard rate. In addition, a factory wide bonus scheme is in operation. A bonus of half of the efficiency ratio in excess of 100% is added as a percentage to the basic hourly rate, for example if the efficiency ratio is 110%, then the hourly rate is ₤4.83 (i.e. ₤4.60 + (5% X ₤4.60)).During the period, 114,268 units of the company’s single product were manufactured in 4,900 hours. The standard hour is 22 units.Required:Calculate the hourly wages rate paid and total wages for the period.4900*22=107800(114268-107800)/107800=6%schemes2.4.2Individual bonus schemesIndividual employees qualify for a bonus on top of their basic wage, with each person's bonus being calculated separately.To be successful, it must take account of the following factors. a) Each individual should be rewarded for the work done bythat individual.b) Work should be fairly routine, so that standard times can beset for jobs.c) The bonus should be paid soon after the work is done, toprovide the individual with the incentive to try harder.schemes2.4.3Group bonus schemesA group bonus scheme is an incentive plan which is related to the output performance of an entire group of workers, a department, or even the whole factory.The advantages of group bonus schemes.a) They are easier to administer because they reduce theclerical effort required to measure output and calculate individual bonuses.b) They increase co-operation between fellow workers.c) They have been found to reduce accidents, spoilage, wasteand absenteeism.Serious disadvantages would occur in the following circumstances.a) The employee groups demand low efficiency standards as acondition of accepting the scheme.b) Individual employees are browbeaten by their fellowworkers for working too slowly.Example:Which of the following statements is/are true about group bonus schemes?(i) Group bonus schemes are appropriate when increased output depends on a number of people all making extra effort(ii) With a group bonus scheme, it is easier to award each individual's performance(iii) Non-production employees can be rewarded as part of a group incentive schemeA. (i) onlyB. (i) and (ii) onlyC. (i)and (iii) onlyAnswer: Cschemes2.4.4Profit sharing schemesA profit sharing scheme is a scheme in which employees receive a certain proportion of their company's year-end profits.The advantage of these schemes is that the company will only pay what it can afford out of actual profits and the bonus can be paid also to non-production personnel.The disadvantages of profit sharing are as follows.a) Employees must wait until the year end for a bonus. Thecompany is therefore expecting a long-term commitment to greater efforts and productivity from its workers without the incentive of immediate reward.b) Factors affecting profit may be outside the control ofemployees, in spite of their greater efforts.c) Too many employees are involved in a single scheme for thescheme to have a great motivating effect on individuals.2.4.4.1 Incentive schemes involving sharesA share option scheme gives its members the right to buy shares in the company at a set date in the future and at a price usually determined when the scheme is set up.Golden HandcuffsAn employee share ownership plan（ESOP）is a scheme which acquires shares on behalf of a number of employees, and it must distribute these shares within a certain number of years of acquisition.Those schemes make workers feel they have a stake in the company which employs them.The disadvantages of these schemes are as follows.a) The benefits are not certain, as the market value of shares ata future date cannot realistically be predicted in advance.b) The benefits are not immediate, as a scheme must be inexistence for a number of years before members can exercise their rights.2.4.4.2 Value added incentive schemesValue added= sales - cost of bought-in materials and servicesThe advantage of value added over profit as the basis for an incentive scheme is that it excludes any bought-in costs, and is affected only by costs incurred internally, such as labor. Example:Swetton Tyres Co manufactures a single product. Its work force consists of 10 employees, who work a 36-hour week exclusive of lunch and tea breaks. The standard time required to make one unit of the product is two hours, but the current efficiency ratio (or productivity) being achieved is 80%. No overtime is worked, and the work force is paid $4 per attendance hour.Because of agreements with the work force about work procedures, there is some unavoidable idle time due to bottlenecks in production, and about 4 hours per week per person are lost in this way.The company can sell all the output it manufactures, and makes a 'cash profit' of $20 per unit sold, deducting currently achievable costs of production but before deducting labour costs. An incentive scheme is proposed whereby the work force would be paid $5 per hour in exchange for agreeing to new work procedures that would reduce idle time per employee per week to 2 hours and also raise the efficiency ratio to 90%.Required:Evaluate the incentive scheme from the point of view of profitability.[2006-Dec-SectionA-11] A jobbing company operates a premium bonus scheme for its employees of 75% of the time saved compared with the standard time allowance for a job, at the normal hourly rate. The data relating to Job 1206 completed by an employee is as follows:Allowed time for Job 1206 4 hoursTime taken to complete Job 1206 3 hours Normal hourly rate of pay $8What is the total pay of the employee for Job 1206?A. 24B. 30C. 32D. 38Answer: B3. Recording labour costs3.1 Personnel departmentResponsibilitiesa) Engagement, transfer and discharge of employees.b) Classification and method of remuneration.c) Prepare personnel record cardd) Maintain records of overtime and shift working.e) Issuing reports to management on normal and overtimehours worked, absenteeism and sickness, lateness, labourturnover and disciplinary action.3.2 Production planning departmentThis department is responsible for the following.a) Scheduling workb) Issuing job orders to production departmentsc) Chasing up jobs when they run late3.3 Timekeeping departmentThe timekeeping department is responsible for recording the attendance time and job time of the following.a) The time spent in the factory by each workerb) The time spent by each worker on each jobThe relevant use of this information P148time3.3.1Attendance timeTime of absence/arrival/breaks/departure should be included in an attendance record.3.3.2Job timetimeWhen the work is not repetitive, the following records are required.a) Daily time sheetsb) Weekly time sheetsc) Job cardsd) Piecework ticket/Operation cardtime3.3.3Idle timeThe idle time ratio is useful because it shows the proportion of available hours which were lost as a result of idle time.Idle time ratio=idle time÷total timeClock cardsThese record the time of arrival, time of breaks and time of departure for employees.Time sheetsThese record how employees’ time has been spent.Job cardsThese prepared for each job. When an employee works on a job he records on the job card the time spent on that job. Job cards also carry instructions to the operator on how the job is to be carried out.Route cardsThese are similar to job cards, except that they follow the job through the works and carry details of all operations to be carried out.Idle time cardsThese cards record the unproductive hours incurred by the employees.Piecework ticket /Operation cardsOperation card records the total number of items produced and the number of rejects. Payment is only made for ‘good’ production.It is important to note that:- Wages are calculated based on clock cards/operation cards.- Production costs are obtained from the time sheets/job cards/route cards.[2006-Jun-SectionA-15] The following statements refer to situations occurring in Process Q of an organisation which operates a series of consecutive processes:(i) D irect labour is working at below the agreed productivitylevel.(ii) A machine breakdown has occurred.(iii) Direct labour is waiting for work to be completed in a previous process.Which of these situations could give rise to idle time?A (i)and (ii) onlyB (i)and (iii) onlyC (ii) and (iii) onlyD (i)，(ii) and (iii)Answer: C3.4 Wages departmentResponsibilities of the payroll department.a) Preparation of the payroll and payment of wages.b) Maintenance of employee records.c) Summarizing wages cost for each cost centre.d) Summarizing the hours worked for each cost centre.e) Summarizing other payroll information eg bonus payment,pensions etc.f) Providing an internal check for the preparation and payoutof wages.3.5 Cost accounting departmentResponsibilities of cost accounting department.a) The accumulation and classification of all cost data (whichincludes labour costs).b) P reparation of cost data reports for management.c) Analysing labour information on time cards and payroll.Analyses of labour costs are used for the following.a) Charging wages directly attributable to production to theappropriate job or operation.b) Charging wages which are not directly attributable toproduction as follows.(i) Idle time of production workers is charged to indirectcosts as part of the overheads.(ii) Wages costs of supervisors, or store assistants are charged to the overhead costs of the relevantdepartment.c) Producing idle time reports which show a summary of thehours lost through idle time, and the cause of the idle time.4．Labour turnover4.1 Measuring labour turnoverLabour turnover rate=Replacements ÷Average number of employees in periodExample:Revolving Doors Inc had a staff of 2,000 at the beginning of 20X1 and, owing to a series of redundancies caused by the recession, 1,000 at the end of the year. Voluntary redundancy was taken by 1,500 staff at the end of June, 500 more than the company had anticipated, and these excess redundancies were immediately replaced by new joiners.500/[(1000+2000)/2]=0.33Example:A company had 30 direct production employees at the beginningof last year and 20 direct production employees at the end of the year. During the year, a total of 15 direct production employees had left the company to work for a local competitor. The labourturnover rate for last year was:A. 16.7%B. 20.0%C. 25.0%D. 60.0%Answer: B4.2 The costs of labour turnovercosts4.2.1Replacement costsa) Cost of selection and placementb) Inefficiency of new labour; productivity will be lowerc) Costs of trainingd) Loss of output due to delay in new labour becoming availablee) Increased wastage and spoilage due to lack of expertiseamong new stafff) The possibility of more frequent accidents at workg) Cost of tool and machine breakages4.2.2Preventative costscostsa) Cost of personnel administration incurred in maintaininggood relationshipsb) Cost of medical services including check-ups, nursing staffand so onc) Cost of welfare services, including sports facilities andcanteen mealsd) Pension schemes providing security to employees［2001_dec Section A _8］Which of the following relates to the cost of replacing (rather than retaining) labour due to high employee turnover?A Improving working conditionsB Suffering the learning curve effectC Provision of a pensionD Provision of welfare services［Answer］B［Explanation］Working conditions, pension provisions andwelfare are all costs relating to retaining, not replacing, labour.4.3 The reasons for labour turnoverUnavoidable:a) Illness or accidentsb) A family move away from the localityc) Marriage, pregnancy or difficulties with child care provisiond) Retirement or deathAvoidable:a) Paying a lower wage rate than is available elsewhere.b) Requiring employees to work in unsafe or highly stressfulconditions.c) Requiring employees to work uncongenial hours.d) Poor relationships between management and staff.e) Lack of opportunity for career enhancement.f) Requiring employees to work in inaccessible places (eg nopublic transport).g) Discharging employees for misconduct, bad timekeeping orunsuitability.4.4 The prevention of high labour turnovera) Paying satisfactory wagesb) Offering satisfactory hours and conditions of workc) Creating a good informal relationship between members ofthe workforced) Offering good training schemes and a well-understood careeror promotion laddere) Improving the content of jobs to create job satisfactionf) Proper planning so as to avoid redundanciesg) Investigating the cause of an apparently high labourturnover5. Accounting for labour costs5.1 Direct and indirect labour costsBasic pay :Direct worker : directIndirect worker: indirect (one exception)Overtime premiumDirect worker : indirect (two exception)Indirect worker: indirect (one exception)Idle time:indirectShift allownce:indirectSick pay:indirectBonus paymentsIndirectExample:A company operates a factory which employed 40 direct workers throughout the four-week period just ended. Direct employees were paid at a basic rate of $4.00 per hour for a 38-hour week. Total hours of the direct workers in the four-week period were 6,528. Overtime, which is paid at a premium of 35%, is worked in order to meet general production requirements.Employees’ tax is total 30% of gross wages. 188 hours of direct workers’ time during overtime were registered as idle.Required: Calculate total gross wages for the period and analyse into: (1) Direct labour cost; (2) Indirect labour cost.40*38*4=60806528-6080=448Direct labour cost（6080+448）*4=26112Indirect labour cost 448*4*35%=627.25.2 Account relating to labor costWage control accountWIP control accountProduction overhead control accountFinished goods control account5.3 Journal entries- To record total wages incurred:Dr Wages control accountCr Net wages payablePAYE(pay as you earn) payableNI(national insurance) payable- To allocate the labor costsDr Work in progress control accountCr Wage control accountDr Production overhead control account or non-productionoverhead control accountCr Wage control account- To record costs transferred from WIP to finished goodsDr Finished goods control accountCr Work in progress control accountExample:Steel company has 750 employees,Direct workers Indirect workers Total Ordinary time 36,000 22,000 5 Overtime:basic wage 8,700 5,430 1premium 4,350 2,715 Shift allowance 3,465 1,830Sick pay 950 500Idle time 3,20056,665 32,475 8Net wages paid toemployees 45,60524,2206Required:Prepare the wages control account for the week.WAGES CONTROL ACCOUNTWork in progress - direct labour44,700Productionoverheadcontrol Bank: net wagespaid69,825 Indirect labour 27,430Overtime premium7,065Shift allowance 5,295Sick pay 1,450Deductions controlaccounts19,315Idle time3,20089,140 Total 89,140［2007-Jun-SectionA-12］ A company manufactures two products K1 and K2 in a factory consisting of two cost centres, Yand Z. The following budgeted data are available:Cost centreY Z Allocated and apportioned576,000 288,000 fixed overhead costsDirect labor hours perunit:Product K1 5 2 Product K2 3 4 Budgeted output is 12,000 units of each product. Fixed overheadcosts are absorbed on a direct labor hour basisWhat is the budgeted fixed overhead cost per unit for productK2?A. 34B. 36C. 38D. 42Answer: A［2005_dec Section A _17］Which one of the following would be classified as indirect labour?A Assembly workers on a car production lineB Bricklayers in a house building companyC Machinists in a factory producing clothesD Forklift truck drivers in the stores of an engineering company［Answer］D［2004_dec Section A _24］Which one of the following groups of workers would be classified as indirect labour?A Machinists in an organization manufacturing clothesB Bricklayers in a house building companyC Maintenance workers in a shoe factoryD Assembly workers in a vehicle manufacturing business［Answer］Ckey questionsa) Direct and indirect labour costsRemember that if overtime is worked at the specific requestof a customer (on a job or contract, for example)，then thiswill be classified as a direct cost.b) How would you define a standard hour of production?c) Efficiency, capacity and production volume ratiosd) How would you calculate the idle time ratio and the labourturnover rate?e) List six different types of incentive scheme.。
一般现在时专项训练题30题
一般现在时专项训练题30题The present simple tense is one of the most basic and commonly used tenses in the English language. It is used to describe general truths, habitual actions, and permanent situations. In this article, we will explore 30 practice questions related to the present simple tense.1. Do you like to eat fruits and vegetables?Eating fruits and vegetables is important for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. They provide essential vitamins and nutrients that our bodies need. Therefore, it is crucial to incorporate them into our daily diet.2. Does your friend play any musical instruments?Playing a musical instrument is a wonderful way to express oneself creatively. It requires dedication and practice. If my friend plays a musical instrument, it shows their passion for music and their commitment to honingtheir skills.3. What time does the sun rise in your city?The rising of the sun is a beautiful and awe-inspiring natural phenomenon. The exact time of sunrise varies depending on the time of year and geographical location. Knowing the time of sunrise can help plan activities and make the most of daylight hours.4. How often do you exercise?Regular exercise is essential for maintaining good physical and mental health. Engaging in physical activities helps improve cardiovascular health, build strength, and reduce stress. It is recommended to exercise at least three to four times a week for optimal benefits.5. Does your family have any pets?Having pets can bring joy and companionship to a family. They provide unconditional love and can teachresponsibility and empathy. Whether it's a dog, cat, or any other animal, pets become an integral part of the family.6. What do you usually do on weekends?Weekends are a time to relax and recharge after a long week of work or school. Different people have different preferences for how they spend their weekends. Some may enjoy outdoor activities like hiking or going to the beach, while others may prefer staying at home and indulging in hobbies or spending time with loved ones.7. How often do you visit your grandparents?Visiting grandparents is an opportunity to connect with family, learn from their wisdom, and create cherished memories. The frequency of visits may vary depending on factors such as distance, availability, and personal circumstances. However, it is important to make an effort to spend quality time with grandparents whenever possible.8. Does your favorite book have a happy ending?Books have the power to transport us to different worlds and evoke a wide range of emotions. A happy ending can leave the reader feeling satisfied and uplifted. It gives a sense of closure and hope, leaving a lasting impression on the reader's mind.9. What time do you usually go to bed?Getting enough sleep is crucial for overall well-being and cognitive function. The recommended amount of sleep for adults is around 7-9 hours per night. Establishing a consistent bedtime routine can help improve sleep quality and ensure a well-rested mind and body.10. Do you enjoy cooking?Cooking can be a creative and enjoyable activity for many people. It allows individuals to experiment with flavors, try new recipes, and share delicious meals with others. Whether it's a hobby or a necessary skill, cooking can bring a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction.11. How often do you go to the cinema?Going to the cinema is a popular form of entertainment for movie lovers. The frequency of cinema visits may vary depending on personal preferences, movie releases, and availability. It can be a fun way to immerse oneself in a captivating story and experience the magic of the big screen.12. Does your city have a good public transportation system?A well-developed public transportation system is essential for efficient and sustainable urban living. It provides an affordable and convenient mode oftransportation for residents and reduces traffic congestion and pollution. Accessible public transportation promotes inclusivity and connectivity within a city.13. What do you usually have for breakfast?Breakfast is often referred to as the most important meal of the day. It provides the necessary fuel tokickstart the day and maintain energy levels. Popular breakfast options include cereal, toast, eggs, fruit, and yogurt. It is important to choose a balanced and nutritious meal to support overall health and well-being.14. How often do you check your email?Email has become an integral part of communication in both personal and professional settings. The frequency of checking emails may vary depending on individual circumstances and preferences. Some people may check their emails multiple times a day, while others may prefer to check them less frequently to maintain productivity and focus.15. Do you enjoy going for walks?Walking is a simple yet effective form of exercise that can be enjoyed by people of all ages and fitness levels. It promotes cardiovascular health, strengthens muscles, andimproves mental well-being. Going for walks in nature can also provide a sense of tranquility and connection to the environment.16. What time does your favorite TV show start?Television shows have become a popular form of entertainment, offering a wide range of genres and storylines. The start time of a favorite TV show may vary depending on the broadcasting schedule and time zone. It is important to be aware of the start time to ensure not to miss an episode.17. Does your city have a lot of parks?Parks play a vital role in enhancing the quality oflife in a city. They provide green spaces for recreation, relaxation, and socialization. The presence of parks promotes physical activity, improves air quality, and enhances the overall aesthetic appeal of a city.18. What do you usually do before going to work orschool?Morning routines set the tone for the rest of the day. Before heading to work or school, individuals may engage in activities such as exercising, having breakfast, getting dressed, and preparing for the day ahead. Establishing a consistent routine can help improve productivity and mental preparedness.19. How often do you listen to music?Music is a universal language that has the power to evoke emotions and create connections. The frequency of listening to music may vary depending on personal preferences and daily routines. Some people may listen to music throughout the day, while others may reserve it for specific occasions or activities.20. Do you have any hobbies?Hobbies are a wonderful way to pursue personal interests, unwind, and explore new skills. Whether it'spainting, playing a musical instrument, gardening, or any other activity, hobbies provide a sense of fulfillment and joy. They can also serve as a form of self-expression and a means of personal growth.21. What time do you usually have lunch?Lunchtime varies depending on individual schedules and cultural norms. It is recommended to have lunch around midday to refuel the body and maintain energy levels. A balanced and nutritious lunch can contribute to overall health and well-being.22. Does your favorite sports team often win?Supporting a sports team can be an exciting and emotional experience. The success of a favorite sports team may vary from season to season. Wins and losses are part of the game, and the outcome can evoke a range of emotions, from elation to disappointment.23. How often do you read books?Reading books is a valuable and enriching activity that stimulates the mind and expands knowledge. The frequency of reading books may vary depending on personal interests, available time, and individual preferences. Some people may read daily, while others may reserve reading for leisurely weekends.24. Do you enjoy going to museums?Museums offer a unique opportunity to explore art, history, and culture. They provide a space for learning, reflection, and appreciation of human achievements. Whether it's a local museum or a renowned institution, visiting museums can be a source of inspiration and intellectual stimulation.25. What time do you usually have dinner?Dinner is often considered the main meal of the day, providing an opportunity to unwind and share a meal with loved ones. The timing of dinner may vary depending onindividual schedules and cultural norms. It is important to have a balanced and nourishing dinner to support overall health and well-being.26. Does your city have a lot of traffic congestion?Traffic congestion is a common issue in many cities around the world. It can lead to increased travel times,air pollution, and frustration among commuters. Efforts to improve public transportation, promote alternative modes of transport, and implement traffic management strategies can help alleviate congestion and create more livable cities.27. What do you usually do before going to bed?Bedtime routines are essential for winding down and preparing the body for sleep. Activities before bed may include brushing teeth, reading a book, practicing relaxation techniques, or listening to calming music. Establishing a consistent bedtime routine can promotebetter sleep quality and overall well-being.28. How often do you travel?Traveling allows individuals to broaden their horizons, experience different cultures, and create lasting memories. The frequency of travel may vary depending on personal circumstances, such as work commitments, financial resources, and personal preferences. Some people may travel frequently, while others may plan occasional trips.29. Do you enjoy spending time in nature?Nature has a calming and rejuvenating effect on the mind and body. Spending time in nature can reduce stress, improve mood, and enhance overall well-being. Whether it's hiking in the mountains, strolling along the beach, or simply sitting in a park, connecting with nature can be a source of solace and inspiration.30. What do you usually do during the holidays?Holidays provide an opportunity to relax, spend time with loved ones, and engage in activities that bring joyand fulfillment. Different people have different traditions and preferences for how they spend their holidays. Some may travel, while others may prefer to stay at home and enjoy quality time with family and friends.In conclusion, the present simple tense is a versatile and widely used tense in the English language. It allows us to describe general truths, habitual actions, and permanent situations. By practicing various questions related to the present simple tense, we can improve our understanding and usage of this fundamental aspect of English grammar.。
江西省吉安市第一中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷(含答案)
江西省吉安市第一中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解The Best Free Tourist Places in AmericaAlaska: Anchorage Market and FestivalAlthough Anchorage isn’t the capital of Alaska, it is the state’s largest city with the largest population. The Anchorage Market and Festival is open and free of charge on weekends. Anchorage is at the beginning of the Tony Knowles Coastal Trail, where walks can last between two hours and a half day.It’s free, of course.Arkansas : Walmart MuseumLying in the northwest corner of Arkansas is Bentonville, which gave birth to a little mall you may have heard of. It’s Walmart, one of the biggest companies in the world at present. It is free to visit the Walmart Museum, which attracts thousands of visitors every year. And just outside the town is the well-known Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, which is also free.Connecticut: Yale UniversityNew Haven, Connecticut was the first place in the U.S. to offer pizza to the hungry and the homeless, including students of Yale University. While in New Haven you can go on a tour of the campus (校园), where many beautiful buildings have existed for a long time. It’s the university where President Bushes, Bill and Hillary Clinton, journalist Bob Woodward, and Samuel F. B. Morse studied.Kansas: Santa Fe TrailWestern Kansas has very little light pollution. So as you travel along, stop once in a while and stare at the night sky. The Santa Fe Trail went through Kansas and you can still walk the longest remaining distance of the road just outside Dodge City.1．What may especially attract visitors to Bentonville?A. The chance to find many interesting goods.B. The chance to get trained in a large company.C. The chance to get something free in Walmart.D. The chance to get a good knowledge of Walmart.2．What can people do in New Haven?A. Make pizza with students of Yale.B. Appreciate old buildings.C. Meet famous people.D. Attend some free classes.3．Which place is more attractive to those who enjoy the peaceful night sky?A. Kansas.B. Bentonville.C. Anchorage.D. New Haven.Just this morning, my 11-year-old son shared with me a “really sad dream”. Keep in mind that this is from a boy who watches very little war news, who rarely hears his parents talk of war, who has no relatives personally involved in the war. The dream went something like this:All the fifth-grade boys from his school were soldiers in the war. Dylan and my son were on the Ukrainian side. Alex and others were fighting together with the Russians. These and other friends were found on both sides of the conflict, but none of them wanted to kill each other. They were actually trying to help and protect one another. Then a Russian soldier who was not someone the boys knew attacked Dylan. Alex and Andrew tried to warn Dylan and stop the attack, but it was too late. Dylan died. And it was very sad.Besides the emotional power of the distant war expressing itself in my son’s life, what impressed me about his dream was that there were good people fighting on both sides. Is that an 11-year-old’s myth, or could it really be true? I affirmed (肯定) his concern for all the people directly involved in the war, all of which was pretty much in line with what the experts advise.My son doesn’t get much news exposure from television, vastly preferring kid entertainment when he has a choice. And that’s. just as well. In fact, limiting children’s media exposure to war is one of the key suggestions the experts make.However, there are questions and concerns. For weeks, my son has been praying daily that we will not go to war. Now he prays the war will end soon, and that people will not get hurt or killed. A few days ago, he voiced the almost casual question, “Will the war come to Oklahoma?” I answere d no, and we agreed that we are fortunate to be far from the war. And yet, I think my son already understands that disaster —including the intentional horror of terrorism — can happen anywhere, like New York, Washington or even Oklahoma City. But still, t hat’s hardly the same as living with a daily personal fear or expectation of war reaching your home.Tonight I kissed my boy goodnight and put him to bed, as again he prayed that God would help the war to end soon. I wonder how many more nights he will have to say that prayer…4．Which of the following word can best describe the war in the boy’s dream? A．Expected. B．Natural.C．Unrealistic. D．Boring.5．What do the experts advise people to do about the war?A．Keep children from TV viewing.B．Stop thinking too much about the war.C．Show concern for whoever suffers from the war.D．Encourage children to be concerned about the war.6．How does the author feel about the war?A．Uncertain when it will come to an end.B．Fearful that it will come to Oklahoma.C．Worried that it will cause more deaths.D．Fortunate that it hasn’t affected her family.7．What is the purpose of the text?A．To show how the war affects a kid.B．To show what the war is like in a kid’s dream.C．To show what a kid should do to stop the war.D．To show what attitude a kid should take to the war.With the recent discussion about the health benefits of fish oil and other wellness plans, it can make you feel less worried to know that one thing never changes: Exercise is good for your health. Any movement, even walking, brings about a host of cardiovascular(心血管的)effects that can help you live longer, feel better, and not run out of breath when chasing children or small animals.The question of how much exercise is best, though, is open to discussion. The answer often depends on your goals. For heart health, sessions four to five times weekly might be perfect. For mental health? As The Independent reports, scientists believe there’s a pretty specific prescription(处方): Exercising for 45 minutes three to five times a week.Researchers at Yale University and the University of Oxford made the study. They examined 1.2 million subjects(实验对象)who filled out the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey at two-year intervals(间隔时间)between 2011 and 2015.Subjects who didn’t exercise at all had an average of three-and-a-half days per monthwhen they felt mentally unwell — stressed, depressed, or suffering from emotional problems — while those who exercised regularly reported an average of just two days.The study found that having three to five 45-minute sessions of exercise a week was best for reducing the reported problems of feeling stressed or depressed. Exercising for longer periods — some subjects reported more than 90 minutes in the gym — was connected with a drop-off in mental health benefits. Subjects who spent three hours at a time exercising actually reported an increase in depressive symptoms(症状).Researchers also found that the kind of exercise undertaken made a difference. While all kinds of exercise helped, people who took part in team sports promoting social communication and gym classes like cycling described greater self-satisfaction with mental health.Because the study included self-reported outcomes and exercise wasn’t monitored, it’s possible that the subjects could have misread the amount of exercise performed. The study, however, makes a convincing case for a popular opinion: If exercise were a pill, doctors everywhere would be prescribing it.8．The perfect amount of exercise for a person is usually decided by ________.A．his exercise routine B．his physical conditionC．what sports he prefers D．what he expects to improve9．What do the numbers in paragraphs 4 and 5 show?A．The health benefits of exercise.B．People’s response to hard exercise.C．How exercise influences one’s mental health.D．Why positive attitudes promote one’s exercise.10．Which of the following sports may bring people more pleasure?A．Tai chi. B．V olleyball. C．Climbing. D．Diving.11．What may be the reason for the disadvantage of the study?A．Too few participants.B．Its researchers’ personal interests.C．The subjects’ personal judgments.D．Its failure to consider doctors’ suggestions.There's more evidence that what's good for your heart is good for your head. A new studyshows that people who run, swim or do other moderate intensity （中等强度）exercise have brains that look, on average, 10 years younger than the brains of couch potatoes.“Our study showed that for old er people, getting moderate intensity exercise may be protective, helping them keep their brains work better," said Dr. Clinton Wright of the University of Miami, who led the study. But it's not necessarily easy. Walking, golf, bowling and yoga don't count, and people need to start before they begin showing memory loss, Wright' s team reported in the journal Neurology.The study of nearly 900 people who exercise regularly showed that 90 percent fell into the low-intensity group. These people are part of a larger group taking part in a bigger study called Northern Manhattan Study. They were asked how long and how often they exercised during the past two weeks. Five years later, they were tested for memory and thinking skills and got a brain MRI. Seven years after that, they took the memory and thinking tests again. The 10 percent who said they took part in moderate intensity exercise scored better on the tests. These included running, climbing, swimming, riding bicycles and so on.“We found that those with mod erate intensity activity had higher scores and slower decline than inactive people when comparing the results," the study team wrote.Many studies have shown that exercise may not prevent Alzheimer's disease but may delay it. The findings fit in with a study that found two years of exercising, eating healthier food and brain training can promote people's memory function.12．What's true about the study?A．Most people surveyed took low-intensity exercise.B．Only 900 people took part in the bigger study.C．High-intensity exercise is better.D．Ten people scored best on the tests.13．How did the study team come to the conclusion?A．By observing people exercise. B．By using examples.C．By making a comparison. D．By doing a brain MRI.14．What do we know from the last paragraph?A．Exercise will definitely strengthen people's memory.B．Alzheimer's disease may be held back by moderate intensity exercise.C．Exercise can put off the beginning of memory decline.D．The findings fit in with the study of healthy food.15．What's the best title for this passage?A．How to keep health.B．Ways to make your brain work better.C．To exercise or not.D．Moderate intensity exercises keeps your brain younger.二、七选五16．Camping is a great way to enjoy nature. You can breathe fresh air, cook over a campfire and sleep under the stars. However, camping also means dealing with bugs, bad weather and few, if any, toilets. ①_______ But there is a way to enjoy the natural world without giving up the comforts at home. It’s called glamping, and interest in it has been growing since 2007!Glamping, a combination of the words glamorous (有魅力的) and camping, is a fairly new word. ②_______Since around 600 B．C．Nomadic Mongolians have enjoyed the benefits of glamping. Their tents were so comfortable that they inspired the design of modern glamping tents!There are many reasons why you should consider glamping for your next vacation. One of them is that glamping gives you access to some wonderful places. ③_______ Nowadays, glamping can be less expensive than staying in a hotel. But you can still enjoy the modern comforts of a hotel!using much plastic. So, there is less waste, and the area stays beautiful.No matter what kind of experience you’re looking for, a glampsite exists for you. From Three Camel Lodge in Mongolia to Clayoquot Wilderness Resort in Canada, adventure is waiting for you. Sites can include a spa, a swimming pool and dinner under the stars. Activities can include exploring on horseback or camel and sightings of elephants, mountain sheep or tigers.A．You don’t have to give up beauty for comfort!B．These are all the benefits and problems camping can bring.C．These troubles can discourage people from ever trying camping.D．But it describes an activity that people have been doing for ages.E．Another reason to go glamping is that it’s good fo r the environment.F．A wide variety of glamping experiences are available all over the world.G．You can also lend a hand with protecting the environments of these places.三、完形填空（15空）Noah had never once been on his family's back porch(门廊)。
十公里到半马训练计划
十公里到半马训练计划English Answer:10K to Half Marathon Training Plan.Phase 1: Base Building.Week 1-4: Run 3-4 times per week, gradually increasing distance by 1-2 miles per week.Include easy runs, tempo runs, and long runs.Cross-train on off days with activities like cycling, swimming, or strength training.Phase 2: Mileage Increase.Week 5-8: Continue running 3-4 times per week, increasing mileage by 1-2 miles every other week.Increase long run distance by 1-2 miles per week.Focus on building endurance and consistency.Phase 3: Peak Training.Week 9-12: Run 4-5 times per week, reaching peak mileage in Week 11.Include interval training to improve speed and race day performance.Long runs should be within 3-4 miles of half marathon distance.Phase 4: Taper.Week 13-14: Gradually reduce mileage by 20-30% per week to allow for recovery.Focus on maintaining fitness and confidence.Race Week.Rest as much as possible and follow a healthy diet.Get a good night's sleep before the race.Hydrate well and eat a light meal 2-3 hours before the start.Additional Tips.Listen to your body and take rest days when needed.Cross-train regularly to prevent injuries and improve overall fitness.Stay motivated by setting realistic goals and joining a running group or community.Fuel your body with a balanced diet and proper hydration.Wear comfortable running shoes and clothing.中文回答：10 公里到半程马拉松训练计划。
小学三年级英语上册教学计划(含教学进度表)
小学三年级英语上册教学计划(含教学进度表)本册教材的重点是培养学生的语言运用能力，注重语言的实践性和交际性。
教学重点包括单词、语音、语调、句型、语法和阅读理解等方面。
教学难点主要是学生的语感和语音、语调的培养，以及语法和阅读理解的掌握。
在教学过程中，教师需要根据学生的实际情况，采用不同的教学方法和策略，帮助学生克服难点，提高研究效果。
五、教学内容安排本册教材共分为六个单元，每个单元包括词汇、语音、语调、句型、语法和阅读理解等方面的内容。
每个单元的教学时间为两周，共计十二周。
在教学过程中，教师需要根据学生的实际情况，合理安排教学进度，适当调整教学内容，确保学生能够掌握每个单元的重点和难点。
六、教学方法本册教材注重学生的语言实践能力和交际能力的培养，因此教学方法应以情境教学、任务教学和交际教学为主。
在教学过程中，教师应根据学生的实际情况，采用多种教学方法，如听说读写结合、游戏教学、多媒体教学等，激发学生的研究兴趣，提高研究效果。
七、教学评估教学评估是教学过程中不可或缺的一部分，可以帮助教师了解学生的研究情况，及时调整教学策略和方法。
本册教材的教学评估主要包括课堂测验、作业评定、口语表现、阅读理解和听力理解等方面。
教师应根据学生的实际情况，合理安排教学评估，及时反馈学生的研究情况，帮助学生提高研究效果。
XXX。
XXX。
XXX is the most important because it is the XXX' n。
spelling。
and word memory。
Each unit presents 5-6 letters。
each with two example words starting with that XXX also challenging。
as students must learn to XXX.The curriculum standards for this textbook require students to understand and speak 12 dialogues。
2023届浙江省杭州市高三下学期教学质量检测(二模)英语试题(解析版)
Week 2 | July 12-16
Week 3 | July 19-23
Week 4 | July 26-30
•Registration begins June 1, 2023 — register for minimum two weeks.
•Fees: $75 registration fee. $795 per week. Full payment must be made at time of registration.
20. How does keeping a diary help us remember our experiences?
A. By repeating them in our mind.
B. By thinking about them differently.
C. By comparing them with previous ones.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了一个科技夏令营的相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章中“Registration begins June 1, 2023 — register for minimum two weeks.(注册开始于2023年6月1日——最少注册两周)”以及“Fees: $75 registration fee. $795 per week. Full payment must be made at time of registration.(费用：75美元注册费。每周795美元。报名时须缴付全部费用)”可知，注册费75美元，每周795美元，最少注册两周，故参加科技夏令营最低花费为75+795×2=1665美元。故选D。
Vyvgart (efgartigimod alfa-fcab) 产品说明书
Vyvgart® (efgartigimod alfa-fcab)(Intravenous)Document Number: IC-0649 Last Review Date: 09/05/2023Date of Origin: 02/01/2022Dates Reviewed: 02/2022, 07/2022, 02/2023, 09/2023I.Length of Authorization 1Initial coverage will be provided for 90 days. Coverage may be renewed every 6 monthsthereafter.II.Dosing LimitsA.Quantity Limit (max daily dose) [NDC Unit]:•Vyvgart 400 mg/20 mL single-dose vial: 3 vials per week for four doses per 50 daysB.Max Units (per dose and over time) [HCPCS Unit]:•600 billable units (1200 mg) weekly for four doses per 50 daysIII.Initial Approval Criteria 1Coverage is provided in the following conditions:•Patient is at least 18 years of age; ANDUniversal Criteria 1,3•Will not be used in combination with other immunomodulatory biologic therapies (i.e., rituximab, eculizumab, ravulizumab, pegcetacoplan, satralizumab, inebilizumab, etc.); AND•Patient will avoid or use with caution medications known to worsen or exacerbate symptoms of MG (e.g., certain antibiotics, beta-blockers, botulinum toxins, hydroxychloroquine, etc.);AND•Will not be administered with live-attenuated or live vaccines during treatment; AND•Patient does not have an active infection, including clinically important localized infections;AND•Patient has a baseline immunoglobulin G (IgG) level of at least 6 g/L (600 mg/dL); ANDGeneralized Myasthenia Gravis (gMG) † Ф 1,3-5,8•Patient has Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) Clinical Classification of Class II to IV disease §; AND•Patient has a positive serologic test for anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies; AND•Patient has had a thymectomy (Note: Applicable only to patients with thymomas OR non-thymomatous patients who are 50 years of age or younger); AND•Physician has assessed objective signs of neurological weakness and fatiguability on a baseline neurological examination (e.g., including, but not limited to, the QuantitativeMyasthenia Gravis (QMG) score, etc.); AND•Patient has a baseline MG-Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) total score of at least 5; AND o Patient had an inadequate response after a minimum one-year trial of concurrent use with two (2) or more immunosuppressive therapies (e.g., corticosteroids plus animmunosuppressant such as azathioprine, cyclosporine, mycophenolate, etc.); ORo Patient required chronic treatment with plasmapheresis or plasma exchange (PE) or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in addition to immunosuppressant therapy † FDA approved indication(s); ‡ Compendia recommended indication(s); Ф Orphan Drug−Class I: Any ocular muscle weakness; may have weakness of eye closure. All other muscle strength is normal.−Class II: Mild weakness affecting muscles other than ocular muscles; may also have ocular muscle weakness ofany severity.•IIa. Predominantly affecting limb, axial muscles, or both. May also have lesser involvement of oropharyngeal muscles.•IIb. Predominantly affecting oropharyngeal, respiratory muscles, or both. May also have lesser or equal involvement of limb, axial muscles, or both.−Class III: Moderate weakness affecting muscles other than ocular muscles; may also have ocular muscleweakness of any severity.•IIIa. Predominantly affecting limb, axial muscles, or both. May also have lesser involvement of oropharyngeal muscles.•IIIb. Predominantly affecting oropharyngeal, respiratory muscles, or both. May also have lesser or equal involvement of limb, axial muscles, or both.−Class IV: Severe weakness affecting muscles other than ocular muscles; may also have ocular muscle weaknessof any severity.•IVa. Predominantly affecting limb, axial muscles, or both. May also have lesser involvement of oropharyngeal muscles.•IVb. Predominantly affecting oropharyngeal, respiratory muscles, or both. May also have lesser or equal involvement of limb, axial muscles, or both.−Class V: Defined as intubation, with or without mechanical ventilation, except when employed during routinepostoperative management. The use of a feeding tube without intubation places the patient in class IVb.IV.Renewal Criteria 1Coverage can be renewed based upon the following criteria:•Patient continues to meet universal and other indication-specific relevant criteria identified in section III; AND•Absence of unacceptable toxicity from the drug. Examples of unacceptable toxicity include: infection, severe hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., rash, angioedema, and dyspnea, etc.), etc.;AND•Patient has had an improvement (i.e., reduction) of at least 1-point from baseline in the Myasthenia Gravis-Specific Activities of Daily Living scale (MG-ADL) total score Δ; AND•Improvement in muscle strength testing with fatigue maneuvers as evidenced on neurologic examination when compared to baseline; AND•Patient requires continuous treatment, after an initial beneficial response, due to new or worsening disease activity (Note: a minimum of 50 days must have elapsed from the start of the previous treatment cycle)(Δ May substitute an improvement of at least 1-point from baseline in the Quantitative MyastheniaGravis (QMG) total score, if available)V.Dosage/Administration 1Generalized Myasthenia Gravis (gMG)Administer 10 mg/kg as an intravenous infusion over one hour once weekly for 4 weeks. In patients weighing 120 kg or more, the recommended dose of VYVGART is 1200 mg (3 vials) per infusion.Administer subsequent treatment cycles based on clinical evaluation. The safety of initiating subsequent cycles sooner than 50 days from the start of the previous treatment cycle has not been established.VI.Billing Code/Availability InformationHCPCS Code:•J9332 – Injection, efgartigimod alfa-fcab, 2 mg; 1 billable unit = 2 mgNDC:•Vyvgart 400 mg/20 mL single-dose vial: 73475-3041-xxVII.References1.Vyvgart [package insert]. Boston, MA; Argenx US, Inc., April 2022. Accessed August 2023.2.Sussman J, Farrugia ME, Maddison P, et al. Myasthenia gravis: Association of BritishNeurologists’ management guidelines. Pract Neurol 2015; 15: 199-206.3.Narayanaswami P, Sanders D, Wolfe G, Benatar M, et al. International consensus guidancefor management of myasthenia gravis, 2020 update. Neurology® 2021;96:114-122.doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000011124.4.Howard JF Jr, Bril V, Vu T, Karam C, ADAPT Investigator Study Group, et al. Safety,efficacy, and tolerability of efgartigimod in patients with generalised myasthenia gravis(ADAPT): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2021Jul;20(7):526-536. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00159-9. Erratum in: Lancet Neurol. 2021Aug;20(8):e5.5.Jayam-Trouth A, Dabi A, Solieman N, Kurukumbi M, Kalyanam J. Myasthenia gravis: areview. Autoimmune Dis. 2012;2012:874680. doi:10.1155/2012/8746806.Institute for Clinical and Economic Review. Eculizumab and Efgartigimod for the Treatmentof Myasthenia Gravis: Effectiveness and Value. Draft evidence report. July 22,2021. https:///wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ICER_Myasthenia-Gravis_Draft-Evidence-Report_072221.pdf. Accessed December 22, 2021.7.Guidon AC, Muppidi S, Nowak RJ, et al. Telemedicine visits in myasthenia gravis: expertguidance and the Myasthenia Gravis Core Exam (MG-CE). Muscle Nerve 2021; 64:270-2768.Gronseth GS, Barohn R, Narayanaswami P. Practice advisory: Thymectomy for myastheniagravis (practice parameter update): Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination,and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology.2020;94(16):705. Epub 2020 Mar 25.Appendix 1 – Covered Diagnosis CodesG70.0 Myasthenia gravisG70.00 Myasthenia gravis without (acute) exacerbationG70.01 Myasthenia gravis with (acute) exacerbationAppendix 2 – Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)Medicare coverage for outpatient (Part B) drugs is outlined in the Medicare Benefit Policy Manual (Pub. 100-2), Chapter 15, §50 Drugs and Biologicals. In addition, National Coverage Determination (NCD), Local Coverage Determinations (LCDs), and Local Coverage Articles (LCAs)may exist and compliance with these policies is required where applicable. They can be found at:https:///medicare-coverage-database/search.aspx. Additional indications may be covered at the discretion of the health plan.Medicare Part B Covered Diagnosis Codes (applicable to existing NCD/LCD/LCA): N/AJurisdiction Applicable State/US Territory ContractorE (1) CA, HI, NV, AS, GU, CNMI Noridian Healthcare Solutions, LLCF (2 & 3) AK, WA, OR, ID, ND, SD, MT, WY, UT, AZ Noridian Healthcare Solutions, LLC5 KS, NE, IA, MO Wisconsin Physicians Service Insurance Corp (WPS)6 MN, WI, IL National Government Services, Inc. (NGS)H (4 & 7) LA, AR, MS, TX, OK, CO, NM Novitas Solutions, Inc.8 MI, IN Wisconsin Physicians Service Insurance Corp (WPS) N (9) FL, PR, VI First Coast Service Options, Inc.J (10) TN, GA, AL Palmetto GBA, LLCM (11) NC, SC, WV, VA (excluding below) Palmetto GBA, LLCJurisdiction Applicable State/US Territory ContractorL (12) DE, MD, PA, NJ, DC (includes Arlington &Novitas Solutions, Inc.Fairfax counties and the city of Alexandria in VA)K (13 & 14) NY, CT, MA, RI, VT, ME, NH National Government Services, Inc. (NGS) 15 KY, OH CGS Administrators, LLC。
高中英语北师大版必修第二册Unit4InformationTechnology单元复习与测试课后练习
一、根据首字母填写单词(单词拼写)1. To perform CPR, you first have to take off his shirt and p________ his chest (胸); then, blow air through the mouth into his lungs. (根据首字母单词拼写)2. Mom needs to e________ that the food offered is good for the child to eat.(根据首字母单词拼写)3. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to c___ people. (根据首字母提示拼写单词)二、根据汉语意思填写单词(单词拼写)4. It often makes the audience hold their breath for its vivid ________(形象). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)5. An obvious fact is that we are ________(确实) lacking good songs. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）6. What a ________(极好的) idea! （根据汉语提示单词拼写）三、完成句子7. 汤姆告诉我他打算考试结束后看场电影。
Tom told me he ________ ________ ________ ________ a movie after the examination.8. 约翰向医生保证他不再抽烟了，从此他就不抽烟了。
John promised his doctor he ________ ________ ________, and he hasn’t smoked ever since.四、汉译英（整句）(翻译)9. 事实上，30岁以下的人占网民总数的大多数，其中一些人对网络上瘾。
海尔 NoFrost 底冻冰箱 KGN36NLEA 产品说明书
Series 2, free-standing fridge-freezer with freezer at bottom, 186 x 60 cm, Stainless steel lookKGN36NLEA The NoFrost bottomfreezer with MultiBox: Has enough room for all your food• Perfect Fit: place your fridge right next to walls or in a niche.• LED interior light: Illuminates the refrigerator evenly and glare-free, and lasts for its entire life.Energy Efficiency Class (Regulation (EU) 2017/1369): .....................E Average annual energy consumption in kilowatt hour per year(kWh/a) (EU) 2017/1369: ..........................................239 kWh/annum Sum of volume of frozen compartments (EU 2017/1369): ............89 l Sum of volume of chill- and unfrozen compartments (EU 2017/1369): ....................................................................................................216 l Airborne acoustical noise emissions (EU 2017/1369): .42 dB(A) re 1 pWAirborne acoustical noise emission class (EU 2017/1369): ..............D Built-in / Free-standing: .................................................Free-standing Number of compressors: . (1)Number of independent cooling systems: (1)Width of the appliance: ..........................................................600 mm Height: .................................................................................1860 mm Depth of the product: ............................................................660 mm Net weight: ..............................................................................60.5 kg Door panel options: ........................................................Not possible Door hinge: ................................................................Right reversible Number of Adjustable Shelves in fridge compartment: (3)Shelves for Bottles: ........................................................................No Frost free system: ...................................................................Freezer Interior ventilator: ..........................................................................No Reversible Door Hinge: ..................................................................Yes Length electrical supply cord: ..............................................240.0 cm Noise level: ..............................................................42 dB(A) re 1 pW Multi-Flow Air Tower: ....................................................................Yes Fast cooling switch: ........................................................................No Fast freezing switch: ......................................................................Yes Temperature Controlled Drawer: ....................................................No Humidity Control Drawer: ...............................................................No Number of Door Bins - Refrigerator: .. (4)Door bin adjustability - Refrigerator: ..............................................No Tilt-out door bins in fridge: .............................................................No Gallon wide door bins: ..................................................................Yes Number of Gallon storage: . (1)Motorized Shelf: .............................................................................No Material ofthe shelves: .....................................................Safety glass Door opened indicator freezer: .......................................................No Automatic motor-driven ice-maker: .................................................No Connection rating: ....................................................................100 W Fuse protection: ...........................................................................10 A Voltage: ...............................................................................220-240 V Frequency: .................................................................................50 Hz Storage Period in Event of Power Failure (h): ..............................12 h Door panel options: ........................................................Not possible Noise level: ..............................................................42 dB(A) re 1 pW Energy Star Qualified: .....................................................................No Plug type: .......................................................Gardy plug w/ earthing Required cutout/niche size for installation (in): .. (x)Dimensions of the packed product: ..................75.70 x 25.74 x 30.31 Net weight: .......................................................................133.000 lbs Gross weight: ...................................................................148.000 lbsSeries 2, free-standing fridge-freezerwith freezer at bottom, 186 x 60 cm, Stainless steel lookKGN36NLEAThe NoFrost bottomfreezer with MultiBox: Has enough room for all your food Performance and consumptionDesign and Styling- Doors Stainless steel look, side panels Pearl grey (VZF 07127)- Integrated horizontal handle- LED with Soft Start in fridge sectionConvenience & Safety- NoFrost - never again defrosting!- LED electronic control- Super Freezing: manual activationFridge Compartment- Multi Airflow-System- 4 safety glass shelves of which 3 are height adjustable- 4 door binsFreshness System- MultiBox: transparent drawer with wave bottom, ideal for the storage of fruits and vegetablesFreezer Section- 3 freezer drawers, incl. 1 EasyAccess Freezer BoxDimensions- Dimensions ( H x W x D): 186.0 cm x 60.0 cm x 66.0 cmTechnical Information- Door right hinged, reversible- Height adjustable front feet- Connected load: 100 W- Nominal voltage: 220 - 240 VAccessories- 1 egg tray- Ice cube trayCountry Specific Options- Based on the results of the standard 24-hour test. Actual consumption depends on usage/position of the appliance.- To achieve the declared energy consumption, the attached distanceholders have to be used. As a result, the appliance depth increases by about 3.5 cm. The appliance used without the distance holder is fully functional, but has a slightly higher energy consumption.Environment and SafetyInstallationGeneral Information- Vario Zone - removable glass shelves for extra space- Super Cooling: No- Freezing possible in all freezer compartmentsSeries 2, free-standing fridge-freezer with freezer at bottom, 186 x 60 cm, Stainless steel lookKGN36NLEA。
Armstrong 术语中英对照
―fail safe‖ to cold water―Feature Code‖ References―out of range‖ system failure―U‖ stampsa complete failurea differential pressure diaphragm actuated mixing unita power failurea pumped recirculationa significant pressure reductiona single-temperature locking seta thermal-shutdown featurea top outleta unique feed forward designa water seala wide range of sizesAbbott reported many Watson-McDaniel trap failures detected by AIM. They are currently replacing with Armstrong IB traps. Additionally, Abbott plans to monitor all (650) traps in facility, purchasing (75 - 100) AIM ST5700 devices over next 5 years.ability to purge systemabsolute pressureaccessories optionsaccessoryaccumulateAccumulation Chamberaccuracy and to provide redundancy in case of individual thermostatAccurate control of blended water drawn from the systemaccurate water temperaturesActivated in error modeactual gravityActuateactuatoractuator stemADAM (Armstrong Digital Account Management)Adaptable to High Ambient Temperatureadjustable maximum temperature limitAdjustable Single Temperature lockoutadjusting the mix of steam and wateradjustment keyAdministratorsAFHAFTaftercoolerAII – T.R.AIMair and CO2 venting at steam temperatureair changeAir CompressorAir Dryerair filter regulatorsair flowAir Handler Unitair handling systemair lineair loadAir LossAir MainAir Motiveair movementair must be introduced into the systemair or inert gasAir Pressureair separatorair streamair supply pressureair systemAir Temperatureair to closeair to openAir valveAir Velocityair ventairstreamAll dimensions and weights are approximate. Use certified print for exact dimensions. Design and materials are subject to change without notice.allen boltAllowable Pressureallowing no condensate backupAlternate ChoiceAluminum Flataluminum KeyfinAmbient Sensing Isolation Valveambient temperatureAmerican Chemical SocietyAmerican Gas AssociationAmerican National Standards InstituteAmerican Petroleum InstituteANCAncillaryanimationANTI-NOISE TRIMAntI-theft devicesapplicable lawaquastatArmey SteamstrongArmstrong Brand PromiseArmstrong coilsArmstrong Condensate Management GroupArmstrong core valuesArmstrong Flo-Rite-Temp Instantaneous Steam/Water Heater pre-piped packages Armstrong Flo-Rite-Temp® Instantaneous SteamArmstrong Global HoldingsArmstrong Heat Transfer GroupArmstrong hot and cold water hose stationsArmstrong Hot Water Equipment Trade (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.Armstrong Hot Water GroupArmstrong Humidification GroupArmstrong HumidiPackArmstrong Intelligent MonitoringArmstrong InternationalArmstrong International - S.E. AsiaArmstrong International Italiana S.r.l.Armstrong International Korea Co., Ltd.Armstrong International Mexico S de RL de CVArmstrong International Mexico S de RL de CVArmstrong International Private LimitedArmstrong International S.A.Armstrong inverted bucket trapArmstrong Machinery (China) Co. LtdArmstrong Machinery (China) Co.,Ltd.Armstrong ModelArmstrong Pressure/Temperature Control GroupArmstrong PromiseArmstrong provides intelligent system solutions that improve utility performance, lower energy consumption, and reduce environment emissions while providing an "enjoyable experience." Armstrong representativeArmstrong SeriesArmstrong ServiceArmstrong Service France SAArmstrong Single Temperature Hose Stations Armstrong Smart Services GroupArmstrong SolutionArmstrong Steam and Condensate GroupArmstrong Sustainability BrochureArmstrong Unfired Steam GeneratorArmstrong‘s engineered condensate trap/pump packages Armstrong‘s engineered condensate pump trap packages Armstrong‘s engineered XXXArmstrong-Cool Fog SystemAsbestos-freeASIASME pumps and receiversASME Sec.ASSEassembled on a compact common base-plateassure maximum efficiencyASTM A216 WCBASTM A351 Gr.ASTM A48 classatmospheric pressureatomize wateraudible alarmAutomatic air ventingAutomatic Differential Condensate ControllerAutomatic shutoff of hot water flowautomatic water softenerAutomation Research CorporationAvailable in a wide range of sizesavailable upon requestback pressureBaked Enamelbalance valveBALANCED TRIMBalancing Valveball float drain trapball valveball valves cross-linked by a stainless steelBall-Type Flow Indicatorsbare pipe heatingbargBASBDbe compliant with ASSE Standardbe supplied pre-plumbed and pressure testedbe supplied pre-wiredbellowsbellows sealBellows sealedBellows Sealed Globe ValvesBENCH SETbimetallicbimetallic elementbimetallic mechanismBimetallic Steam TrapBimetallic Trapbleedblendblended waterblind flangesblowdownblowdown connectionblowdown rateblowdown valveblowerbodyBody and Capbody fits in tight spacesBody Materialbody materialboilerBoiler Blowdown Heat RecoveryBoiler Blowdown Recoveryboiler efficiencyboiler feedBoiler Forced Draft Fansboiler headerBoiler HouseBoiler side recirculating pumpBoiler side recirculating pump to supply the heat exchanger Boiler water conductivityBoiler Water to Water Instantaneous Water Heaters boiling pointboltBolt Assemblybonnetboronizedboth peakBottom Inletbottom outletBottom to C InletBranch LineBranch Welding Fittingbreak a vacuumBronze Gauge Glass AssemblyBtu‘s are captured and returned to the system bucketbucket ventBucket Vent Scrubbing WireBuilding Automation SystembuildupbulletinBulletin 110 - IS-4 LiteratureBulletin No. 200buoyancyburnerBushingbuttweldBuy Onlineby-passby-pass valveC Outlet to C InletCabinet constructionCabinet has a polished stainless steel piano-hinged Cabinet outer flangeCAGECanadian Standards AssociationcapCap BlockCap Gal.Capable of close temperature controlCapacity Conversion Factors for Other Fill Heads capacity linecapacity tableCapital Repaircapsulecarbon dioxideCarbon Steelcarbon steel anglecarbon steel pipecarbonic acidcarryoverCast ironCast Stainless Steelcast steelcatalogcautioncavitationCentifeed CoilCentral Recirculation System Control certified drawingchaplaincheck valveChemical-Free Steamchrome-plated DZR brassCIP connection portcirculating pumpclean steamClosed Loopclosed loop means no motive or flash closed-loopCLOSURE MEMBERCO2 EmissionCO2 emissions will be reduced with Cold Hose Stationscold trapcold water capacityCold Water Hose Stationscold water inlet supplycold water inlet supply failureCold Water Start-Up Capacities combination inlet isolation combining a pump within a steam trap combustionCOMMUNITY COVENANTcompact designcompensatecomplete shutdown of outlet flow Complete Thermal Exchange compress aircompressed air system Compressed Gas Association compression fittingcompressorComputrol, Inc.Condensate Collection Assembly condensate controllercondensate controllerscondensate coolercondensate drainagecondensate loadcondensate must be lifted condensate pumpcondensate recoveryCondensate Recovery Equipment condensate recovery requirements condensate recovery systemCondensate RemovalCondensate Removal and Recovery System condensate returncondensate return linescondensate return systemcondensate supply and returncondensecondensercondensing rateConnection Sizeconnection typeconnectorconnector styleConnector with Integral StrainerConserve Energyconstant low pressure steamConstant PressureCONSTANT PRESSURE DROPconstant steam pressureConsult Armstrong or your local Representative Consult Factorycontaminantscontinuous air venting at steam temperature continuous automatic air and CO2 venting Continuous Discharge Capacities in kgs control chambercontrol loopcontrol modulecontrol panelControl panel UL and CSA approvedcontrol signalcontrol systemcontrol valveControlled Disc TrapCool Fog systemcore valuesCorn Refiners Associationcorrosion resistantcorrosivecost-effective solutioncross-contaminatedcross-linked by a stainless steel bridge pieceCuring PressCuring Press Condensate RemovalCustomer E-BlastsCustomer LocationCv valuecycling wear and tearcylindricalDC Series Automatic Differential Condensate Controllers DCSdeaerationdeareatorde-ionized waterdeliver precise mixed water temperature demineralizedDescriptionDesign and materials are subject to changedesign conditionDESIGN CONDITIONSDesign Pressuredesign specificationdetecting transmitterdew pointdial screwdiaphragm actuatordifferential condensate controllerDifferential Pressuredifferential purging actionDifferntial PressureDigital Control SystemDigital Cycle CounterDigital Mixing CenterDigital Mixing ValveDigital Recirculating Valvedigital recirculation valveDigital Water Temperature Control SolutionsDignitydimensional informationDimensions and WeightDirect Actingdirect acting valveDirect Area DischargeDirect Steam Injection Humidifierdirect-actingDIRECT-ACTING VALVEdirtdirt are held in suspension until dischargeddirt can collect on the orificeDirt PocketDisc SpringsDisc TrapDischarge OrificeDischarge Pressuredischarge valvedispersion tubedissolveDistributed Control SystemDistribution Manifolddistribution systemdistributordiverse flow ratesDomestic Manufactureddoor heaterdouble actingDouble offset butterfly valveDouble-Duty Seriesdownstreamdown-streamdownstream solenoid valve relayDrain Connectiondrain cycledrain linedrain liquiddrain pandrain separatorDrain Trapdrain valvedrainagedrainerdraw off pointsdraw-off requirementdripdrip legdropletsdry airDryerdryer coilsdrying chamberdual gravitydual gravityDual gravity drain trapdual scale top mount Thermometer and Inlet Dual thermostatic elementsdual thermostatsDuct Air TemperatureDuct Heightduct systemductile irondurabledurableduring no-demand periodsDYNAMIC UNBALANCEDZR brass constructionEconomical non-electric operationEducationefficient operationelectric condensate pumpelectric controlelectric humidifierElectric ModulatingElectric motorElectric Steam Humidifierelectricity consumptionElectricity Distributionelectro pneumatic positionerelectrocutionelectrodeElectronic control boxElectronic Mixing Centerelectronic temperature controllerElement Assyelevateelevatedeliminate the requirement for a fitted aquastatEmergency Fixtureemergency fixtureenameled steel frame terminating in five standard union connections enclosureEnd CapEnd connectionend coverend of lifeend-userenergy conservationenergy conservation measureEnergy Conservation Measure (ECM)energy consumptionEnergy ConsumptionEnergy costenergy efficiencyEnergy Efficiencyenergy lossenergy managerEnergy Optimization SystemEnergy SavingsEnergy SeminarEnergy Servicesenergy-efficiency methodologyEnjoyable experienceEnjoyable ExperiencesenthalpyEnvironmentEPCEPC (engineering, procurement, construction) EQUAL PERCENTAGEEquipment Being Drainedequipped with removable temperature adjustment key Error RelayEstimated Investment and Paybackethicsevaporative coolingevaporatorevaporator or condenser of an air conditioner Everlasting Valve, Inc.exhaust headExpect many enjoyable experiences!Exposed areaExpressPackexternal check valvesexternal corrosionExternal PilotExternal StrainerExternally removableF condensatefabricateFabricated StrainersFace to FaceFace-to-FaceFactory settingsFail Closefailure safeFairnessFaith in God, Family, Job (in this order)Fan LocationFan PackageFearlessfeature codefeatures a unique integral thermostatic return limiter feed back/modulating steam control valvefeed headFeed WaterFeed-Forwardfeet of ―safety yellow‖ washdownfield-adjustable maximum limitFigure CGFigure LDfill headFill ValveFin CoilFin Materialfin pitchfin typeFinned pipe tank heatersfitted aquastatFive PillarFixed Pivotfixtureflangeflangeflanged and socketweld connectionsFlanged ConnectionsFlanged lbflanges available in Class 600 and 900flash steamflash tankFloat & Thermostatic Steam Trapsfloat and thermostatic steam trapFloat and Thermostatic TrapFloat Drain Trapfloat steam trap valvefloat type drain trapFloat weightFloat-Fixed Pivotflooded pitsFlo-Rite-Temp® instantaneous steamFlo-Rite-Temp® instantaneous water heaterFlo-Rite-Temp® Pre-Pipedflow applicationsflow capacityflow characteristic curvesflow coefficient CvFlow Controlflow directionflow indicatorflow rateflow timeFlue GasFlue Gas TemperatureFlue Stack TemperatureFluid Catalytic CrackingFluid Controls InstituteFLUID DATAFLUID NAMEFMC RadaFMC-BTfog chamberFog SystemFogger Headfogger manifold barFood ProcessorsfootprintForced Draft (FD)Forged Chrome-moly Steelforged steelFree FloatFree Floating Guided Lever Drain Trap Free Floating Guided Lever Drain Trap free floating lever Air Ventfree-floating stainless steel mechanism freeze protectionfreeze-protection drainfresh steam lossfriction lossfurnishedfuzzy adaptive tuning (FAT)G.P.Mgalvanic corrosiongalvanized steelGas Ventgas-fired humidifiersgasketGatewaygaugegaugegauge glassgauge glassgauge pressureGeneral Services Administration gland packingGlobe ValveGradualgrains of moistureGranbygravity draingreen buildingGreen TeamgrooveGroups of Fixturesguide bushguidelinesHAFThand hinged doorhand leverhandbookHandwheelHard WorkingHardened chrome steel17 hardened stainless steel hazardheaderheat exchangeHeat Exchangerheat lossheat of vaporizationHeat Recoveryheat transferheat transfer equipmentheat valueheaterHeating and Cooling Coils Heating ChamberHeating Coilheating elementheating mediumheating systemheavy dutyheavy duty industrial chrome heavy gaugeheavy oilHeavy-duty springshelp deskhemispherical valveHexhigh back pressureHigh Capacityhigh fireHigh Heat ValueHigh Limit HumidistatHigh Pressurehigh pressure dropHigh temperature safety shut-offhigh washdown temperatureshigh-limit controllerHLARHLAR AVHLAR Maximum Operating Pressures HLS LDHonestyhorizontal flash tanksHorizontal Installationhosehose lengthshose rackhose reelHose StationHose Station Less Hosehot and cold portshot water applicationsHot Water SolutionsHot Water System Solutionshot water temperature control units how to trap jacketed kettlesHPI/CPIHumidiCleanhumidificationHumidification Loadhumidification systemHumidifierhumidifier controlhumidifier locationHumidifier ManifoldHumidity Controlhumidity levelHydro TestHydrocarbonhydronichygroscopic materialhysteresisIB (Trap)IBLVICI ChemicalsIdentifying an occurrence/liftimpellerIMPORTANT NOTEimprove utility performancein the event of a diaphragm failureInconel XIndividual Bathindividual thermostat failureindustrial nickel platingindustrial process critical heat transferIndustry-Specific E-blastsIndustry-Specific Sales LiteratureINHERENT DIAPHRAGM PRESSURE:inlet and outlet connectionsinlet combination ball valve strainersInlet ConnectionInlet PipeInlet Pressureinlet sizeinlet strainerinlet supply temperatureInlet Swing Check Valveinlet union connectionsinlet vane after the fanIn-Linein-lineIn-line Check ValvesIn-line Connectionin-line repairableInstallation and Maintenanceinstalled as the primary temperature controller within a pumped recirculation InstitutionalInstitutional Hot Waterinstitutional low-pressure steam heatinginstruction manualinsulateinsulation jacketIntegral check valveintegral combination inlet check valveIntegral inlet check valves and strainersintegral inlet spring loaded check valvesintegral inlet supply risersintegral mounting flangeIntegral slight flow indicatorintegral strainerintegral strainer connectorIntegral thermometerintegral thermostatic return limiter Integral vacuum breakerintegrated circuit board technology intelligent system solutions interchangingintercoolerintermittentinternal operating componentsInternal pilotInternational Electrotechnical Commission Internet Service ProviderIntrinsically safe digital cycle counters Inverted BucketInverted Bucket Drain Trapinverted bucket large ventInverted Bucket Steam Trapinverted bucket trapIonic Bed TechnologyIonic Bed TechnologyIsolation valvejacketed kettlejobberKey Performance Indicatorskeyed cylinder lockkilojouleKindnessknow-howKnowledge not shared is energy wasted Kyoto ProtocolL finlabor costlag timeslatent heatlavatoryleakageleaking sealsLeaking valves on critical process Legionella risk reductionLevel Controlleverlever mechanismsLeverage Systemlidlifted from the drain pointlight liquidlight loadlightweightLi-ionlimit switchlinear distancelinkageLiquid CoilLiquid Drainerliquid levelLiquid LoadList of MaterialsLIST OF MATERIALSLiteratureLiterature Order Formlive male swivellive steamlive steam lossLoad AirLocal Area Networklock nutlockshield for single temperaturelower energy consumptionLow-maintenance operationLow-profile bodyLoyalistLoyaltylubricationmagnitude of dischargemain housingMain ValveMaintain a consistent systemMaintains mixed water temperaturesmaintains recirculating water temperatures within the circuit maintenanceMaintenance Costmaintenance costsMake Up WaterMake-up Watermanagement programmanifoldmanifold barmanifold lengthManifold Lengths and Duct WidthsManifold Modelmanual throttling devicematerials and weightMaterials of ConstructionMax Allowable PressureMax Allowable TemperatureMax. Operating TemperatureMaximum Allowable PressureMaximum allowable pressuremaximum capacitymaximum efficiency while maintaining minimum motor horsepower Maximum flash loadmaximum inlet pressureMaximum Operating ConditionsMaximum Operating Pressuremaximum pressure dropmaximum protection against freezing and water hammermaximum temperature limiting and single temperature locking feature maximum working pressureMeasured Blend TemperatureMechanical Designmechanical failuremechanical roommechanism assemblyMetering ValveMini Pump Trapminimal fill headminimize stressMixed Airmixed return and return to heat source check valvesmixed return flow indicatormixed return inlet with thermostatic return limitermixed return sight flow indicatormixed water outlet and mixed return inlet with thermostatic return mixing STEAM and WATER for washdownMixing Unitsmixing valveMODEL NUMBER INDEXmodulated controlmodulated outputmodulating steam control valvemodulating steam pressuremoisture contentmotive pressureMotive Steam PressureMotor circuit protectormotor powermount Thermometer and Inlet Check Valvesmount Thermometer and Stainless Steel inlet Checkmounting bracketmoving partsmultiple effectMultiple orientationsmulti-tube steam dispersion panelName of PartNAME OF PARTname plateNational Sanitation Foundationnational sanitation foundation (NSF)Natural Gas PipelinenegligenceNEMAnet positive suction headnew construction and retrofit installationnickel platenitrous oxideNoiseless HeaternominalNon modulating constant steam pressurenon-asbestosnon-condensable gasesNon-Electric Steamnon-helical straight internal tube bundleNon-intrusiveNon-intrusive to the valve, pipe or system; no shutdown required to install. Non-Recirculating Hot Water SystemNon-recirculating hot water systemsNon-Shocknon-wetting distancenozzleNPS Sch.NPSH issuesNPT inlets and outletnutOD TubesOEMoffset from centre of seatoffset from centre of valveolder style dual-globe valve mixing ―YOpen Systemopen the valve against systemopening angleoperating conditionOperating Costoperating historyOperating PressureOperating PrincipleOperation & Maintenanceoperation and maintenanceoperation costoperation of pumpingOperational SpecificationsOperational water pressureoperator programmableoperator typeOperators and Maintenance personnel Optional double-wall platesOptional External Network Adapterorificeorifice sizeOrifice Steam Pressureoriginal flow setting in hot failure modeO-Ringoutdoor airOutdoor EnclosureOutdoor Temperatureoutdoors low ambient temperature trapping outlet ball valveOutlet Connectionoutlet dial thermometeroutlet pressureoutlet stop valve and thermometeroutlet temperatureoutlet temperatureoutlet thermometer and inlet supplyoutlet trapsOutline StrategyOutside Airpackaged solutionPacking sealedPainting Strategypasteurization temperaturepasteurizerPatentPeace of mindperforatedPerformance ContractPetrochempetroleumpharmaceutical manufacturingPhysical Datapiano-hinged door with a keyed cylinder lock pilot valvePipe ConnPipe Connectionspipe sizePiping and Insulationpiping configurationsPiping welded by Section IX welders Piping—Schedule 40, Schedule 80pistonpiston actuatorPiston ValvePlate and frame heat exchangerPlate heat exchangerplate-fin heat exchangerplug & stem assemblyplumbing codes or safety requirements pneumaticpneumatic angel valvepneumatic controlpneumatic control valvePneumatic Modulatingpneumatic operatorpneumatic valve positionersPoint of Usepolymer constructionpolysulfoneportable water supplyPORT-GUIDEDposition feed back transmitterspositionerPower Managementpower supplyPre-Assembledprecise controlpreheatpreheat coilPre-Pipedpre-piped packagespre-piped single temperaturePre-Piped Tempered Waterpre-set outlet temperaturePressure and Temperature Controlpressure differentialPressure DripPressure DropPressure Gaugepressure ratingPressure Reducing Valves PTCpressure temperature ratingpressure waterpressure-testedprevent over-temperature selectionPreventive Set in Order proceduresPrice SheetPrimary Humidificationprimary humidifierProbe Connectionproduct and serviceProduct DescriptionProduct Literatureprogrammable logic controller (PLC)Programmable rangeProgrammable set point rangeproper trapprovide the most efficient and cost-effective solution to your condensate recovery requirements. PRV stationPSIG steampsychrometricpulling the valve off the seatPump Cappump capacityPump Combination PackagesPump CREPump DischargePump TrapPump Trap CapacitiesPump Trap MaterialsPump Trap PackagesPump Trap Physical Datapumped recirculation systemPure FogpurgePurgerPUSH-DOWN-TO-CLOSEPUSH-DOWN-TO-OPENRadaRada Thermostatic Mixing ValveradiatorRadiator TrapRadiator Valveradio frequencyrangeabilityratingratingsrecess flangere-circulated hot water systems Recirculating Hot Waterre-circulating hot water system Recirculating Single Temperature Systems Recirculation Systems Recommendation Chartrecovered flash steamRecovered Liquidreduce cycling wear and tearreduce energyreduce environmental emissionsreduce heat transferredundancyredundantRe-engineeredrefineryrefinery processes.refrigerantregistered trademarkregulatorrelative humidityRelay outputRelief Valve ChallengesRemarksRemote SensorRemovable Insulation Jacketremovable keyremoveremoving the mechanism assemblyrepreplaceable seatsReplacement Coilreplacing gland packingrepresentativeRequired Design PressureRequired Design TRequired Operation PressureRequired Operation Trequired valve fittings and isolation valves reservoirReservoir for Curing Pressresist high back pressureResistance to Hydraulic Shockresistant to water hammerresonatorRespectretrofitreturn airreturn bendreturn check valvereturn headerreturn limiterreturn linereturn on investmentreturn systemreverse acting positionerreverse osmosisReverse Osmosis (RO) plantreverse osmosis waterReverse-ActingREVERSE-ACTING VALVEreversed anglerisky consequencesrivetruggedRugged construction materialrunoutSafetysafety drainsafety factorSaintsame size and specificationSample Specificationssanitarysanitary usesaturated steamsaturated steamsaturated steam temperaturesaturated temperaturescale top mount Thermometerscreen materialsScreen RetainerScrewed NPT and BSPTScrewed or SWscrewed, socketweld or flangedScrivenscrub wireseamlessSeamless Steelseat centre lineseat leakageseat leakage testSeat Nutseat retainerSEAT RINGsectionalSee-Thruself-containedself-operated pressure reducing valves sell trap management services semiconductorSensible heatseparatorseparator chamberserial connection data portSeries CapacitySeries Inverted Bucket Steam Trap Series Low Profile Pump TrapSeries SS TrapSeries Stainless Steel Trap Valve Station Series TrapService flush cycleService flush waiting periodService LifeSet and lock to a single temperatureSet PointSetpoint SelectionSharing Knowledge. Saving Energy. shell and tube heat exchangershine assignmentsShipping Weightshut off pressureshut-offside connectionsignboardSimplestsimplexsingle actingsingle effect。
河北省石家庄市英语中考试题及解答参考
河北省石家庄市英语中考仿真试题及解答参考一、听力部分（本大题有20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1、听力材料：A: Good morning, everyone. Today’s test is about the famous landmarks in England. The first place I want to talk about is the Tower of London.B: The Tower of London is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in London. It was built in the 11th century by William the Conqueror.Question: What is the Tower of London?A) A modern skyscraper in LondonB) A historic castle on the north bank of the River ThamesC) A museum in LondonD) A shopping center in LondonAnswer: BExplanation: The correct answer is B because the Tower of London is a historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in London.2、听力材料：A: In the United States, the most famous national park is Yellowstone National Park. It is located in the northwest of Wyoming.B: Yellowstone National Park is known for its stunning natural beauty, including geysers, hot springs, and wildlife. It is also the first national parkin the world.Question: Which of the following statements about Yellowstone National Park is true?A)It is located in the east of the United States.B)It is known for its shopping centers and amusement parks.C)It is the first national park in the world.D)It is located in the state of California.Answer: CExplanation: The correct answer is C because Yellowstone National Park is the first national park in the world and is known for its stunning natural beauty, including geysers, hot springs, and wildlife.3、What are the speakers discussing?A. The weather forecast for the weekend.B. A new book they recently read.C. The latest news about a popular movie.Answer: B. A new book they recently read.Explanation: In the conversation, the speakers are discussing the book they have just finished reading, mentioning the author’s style and their personal enjoyment of the book.4、How does the man suggest they could improve their teamwork?A. By assigning more tasks to the team members.B. By holding a team-building retreat.C. By reviewing the project plan and setting clearer goals.Answer: C. By reviewing the project plan and setting clearer goals.Explanation: The man suggests that by looking over the project plan and defining specific goals, the team can improve their collaboration and efficiency. He does not mention adding more tasks or a team-building retreat as solutions.5.You will hear a short conversation between two students discussing their weekend plans. Listen carefully and answer the question.Question: What does the girl suggest they do for the weekend?A. Go to the beach.B. Visit a museum.C. Stay at home and watch movies.D. Go hiking in the mountains.Answer: BExplanation: The girl mentions that she heard there’s a new exhibition at the museum this weekend and suggests they go visit it together.6.You will hear a news report about a recent discovery in the field of astronomy. Listen carefully and answer the question.Question: What is the main topic of the news report?A. The discovery of a new planet.B. The launch of a new space mission.C. The discovery of a new comet.D. The discovery of a new element in space.Answer: AExplanation: The news report starts by mentioning the discovery of a new planet in a distant solar system, which is confirmed by a team of astronomers.7、You will hear a conversation between two friends, Alice and Bob. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the following question.Question: What is Alice planning to do this weekend?A. Go shoppingB. Visit her familyC. Go hikingAnswer: BExplanation: In the conversation, Alice mentions that she hasn’t seen her family in a while and she’s planning to visit them this weekend. This indicates that she is going to visit her family.8、You will hear a short talk about the importance of exercise. Listen carefully and answer the question.Question: What is the main idea of the talk?A. Exercise is bad for your healthB. Exercise is important for maintaining a healthy lifestyleC. You don’t need to exercise if you eat a healthy dietAnswer: BExplanation: The speaker emphasizes the importance of exercise in maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including physical and mental benefits. The main idea of the talk is that exercise is essential for good health.9.You will hear a short conversation between two friends. Listen carefully and answer the question.Question: What is the woman planning to do this weekend?A) Go shopping.B) Visit her grandparents.C) Go on a picnic.Answer: B) Visit her grandparents.Explanation: In the conversation, the woman mentions that she has to visit her grandparents this weekend, which indicates that her plan is to visit them.10.You will hear a short lecture about the importance of exercise. Listen carefully and answer the question.Question: According to the lecture, what is one of the main benefits of regular exercise?A) Improved memory.B) Better sleep quality.C) Increased risk of injury.Answer: B) Better sleep quality.Explanation: The lecture discusses various benefits of regular exercise, and one of them mentioned is that it can lead to better sleep quality. The other options are not mentioned as benefits in the lecture.11.You will hear a conversation between two friends discussing their weekend plans. Listen and answer the question.Question: What activity do the friends plan to do together on Saturday?A)Go to the moviesB)Have a picnicC)Go hikingD)Visit a museumAnswer: B) Have a picnicExplanation: In the conversation, the friends discuss going to a nearby park to have a picnic on Saturday, indicating that this is their plan.12.Listen to a short dialogue between a student and a teacher about a school project. Then answer the question.Question: What does the teacher suggest the student do to complete the project?A)Work on it aloneB)Get help from a classmateC)Research the topic onlineD)Ignore the assignmentAnswer: C) Research the topic onlineExplanation: The teacher mentions that there are many online resources available for the project, and encourages the student to use them to gather information and complete the assignment effectively.13.You will hear a conversation between two friends. Listen carefully and answer the question below.Question: What is the man planning to do this weekend?A. Go hikingB. Go swimmingC. Go skiingAnswer: B. Go swimmingExplanation: In the conversation, the man mentions, “I was thinking of going swimming this weekend. Do you want to join me?” This indicates that he is planning to go swimming.14.You will hear a short lecture about the importance of exercise. Listen carefully and answer the question below.Question: What does the speaker say is the main benefit of regular exercise?A. Improved memoryB. Increased energy levelsC. Weight lossAnswer: B. Increased energy levelsExplanation: The speaker in the lecture states, “Regular exercise is crucial for maintaining high energy levels throughout the day.” This implies that the main benefit of regular exercise is increased energy levels.15.Listen to the conversation between two friends at a bookstore and answer the question.A. What book is the man looking for?B. Why does the woman suggest the mystery novel?C. What does the man say about his favorite author?Answer: BExplanation: The woman suggests the mystery novel because the man mentioned he enjoys reading thrillers, which is a common genre in mystery novels.16.Listen to the dialogue between a teacher and a student about a school project and choose the correct answer.A. What is the project due date?B. Why does the student need an extension?C. What assignment did the student complete?Answer: BExplanation: The student asks for an extension because they were unable to finish the project due to an unexpected family emergency, which was not their fault. The teacher is discussing the reason for the extension request.17.You will hear a conversation between two friends discussing their weekend plans. Listen carefully and answer the question.Question: What does the woman want to do on Saturday?A. Go shoppingB. Visit a museumC. Go hikingD. Stay at homeAnswer: BExplanation: The woman mentions that she wants to visit the museum on Saturday with her friend, which is indicated by her saying, “I heard there’s aninteresting exhibit at the museum, and I think it would be fun to go see it with you.”18.You will hear a short lecture about the importance of exercise. Listen carefully and answer the question.Question: According to the lecture, what is the most beneficial form of exercise for heart health?A. SwimmingB. RunningC. YogaD. Strength trainingAnswer: BExplanation: The speaker in the lecture mentions that running is one of the best exercises for heart health, as it helps to strengthen the heart and improve circulation. The lecture states, “Running is particularly good for the heart because it gets your h eart rate up and improves overall cardiovascular health.”19.You will hear a conversation between two friends discussing their weekend plans. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the question that follows.What does the woman suggest they do for the weekend?A)Go shopping in the city center.B)Visit a nearby lake for a picnic.C)Stay home and watch movies.D)Take a trip to the mountains.Answer: B) Visit a nearby lake for a picnic.Explanation: The woman mentions that she has heard good things about the lake and suggests they go there for a picnic, which indicates her preference for option B.20.Listen to a short lecture about the importance of exercise. Answer the question that follows.What is the main benefit of regular exercise mentioned in the lecture?A)It improves cognitive function.B)It reduces stress levels.C)It increases energy levels.D)It enhances sleep quality.Answer: B) It reduces stress levels.Explanation: The lecturer specifically mentions that regular exercise is known to reduce stress and improve mental well-being, which aligns with option B.二、阅读理解（30分）Reading ComprehensionPassage:The following passage is about the importance of exercise for both physical and mental health.In today’s fast-paced world, finding time for exercise can be challenging, but it is crucial for maintaining both physical and mental well-being. Regularphysical activity has been shown to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Moreover, exercise plays a vital role in improving mental health by reducing stress, anxiety, and depression.One of the most significant benefits of exercise is the release of endorphins, which are chemicals in the brain that create feelings of happiness and euphoria. This natural high can lead to improved mood and a more positive outlook on life. Additionally, exercise can help improve sleep quality, which is essential for overall health.Many people wonder how much exercise they need to maintain good health. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends at least 150 minutes ofmoderate-intensity aerobic physical activity throughout the week, along with muscle-strengthening activities on two or more days a week. This can include activities such as brisk walking, cycling, swimming, or even dancing.Despite the numerous benefits, exercise is often overlooked in favor of other daily responsibilities. However, it is important to prioritize physical activity to reap the full range of benefits it offers.Questions:1.What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain the different types of exercise.B. To argue that exercise is crucial for health.C. To provide a step-by-step guide to starting an exercise routine.D. To describe the experiences of people who have benefited from exercise.2.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of exercise?A. Reduced risk of chronic diseases.B. Improved sleep quality.C. Increased stress levels.D. Release of endorphins.3.The WHO recommends a minimum of how many minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity per week?A. 30 minutesB. 60 minutesC. 90 minutesD. 150 minutesAnswers:1.B. To argue that exercise is crucial for health.2.C. Increased stress levels.3.D. 150 minutes三、完型填空（15分）Section 3: Cloze TestRead the following passage and choose the best word for each blank from the options given below.In the small town of Greenfield, there was a once-prosperous library that had seen better days. The [1] of books was limited, and the [2] were old and worn out. The librarian, Mrs. Thompson, was a dedicated woman who [3] to keep the library open, despite the challenges.Last summer, a new [4] came to town. He was young, enthusiastic, and full of ideas. He [5] to Mrs. Thompson and offered to help revitalize the library.1.A) collectionB) archiveC) archiveD) repository2.A) shelvesB) racksC) racksD) racks3.A) perseveredB) persistedC) perseveredD) persisted4.A) developerB) teacherC) developerD) teacher5.A) approachedB) approachedC) approachedD) approachedAnswers:1.A) collection2.A) shelves3.A) persevered4.C) developer5.B) approached四、语法填空题（本大题有10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1、John has lived in this town for over ten years, and he______(1)______many friends here.A. has madeB. madeC. is makingD. makesAnswer: AExplanation: The correct answer is “has made” because the sentence is in the present perfect tense, indicating an action that started in the past and continues to the present or has a present result. The use of “has” with the past participle “made” is required for this tense.2、The students were______(1)______in the library when the fire alarm went off.A. readingB. to readC. readD. readedAnswer: AExplanation: The correct answer is “reading” because the sentence requires a gerund (an -ing form of a verb) to function as an adjective. “Reading” acts as a present participle, describing the state of the students when the fire alarm went off. The other options are not grammatically correct in this context.3.In the___________room, we usually___________our English lessons.A. large, holdB. large, holdC. large, haveD. larger, holdAnswer: AExplanation: The correct answer is “In the large room, we usually hold our English lessons.” The word “large” is an adjective describing the room, and “hold” is the correct past tense form of the verb “to hold,” indicating that the action of having English lessons took place in the past.4.If it___________tomorrow, we will go to the park.A. will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rainingAnswer: BExplanation: The correct answer is “If it rains tomorrow, we will go to the park.” The phrase “if it rains” is a conditional sentence using the present simple tense to express a future possibility. The other options do not fit the structure or meaning of the sentence correctly.5.In the___________(be) room, there are several___________(have) computers and a large___________(be) window.答案：5. present; 5; 5.解析：第一空需要填入一个形容词，表示“现在的”，因此用“present”。
商务英语课件：Ways of working
responsibilities
19
Temping
❖Working short employment tasks with a variety of clients, usually through a temping agency.
➢ works independently and on temporary contracts rather than for a long-term employer.
Freelance professions:
➢ photographer, writer, website designer, graphic designer, accountant, dentist, lawyer, translator, etc.
days, totaling 40 hours
18
Part-Time Jobs ❖Most common alternative way to work ❖work fewer than 30 or 35 hours per week ❖Allows employers to adjust to changes in demand for
4
Studying on your own
Free Flexible
Studying with others Learning from discussing and sharing thoughts with each other Helping /facilitating each other Practicing speaking
商务英语基础下unit24答案
商务英语基础下unit24答案1. you sell your work or services to a number of different companies（） [单选题] *A.freelance(正确答案)B.part-timeC.job-sharingD.consulatancy2. You work for a company from home via email, phone or the Internet（） [单选题] *A.tempingB.teleworking(正确答案)C.shift workD.flexitime3. you do your job for part of the week and another person does it for the other part（）[单选题] *A.consulatancyB.part-timeC.job-sharing(正确答案)D.hot-desking4. you work during different parts of the day (e.g. nights)（） [单选题] *A.effectiveB.shift work(正确答案)C.flexitimeD.temping5. you only work for some the week ( not full-time)（） [单选题] *A.part-time(正确答案)B.consulatancyC.hot-deskingworking6. you work for different companies for a short time（） [单选题] *A.in lieuB.effectiveC.temping(正确答案)D.flexitime7. you aren't employed by a company, but are paid to give specialist advice（） [单选题] *A.consulatancy(正确答案)B.freelanceC.part-timeD.job-sharing8. you work a number of hours per week or month but you decide when you start or finish（） [单选题] *A.teleworkingB.flexitime(正确答案)C.shift workD.temping9. you don't have a permanent place or office to work at, but you find a place to work when you arrive（） [单选题] *A.hot-desking(正确答案)B.part-timeC.job-sharingD.consulatancy10. producing intended or expected result（） [单选题] *A.effective(正确答案)B.flexitimeC.shift workD.temping11. the skill of making contacts and can help people progress in their career through knowing the “right” people（） [单选题] *A.consulatancyB.hot-deskingworking(正确答案)D.part-time12. instead（） [单选题] *A.effectiveB.tempingC.flexitimeD.in lieu(正确答案)13. freelance（） [单选题] *A.轮班制B.自由职业者(正确答案)C.有效的D.咨询工作14. teleworking（） [单选题] *A.远程办公(正确答案)B.人际网络C.弹性上班D.兼职15. job-sharing（） [单选题] *A.办公桌轮用B.替代C.工作分担(正确答案)D.临时工作16. shift work （） [单选题] *A.有效的B.轮班制(正确答案)C.咨询工作D.重新定义17. part-time（） [单选题] *A.人际网络B.兼职(正确答案)C.弹性上班D.居家办公18. temping（） [单选题] *A.替代B.临时工作(正确答案)C.办公桌轮用D.开放式问题19. consulatancy（） [单选题] *A.保持联络B.重新定义C.咨询工作(正确答案)D.有效的20. flexitime（） [单选题] *A.弹性上班(正确答案)B.转换话题C.居家办公D.人际网络21. hot-desking（） [单选题] *A.替代B.开放式问题C.办公桌轮用(正确答案)D.语言的22. effective （） [单选题] *A.有效的(正确答案)B.外向C.保持联络D.重新定义23. networking（） [单选题] *A.转换话题B.生效C.人际网络(正确答案)D.居家办公24. in lieu（） [单选题] *A.语言的B.适用于C.开放式问题D.替代(正确答案)25. redefine（） [单选题] *A.外向B.重新定义(正确答案)C.替代品D.保持联络26. work from home（） [单选题] *A.转换话题B.居家办公(正确答案)C.实施D.生效27. open-ended question（） [单选题] *A.语言的B.交际C.开放式问题(正确答案)D.适用于28. liaise（） [单选题] *A.外向B.替代品C.保持联络(正确答案)D.专门从事29. move on to（） [单选题] *A.生效B.向,,,,,,汇报C.实施D.转换话题(正确答案)30. linguistic（） [单选题] *A.适用于B.语言的(正确答案)C.交际D.参与，负责31. extrovert（） [单选题] *A.目标B.替代品C.外向(正确答案)D.专门从事32. come into operation（） [单选题] *A.实施B.生效(正确答案)C.向,,,,,,汇报D.超越33. apply to （） [单选题] *A.参与，负责B.适用于(正确答案)C.交际D.恢复，振作34. replacement（） [单选题] *A.专门从事B.目标C.建立网络D.替代品(正确答案)35. implement（） [单选题] *A.超越B.穿着得体C.实施(正确答案)D.向,,,,,,汇报36. socialise（） [单选题] *A.参与，负责B.恢复，振作C.积极的，正面的D.交际(正确答案)37. specialise in（） [单选题] *A.目标B.专门从事(正确答案)C.通勤D.建立网络38. report to （） [单选题] *A.向,,,,,,汇报(正确答案)B.实施C.生效D.转换话题39. be involved in （） [单选题] *A.语言的B.参与，负责(正确答案)C.适用于D.交际40. objectives（） [单选题] *A.专门从事B.目标(正确答案)C.替代品D.外向41. exceed（） [单选题] *A.向,,,,,,汇报B.超越(正确答案)D.实施42. refresh（） [单选题] *A.适用于B.参与，负责C.恢复，振作(正确答案)D.交际43. build a network（） [单选题] *A.替代品B.建立网络(正确答案)C.目标D.专门从事44. dress appropriately（） [单选题] *A.超越B.实施C.向,,,,,,汇报D.穿着得体(正确答案)45. positive（） [单选题] *A.积极的，正面的(正确答案)B.参与，负责C.恢复，振作46. commute（） [单选题] *A.目标B.通勤(正确答案)C.专门从事D.建立网络47. memo（） [单选题] *A.穿着得体B.向,,,,,,汇报C.备忘录，内部通知(正确答案)D.超越48. post-it note（） [单选题] *A.便利贴通知(正确答案)B.恢复，振作C.积极的，正面的D.参与，负责49. parental leave（） [单选题] *A.通勤B.建立网络C.育婴假(正确答案)D.目标50. coordinate（） [单选题] *A.穿着得体B.协调(正确答案)C.备忘录，内部通知D.超越51. administrative（） [单选题] *A.便利贴通知B.恢复，振作C.积极的，正面的D.管理的，行政的(正确答案)52. further to our previous meeting（） [单选题] *A.通勤B.建立网络C.育婴假D.在上次会议之后(正确答案)53. current（） [单选题] *A.穿着得体B.目前的(正确答案)C.备忘录，内部通知D.协调54. unaffected（） [单选题] *A.管理的，行政的B.积极的，正面的C.便利贴通知D.不受影响(正确答案)55. layout （） [单选题] *A.通勤B.布局，设计(正确答案)C.育婴假D.在上次会议之后56. one month's notice（） [单选题] *A.目前的B.协调C.提前一个月通知(正确答案)D.备忘录，内部通知57. initiate（） [单选题] *A.不受影响B.便利贴通知C.开始，发起(正确答案)D.管理的，行政的58. develop （） [单选题] *A.在上次会议之后C.布局，设计D.发展，成长(正确答案)59. contacts（） [单选题] *A.目前的B.提前一个月通知C.协调D.联络人(正确答案)60. generate（） [单选题] *A.管理的，行政的B.开始，发起C.形成(正确答案)D.不受影响61. firm handshake（） [单选题] *A.布局，设计B.在上次会议之后C.紧紧的握手(正确答案)D.发展，成长62. internal communication（） [单选题] *A.内部沟通(正确答案)B.提前一个月通知D.目前的63. trial （） [单选题] *A.开始，发起B.试用(正确答案)C.形成D.不受影响64. respond （） [单选题] *A.紧紧的握手B.发展，成长C.布局，设计D.回复，回应(正确答案)。
SHORT-TERM INCENTIVES短期激励
Scanlon Plan
The Screening Committee
Consists of top members of the plant management and workers representatives, usually eight to twelve members.
It reviews the monthly bonus, discusses current production problems, and considers all suggestions for organizational improvement.
The annual cash bonus earned by the employees closely approximates their annual earnings.
22
Lincoln's Incentive System
Independent work groups or "subcontractor shop"
Short-Term Incentives
Those additions to base pay provided to employees within the current year.
1
Short-Term Incentives
In reviewing opportunities for granting short-term incentives, employees must be viewed from four different perspectives:
A first requirement for a gain sharing plan is determination of a standard measure of performance.
国际体力活动量表(短卷)
(August 2002)SHORT LAST 7 DAYS SELF-ADMINISTERED FORMATFOR USE WITH YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS (15-69 years)The International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) comprises a set of 4 questionnaires. Long (5 activity domains asked independently) and short (4 generic items) versions for use by either telephone or self-administered methods are available. The purpose of the questionnaires is to provide common instruments that can be used to obtain internationally comparable data on health–related physical activity.Background on IPAQThe development of an international measure for physical activity commenced in Geneva in 1998 and was followed by extensive reliability and validity testing undertaken across 12 countries (14 sites) during 2000. The final results suggest that these measures have acceptable measurement properties for use in many settings and in different languages, and are suitable for national population-based prevalence studies of participation in physical activity. Using IPAQUse of the IPAQ instruments for monitoring and research purposes is encouraged. It is recommended that no changes be made to the order or wording of the questions as this will affect the psychometric properties of the instruments.Translation from English and Cultural AdaptationTranslation from English is supported to facilitate worldwide use of IPAQ. Information on the availability of IPAQ in different languages can be obtained at www.ipaq.ki.se. If a new translation is undertaken we highly recommend using the prescribed back translation methods available on the IPAQ website. If possible please consider making your translated version of IPAQ available to others by contributing it to the IPAQ website. Further details on translation and cultural adaptation can be downloaded from the website.Further Developments of IPAQInternational collaboration on IPAQ is on-going and an International Physical Activity Prevalence Study is in progress. For further information see the IPAQ website.More InformationMore detailed information on the IPAQ process and the research methods used in the development of IPAQ instruments is available at www.ipaq.ki.se and Booth, M.L. (2000). Assessment of Physical Activity: An International Perspective. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71 (2): s114-20. Other scientific publications and presentations on the use of IPAQ are summarized on the website.We are interested in finding out about the kinds of physical activities that people do as part of their everyday lives. The questions will ask you about the time you spent being physically active in the last 7 days. Please answer each question even if you do not consider yourself to be an active person. Please think about the activities you do at work, as part of your house and yard work, to get from place to place, and in your spare time for recreation, exercise or sport.Think about all the vigorous activities that you did in the last 7 days. Vigorous physical activities refer to activities that take hard physical effort and make you breathe much harder than normal. Think only about those physical activities that you did for at least 10 minutes at a time.1. During the last 7 days, on how many days did you do vigorous physicalactivities like heavy lifting, digging, aerobics, or fast bicycling?_____ days per weekNo vigorous physical activities Skip to question 32. How much time did you usually spend doing vigorous physical activities on oneof those days?_____ hours per day_____ minutes per dayDon’t know/Not sureThink about all the moderate activities that you did in the last 7 days. Moderate activities refer to activities that take moderate physical effort and make you breathe somewhat harder than normal. Think only about those physical activities that you did for at least 10 minutes at a time.3. During the last 7 days, on how many days did you do moderate physicalactivities like carrying light loads, bicycling at a regular pace, or doubles tennis?Do not include walking._____ days per weekNo moderate physical activities Skip to question 54. How much time did you usually spend doing moderate physical activities on oneof those days?_____ hours per day_____ minutes per dayDon’t know/Not sureThink about the time you spent walking in the last 7 days. This includes at work and at home, walking to travel from place to place, and any other walking that you might do solely for recreation, sport, exercise, or leisure.5. During the last 7 days, on how many days did you walk for at least 10 minutesat a time?_____ days per weekNo walking Skip to question 76. How much time did you usually spend walking on one of those days?_____ hours per day_____ minutes per dayDon’t know/Not sureThe last question is about the time you spent sitting on weekdays during the last 7 days. Include time spent at work, at home, while doing course work and during leisure time. This may include time spent sitting at a desk, visiting friends, reading, or sitting or lying down to watch television.7. During the last 7 days, how much time did you spend sitting on a week day?_____ hours per day_____ minutes per dayDon’t know/Not sureThis is the end of the questionnaire, thank you for participating.。
国际身体活动问卷
A01.您现在的工作状况【单选】1.不工作(跳至A03 )2.每日工作3.每日半天4.隔日工作5.每日工作并时常加班6.有工作但不定时【访问人员注意，A01选择选项1的被访问者不进入此题。
】A02.您工作的主要方式是【单选】1.以静坐伏案为主(用电脑，书写等)2.工作中静坐伴有上肢活动，或者以站为主。
如出租车司机，售货员，流水线组装工3.以走为主，搬运或者举重物，挖掘。
如工人，农民A03您现在每天出行常用的交通方式是【限选排序】(1)-- (2)__(3)__1.步行2.骑自行车3.乘公交车4.自驾车5.摩托车，电动自行车6.不出行7.其他--A04.您每天用于各类交通的时间分别是【填空】步行――分钟骑自行车――分钟乘公交车――分钟自驾车――分钟摩托车，电动车自行车――分钟A05.您现在日常是否做家务？【单选】1.是2.否一_（跳至第A08题）【访问员请注意，A05选择选项1的被访者进入此题。
】A06.您主要做哪些家务？【多选不排序】1.做饭2.洗碗3.打扫卫生（擦地，家具，门窗）4.购买日常用品5. 洗衣（手洗或者混合洗）6.找看家人（生活不能自理）7.其他——A07.您平均每天做家务的时间是――分钟A08.您在寻常从事的闲暇活动有哪些？【限选排序】(1)——(2)__(3)——1.看电视，听广播2.玩电脑3.读书，看报4.打牌，下棋5.聊天6.体育锻炼7.园艺，养宠物8.逛街9.其他A09.您在歇息日，节假日从事的闲暇活动有哪些？【限选排序】 (1)——(2)——(3)——1.看电视，听广播2.玩电脑3.读书，看报4.打牌，下棋5.聊天6.体育锻炼7.园艺，养宠物8.逛街，游玩9.补充睡眠10.郊游11.其他INTERNATIONAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE国际身体活动问卷We are interested in finding out about the kinds of physical activities t people do as partof theireveryday livesThe questionswillask youabout the time you spent being physically active in the last 7 days. Plea answer each questioneven ifyou do not consideryourselfto be anactive person. Please think about the activities you do at work, as part your house and yard work, to get f rom place to place, and in your spare time for recreation, exercise or sport.我们对找寻人们在他们日常生活中多种的身体活动有兴趣，这个问卷会问你在最近7天花在身体活动的时间，请回答每一个问题，甚至如果你想自己是一个没有活动的人，请想一想你在工作时的活动、像是你在家里或者园艺的部份、从一个地方到一个地方及在你空暇的时间运动或者娱乐。
unit 6 To work or not to work — That is the questi
To work or not to work - That is the question1 There are numerous and reliable ways by which one can measure the impact of employment on student achievement，and we used several in our research。
We compared the grades of students who work a great deal with those who work in limited amounts or not at all. We also contrasted workers with non—workers, on different indicators of their commitment to education. Additionally，we followed students overtime as they increasedor decreased their work hours, and we assessed how different patterns of employment alteredschool performance and engagement.1 要衡量工作经历对学生成就的影响有许多可靠的方法.在我们的研究中，我们采用了几种方法。
我们比较了打很多工的学生和打工时间有限或者根本不打工的学生的学习成绩。
我们也对比了打工学生和不打工学生在学习投入程度方面的不同指征。
另外，我们长期跟踪学生，了解他们在打工时间增加或减少时的表现。
而且，我们还评估了不同的打工模式如何改变学习成绩和学习参与度。
2 We have simplified and classified the data and the results are clear:The stakes are high. A heavy commitment to a part—time job duringthe academic year, say，working 20 hours per week ormore， undermines and significantly interferes with school achievement and commitment。
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“Lisa”
“Lisa Simpson”
Expressions In VB: Part XIII
Expressions consist of one or more operands and zero or more operators. Expressions always evaluate to a single value
Expressions consist of one or more operands and zero or more operators. Expressions always evaluate to a single value
Expression
Evaluates to
Dim shtS As String shtS = “Lisa” (shtS) Dim shtS As String shtS = “Lisa” shtS & “ Simpson”
Expressions consist of one or more operands and zero or more operators. Expressions always evaluate to a single value
Expression
Evaluates to
“Five” + 5 +5 -5
Expression True False
Evaluates to True False
(True)
Not(True) Not(False) Not(Not(False))
True
False True False
Expressions In VB: Part VI
Expressions consist of one or more operands and zero or more operators. Expressions always evaluate to a single value
Dim shtAge As Short
Const sngTax = 1.07
The variable shtAge
The variable lngX The constant sngTax
Operands in VB: Part II
Examples of string operands
“A”
The literal stritring
The literal string “-2”
The literal string “Homer”
Dim strName As String Const StrM = “NO”
The variable strName
The variable strQ
Symbol &
Name Concatenation
Operands in VB: Part I
Examples of arithmetic operands
5
The literal number 5
-2
12.4 Dim lngX As Short
The literal number –2
The literal number 12.4
The constant StrM
Operands in VB: Part III
Examples of Boolean operands
True
The literal logical value True
False
The literal logical value False
Dim blnIsMale As Boolean The variable blnIsMale
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Class Attendance
Operators in VB: Part I
We have seen 5 arithmetic operators
Symbol
Name
^ * / + -
Exponentiation Multiplication Division Addition Subtraction
Evaluates to True False
(1 = 1) And (2 = 1)
False Or False Or False True Or (False And True) (True Or False) And True
False
False True True
Not((2 * 3 = 1 + 5) And (“U” & “2” = “U2”)) Not(( 6 Not(( 6 Not(( = 1 + 5) And (“U” & “2” = “U2”)) = 6 ) And (“U” & “2” = “U2”)) True ) And (“U” & “2” = “U2”))
Expression Not(2 = 12) Not(12 = 12)
Evaluates to True False
Expressions In VB: Part VIII
Expressions consist of one or more operands and zero or more operators. Expressions always evaluate to a single value
Expression
Evaluates to
Dim shtAge As Short shtAge = 12 (shtAge + 2) Dim shtX As Short shtX = 0 (shtAge + 11) * 10
14
11
Expressions In VB: Part XI
Expressions consist of one or more operands and zero or more operators. Expressions always evaluate to a single value
Expression 2>1 2<1
Evaluates to True False
(2 > 1)
2 >= 1 (2 >= 2) (2 = 2)
True
True True True
Expressions In VB: Part VII
Expressions consist of one or more operands and zero or more operators. Expressions always evaluate to a single value
Expression
Evaluates to
(1 + 1 + 1) (1 + 1) * 3 10 / 3
1+1 -(1 + 1) -(-1-1)
3 6 3.333333333
2 -2 2
Expressions In VB: Part III
Expressions consist of one or more operands and zero or more operators. Expressions always evaluate to a single value
Catalog guidelines of 3-4 hours per week per unit
CS 14 Final Grade vs. Class Attendance, Win/Spr 2004
100% 90% 80% 70% 60%
A B C D
50%
40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 0%
Not((
Not((
True
True
) And (
) And (
“U2” = “U2”))
True ))
Not((
True
False
))
Expressions In VB: Part X
Expressions consist of one or more operands and zero or more operators. Expressions always evaluate to a single value
Operators in VB: Part III
We have seen 3 Boolean operators
Symbol
Name
Not And Or
Negation Conjunction Disjunction
Operators in VB: Part IIII
We have seen 1 string operator
Expression True And True True And False
Evaluates to True False
False And False
False Or False False Or True Not(False Or True)
False
False True False
Expressions In VB: Part IX
Expression
Evaluates to
Dim shtAge As Short shtAge = 12 (shtAge > 11) Dim shtX As Short shtX = 0 (11 / shtAge) * 10
True
Runtime Error
Expressions In VB: Part XII
Expressions consist of one or more operands and zero or more operators. Expressions always evaluate to a single value