船舶口语英语

TextInternational TradeThe port cities are some of the most colorful cities in the country。

In cities such as Shanghai，Dalian，Qingdao，Guangzhou，etc．，you can see ships of many nations loading and unloading goods of all descriptions．Everyone is aware that this flow of resources in and out goes on，but not everyone understands the reason for it，the way in which the transactions which cause the flow are made，the effect the flow has on levels of economic activity and on standards of living．All this boils down to a problem dealing with international trade．International trade, in nature, is just like any other trade except that it crosses international boundary lines．Although this is a simple truism，it is for some reason a difficult idea for people to grasp.If a manufacturer of farm machinery in Nanjing purchases steel from a company in Shanghai，this is trade. If between Nanjing and Shanghai there was an international (between nations) boundary line instead of an intercity (between cities) boundary line，this particular transaction would still take place and for precisely the same reason. International boundaries describe political units, not economic units．Therefore，it is perfectly natural for some trade to flow across and beyond political boundaries．In one way we might say a difference that lies between foreign and domestic trades is that foreign trade crosses political boundary lines while domestic trade does not.International trade, or foreign trade, and domestic trade are special manifestations of the same general phenomenon of exchange—an exchange of goods and services for other goods and services，and，in trade today，with money as a medium of exchange．The former is the exchange of goods and services between countries in their form of exports and imports，while the latter takes place entirely within a single country．All trade, whether it is international, interregional, interstate, intrastate, intercity or intracity, comes about because people and places differ．Some produce one thing efficiently，others produce another。

Economists refer to this characteristic as comparative advantage．The law of comparative advantage states that any person，business，or economic unit can get more real goods and services if each produces the things which it can produce more efficiently，and trades this output for other thingswanted．According to the economic principle of comparative advantage，it is said that each country should concentrate on producing those goods it can make more efficiently and buy from other countries those goods it cannot produce or cannot produce as efficiently．This is made possible by the fact that foreign trade enables countries to specialize in producing those things they are best suited to make with the resources they have．A country benefits more by producing goods it can make most cheaply and buying those goods that other countries can make at lower costs than by producing everything it needs within its own borders．For example，the climate 0f the United States is not suitable for growing coffee，SO it imports coffee beans flrom Brazil．Though California and Arizona grow olives，the United States imports olives from the Mediterranean countries as these states do not Produce a great enough volume and variety to supply the entire country at prices competitive with those of foreign producers．The same reasons account for U．S．import of such products as French perfumes and Irish linens．Through exporting and importing, people in many countries share the benefit of production in other countries.New Words and ExpressionsReading Material 2Meeting a Foreign Business Friend(1)At the AirportLin：Excuse me，but are you Mr. Black ?Stranger：Oh，no，I am afraid you’ve made a mistake．L：Sorry．But can you tell me who is Mr. Black ?S：I，m afraid not．You had better ask that gentleman over there.(GOING UP TO THE GENTLEMAN)L：Excuse me。

but aren’t you Mr. Black from America?B：Yes．I am John Black from America．L：I，m an interpreter from China National Textiles Import and Export Corporation，Zhengzhou Branch．My name is Lin。

B：How do you do。

Mr. Lin．L：How do you do. Our Marketing Manager Mr. Wang has made a special effort to come and meet you.(TO WANG)This is Mr. Black from America.W：How do you do。

Mr. Black. We’ve been expecting you for quite some time. Now you’ve come at last. Let me extend our warm welcome to you.B：Thank you.It’S a pleasure to have an opportunity to come to Zhengzhou.W：The pleasure is all ours. We hope your visit will promote our mutual understanding.B：And reinforce our business relations，too.W：Quite right.Well，I suppose you must be very tired after flying for SO many hours.B：Er…not very tired.The service in the plane was really not bad. As a matter of fact I had a very enjoyable jouney. And to tell you the truth，I have been very excited all the way as this is the first time I come to China，you know.W：I’m very glad to hear that. Oh，Mr. Black，shall we go over to the waiting room for a short rest before fetching the luggage and going through the formalities?B：Yes. that’S not a bad idea.W：This way，please，Mr. Black.B：OK.(2) Conversation in the Waiting RoomW：Take a seat please, Mr. Black.B：Thank you. This is quite a big waiting room.W：Yes. But sometimes even this waiting room seems a bit crowded，as more and more passengers travelling by plane nowadays, you see.B：China is a big country with a very large population.W：Right you are. Well, may I offer you a cup of tea?B：Thank you. Mmm. It smells wonderful. No Wonder they often say that Chinese tea is famous all over the world. It really has a well-deserved reputation,W：This is Jasmine tea, the favorite tea of the people in North China.B：You mean that people in South China have their own favorite?W：Yes。