过去分词的用法学案

过去分词的用法

过去分词主要表示被动，可表示发生在过去，所以叫过去分词。也可以无时间概念，只表示被动。过去分词用法：状语、定语、补语、表语。

★过去分词作表语

【语境展示】观察下列句子中过去分词的用法，然后加以归纳。

1. a. When we heard of it, we were deeply moved.

b. On hearing the good news everyone was very excited.

2. a. My mother looked worried after reading the letter.

b. Tom seemed quite delighted at the idea.

c. He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people find their dreams.

【自我归纳】

●过去分词作表语时，相当于形容词，与谓语动词构成________结构，表示主语的性质、特征和状态（第一组例句）。

●除系动词be外，look, seem, become等连系动词也可接过去分词作表语（第二组例句）。这类动词还包括get, sound, feel, remain, appear, turn等。

【拓展】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语表示主语的特点或所处的状态；被动语态表示一个具体的动作，强调主语所承受的动作。如：

We were amused to learn that he had made a foolish mistake.（过去分词作表语）

We were amused by his story and burst out laughing.（被动语态）

interest interesting interested

move moving moved

excite exciting excited

surprise surprising surprised

frighten frightening frightened

terrify terrifying terrified

encourage encouraging encouraged

tire tiring tired

inspire inspiring inspired

please pleasing pleased

trouble troubling troubled

satisfy satisfying satisfied

For example:

I was moved by the moving story.

★过去分词作定语

【语境展示】观察下列句子中过去分词的用法，然后加以归纳。

1. a. My parents are both retired teachers.

b. Hurry up, there is only a little time left.

c. Who were the guests invited to the party last night?

2. a. The funds raised (which have been raised) are mainly used for helping the homeless.

b. The beautiful woman dressed in white (who is dressed in white) is my teacher.

【自我归纳】

●过去分词作定语时，分词所表示的动作与被修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且多表示已完成的动作。

●单个的过去分词作定语，通常置于被修饰词之前，也可后置；过去分词短语作定语时，需置于被修饰词________（第一组例句）。

●过去分词作定语时，可转换为________从句（第二组例句）。

注意：及物动词的过去分词与逻辑主语（即它所修饰的名词）之间是被动关系，可以转换为谓语动词是被动语态的定语从句；不及物动词的过去分词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系（即只说明逻辑主语所处的状态、特点或特征等），可以转换为谓语动词是主动语态的定语从句。如：

a broken cup = a cup which has been broken（break是及物动词，表示被动和完成）

the fallen leaves on the ground = the leaves which have fallen on the ground （fall是不及物动词，说明主语的状态，表示动作已经完成）

常用的这一类词有：fallen，faded，returned，retired，risen，grown up，vanished 等。

区别：This is a pressing problem. （=This is a problem .）这是一个紧迫的问题。

The funds raised （= ______________）are mainly used for helping the homeless.

筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。

There are many students waiting （= _______________）to get examined. 有许多学生在等待检查。

This book，written （= _______________）in simple English，is suitable for beginners.

本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。

★过去分词作宾语补足语

【归纳】过去分词作宾语补足语时，分词所表示的动作与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。常用于以下情况：

●用在see, hear, watch, find, feel, think等表示感觉和心理状态的动词后面。如：

We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.

I found her greatly changed.

●用在get, have, make, keep等表示“致使”意义的动词后面。如：

They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.

Please keep us informed of the latest news.

●用在like, order, want, wish等表示“希望、要求、命令”等意义的动词后面。如：

The boss won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting.

I wish the problem settled.

★过去分词作状语

【语境展示】观察下列句子中过去分词的用法，然后加以归纳。

1. a. Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful.

b. Born in a poor family, Jane had only two years of schooling.

c. The cup fell down to the ground, broken.

d. Given more time, he can do it better.

e. Explained a hundred times, he still can’t understand it.

f. Supported by the nurse, the patient got off the bed.

g. The hunter walked slowly into the forest, followed by his dog.

2. a. When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.

b. Although built thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful.

【自我归纳】

●过去分词作状语时，可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随等，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系（第一组例句）。