大学英语翻译教程-第八讲

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综合英语教程 8-10 、13 、14单元课文及readmore 翻译

U8 the invisible japanese gentlemen八位日本绅士正在本特利餐馆享用鱼餐。

他们偶尔用一种让人难以理解的语言相互交谈，并总是报以礼貌的微笑，还不时地微微躬身致意。

除一个人外，其他七个人都戴着眼镜。

坐在远处窗户边的漂亮姑娘间或扫他们一眼，但她自己的事情似乎太重要了，除了她自己和同伴外，她谁也无暇顾及。

她有着一头并不浓密的金发，好看的鹅蛋脸有着摄政时期流行的那种娇小玲珑的美丽，就像一幅微型画。

只是她说话有点刺耳——这也许是她刚毕业离开的罗丁或者是切尔滕纳姆女子学院的口音吧。

她左手中指上戴着一枚男式文章戒指。

我在一张餐桌旁坐下，和他们之间隔着那8位日本绅士。

这时就听她说：“你看，咱们下周就可以结婚了。

”“是吗？”她的同伴显出些许不安。

他往杯子里添了点夏布利酒，说：“当然可以，可我妈……”我没听见他们下面的谈话，因为这时餐桌旁最年长的日本绅士微笑着鞠了一躬，欠着身说了老长一段话。

他的讲话就像大鸟笼子里传出的叽喳声。

其余的人都朝他探着身子，面带笑容听他讲述。

我自己也禁不住想听他在说些什么。

姑娘的未婚夫外表和她很像。

我可以想象出他俩像两幅微型画似的并排挂在白木护壁板上。

他或许可以成为纳尔逊海军部队里的一名年轻军官。

在纳尔逊那个时代，有些文弱、有些敏感并不会成为晋升的障碍。

她说：“他们要预付给我500英镑的版税，而且已经把平装本的版权卖掉了。

”这么直白的商人口吻令我震惊；我感到震惊还因为她居然是我的同行。

她最多不过20岁，应该享受更好的生活。

“我明白了。

”他心不在焉地用叉子搅动着夏布利酒——也许订婚前他都是买香槟的吧。

日本绅士们此时已用完鱼餐，正向那位中年女服务员点一道鲜果沙拉，他们的英语说得很不地道，态度却谦恭有加。

姑娘看了他们一眼，又朝我这边看看，但我想，她眼里只有未来。

我很想告诫她，不要把未来寄托在第一本叫《切尔西的名流》的小说上。

我同意他母亲的观点。

这是个令人羞愧的想法，但我可能跟她母亲的年龄差不多。

英汉翻译教程第八章+第九章

以下是一些世界上著名的景点的译名
• • • • • • • • • • The Himalayas喜马拉雅山 Great Wall, China中国长城 Forbidden City, Beijing, China北京故宫 Mount Fuji, Japan日本富士山 Taj Mahal, India印度泰姬陵 Angkor Wat, Cambodia柬埔寨吴哥窟 Bali, Indonesia印度尼西亚巴厘岛 Borobudur, Indonesia印度尼西亚波罗浮屠 Sentosa, Singapore新加坡圣淘 Crocodile Farm, Thailand泰国北榄鳄鱼湖
• Pattaya Beach, Thailand泰国芭堤雅海滩 • Babylon, Iraq伊拉克巴比伦遗迹 • Mosque of St, Sophia in Istanbul (Constantinople), Turkey土耳其圣索非亚教堂 • Suez Canal, Egypt印度苏伊士运河 • Aswan High Dam, Egypt印度阿斯旺水坝 • Nairobi National Park, Kenya肯尼亚内罗毕国家公园 • Cape of Good Hope, South Africa南非好望角 • Sahara Desert撒哈拉大沙漠 • Pyramids, Egypt埃及金字塔 • The Nile, Egypt埃及尼罗河 • Great Barrier Reef大堡礁 • Sydney Opera House, Australia悉尼歌剧院
第九章
旅游
概念
一、旅游业
旅游业，是凭借旅游资源和设施，专门或者主要从事招徕、接待游客、为其提供交通、游览、住宿、餐饮、购物、文娱等六个环节服务的综合性行业。旅游业务要有三部分构成：旅游业、交通客运业和以饭店为代表的住宿业。他们是旅游业的三大支柱。

大学英语自考教程课文翻译8

有些人住的地区与外界隔绝,交通十分不便,卫星还显示了它们怎样向他们提供帮助。例如,这类地区的保健工作者可以把患者受伤的照片传送给远方的医生。然后他就能够根据医生的指示照料患者。
然而通信卫星用得最多的还是传送电话。大部分电话信息要走40000英里才能到达某个卫星然后返回地球。10年前,一颗卫星能够同时接收和传送33000多对通话。现在一颗卫星就能传送100000多对通话和几个电视频道节目——而这一切都是同时进行的。
查普曼博士的看法说明了很多问题。人们早就知道地球内部有一个电场,它的运动方式和大气中所含电能的运动方式十分一样。科学家们现在相信,大气中的电能导致地球内部电能地流动。
如果我们能够学会控制大气中的能量,我们将拥有无穷无尽的能源供应。很多科学家正在努力弄清怎样控制它。现在像我们这些不是科学家的人甚至也开始注意空气了。我们认识到,现在空气所含的成分和多年前不同。汽车,飞机,工厂以及核爆炸往大气中增加了很多尘埃和废气。现在是应该学会怎样保护我们的大气——人类世界的屋顶的时候了。
大气指的是包围着地球的全部空气,大气压力是靠近地球表面的全部空气的重量。假如没有大气压力,我们就不会有汽车轮胎,因为如果轮胎表面不受大气压力的作用,轮胎就会爆裂。
大气是由几百英里厚的各种气体的海洋构成的,广袤而又强大。它给予我们身体的压力超过每平方英寸14磅。压在我们肩膀上的细空气柱子几乎重达2000磅,但是我们的身体的构造方式使得这个重量不会把我们压坏。
重要的是要能认识到,同一种技术既能有利,也能有害,我们应该认真控制新的技术,防止有害的事情发生。正如电信专家所说,“我们必须牢记,解决问题的办法不在技术本身。……聪明地利用技术将能使我们成功。”
Unit 8
Text B
关于空气人们还不了解什么

英语本科段自学考试英汉翻译教程Unit 8 Popular Science.doc

Unit 8 Popular ScienceLesson 22(E—C)Oil(1)By G.. C. ThornleyThere are three main groups of oil:animal, vegetable and mineral. Great quantities of animal oil come from whales, those enormous creatures of the sea which are the largest remaining animals in the world. To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it with a tick covering of fat called blubber. When the whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down, either on board ship or on shore. It produces a great quantity of oil which can be made into food for human consumption. A few other creatures yield oil, but none so much as the whale. The livers of the cod and the halibut, two kinds of fish, yield nourishing oil. Both cod liver oil and halibut liver oil are given to sick children and other invalids who need certain vitamins. These oils may be bought at any chemist’s.Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. No household can get on without it, for it is used in cooking. Perfumes may be made from the oils of certain flowers. Socpa are made from vegetable and animal oils.To the ordinary man, one kind of oil may be as important as another. But when the politician or the engineer refers to oil, he almost always means mineral oil, the oil that drives tanks, aeroplanes and warships, motor-cars and diesel locomotivs, the oil that is used to lubricate all kinds of machinery. This is the oil that is used to lubricate all knids of machinery. This is the oil that has changed the life of the common man. When it is refined into petrol it is used to drive the internal combustion engine. To it we owe the existence of the motor-car, which has replaced the private carriage drawn by the horse. To it we owe the possibility of flying. It has changed the horse. To it we owe the possiblility of flying. It has changed the methods of warfare on land and sea. This knid of oil comes out of the earth. Because it burns well, it is used as fuel and in some ways it is superior to coal in this repect. Many big ships now burn oil instead of coal. Because it burns brightly, it is used for illumination; countless homes are still illuminated with oil-burning lamps. Because it is very slippery, it is used for lubrication. Two metal surfaces rubbing together cause friction and heat; but if they are separated by a thin film of oil, the friction and heat are reduced. No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated. The oil used for this purpose must be of the correct thickness; if it is too thin it will not give sufficient lubrication, and if it is too thick it will not reach all parts that must e lubricated.(from English Through Reading)参考译文：G.C.索恩利油可以分为三大类：动物油、植物油、矿物油。

大学汉英翻译教程第八章文学翻译之散文翻译

flowers, and a light blue mist floating up from the pool made them
seem washed in milk or caught in a gauzy dream(1)(2)(3). Though
the moon was full, a film of pale clouds in the sky would not allow
以为这恰是到了好处——酣眠固不可少，小睡也别有风味的”两句传神之笔没有译出，结构及意象遭到破坏；其二，没有运用现在时态，造成了时空理解上的错觉；第三，句句直译没有考虑到汉、英两种语言的差异，译文显得很是零散，且未能传达出原文的美感和神采。
《中国文学》译文：
Moonlight cascaded like water over the lotus leaves and
and the dense shrubs above cast down gloomy ghostlike shadows of varying
lengths and shades of colour. But the beautiful sparse shadows of the arching
willows were like a picture etched on the lotus leaves(5). Uneven as was the
朱纯深译文：
The moon sheds her liquid light silently over the leaves and flowers, which, in the floating transparency of a bluish haze from the pond, look as if they had just been bathed in milk, or like a dream wrapped in a gauzy hood (1)(2)(3). Although it is a full moon, shining through a film of clouds, the light is not at its brightest; it is, however, just right for me— a profound sleep is indispensable, yet a snatched doze also has a savour of its own (4). The moon light is streaming down through the foliage, casting bushy shadows on the ground from high above, dark and checked, like an army of ghosts;

unit 8 nature and nurture新编大学英语第二版第三册课文翻译

unit 8 nature and nurture新编大学英语第二版第三册课文翻译Unit 8 Nature and NurtureTwins, Genes, and EnvironmentHeredity or environment: which is stronger? The potentials which a person is born with determine in some way what he will do in life. Therefore heredity is fate, a kind of predestination. However, genes do not work in a vacuum; as soon as we begin considering the role that they play in the development of the individual, we see that there can be no development without the interacting environment. No characteristic is caused exclusively by either environment or genes.The relative effects of heredity and environment are most clearly observable in identical twins. Most identical twins are raised together and are remarkably alike in both appearance and behavior. These cases demonstrate that individuals with the same genes, when raised in the same environment, will respond to it in much the same way. They do not indicate what would happen if these identical individuals were raised separately.A number of studies have been made of identical twins raised apart. The twins who were the subjects of these studies lived in America, were raised in much the same physical environments, and experienced much the same nutritional histories. Therefore, as one might expect, they maintained the closest resemblance to each other in physical appearance,height, and weight. Exceptions occurred when one twin had developed a rather severe illness and the other had not; but on the whole everyone is impressed by the great psychological and physical likenesses that exist between identical twins, even those who have been separated from infancy.In a study of nineteen sets of twins who had been separated from birth, investigators found that in approximately two thirds of the sets there were no more significant differences than existed among unseparated pairs of twins. This strongly suggests the power of the genes and the limitation of the effect of environment. However, it must be remembered that, although the identical twins who were studied lived in different families far removed from each other, the environments in those families were not, on the whole, substantially different. Usually every effort would be made to put each child in a home with a background similar to that of its own family, and therefore it should not be surprising to find that the twins developed similarly. But in those cases in which there had been a greater difference in the environments of the separated twins, the differences between the twins were more substantial. The following case illustrates what happens to identical twins when they are brought up in contrasting environments.Gladys and Helen were born in a small Ohio town and were separatedat about eighteen months of age. They did not meet again until they were twenty-eight years old. Helen had been adopted twice. Her first foster parents had proved to be unstable, and Helen had been returned to theorphanage after a couple of years; after several months she was again adopted, by a farmer and his wife who lived in southeastern Michigan. This was her home for the next twenty-five years. Her second foster-mother, though she had had few educational advantages herself, was determined that Helen should receive a good education; Helen eventually graduated from college, taught school for twelve years, married at twenty-six, and had a daughter.Gladys was adopted by a Canadian railroad conductor and his wife. When she was in the third grade, the family moved to a rather isolated part of the Canadian Rockies, where there were no schools, and Gladys' formal education came to an end, and was not resumed until the family moved to Ontario. She stayed at home and did housework until she was seventeen, and then went to work in a knitting mill. She went to Detroit at nineteen, got a job, and married when she was twenty-one.Helen had been healthier than Gladys, in childhood and adulthood,but other than that, their environments had been very similar except for their educations. Their weight, height, hair color, and teeth were very similar. The differences that distinguished them were obviously associated with the different social lives they had led.Helen was confident, graceful, made the most of her personal appearance, and showed considerable polish and ease in social relationships. Gladys was shy, self-conscious, quiet and without charming or graceful manners. A scientist who studied them remarked, "Asan advertisement for a college education the contrast between these two twins should be quite effective."Considering the nature of their environmental experiences, the differences in Helen and Gladys are not surprising. Since psychological traits depend so much upon experience, it is to be expected that theywill reflect it. On the other hand, traits that are not liable to be influenced by the environment are more likely to exhibit a high degreeof similarity in identical twins. Important as they are, genes alone are never absolutely responsible for any trait. What we can do is set by the genes, but what we actually do is largely determined by the environment.基因、环境与双胞胎遗传与环境究竟哪一个影响更大呢,从某种程度上讲，一个人生来具有的潜力将决定他一生的作为。

英译汉第8讲翻译技巧之重复法连淑能英译汉教程

are enjoyed by the masses who uphold China’s socialist
construction.
我非常钦佩你们决心增强中国经济，并且决心保证使从事社
会主义建设的人民群众能够享受经济发展的成果。
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5
grammatical repetition
重复修饰语
7
grammatical repetition
重复几个宾语所共有的介词
Despite his versatility of talent and shiftiness of purpose, this man has in his whole lifetime been wedded to the most fossilized routine.
在适当的条件下，我们能把热能、机械能、以及其他形式的能转化成电能。
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6
grammatical repetition
重复几个宾语所共有的动词或几个动词所共有的宾语
We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。
We have come here to express our gratitude
形容词重叠，表示程度的加重、加深、加强、减轻或喜爱、厌恶等情绪
AA: 高高、厚厚、小小、长长、细细 A一/了A: 走一走、摇一摇、笑了笑、看了看 AABB: 干干净净、花花绿绿、歪歪斜斜 ABAB: 笔直笔直、通红通红、雪白雪白、崭新崭
新
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rhetorical reduplication and repetition

实用英汉互译教程8 Division

合译法
Chinese to English Translation

对我来说，我的水族箱(Aquarium )就像我自己的一个小王国。我就是里面的国王。 To me my aquarium is like my own little kingdom where I am the king. 中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业。 China is a large country with four-fiiculture.

Practice:

The recruitment of Chinese labor was not universally accepted in racially conscious (种族意识强烈) 19th century America and some white workers were unsettled(不安的) by their appearance in large numbers. 在种族意识十分强的19世纪的美国，招募中国劳工的做法并非普遍为人接受。由于工地上大批出现中国劳工，某些白人工人感到心绪不宁。
分译法的使用 A．单词的分译单词分译是指把原文中的一个单词拆译成一个小句或者句子。采用单词分译主要有两个目的：一是为了句法上的需要。由于一些单词在搭配、词义等方面的特点，直译会使句子生硬晦涩，翻译腔十足，而把某个单词分译却能使句子通顺，且不损伤原意。二是为了修饰上的需要，如加强语气，突出重点等。英语中的名词、动词、形容词和副词等都可分译。
Chinese to English Translation

You Try:

The ancients tried unsuccessfully to explain how a rainbow is formed. 古人曾试图说明彩虹是怎样产生的，但没有成功。

大学英语翻译全教程(完美版)第8讲

第八讲翻译理论学习：1949年到文革前的翻译一、概述两个重要阶段1. 建国初到“文革”前的17年，2. 70年代末至今二、两次翻译工作会议1951年“第一届翻译工作会议”1954年“全国文学翻译工作会议”，三、17年翻译的大致情况1. 50年代初，俄苏文学作品和文学理论，东欧民主国家的文学作品。

2. 50年代中后期，欧美国家的文学，3. 50年代末至60年代初，亚非拉文学的译介受到重视，对欧美和苏联文学由正面译介转为批判性译介。

四、17年间重要翻译家和理论家张谷若，哈代的作品，翻译的特点是“地道”“四字格”，“注释”张友松：马克·吐温的作品王科一：《傲慢与偏见》、杨必：《名利场》杨苡：《呼啸山庄》叶君健：安徒生童话杨绛：《堂吉诃德》傅雷：法国文学翻译大师“重神似不重形似”《高老头》周作人：“音译名从主人”钱钟书。

“化境”翻译技巧学习：句子的翻译（一）：句子翻译概述一、词序调整（1）Even the wild animals of his homeland, it seemed to Kunta, had more dignity than these creatures. (Alex Haley, Roots)昆塔觉得，即使他家乡的野兽也比这群人自尊自重。

（插入语换序）（2）In this way an earlier and perhaps even greater crop might be obtained.用这种方法，庄稼可以早一点收获，收成或许更好些。

(定语换序)（3）From the moment they set foot on the territory of their motherland, they were warmly received by their compatriots.他们从走上祖国土地的时刻起，就受到同胞们热情接待。

（定语从句换序）（4）Cheerful, efficient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable.他们乐观、能干、热情，总是想方设法使你一路上顺利舒适。

现代大学英语中文翻译8-10课

第八课仅仅不错而已杰里米·伯恩斯坦1．早在1981年．我收到过一份请柬，邀请我在宾西法尼亚州特拉华河沿岸过新泽西不远的某地召开的一次作家年会上做讲座。

我记不起确切的地点了，查看地图后我认为大概是在新望市。

我最开始的想法是拒绝。

理由很多。

首先我住在纽约，担任全职教学任务．周末对我来说很珍贵。

一想到为做个讲座周六天没亮就起床,驾着租来的车穿过整个新泽西州，实在不情愿。

我记得给的讲课费几乎不够行程所需的花费。

另外,让我讲的题目实际上已经不再是我的兴趣所在了。

我边写作边搞物理学研究，经常有人让我讲讲两者之间的联系。

人们一开始提问的时候，我觉得是值得讲一讲。

可是过了20年,我觉得惟一想要说的就是搞物理学和搞写作都极其困难，尤其是在你想两全其美的情况下。

2．大会的主题好像集中在诗歌上,于是我想起罗伯特·奥本海默过去自我介绍时的一件事。

由于奥本海默将在以下的故事中扮演重要的角色,我讲得详细点。

1925年奥本海默从哈佛毕业后，获得研究员的资格到欧洲学习。

在英国他的神经出了点儿毛病，度过了一段不愉快的时光之后，他去德国攻读博士学位。

在哥廷根．他师从著名的德国理论物理学家马克思·伯恩,并于1927年他23岁时获得了学位。

伯恩去世后对奥本海默的回忆录l975年出版,书中没有赞扬之词。

他写道，奥本海默“是伟大的天才，我从一件令人尴尬并惹麻烦的事上意识到他多么与众不同。

在上我的量子力学讨论课时，他经常打断别人的演讲,不管这个人是谁，连我在内，然后跨上讲台,拿起粉笔，说道：‘用下面的方法这道题可以做得更好。

”’实际上,研讨课上他的同学烦得要求伯恩制止这样的事情再次发生。

3．量子力学在此前一年由欧文·施罗丁格、沃纳·海森伯格和保罗·迪拉克创造。

第二年,迪拉克到哥廷根做客,碰巧住在一位名叫加里奥的物理学家的大房子里,奥本海默也住在那里。

迪拉克当时25岁。

两个年轻人成了朋友----此前还没有人能和迪拉克建立友谊。

现代大学英语精读1unit8thekindnessofstrangers课文翻译

第八单元Translation of Text A陌生人的仁慈1 一个夏天，我正驱车从我的家乡加利福尼亚州的塔霍湖市前去新奥尔良。

行驶到沙漠中部时，我碰到了一个正站在路边的年轻人。

他竖起拇指请求搭车，另一只手里握着一个汽油罐。

我径直从他身旁开了过去。

在这个国家曾经有一个时期，若是你对一个需要帮忙的人置之不睬，那你就被以为是一个愚蠢的人。

但此刻，你帮忙了他人，你就是一个愚蠢的人。

由于处处隐藏着暴徒、吸毒成瘾者、强奸犯和小偷，“我不想惹麻烦”就成了民族的箴言2 驶过了几个州后，我仍然在想着那个搭便车的旅行者。

把他束手无策留在沙漠并无让我太烦扰。

让我烦扰的是，我是何等轻易的就下了这个决定。

我乃至都没有把脚从加速器上抬起来。

3 还会有人再停下来么？我很想知道。

我想起布兰奇-杜包尔斯的著名的台词“我老是超级依赖陌生人的仁慈”。

现在还会有人依赖陌生人的仁慈查验此事的一个方式就是让一个人不带钱，只依托美国同胞的好心，从一个海岸到另一个海岸去旅行。

他将发现什么样的美国人呢？谁将会给他食物、提供住处、载他一路？4 这个想法激起我的好奇心。

5 在我步入37岁的那周，我意识到在我的一生中还从未冒过险。

因此我决定身无分文的从太平洋到大西洋旅行。

在这个金钱全能的国家，这将会是一次不花钱的旅行。

我将只接受他人提供的搭车、食物和休息场所。

我最终的目的地将是被卡罗莱纳周的恐怖角，这是我整个旅行要克服的所有恐惧的一个象征。

6 1994年9月6日，我早早的起了床，起身前去金门桥。

我背上背了50镑重的行李和一个向过往的车辆展示我此行目的地的标牌“美国”。

7 六周的时间，我免费搭车82次，穿越了14个省4223英里。

当我旅行时，人们老是提示我关于其他地方的事情。

在蒙大拿州，他们告知我要提防怀俄明州的牛仔。

在内布拉斯加州，他们说艾奥瓦州的人不像他们那么友好。

但是，我所到的地方受到的是善意的招待。

我对于人们欣然帮忙一个陌生人而感到吃惊，乃至当这些行为与他们自己的利益背道而驰的时候。

Unit 8 Nature and Nurture新编大学英语第二版第三册课文翻译

Unit 8 Nature and NurtureTwins, Genes, and EnvironmentHeredity or environment: which is stronger? The potentials which a person is born with determine in some way what he will do in life. Therefore heredity is fate, a kind of predestination. However, genes do not work in a vacuum; as soon as we begin considering the role that they play in the development of the individual, we see that there can be no development without the interacting environment. No characteristic is caused exclusively by either environment or genes.The relative effects of heredity and environment are most clearly observable in identical twins. Most identical twins are raised together and are remarkably alike in both appearance and behavior. These cases demonstrate that individuals with the same genes, when raised in the same environment, will respond to it in much the same way. They do not indicate what would happen if these identical individuals were raised separately.A number of studies have been made of identical twins raised apart. The twins who were the subjects of these studies lived in America, were raised in much the same physical environments, and experienced much the same nutritional histories. Therefore, as one might expect, they maintained the closest resemblance to each other in physical appearance, height, and weight. Exceptions occurred when one twin had developed a rather severe illness and the other had not; but on the whole everyone is impressed by the great psychological and physical likenesses that exist between identical twins, even those who have been separated from infancy.In a study of nineteen sets of twins who had been separated from birth, investigators found that in approximately two thirds of the sets there were no more significant differences than existed among unseparated pairs of twins. This strongly suggests the power of the genes and the limitation of the effect of environment. However, it must be remembered that, although the identical twins who were studied lived in different families far removed from each other, the environments in those families were not, on the whole, substantially different. Usually every effort would be made to put each child in a home with a background similar to that of its own family, and therefore it should not be surprising to find that the twins developed similarly. But in those cases in which there had been a greater difference in the environments of the separated twins, the differences between the twins were more substantial. The following case illustrates what happens to identical twins when they are brought up in contrasting environments.Gladys and Helen were born in a small Ohio town and were separated at about eighteen months of age. They did not meet again until they were twenty-eight years old. Helen had been adopted twice. Her first foster parents had proved to be unstable, and Helen had been returned to the orphanage after a couple of years; after several months she was again adopted, by a farmer and his wife who lived in southeastern Michigan. This was her home for the next twenty-five years. Her second foster-mother, though she had had few educational advantages herself, was determined that Helen should receive a good education; Helen eventually graduated from college, taught school for twelve years, married at twenty-six, and had a daughter.Gladys was adopted by a Canadian railroad conductor and his wife. When she was in the third grade, the family moved to a rather isolated part of the Canadian Rockies, where there were no schools, and Gladys' formal education came to an end, and was not resumed until the family moved to Ontario. She stayed at home and did housework until she was seventeen, and then went to work in a knitting mill. She went to Detroit at nineteen, got a job, and married when she was twenty-one.Helen had been healthier than Gladys, in childhood and adulthood, but other than that, their environments had been very similar except for their educations. Their weight, height, hair color, and teeth were very similar. The differences that distinguished them were obviously associated with the different social lives they had led.Helen was confident, graceful, made the most of her personal appearance, and showed considerable polish and ease in social relationships. Gladys was shy, self-conscious, quiet and without charming or graceful manners. A scientist who studied them remarked, "As an advertisement for a college education the contrast between these two twins should be quite effective."Considering the nature of their environmental experiences, the differences in Helen and Gladys are not surprising. Since psychological traits depend so much upon experience, it is to be expected that they will reflect it. On the other hand, traits that are not liable to be influenced by the environment are more likely to exhibit a high degree of similarity in identical twins. Important as they are, genes alone are never absolutely responsible for any trait. What we can do is set by the genes, but what we actually do is largely determined by the environment.基因、环境与双胞胎遗传与环境究竟哪一个影响更大呢？从某种程度上讲，一个人生来具有的潜力将决定他一生的作为。