高分子化学双语6
《高分子化学》PPT课件
纤维增强可以显著提高高分子材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度 、冲击强度等力学性能,同时还可以改善材料的耐塑料、复合材料等领域,如 玻璃纤维增强塑料(GFRP)、碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP) 等。
加工成型技术
加工成型方法
高分子材料的加工成型方法包括注塑成型、挤出成型、吹塑成型、压延成型等。这些方 法各有特点,适用于不同形状和尺寸的高分子制品的生产。
高分子催化剂
高分子催化剂在石油化工、有机合成 等领域具有催化效率高、选择性好等 优点。
生物医用高分子材料
生物医用高分子材料如人工器官、药 物载体、生物传感器等在医疗卫生领 域具有广泛应用前景。
发展趋势
向高性能、高功能化、智能化方向发 展,同时注重环保和可持续发展。
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实验部分:高分子化学实验操作与注意事 项
汽车工业
轮胎、密封件、减震件等是汽车橡胶制品的 主要应用领域。
医疗卫生
医用手套、输液管、医用胶布等橡胶制品在 医疗卫生领域具有广泛应用。
日常生活
橡胶鞋、橡胶管、橡胶带等橡胶制品在日常 生活中随处可见。
发展趋势
向高性能、高耐磨、环保型橡胶方向发展, 如绿色轮胎、热塑性弹性体等。
纤维领域应用及发展趋势
发展历程
从天然高分子到合成高分子,经 历了漫长的岁月,随着科技的进 步,高分子化学得到了迅速的发 展。
高分子化合物分类与特点
分类
根据来源可分为天然高分子和合成高 分子;根据性能可分为塑料、橡胶、 纤维等。
特点
高分子化合物具有相对分子质量大、 分子链长、多分散性、物理和化学性 质独特等特点。
高分子化学研究意义
《高分子化学》PPT 课件
目录
• 高分子化学概述 • 高分子化合物合成方法 • 高分子化合物结构与性能 • 高分子材料改性与加工技术 • 高分子材料应用领域及发展趋势 • 实验部分:高分子化学实验操作与注意事
高分子专业英语词汇汉译英(精)
--- 均方末端距mean-aquare end-to-end distance 均方末端距- 非交联的uncross-linked 非交联的- 三维有序的three-dimensionally ordered 三维有序的- 三乙基硼氟酸羊triethyloxonium-borofluoride 三乙基硼氟酸羊 - 射线光X-ray x 射线 x 光- 缨状微束理论fringed-micelle theory 缨状微束理论- 折叠链片晶理论folded-chain lamella theory 折叠链片晶理论 - 逐步聚合step-growth polymerization 逐步聚合(表面)发粘的, 粘连性tacky (表面)发粘的 , 粘连性(空间)排布,排列arrangement (空间)排布,排列(链)引发initiation (链)引发(链)终止terminate (链)终止(链)转移,(热)传递transfer (链)转移,(热)传递(生)面团,揉好的面dough (生)面团,揉好的面 (作用于分子间的intermolecular (作用于分子间的氨基,氨基的amino 氨基,氨基的氨基甲酸酯urethane 氨基甲酸酯把…相互连接起来连接interlink 把…相互连接起来连接半晶semicrystalline 半晶半径radius 半径饱和saturation 饱和苯基锂phenyllithium 苯基锂苯基钠phenyl sodium 苯基钠变化,改变variation 变化,改变变形deformation 形变变形性,变形能力deformability 变形性,变形能力表面活性剂surfactant 表面活性剂表征成为…的特征characterize 表征成为…的特征玻璃(态)的glassy 玻璃态的玻璃化温度glass transition temperature 玻璃化温度玻璃态glassy 玻璃(态)的玻璃态的glassy state 玻璃态不饱和的unsaturated 不饱和的不规则性,不均匀的irregularity 不规则性,不均匀的不均匀的,非均匀的heterogeneous 不均匀的,非均匀的不了或缺的indispensable 不了或缺的不完全的imperfect 不完全的参数parameter 参数侧基pendant group 侧基缠结,纠缠entanglement 缠结,纠缠产率yield 产率超声波ultrasonic 超声波超速离心(分离)ultracentrifugation 超速离心(分离)撤出evacuate 撤出沉淀,澄清settle 沉淀,澄清沉降(法)sedimentation 沉降(法)衬里,贴面line 衬里,贴面成分ingredient 成分成型shaping 成型尺寸dimension 尺寸尺寸稳定性dimensional stability 尺寸稳定性稠度,粘稠度consistency 稠度,粘稠度纯度purity 纯度醇(碱金属)烯催化剂Alfin catalyst 醇(碱金属)烯催化剂催化剂,触媒catalyst 催化剂,触媒脆的,易碎的brittle 脆的,易碎的错位,位错dislocation 错位,位错大分子,高分子macromelecule 大分子,高分子单官能度的monofunctional 单官能度的单键single bond 单键单体monomer 单体单轴的uniaxial 单轴的弹性模量elastic modulus 弹性模量弹性体elastomer 弹性体弹性指数slastic parameter 弹性指数当量的,化学计算量的stoichiometric 当量的,化学计算量的导电材料conductive material 导电材料等规立构的isotactic 等规立构的丁二烯butadiene 丁二烯丁基锂butyllithium 丁基锂定向,取向orient 定向,取向定向orientation 定向动力学kinetics 动力学动力学链长kinetic chain length 动力学链长断裂rupture 断裂堆积物,沉积deposit 堆积物,沉积堆砌packing 堆砌多分散的polydisperse 多分散的多分散性polydispersity 多分散性多官能度的polyfunctional 多官能度的多孔性,孔隙率porosity 多孔性,孔隙率二(元)胺diamine 二(元)胺二(元)醇diol 二(元)醇二(元)酸diacid 二(元)酸二次成型secondary shaping operation 二次成型二聚物(体)dimer 二聚物(体)二烯烃diolefin 二烯烃二元的dibasic 二元的反应物,试剂reactent 反应物,试剂反应性,活性reactivity 反应性,活性反应性的,活性的reactive 反应性的,活性的芳香(族)的aromatic 芳香(族)的非弹性的nonelastic 非弹性的分级fractionation 分级分解,分散,分离disintegrate 分解,分散,分离分解decomposition 分解分类(法)categorization 分类(法)分散剂dispersant 分散剂分子量molecular weight distribution 分子量分布分子量分布molecular weight 分子量粉状的powdery 粉状的副作用side reaction 副作用改性modify 改性隔离基团spacer group 隔离基团各项同性的isotropic 各项同性的功能聚合物functional polymer 功能聚合物功能聚合物functionalized polymer 功能聚合物共聚(合)copolymerization 共聚(合)共聚物copolymer 共聚物构象conformation 构象固有的intrinsic 固有的官能团functional group 官能团光敏剂photosensitizer 光敏剂光气,碳酰氯phosgene 光气,碳酰氯光散射light scattering 光散射合成synthesis 合成合成synthesize 合成合成的synthetic 合成的核磁共振nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振核径迹探测器nuclear track detector 核径迹探测器红外光谱法infrared spectroscopy 红外光谱法花纹,图样式样pattern 花纹,图样式样缓释剂corrosion inhibitor 缓释剂机理mechanism 机理基体,结晶crystal 基体,结晶基体,母体,基质,矩阵matrix 基体,母体,基质,矩阵挤出extrusion 注射成型挤压squeeze 挤压加成聚合物,加聚物addition polymer 加成聚合物,加聚物加工,成型processing 加工,成型加重,恶化aggravate 加重,恶化夹杂(带)的occluded 夹杂(带)的假定的,理想的,有前提的hypothetical 假定的,理想的,有前提的间歇式的intermittent 间歇式的碱金属alkali metal 碱金属键断裂能bond dissociation energy 键断裂能降解depropagation 降解交联crosslinking 交联胶体colloid 胶体搅拌agitation 搅拌结构,组织texture 结构,组织结晶的crystalline 晶体,晶态,结晶的,晶态的结晶性,结晶度crystallinity 结晶性,结晶度解除,松开release 解除,松开解聚depolymerization 解聚介质中等的,中间的medium 介质中等的,中间的界限,范围boundary 界限,范围晶体,晶态,结晶的,晶态的crystalline 结晶的竞聚率reactivity ratio 竞聚率聚苯烯polypropylene 聚苯烯聚苯乙烯polystyrene 聚苯乙烯聚丁烯polybutene 聚丁烯聚合(物)的polymeric 聚合(物)的聚合度degree of polymerization 聚合度聚合物【体】,高聚物polymer 聚合物【体】,高聚物聚氯乙烯polyvinylchloride 聚氯乙烯聚酰胺polyamide 聚酰胺聚乙烯polyethylene 聚乙烯聚乙烯醇polyvinyl alcohol 聚乙烯醇聚酯化(作用)polyesterification 聚酯化(作用)开链unzippering 开链开始,着手commence 开始,着手抗静电剂antistatic agent 抗静电剂抗氧剂antioxidant 抗氧剂抗张强度tensile strength 抗张强度控制释放controlled release 控制释放口模成型dieforming 口模成型扩散diffuse 扩散拉直,拉长stretch 拉直,拉长冷冻水chilled water 冷冻水离解dissociate 离解离心centrifuge 离心离子ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂离子的ionic polymerization 离子型聚合离子交换树脂ion 离子离子型聚合ionic 离子的理想的,概念的ideal 理想的,概念的力学性能,机械性能mechanical property 力学性能,机械性能立构规整性【度】srereoregularity 立构规整性【度】连锁反应chain reaction 连锁反应链段segment 链段链段segment 链段链间的interchain 链间的链终止chain termination 链终止流动性mobility 流动性流体静力学hydrostatic 流体静力学硫化vulcanization 硫化络合物complex 络合物氯(气)chlorine 氯(气)氯乙烯vinyl 乙烯基(的)密度density 密度密封seal 密封模塑成型moulding 模塑成型模型model 模型逆流countercurrent 逆流黏弹态viscoelastic 黏弹性的黏弹性的viscoelastic state 黏弹态黏度viscosity average molecular weight 黏均分子量黏均分子量viscosity 黏度黏流态viscofluid state 黏流态凝胶 gel 凝胶农药,化肥 agrochemical 排列成行 align 配方 formulation 喷洒sprinkle 喷洒片晶 platelet 片晶平衡 equilibrium 潜在的 latent 平衡潜在的嵌入,埋入,包埋氢键排列成行配方农药,化肥嵌入,埋入,包埋 imbed 强度 strength 强度氢(气)hydrogen bonding 氢键 hydrogen 缺陷 defect 缺陷氢(气)取代,代替substitution 取代,代替热成型 thermoforming 热固性的 thermoset 热解 pyrolysis 热成型热固性的热解热塑性的热传递 heat transfer 热传递热力学地thermondynamically 热力学地热塑性的 thermoplastic 溶剂 solvent 溶解 dissolution 溶解度 solubility 溶胀 swell 熔化的 molten 柔量 compliance 溶胀熔化的柔量溶剂溶解溶解度溶胀的 swollen 溶胀的柔软的 flexible 柔软的三苯甲基钾 triphenylenthyl potassium 三苯甲基钾三聚物(体)trimer 三聚物(体)三氯化铁三元的,叔(特)的三氯化铁 titanium trichloride 三元的,叔(特)的 tertiary 筛子,筛分scalp 熵 entropy 熵伸长率,延伸率 elongation 渗透性 permeability 渗透性生物(学)的 biological 生物医学的 biomedical 食盐 common salt 食盐生长链,活性链growing chain 生物(学)的生物医学的生长链,活性链伸长率,延伸率筛子,筛分使…变形,扭曲 distort 使脱氢 dehydrogenate 收缩 retract 收缩使…变形,扭曲使脱氢数均分子量使…溶解 dissolve 使…溶解数均分子量 number average molecular weight 双键 double bond 双键四氯化钛 titanium tetrachloride 四氯化钛四氢呋喃 tetrahydrofuran 塑料 plastics 塑料碎屑,碎片 fragment 羧基 carboxyl 羧基羧基酸 hydocy acid 羧基酸缩(合)聚(合)polycondensation 缩合聚合物,缩聚物condensation polymer 太阳能 solar energy 太阳能炭 char 炭特性 peculiarity 烃基hydroxyl 统计的 statistical 涂覆 coating 涂覆脱单塔 stripping tower 脱水 dewater 脱水外形,轮廓 contour 外形,轮廓烷基铝 aluminum alkyl 微晶 crystallite 稳定剂stabilizer 稳定性 stability 稳定性污物 contaminant 污物无定型的,非晶体的amorphous 无规降解 random decomposition 无规立构的 atactic 无规立构的无规线团random coil 无规线团无机聚合物 inorganic polymer 烯丙基 allyl 烯丙基烯烃的olefinic 烯烃的细分区分 subdivide 纤维 fiber 线团 coil 线团纤维细分区分微晶稳定剂烷基铝脱单塔特性烃基同时,同步统计的碎屑,碎片四氢呋喃缩(合)聚(合)缩合聚合物,缩聚物同时,同步 simultaneously 无定型的,非晶体的无规降解无机聚合物酰胺化(作用)amidation 酰胺化(作用)线团状的 coiling 线团状的相互作用相互作用 interaction 橡胶 rubber 橡胶想象,推测 imagine 想象,推测橡胶态的 rubbery 橡胶态的消除,打开,除去eliminate 形变 deformation 变形形态(学)morphology 形态(学)型柸 parison 型柸性能,行为 behavior 性能,行为性能,特征 performance 性能,特征絮凝剂flocculating agent 压延 calendering 衍射 diffraction 氧鎓羊 oxonium 药品,药物 drug 液晶 liquid crystal 液晶依数性 colligative 乙烯基醚 vinyl chloride 异丁烯 isobutylene 异氰酸酯 isocyanate 阴(负)离子的 anionic 引发剂 initiator 引发剂引力,吸引attraction 硬度 hardness 油轮,槽车 tanker 淤浆 slurry 淤浆硬度油轮,槽车引力,吸引异丁烯异氰酸酯阴(负)离子的依数性乙烯基醚氯乙烯异丙醇金属,异丙氧化金属乙烯基(的)vinyl ether 压延成型压延衍射氧鎓羊药品,药物,药物的,医药的药品,药物絮凝剂旋转,回旋 gyration 旋转,回旋压延成型calendering 消除,打开,除去小球,液滴,颗粒 globule 小球,液滴,颗粒阳(正)离子的 cationic 阳(正)离子的药品,药物,药物的,医药的pharmaceutical 异丙醇金属,异丙氧化金属 isopropylate 有规立构的,立构规整性的stereoregular 有规立构的,立构规整性的运动,流动 mobilize 运动,流动杂质impurity 杂质载体 carrier 载体增进,改善 improve 增进,改善粘稠的 viscous 粘稠的照射,辐射 irradiation 真是的 real 真是的照射,辐射争论,争议 controversy 争论,争议正[阳]离子 cation 正[阳]离子正的,阳(性)的 positive 正的,阳(性)的脂肪(族)的 aliphatic 脂肪(族)的酯化(作用)esterification 酯化(作用)中性的 neutral 中性的重复单元重均分子量主链,骨干助催化剂挤出转化率转化自由基聚合种类,类型 category 种类,类型重复单元 repeating unit 主链,骨干 backbone 助催化剂 cocatalyst 注射成型 extrusion 转化 conversion 转化率conversion 转矩 torsion 转矩自由基阻燃剂最佳的,最佳值[点,状态] 最小化最小值,最小的模型活化(作用)重均分子量 weight average molecular weight 自由基radical polymerization 自由基聚合 radical 阻燃剂 flame retardant 最小化 minimise ( 模型 mo(ulding 最佳的,最佳值[点,状态]optimum 最小值,最小的 minimum 活化(作用)activation 手风琴手风琴。
高分子化学名词翻译和解释
第一章绪论(Introduction)高分子化合物(High Molecular Compound):所谓高分子化合物,系指那些由众多原子或原子团主要以共价键结合而成的相对分子量在一万以上的化合物。
单体(Monomer):合成聚合物所用的-低分子的原料。
如聚氯乙烯的单体为氯乙烯。
重复单元(Repeating Unit):在聚合物的大分子链上重复出现的、组成相同的最小基本单元。
如聚氯乙烯的重复单元为。
单体单元(Monomer Unit):结构单元与原料相比,除了电子结构变化外,其原子种类和各种原子的个数完全相同,这种结构单元又称为单体单元。
结构单元(Structural Unit):单体在大分子链中形成的单元。
聚氯乙烯的结构单元为。
聚合度(DP、Xn)(Degree of Polymerization) :衡量聚合物分子大小的指标。
以重复单元数为基准,即聚合物大分子链上所含重复单元数目的平均值,以Xn表示;以结构单元数为基准,即聚合物大分子链上所含结构单元数目的平均值,以DP表示。
聚合物是由一组不同聚合度和不同结构形态的同系物的混合物所组成,因此聚合度是一统计平均值,一般写成、。
分子量分布(Molecular Weight Distribution, MWD ):由于高聚物一般由不同分子量的同系物组成的混合物,因此它的分子量具有一定的分布,分子量分布一般有分布指数和分子量分布曲线两种表示方法。
多分散性(Polydispersity):聚合物通常由一系列相对分子量不同的大分子同系物组成的混合物,用以表达聚合物的相对分子量大小并不相等的专业术语叫多分散性。
分布指数(Distribution Index) :重均分子量与数均分子量的比值。
即。
用来表征分子量分布的宽度或多分散性。
连锁聚合(Chain Polymerization):活性中心引发单体,迅速连锁增长的聚合。
烯类单体的加聚反应大部分属于连锁聚合。
高分子化学双语课程的教学改革与探索
高分子化学双语课程的教学改革与探索摘要:结合我校高分子化学双语课程改革与探索的实际,采用互动式、实践型等多种教学方法,有效调动了学生的学习积极性,提高了教学质量。
本文就具体做法和个人体会进行了总结。
关键词:高分子化学双语教学改革作为一门新兴学科,高分子科学的发展历史虽短,许多理论尚不成熟,但随着与生命科学、信息以及环境等诸多科学领域的相互交叉、渗透,材料行业的结构已逐渐步入高分子材料的时代。
高分子化学作为高分子科学领域的重要基础课程,已发展成为继有机、无机、分析和物理四大化学之后的第五大化学,其教学内容既具有很强的理论性,又具有很强的实践性[1~2]。
该课程的专业名词较多,一些名词用中文很难体现出原有的含义,因而展开双语教学对高分子名词原意的理解会更加准确而有意义。
此外,该课程的开设是在本科阶段,高质量的双语教学对于引导学生在今后广泛涉猎国内外高分子化学的发展动态,提高学生的学习能力,加强其认识问题、分析问题及解决问题的能力都是很有帮助的。
为适应社会高速发展对人才培养的要求,我们在高分子化学双语课程建设中,不断转变教学思想,改进教学手段,努力探索符合我校特色的教育教学方法。
1 有效调动学生的求知欲对学生传授知识的主要渠道是课堂,学生在课堂中能否学到知识的关键就是看学生是否以积极、主动的学习状态参与到整个教学过程之中。
换言之,兴趣是学生最好的老师。
为此,我们面对的首要问题就是去帮助学生解决“为什么要学习这门课程”,“学了之后有什么用”等疑惑。
不同的学生,其学习态度也不尽相同,作为教师,必须去研究他们,做到因材施教。
基础较好的同学,其学习主动性可能较高;而基础较弱的同学,有的可能没有信心去学好这门课程,也有的可能因为长期以来的“不良学习习惯”,容易在上课时开小差、睡觉、甚至缺席,这不仅影响到自己和其他同学的学习,还会影响老师的教学。
为此,我们必须调整教学方法,有效调动学生的求知欲。
化学类学科给人的第一印象大多是复杂的反应方程式加上枯燥的数学理论计算,如何让学生对高分子化学产生不同的看法,即产生新鲜感,第一堂课的讲授就显得尤为重要,也是提高学生学习积极性的关键。
高分子材料工程专业英语词汇及部分课文翻译
专业英语词汇accordion 手风琴activation 活化(作用)addition polymer 加成聚合物,加聚物aggravate 加重,恶化agitation 搅拌agrochemical 农药,化肥Alfin catalyst 醇(碱金属)烯催化剂align 排列成行aliphatic 脂肪(族)的alkali metal 碱金属allyl 烯丙基aluminum alkyl 烷基铝amidation 酰胺化(作用)amino 氨基,氨基的amorphous 无定型的,非晶体的anionic 阴(负)离子的antioxidant 抗氧剂antistatic agent 抗静电剂aromatic 芳香(族)的arrangement (空间)排布,排列atactic 无规立构的attraction 引力,吸引backbone 主链,骨干behavior 性能,行为biological 生物(学)的biomedical 生物医学的bond dissociation energy 键断裂能boundary 界限,范围brittle 脆的,易碎的butadiene 丁二烯butyllithium 丁基锂calendering 压延成型calendering 压延carboxyl 羧基carrier 载体catalyst 催化剂,触媒categorization 分类(法)category 种类,类型cation 正[阳]离子cationic 阳(正)离子的centrifuge 离心chain reaction 连锁反应chain termination 链终止char 炭characterize 表征成为…的特征chilled water 冷冻水chlorine 氯(气)coating 涂覆cocatalyst 助催化剂coil 线团coiling 线团状的colligative 依数性colloid 胶体commence 开始,着手common salt 食盐complex 络合物compliance 柔量condensation polymer 缩合聚合物,缩聚物conductive material 导电材料conformation 构象consistency 稠度,粘稠度contaminant 污物contour 外形,轮廓controlled release 控制释放controversy 争论,争议conversion 转化率conversion 转化copolymer 共聚物copolymerization 共聚(合)corrosion inhibitor 缓释剂countercurrent 逆流crosslinking 交联crystal 基体,结晶crystalline 晶体,晶态,结晶的,晶态的crystalline 结晶的crystallinity 结晶性,结晶度crystallite 微晶decomposition 分解defect 缺陷deformability 变形性,变形能力deformation 形变deformation 变形degree of polymerization 聚合度dehydrogenate 使脱氢density 密度depolymerization 解聚deposit 堆积物,沉积depropagation 降解dewater 脱水diacid 二(元)酸diamine 二(元)胺dibasic 二元的dieforming 口模成型diffraction 衍射diffuse 扩散dimension 尺寸dimensional stability 尺寸稳定性dimer 二聚物(体)diol 二(元)醇diolefin 二烯烃disintegrate 分解,分散,分离dislocation 错位,位错dispersant 分散剂dissociate 离解dissolution 溶解dissolve 使…溶解distort 使…变形,扭曲double bond 双键dough (生)面团,揉好的面drug 药品,药物elastic modulus 弹性模量elastomer 弹性体eliminate 消除,打开,除去elongation 伸长率,延伸率entanglement 缠结,纠缠entropy 熵equilibrium 平衡esterification 酯化(作用)evacuate 撤出extrusion 注射成型extrusion 挤出fiber 纤维flame retardant 阻燃剂flexible 柔软的flocculating agent 絮凝剂folded-chain lamella theory 折叠链片晶理论formulation 配方fractionation 分级fragment 碎屑,碎片fringed-micelle theory 缨状微束理论functional group 官能团functional polymer 功能聚合物functionalized polymer 功能聚合物gel 凝胶glass transition temperature 玻璃化温度glassy 玻璃(态)的glassy 玻璃态的glassy state 玻璃态globule 小球,液滴,颗粒growing chain 生长链,活性链gyration 旋转,回旋hardness 硬度heat transfer 热传递heterogeneous 不均匀的,非均匀的hydocy acid 羧基酸hydrogen 氢(气)hydrogen bonding 氢键hydrostatic 流体静力学hydroxyl 烃基hypothetical 假定的,理想的,有前提的ideal 理想的,概念的imagine 想象,推测imbed 嵌入,埋入,包埋imperfect 不完全的improve 增进,改善impurity 杂质indispensable 不了或缺的infrared spectroscopy 红外光谱法ingredient 成分initiation (链)引发initiator 引发剂inorganic polymer 无机聚合物interaction 相互作用interchain 链间的interlink 把…相互连接起来连接intermittent 间歇式的intermolecular (作用于)分子间的intrinsic 固有的ion 离子ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂ionic 离子的ionic polymerization 离子型聚合irradiation 照射,辐射irregularity 不规则性,不均匀的isobutylene 异丁烯isocyanate 异氰酸酯isopropylate 异丙醇金属,异丙氧化金属isotactic 等规立构的isotropic 各项同性的kinetic chain length 动力学链长kinetics 动力学latent 潜在的light scattering 光散射line 衬里,贴面liquid crystal 液晶macromelecule 大分子,高分子matrix 基体,母体,基质,矩阵mean-aquare end-to-end distance 均方末端距mechanical property 力学性能,机械性能mechanism 机理medium 介质中等的,中间的minimise 最小化minimum 最小值,最小的mo(u)lding 模型mobility 流动性mobilize 运动,流动model 模型modify 改性molecular weight 分子量molecular weight distribution 分子量分布molten 熔化的monofunctional 单官能度的monomer 单体morphology 形态(学)moulding 模塑成型neutral 中性的nonelastic 非弹性的nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振nuclear track detector 核径迹探测器number average molecular weight 数均分子量occluded 夹杂(带)的olefinic 烯烃的optimum 最佳的,最佳值[点,状态] orient 定向,取向orientation 定向oxonium 氧鎓羊packing 堆砌parameter 参数parison 型柸pattern 花纹,图样式样peculiarity 特性pendant group 侧基performance 性能,特征permeability 渗透性pharmaceutical 药品,药物,药物的,医药的phenyl sodium 苯基钠phenyllithium 苯基锂phosgene 光气,碳酰氯photosensitizer 光敏剂plastics 塑料platelet 片晶polyamide 聚酰胺polybutene 聚丁烯polycondensation 缩(合)聚(合)polydisperse 多分散的polydispersity 多分散性polyesterification 聚酯化(作用)polyethylene 聚乙烯polyfunctional 多官能度的polymer 聚合物【体】,高聚物polymeric 聚合(物)的polypropylene 聚苯烯polystyrene 聚苯乙烯polyvinyl alcohol 聚乙烯醇polyvinylchloride 聚氯乙烯porosity 多孔性,孔隙率positive 正的,阳(性)的powdery 粉状的processing 加工,成型purity 纯度pyrolysis 热解radical 自由基radical polymerization 自由基聚合radius 半径random coil 无规线团random decomposition 无规降解reactent 反应物,试剂reactive 反应性的,活性的reactivity 反应性,活性reactivity ratio 竞聚率real 真是的release 解除,松开repeating unit 重复单元retract 收缩rubber 橡胶rubbery 橡胶态的rupture 断裂saturation 饱和scalp 筛子,筛分seal 密封secondary shaping operation 二次成型sedimentation 沉降(法)segment 链段segment 链段semicrystalline 半晶settle 沉淀,澄清shaping 成型side reaction 副作用simultaneously 同时,同步single bond 单键slastic parameter 弹性指数slurry 淤浆solar energy 太阳能solubility 溶解度solvent 溶剂spacer group 隔离基团sprinkle 喷洒squeeze 挤压srereoregularity 立构规整性【度】stability 稳定性stabilizer 稳定剂statistical 统计的step-growth polymerization 逐步聚合stereoregular 有规立构的,立构规整性的stoichiometric 当量的,化学计算量的strength 强度stretch 拉直,拉长stripping tower 脱单塔subdivide 细分区分substitution 取代,代替surfactant 表面活性剂swell 溶胀swollen 溶胀的synthesis 合成synthesize 合成synthetic 合成的tacky (表面)发粘的,粘连性tanker 油轮,槽车tensile strength 抗张强度terminate (链)终止tertiary 三元的,叔(特)的tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃texture 结构,组织thermoforming 热成型thermondynamically 热力学地thermoplastic 热塑性的thermoset 热固性的three-dimensionally ordered 三维有序的titanium tetrachloride 四氯化钛titanium trichloride 三氯化铁torsion 转矩transfer (链)转移,(热)传递triethyloxonium-borofluoride 三乙基硼氟酸羊trimer 三聚物(体)triphenylenthyl potassium 三苯甲基钾ultracentrifugation 超速离心(分离)ultrasonic 超声波uncross-linked 非交联的uniaxial 单轴的unsaturated 不饱和的unzippering 开链urethane 氨基甲酸酯variation 变化,改变vinyl 乙烯基(的)vinyl chloride 氯乙烯vinyl ether 乙烯基醚viscoelastic 黏弹性的viscoelastic state 黏弹态viscofluid state 黏流态viscosity 黏度viscosity average molecular weight 黏均分子量viscous 粘稠的vulcanization 硫化weight average molecular weight 重均分子量X-ray x射线x光yield 产率Young's modulus 杨氏模量课文翻译第一单元什么是高聚物?什么是高聚物?首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。
常见聚合物(POLYMER)中英文对照
常见聚合物(POLYMER)中英文对照Polymer聚合物AAS Acrylonitrile-Bcry ate-styrene opolymer丙烯腈一丙烯酸脂一苯乙烯共聚物ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene丙烯腈一丁二烯丙烯一苯乙烯共聚物ALK Alkyd resin醇酸树脂AMMA Acrylonitrile-methylmethacrylate copolymer丙烯腈一甲基丙烯酸甲脂共聚物AMS Alpha methyl styrene a甲基苯乙烯AS Acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer(see SAN)丙烯腈一苯乙烯共聚物ASA Acrylonitrile styrene-acrylate copolymer(AAS)丙烯腈一苯乙烯一丙烯酸脂共聚物BMC Bulk moulding compound预制整体模塑料CA Cellulose acetate乙酸纤维素CAB Cellulose acetate butyrate乙酸一丁酸纤维素CAP Cellulose acetate propionate醋酸一丙酸纤维素CF Casein formaldehyde resin甲酚一甲醛树脂CFE Polychlorotrfluoroethylene(see PCTFE)聚三氯氧乙烯CM Chlorinated polyethylene(see CPE)氯化聚乙烯CMC Carboxymethyl cellulose碳甲基纤维素CN Cellulose nitrate硝酸纤维素COPE Polyether ester elastomer聚醚脂弹性体CP Cellulose propionate(CAP)丙酸纤维素CPE Chlorinated polyethylene(PE-C)氯化聚乙烯CPVC Chlorinated polyvinyl Chloride(PVC-C)氯化聚氯乙烯CS Casein plastics酪素塑料CSM &cspr Chorosulfonated polyethylene氯磺化聚乙烯CTA Cellulose triacetate三乙酸纤维素DMC Dough moulding tompound圈状模塑料E/P Ethylene propylene copolymer乙烯一丙烯共聚物CA-MPR Elastomer alloy melt processable rubber弹性体合金一可熔融成型橡胶EA-TPV Elastomer alloy thermoplastic vulcanizate弹性体合金一热塑性硫化料EC Ethylene cellulose乙基纤维素EEA Ethylene ethylacrylate copolymer乙烯一丙烯酸乙酯共聚物EP Epoxide or epoxy(cured)环氧树脂EPDM Ethylene propylene diene terpolymer乙丙三元共聚物EPS Expandable polystyrene可发性聚苯乙烯ETFE Ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene乙烯一四氟乙烯共聚物EV A Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer乙烯一乙酸乙烯酯共聚物EV AL/EVOH Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer乙烯一乙烯醇共聚物FEP Fluorinated ethylene propylene(TFE-HEP)四氟乙烯一六氟丙烯共聚物CPMC Granular polyester moulding compound粒状聚酯模塑料HDPE High density ployethylene(PE-HD)高密度聚乙烯HIPS High impact polystyrene(TPS or IPS)高抗冲聚苯乙烯HMWPE High molecular weight polyethylene高分子量聚乙烯LCP Liquid crystal polymer液晶聚合物LDPE Low Density polyethylene(PE-LD)低密度聚乙烯LLDPE Linear low density polyethylene线型低密度聚乙烯MBS Methyl methacrylate-butadiem-styrene copolymer甲基丙烯酸甲酯一丁二烯一苯乙烯共聚物MC Methyl cellutose甲基纤维素MDPE Medium density polyethylene(PE MD)中密度聚乙烯MF Melamine formaldehyde三聚氰胺一甲醛树脂MPF Melamine phenol formaldehyde resin三聚氰胺一酚甲醛树脂NC Nitroncellulose硝基纤维素PA Polyamide or nylon聚酰胺(尼龙)PA6 Polyamide 6 or nylon 6尼龙6PA11 Polyamide 11 or nylon 11尼龙11PA12 Polyamide 12 or nylon 12尼龙12PA46 Polyamide 46 or nylon 46尼龙46PA66 Polyamide 66 or nylon 66尼龙66PA610 Polyamide 610 or nylon 610尼龙610PAA Polyacrylic acid聚丙烯酸PAA6 Polyaryl amide or,poly-m-xylene-adipamide(PA MXD6)聚芳酰胺PAN Polyacrylonitrile聚丙烯腈PB Polybutene-1聚丁烯-1PBI Polybenzimidazole聚苯并咪唑PBT Polybutylene terephthalate聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯PC Polycarbonate聚碳酸脂(防弹胶)PCTFE Polychlorotrifluorethylene聚三氟氯乙烯PDAP Polydiallyl phthalate聚鄰苯二酸二烯丙酯PE Polyethylene聚乙烯PEBA Polyether block amide酯一酰嵌段共聚物PEC Chorinated polyethlene (see CPE)氯化聚乙烯PEEK Polyether ether ketone聚醚醚酮PEEL Polyether ester(YPBO)聚醚脂PEI Polyether imide聚醚酰亚胶PEK Polyether ketone聚醚酮PEKK Polyethylene ketone ketone聚醚酮酮PEOX Polyetylene(oxlde)聚氧化乙烯PES Polyether sulphone聚醚砜PET Polyethylene terephthalate聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯PETP (see PET)PF Phenol formaldehyde resin酚醛树脂PI Polyimide聚酰亚胺PMC Polyester moulding compound聚酯模塑料PMCA Polymethy α-chloacrylate聚α--氯化丙烯酸甲酯PMI Polymethacrylimide聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺PMMA Polymethyl methacrylate(acrylic)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯PO Polyolefine聚烯烃POM Polyoxymethylene or,acetal or polyformaldehyde聚甲醛POM-CO Acetal copolymer聚甲醛共聚物POM-H Acetal homopolymer聚甲醛均聚物PP polypropylene聚丙烯PPC Chlorinated polypropylene氯化聚丙烯PPE Polyphenylene ether(ss PPO)聚苯醚PPO Polyphenylene oxide-usually modified聚苯醚PPOX Polypropylene oxide聚氧化丙烯PPS Polyphenylene sulphide聚苯硫醚PPSU Polyethylene sulfone聚苯砜PPVC Plasticised polyvinyl chloride(PVC-P)增塑聚氯乙烯PS Polystyrene(GPPS)聚苯乙烯PSU Polysulphone聚砜树脂PTFE Polytetyafluoroethylene聚四氟乙烯PU Hard polyurethane elastomer硬聚氨脂弹性体PUR Polyurethane聚氨脂PV AC Polyvinylacetate聚乙酸乙烯脂PV AL Polyvinylalcohol聚乙烯醇PVB Polyvinylbutyral聚乙烯醇缩丁醛PVC Polyvinyl chloride聚氯乙烯PVCC Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride氯化聚氯乙烯PVDC Polyvinylidene chloride聚偏二氯乙烯PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride聚偏二氟乙烯PVF Polyvinyl fluorde聚氟乙烯PVFM Polyvinylformal聚乙烯醇缩甲醛PVK Polyvinyl carbazole聚乙烯基咔唑PVP Polyvinyl pyrrolidone聚乙烯吡咯烷酮SAN Styrene acrylonitrile copolymer苯乙烯一丙烯腈共聚物(透明大力膠)SBS Styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer苯乙烯一丁二一苯乙烯嵌共聚物SEBS Styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer(saturated)苯乙烯一丁二烯一苯乙烯嵌共聚物(胞和)SI Silicone聚硅氧烷SMA Styrene_maleic anhydride copolymer苯乙烯一马来酐共聚物SMC Sheet moulding compound片状摸塑料SMS Styrene_methylstyrene copolymer苯乙烯一甲基苯乙共聚物TP-EE Thermoplastic elastomer-either ester醚酯类热塑性弹性体TP-EPDM Thermoplastic elastomer-based on EPDM三元乙丙橡膠类热塑性弹性体TP-EVA Thermoplastic elastomer-baged on EVA乙烯乙酸酯共聚物类热塑性弹性体TP-NBR Thermoplastic elastomer-based on NBR丁腈橡膠类热塑性弹性体TPE Thermoplastic elastomer rubber热塑性弹性体TPO Thermoplastic polyolefin热塑性聚烯烃TPO-XL Thermoplastic polyolefin rubber-crosslinked(rubber)交联热塑性聚烯烃橡膠TPR Thermoplastic rubber(etaslomer)热塑性橡膠TPU Thermoplastic polyurethance热塑性聚氧脂TPV Thermoplastic elastomer or rubber-crosslinked(rubber)交联热塑性弹性体或橡膠UF Urea formaldehyde脲醛树脂UHMWPE Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene超高分子量聚乙烯UP Unseturated polyester resin不胞和聚脂树脂UPVC Unplasticsed polychloride末增塑聚氧乙烯VC/E Vinylchloride ethylene copolymer氯乙烯一乙烯共聚物VC/E/MA Vinylchloride ethylene maleic acid copolymer氯乙烯一乙烯一马来酸共聚物VC/E/VAC Vinylchloride ethylene vinylacetate copolymer氯乙烯一乙烯一乙酸乙烯酯共聚物VC/MA Vinylchloride maleic acid copolymer氯乙烯一乙烯一乙酸乙烯酯共聚物氯乙烯一马来酸共聚物VC/OA Vinylchloride octylacrylate copolymer氯乙烯一丙烯酸辛酯共聚物VC/P Vinylchloride propylene copolymer氯乙烯一丙烯共聚物VC/VAC Vinylchloride vinylacetate copolymer氯乙烯一乙酸乙烯酯共聚物VC/VDC Vinylchloride vinylidene chloride copolymer氯乙烯一偏氯乙烯共聚物VE Vinyl ester resing乙烯基酯树脂VLDPE very low density polyethylene極低密度聚乙烯。
高分子专业英语教材
加工类:1196986233加工processing反应性加工reactive processing等离子体加工plasma processing加工性processability熔体流动指数melt flow index门尼粘度Mooney index塑化plasticizing增塑作用plasticization内增塑作用internal plasticization外增塑作用external plasticization增塑溶胶plastisol增强reinforcing增容作用compatibilization相容性compatibility相溶性intermiscibility生物相容性biocompatibility血液相容性blood compatibility组织相容性tissue compatibility混炼milling; mixing素炼mastication塑炼plastication过炼dead milled橡胶配合rubber compounding共混blend捏合kneading冷轧cold rolling压延性calenderability压延calendering埋置embedding压片preforming模塑molding模压成型compression molding压缩成型compression forming冲压模塑impact moulding, shock moulding 叠模压塑stack moulding复合成型composite molding注射成型injection molding注塑压缩成型injection compression molding射流注塑jet molding无流道冷料注塑runnerless injection molding共注塑coinjection molding气辅注塑gas aided injection molding注塑焊接injection welding传递成型transfer molding树脂传递成型resin transfer molding铸塑cast熔铸fusion casting铸塑成型casting molding单体浇铸monomer casting挤出extrusion共挤出co-extrusion多层挤塑multi-layer extrusion共挤吹塑co-extrusion blow molding同轴挤塑coaxial extrusion吹胀挤塑blown extrusion挤出吹塑extrusion blow molding挤拉吹塑成型extrusion draw blow molding反应性挤塑reactive extrusion固相挤出solid-phase extrusion发泡expanding foam后发泡post expansion物理发泡physical foam化学发泡chemical foam吹塑blow molding多层吹塑multi-layer blow molding拉伸吹塑成型stretch blow molding滚塑rotational moulding反应注射成型reaction injection molding, RIM 真空成型vacuum foaming无压成型zero pressure molding真空烧结vacuum sintering真空袋成型vacuum bag molding热成型thermal forming拉伸热成型stretch thermoforming袋模塑bag molding糊塑paste molding镶铸imbedding冲压成型impact molding触压成型impression molding层压材料laminate泡沫塑料成型foam molding包模成型drape molding充气吹胀inflation橡胶胶乳rubber latex高分子胶体polymer colloid生橡胶raw rubber, crude rubber硬质胶ebonite再生胶reclaimed rubber充油橡胶oil-extended rubber母胶masterbatch交联crosslinking固化cure光固化photo-cure硫化vulcanization后硫化post cure, post vulcanization 自硫化bin cure自交联self crosslinking过硫over cure返硫reversion欠硫under cure动态硫化dynamic vulcanization不均匀硫化heterogeneous vulcanization 开始效应set-up effect自动硫化self-curing, self-vulcanizing 焦烧scorching无压硫化non-pressure cure模压硫化moulding curing常温硫化auto-vulcanization热硫化heat curing蒸汽硫化steam curing微波硫化micro wave curing辐射硫化radiation vulcanization辐射交联radiation crosslinking连续硫化continuous vulcanization无模硫化open vulcanization成纤fiber forming可纺性spinnability纺丝spinning干纺dry spinning湿纺wet spinning干施法纺丝dry wet spinning干喷湿法纺丝dry jet wet spinning溶液纺丝solution spinning乳液闪蒸纺丝法emulsion spinning喷射纺丝jet spinning喷纺成型spray spinning液晶纺丝liquid crystal spinning熔纺melt spinning共混纺丝blended spinning凝胶纺丝gel spinning熔纺melt spinning共混纺丝blended spinning凝胶纺丝gel spinning反应纺丝reaction spinning静电纺丝electrostatic spinning高压纺丝high-pressure spinning复合纺丝conjugate spinning无纺布non-woven fabrics单丝monofilament, monofil复丝multifilament全取向丝fully oriented yarn中空纤维hollow fiber皮芯纤维sheath core fiber共纺co-spinning冷拉伸cold drawing, cold stretching单轴拉伸uniaxial drawing, uniaxial elongation 双轴拉伸biaxial drawing多轴拉伸multiaxial drawing皮心效应skin and core effect皮层效应skin effect防缩non-shrink熟成ripening垂挂sag定型sizing起球现象pilling effect捻度twist旦denier特tex纱yarn股strand粘合adhesion反应粘合reaction bonding压敏粘合pressure sensitive adhesion底漆primer浸渍impregnation浸渍树脂solvent impregnated resin基体matrix聚合物表面活性剂polymeric surfactant高分子絮凝剂polymeric flocculant预发颗粒pre-expanded高分子模polymeric membraneH-模H-filmLB膜Langmuir Blodgett film(LB film)半透膜semipermeable membrane反渗透膜reverse osmosis membrane多孔膜porous membrane各向异性膜anisotropic membrane正离子交换膜cationic exchange membrane 负离子交换膜anionic exchange membrane吸附树脂polymeric adsorbent添加剂additive固化剂curing agent潜固化剂latent curing agent硫化剂vulcanization agent给硫剂sulfur donor agent, sulfur donor 硫化促进剂vulcanization accelerator硫化活化剂vulcanization activator活化促进剂activating accelerator活化剂activator防焦剂scorch retarder抗硫化返原剂anti-reversion agent塑解剂peptizer偶联剂coupling agent硅烷偶联剂silane coupling agent钛酸酯偶联剂titanate coupling agent铝酸酯偶联剂aluminate coupling agent增强剂reinforcing agent增硬剂hardening agent惰性填料inert filler增塑剂plasticizer增粘剂tackifier增容剂compatibilizer增塑增容剂plasticizer extender分散剂dispersant agent结构控制剂constitution controller色料colorant荧光增白剂optical bleaching agent抗降解剂antidegradant防老剂anti-aging agent防臭氧剂antiozonant抗龟裂剂anticracking agent抗疲劳剂anti-fatigue agent抗微生物剂biocide防蚀剂antip-corrosion agent光致抗蚀剂photoresist防霉剂antiseptic防腐剂rot resistor防潮剂moisture proof agent防臭剂re-odorant抗氧剂antioxidant抗静电添加剂antistatic additive抗静电剂antistatic agent紫外线稳定剂ultraviolet stabilizer紫外光吸收剂ultraviolet absorber光稳定剂light stabilizer, photostabilizer 光屏蔽剂light screener发泡剂foaming agent物理发泡剂physical foaming agent化学发泡剂chemical foaming agent脱模剂releasing agent内脱模剂internal releasing agent外脱模剂external releasing agent阻燃剂flame retardant防火剂fire retardant烧蚀剂ablator润滑剂lubricant湿润剂wetting agent隔离剂separant增韧剂toughening agent抗冲击改性剂impact modifier消泡剂antifoaming agent减阻剂drag reducer破乳剂demulsifier粘度改进剂viscosity modifier增稠剂thickening agent, thickener阻黏剂abhesive洗脱剂eluant附聚剂agglomerating agent后处理剂after-treating agent催干剂drier防结皮剂anti-skinning agent纺织品整理剂textile finishing agent高物高化类:结构单元constitutional unit重复结构单元constitutional repeating unit 构型单元configurational unit立构重复单元stereorepeating unit立构规整度tacticity等规度isotacticity间同度syndiotacticity无规度atacticity嵌段block规整嵌段regular block非规整嵌段irregular block立构嵌段stereoblock有规立构嵌段isotactic block无规立构嵌段atactic block单体单元monomeric unit二单元组diad三单元组triad四单元组tetrad五单元组pentad无规线团random coil自由连接链freely-jointer chain自由旋转链freely-rotating chain蠕虫状链worm-like chain柔性链flexible chain链柔性chain flexibility刚性链rigid chain链刚性chain rigidity棒状链rodlike chain聚集aggregation聚集体aggregate凝聚、聚集coalescence链缠结chain entanglement凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement物理缠结physical entanglement拓扑缠结topological entanglement凝聚相condensed phase凝聚态condensed state凝聚过程condensing process临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration 线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition受限链confined chain受限态confined state物理交联physical crosslinking统计线团statistical coil等效链equivalent chain统计链段statistical segment链段chain segment链构象chain conformation无规线团模型random coil model无规行走模型random walk model自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model卷曲构象coiled conformation高斯链Gaussian chain无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension扰动尺寸perturbed dimension热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction链间相互作用interchain interaction链间距interchain spacing长程有序long range order近程有序short range order回转半径radius of gyration末端间矢量end-to-end vector链末端chain end末端距end-to-end distance无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance伸直长度contour length相关长度persistence length主链;链骨架chain backbone支链branch chain链支化chain branching短支链short-chain branch长支链long-chain branch支化系数branching index支化密度branching density支化度degree of branching交联度degree of crosslinking网络network网络密度network density溶胀swelling平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling分子组装molecular assembly自组装self assembly微凝胶microgel凝胶点gel point可逆凝胶reversible gel溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration组成非均一性constitutional heterogeneity, compositional heterogeneity 摩尔质量平均molar mass average数均分子量number-average molecular weight重均分子量weight-average molecular weightZ-均分子量Z-average molecular weight黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass表观分子量apparent molecular weight聚合度degree of polymerization动力学链长kinetic chain length单分散性monodispersity临界分子量critical molecular weight分子量分布molecular weight distribution多分散性指数polydispersity index平均聚合度average degree of polymerization质量分布函数mass distribution function数量分布函数number distribution function重量分布函数weight distribution function舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-zimm distribution最概然分布most probable distribution对数正态分布logarithmic normal distribution聚合物溶液polymer solution聚合物-溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent均方末端距mean square end to end distance均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyration良溶剂good solvent不良溶剂poor solvent位力系数Virial coefficient排除体积excluded volume溶胀因子expansion factor溶胀度degree of swelling弗洛里-哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory哈金斯公式Huggins equation哈金斯系数Huggins coefficient溶度参数solubility parameter摩擦系数frictional coefficient流体力学体积hydrodynamically equivalent sphere珠-棒模型bead-rod model棒-簧链模型ball-spring model流动双折射flow birefringence, streaming birefringence 动态光散射dynamic light scattering小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium沉降系数sedimentation coefficient沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method沉降平衡法sedimentation equilibrium method相对黏度relative viscosity相对黏度增量relative viscosity黏度比viscosity ratio黏数viscosity number[乌式]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer落球黏度计ball viscometer落球黏度ball viscosity本体黏度bulk viscosity比浓黏度reduced viscosity比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscosity number 特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number黏度函数viscosity function零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity端基分析analysis of end group蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering of radiation折光指数增量refractive index increment瑞利比Rayleigh ratio超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio粒子散射函数particle scattering function粒子散射因子particle scattering factor齐姆图Zimm plot散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering解偏振作用depolarization分级fractionation沉淀分级precipitation fractionation萃取分级extraction fractionation色谱分级chromatographic fractionation柱分级column fractionation洗脱分级elution fractionation热分级thermal fractionation凝胶色谱法gel chromatography摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient elution chromatography分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusion limit洗脱体积elution volume普适标定universal calibration加宽函数spreading function链轴chain axis等同周期identity period链重复距离chain repeating distance晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period构象重复单元conformational repeating unit几何等效geometrical equivalence螺旋链helix chain构型无序configurational disorder链取向无序chain orientational disorder构象无序conformational disorder锯齿链zigzag chain双螺旋double stranded helix分子链大尺度取向global chain orientation结晶聚合物crystalline polymer半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline高分子晶体polymer crystal高分子微晶polymer crystallite结晶度degree of crystallinity高分子同晶现象macromolecular isomorphosm 聚合物形态学morphology of polymer片晶lamella, lamellar crystal轴晶axialite树枝晶体dendrite纤维晶fibrous crystal串晶结构shish-kebab structure球晶spherulite折叠链folded chain链折叠chain folding折叠表面fold surface折叠面fold plane折叠微区fold domain相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model插线板模型switchboard model缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal球状链晶体globular-chain crystal长周期long period近程结构short-range structure远程结构long-range structure成核作用nucleation分子成核作用molecular nucleation阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation主结晶primary crystallization后期结晶secondary crystallization外延结晶,附生结晶epitaxial crystallization外延晶体生长,附生晶体生长epitaxial growth织构texture液晶态liquid crystal state溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal近晶中介相smectic mesophase近晶相smectic phase条带织构banded texture环带球晶ringed spherulite向列相nematic phase盘状相discotic phase解取向disorientation分聚segregation非晶相amorphous orientation非晶区amorphous orientation非晶态amorphous state非晶取向amorphous orientation链段运动segmental motion亚稳态metastable state相分离phase separation亚稳相分离spinodal decomposition微相miscibility界面相boundary phase相容性compatibility混溶性miscibility不相容性incompatibility不混溶性immiscibility增容作用compatibilization最低临界共溶温度lower critical solution temperature最高临界共溶温度upper critical solution temperature浓度猝灭concentration quenching激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy 单轴取向uniaxial orientation双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation取向度degree of orientation橡胶态rubber state玻璃态glassy state高弹态elastomeric state黏流态viscous flow state伸长elongation高弹形变high elastic deformation回缩性nerviness拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio泊松比Poisson’ ratio杨氏模量Young’s modulus本体模量bulk modulus剪切模量shear modulus法向应力normal stress剪切应力shear stress剪切应变shear strain屈服yielding颈缩现象necking屈服应力yield stress屈服应变yield strain脆性断裂brittle fracture脆性开裂brittle cracking脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition脆化温度brittleness temperature延性破裂ductile fracture冲击强度impact strength拉伸强度tensile strength极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength抗撕强度tearing strength弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength 弯曲模量bending modulus弯曲应变bending strain弯曲应力bending stress收缩开裂shrinkage crack剪切强度shear strength剥离强度peeling strength疲劳强度fatigue strength挠曲deflection压缩强度compressive strength压缩永久变形compressive set压缩变形compressive deformation压痕硬度indentation hardness洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness布氏硬度Brinell hardness抗刮性scrath resistance断裂力学fracture mechanics力学破坏mechanical failure应力强度因子stress intensity factor断裂伸长elongation at break屈服强度yield strength断裂韧性fracture toughness弹性形变elastic deformation弹性滞后elastic hysteresis弹性elasticity弹性模量modulus of elasticity弹性回复elastic recovery不可回复形变irrecoverable deformation 裂缝crack银纹craze形变;变形deformation永久变形deformation set剩余变形residual deformation剩余伸长residual stretch回弹,回弹性resilience延迟形变retarded deformation延迟弹性retarded elasticity可逆形变reversible deformation应力开裂stress cracking应力-应变曲线stress strain curve拉伸应变stretch strain拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation热历史thermal history热收缩thermoshrinking牛辫分析torsional braid analysis应力致白stress whitening应变能strain energy应变张量strain tensor剩余应力residual stress应变硬化strain hardening应变软化strain softening电流变液electrorheological fluid假塑性pseudoplastic拉胀性auxiticity牛顿流体Newtonian fluid非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid宾汉流体Bingham fluid冷流cold flow牛顿剪切粘度Newtonian shear viscosity 剪切粘度shear viscosity表观剪切粘度apparent shear viscosity 剪切变稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy塑性形变plastic deformation塑性流动plastic flow体积弛豫volume relaxation拉伸黏度extensional viscosity粘弹性viscoelasticity线性粘弹性linear viscoelasticity非线性粘弹性non-linear viscoelasticity蠕变creep弛豫relaxation弛豫模量relaxation modulus蠕变柔量creep compliance热畸变温度heat distortion temperature弛豫谱relaxation spectrum推迟时间谱retardation spectrum弛豫时间relaxation time推迟时间retardation time动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior动态粘弹性dynamic viscoelasticity热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve动态转变dynamic transition储能模量storage modulus损耗模量loss modulus复数模量complex modulus复数柔量complex compliance动态黏度dynamic viscosity复数黏度complex viscosity复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time玻璃化转变glass transition玻璃化转变温度glass transition temperature次级弛豫secondary relaxation次级转变secondary transition次级弛豫温度secondary relaxation temperature开尔文模型Kelvin model麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model时-温叠加原理time-temperature superposition principle 波尔兹曼叠加原理Boltzmann superposition principle平衡因子shift factorWLF公式WLF[Williams-Lendel-Ferry] equation 软化温度softening temperature平衡熔点equilibrium melting point物理老化physical aging光老化photo-aging热老化thermal aging热氧老化thermo-oxidative aging人工老化artificial aging加速老化accelerated aging计算机模拟computer simulation分子动力学模拟molecular dynamics simulation蒙特卡洛模拟Monte Carlo simulation聚合反应类单体monomer官能度functionality平均官能度average functionality双官能单体bifunctional monomer三官能单体trifunctional monomer乙烯基单体vinyl monomer1,1-亚乙烯基单体/偏[二]取代乙烯单体vinylidene monomer1,2-亚乙烯基单体/1,2-二取代乙烯单体vinylene monomer双烯单体diene monomer极性单体polar monomer非极性单体non polar monomer共轭单体conjugated monomer非共轭单体non conjugated monomer活化单体activated monomer官能单体functional monomer大分子单体macromonomer环状单体cyclic monomer共聚单体co-monomer聚合反应polymerization均聚反应homopolymerization低聚反应/齐聚反应oligomerization调聚反应telomerization自发聚合spontaneous polymerization预聚合prepolymerization后聚合post polymerization再聚合repolymerization铸塑聚合cast polymerization链式聚合chain polymerization烯类聚合,乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization双烯聚合diene polymerization加成聚合addition polymerization自由基聚合free radical polymerization可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer氮氧调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization polymerization自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization氧化还原聚合redox polymerization无活性端聚合,死端聚合dead end polymerization光致聚合photo polymerization光引发聚合light initiated polymerization光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization四中心聚合four center polymerization电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization热聚合thermal polymerization电解聚合electrolytic polymerization等离子聚合plasma polymerization易位聚合metathesis polymerization开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization精密聚合precision polymerization环化聚合cyclopolymerization拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization离子聚合ionic polymerization辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization离子对聚合ion pair polymerization正离子聚合/阳离子聚合cationic polymerization碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization, carbocationic polymerization 假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization假正离子活性聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization负离子聚合,阴离子聚合anionic polymerization碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization活性聚合living polymerization两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization配位聚合coordination polymerization配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization插入聚合insertion polymerization定向聚合,立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization 有规立构聚合tactic polymerization全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization对映体不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization对映体对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization异构化聚合isomerization polymerization氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization消除聚合elimination polymerization模板聚合matrix polymerization, template polymerization插层聚合intercalation polymerization无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization开环聚合ring opening polymerization活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization不死的聚合immortal polymerization酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization聚合加成反应,逐步加成聚合polyaddition偶联聚合coupling polymerization序列聚合sequential polymerization闪发聚合,俗称暴聚flash polymerization氧化聚合oxidative polymerization氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization逐步聚合step growth polymerization缩聚反应condensation polymerization, polycondensation酯交换聚合transesterification type polymerization自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation均相聚合homogeneous polymerization非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass polymerization固相聚合solid phase polymerization气相聚合gaseous polymerization, gas phase polymerization吸附聚合adsorption polymerization溶液聚合solution polymerization沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization淤浆聚合slurry polymerization悬浮聚合suspension polymerization反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension polymerization珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl polymerization分散聚合dispersion polymerization反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization种子聚合seeding polymerization乳液聚合emulsion polymerization无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization连续聚合continuous polymerization半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization分批聚合,间歇聚合batch polymerization原位聚合in situ polymerization均相缩聚homopolycondensation活化缩聚activated polycondensation熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation固相缩聚solid phase polymerization体型缩聚three dimensional polymerization界面聚合interfacial polymerization界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization引发剂initiator引发剂活性activity of initiator聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst自由基引发剂radical initiator偶氮引发剂azo type initiator2,2‘偶氮二异丁腈2,2’-azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator复合引发体系complex initiation system氧化还原引发剂redox initiator电荷转移复合物,电荷转移络合物charge transfer complex, CTC 聚合加速极,聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator光敏引发剂photoinitiator双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator, difunctional initiator 三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator大分子引发剂macroinitiator引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter 光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter正离子催化剂cationic catalyst正离子引发剂cationic initiator负离子引发剂anionic initiator共引发剂coinitiator烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst后过渡金属催化剂late transiton metal catalyst金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAO氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic oxo alkoxides catalyst双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst桥基茂金属bridged metallocene限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocene catalyst 均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst链引发chain initiation热引发thermal initiation染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation诱导期induction period引发剂效率initiator efficiency诱导分解induced decomposition再引发reinitiation链增长chain growth, chain propagation增长链端propagating chain end活性种reactive species活性中心active center持续自由基persistent radical聚合最高温度ceiling temperature of polymerization链终止chain termination双分子终止bimolecular termination单分子终止unimolecular termination初级自由基终止primary radical termination扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination歧化终止disproportionation termination偶合终止coupling termination自发终止spontaneous termination终止剂terminator假终止pseudotermination链终止剂chain terminating agent自发终止self termination自由基捕获剂radical scavenger旋转光闸法rotating sector method自由基寿命free radical lifetime凝胶效应gel effect自动加速效应autoacceleration effect链转移chain transfer链转移剂chain transfer agent尾咬转移backbiting transfer退化链转移degradation chain transfer加成断裂链转移addition fragmentation chain transfer 链转移常数chain transfer constant缓聚作用,延迟作用retardation阻聚作用inhibitor缓聚剂retarder缓聚剂,阻滞剂retarding agent阻聚剂inhibitor封端end capping聚合动力学polymerization kinetics聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics聚合热heat of polymerization共聚合copolymerization二元共聚合binary copolymerization三元共聚合ternary copolymerization竟聚率reactivity ratio自由基共聚合radical copolymerization离子共聚合ionic copolymerization无规共聚合random copolymerization理想共聚合ideal copolymerization交替共聚合alternating copolymerization恒组分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization接枝共聚合graft copolymerization嵌段共聚合black copolymerization开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization共聚合方程copolymerization equation共缩聚copolycondensation逐步共聚合step copolymerization同种增长homopropagation自增长self propagation交叉增长cross propagation前末端基效应penultimate effect交叉终止cross terminate序列长度分布sequence length distribution侧基反应reaction of pendant group扩链剂,链增长剂chain extender交联crosslinking化学交联chemical crosslinking自交联self crosslinking光交联photocrosslinking交联度degree of crosslinking硫化vulcanization固化curing硫化sulfur vulcanization促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking无规交联random crosslinking交联密度crosslinking density交联指数crosslinking index解聚depolymerization降解degradation链断裂chain breaking解聚酶depolymerase细菌降解bacterial degradation生物降解biodegradation化学降解chemical degradation辐射降解radiation degradation断裂降解chain scission degradation自由基链降解free radical chain degradation 无规降解random degradation水解降解hydrolytic degradation热降解thermal degradation热氧化降解thermal oxidative degradation 光降解photodegradation光氧化降解photo oxidative degradation力化学降解mechanochemical degradation 接枝聚合graft polymerization活化接枝activation grafting接枝点grafting site链支化chain branching支化度degree of branching接枝效率efficiency of grafting接枝度grafting degree辐射诱导接枝radiation induced grafting嵌段聚合block polymerization通用类:高分子macromolecule, polymer超高分子supra polymer天然高分子natural polymer无机高分子inorganic polymer有机高分子organic polymer无机-有机高分子inorganic organic polymer金属有机聚合物organmetallic polymer元素高分子element polymer高聚物high polymer聚合物polymer低聚物oligmer二聚体dimmer三聚体trimmer调聚物telomere预聚物prepolymer均聚物homopolymer无规聚合物random polymer无规卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer头-头聚合物head-to-head polymer头-尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer反式有规聚合物transtactic polymer顺式有规聚合物cistactic polymer规整聚合物regular polymer非规整聚合物irregular polymer无规立构聚合物atactic polymer合同立构聚合物isotactic polymer间同立构聚合物syndiotactic polymer杂同立构聚合物heterotactic polymer有规立构聚合物stereoregular polymer, tactic polymer 苏型双全同立构聚合物threo-diisotactic polymer苏型双间同立构聚合物threop-disyndiotactic polymer赤型双全同立构聚合物erythro-diisotactic polymer赤型双间同立构聚合物erythro-disyndiotactic polymer全同间同等量聚合物equitactic polymer共聚物copolymer二元共聚物binary copolymer三元共聚物terpolymer多元聚合物multipolymer序列共聚物sequential copolymer多层共聚物multilayer copolymer多相聚合物multiphase polymer统计共聚物statistical copolymer无规共聚物random copolymer交替共聚物alternating copolymer周期共聚物periodic copolymer梯度共聚物gradient copolymer嵌段共聚物block copolymer递变嵌段共聚物tapered block copolymer两亲嵌段共聚物amphiphilic block copolymer二嵌段共聚物diblock copolymer三嵌段共聚物triblock copolymer多嵌段共聚物segmented copolymer杂聚物heteropolymer恒分共聚物azeotropic copolymer多组分共聚物multicomponent copolymer单分散聚合物monodisperse polymer, uniform polymer多分散性聚合物polydisperse polymer, non-uniform polymer 高分子共混物polyblend, polymer blend聚合物-聚合物配合物ploymerp-polymer complex聚合物-金属配合物polymer-metal complex单股聚合物single-strand polymer双股聚合物double-strand polymer链型聚合物chain polymer碳链聚合物carbon chain polymer杂链聚合物heterochain polymer杂环高分子heterocyclic polymer大环聚合物macrocyclic polymer直链高分子straight chain polymer线型聚合物linear polymer体型聚合物three-dimensional polymer活性高分子living polymer反应性聚合物reactive polymer极性聚合物polar polymer非极性聚合物non-polar polymer刚性链聚合物rigid chain polymer半柔性链聚合物semi-flexible chain polymer柔性链聚合物flexible chain polymer刚帮高分子rigid rod polymer棒状高分子rodlike polymer刚-柔嵌段共聚物rod coil block copolymer树状高分子dendrimer, dendritic polymer刷状聚合物brush polymer线团状聚合物coiling type polymer花菜状聚合物cauliflower polymer螺旋形聚合物helical polymer锥形共聚物tapered copolymer梯形聚合物ladder polymer分段梯形聚合物step ladder polymer部分梯形聚合物partial ladder polymer碳环梯形聚合物carbocyclic ladder polymer梳形聚合物comb polymer星形聚合物star polymer。
高分子化学ppt幻灯片课件
02
高分子化合物结构 与性质
高分子化合物基本结构
链状结构
由长链分子组成,链上原子以共 价键连接,形成线性或支链结构。
网状结构
由三维空间的分子链交织而成,具 有高度的交联性和空间稳定性。
聚集态结构
高分子链在空间中的排列和堆砌方 式,包括晶态、非晶态、液晶态等。
高分子化合物聚集态结构
晶态结构
高分子化学ppt幻灯 片课件
目录
CONTENTS
• 高分子化学概述 • 高分子化合物结构与性质 • 高分子合成方法与反应机理 • 高分子材料制备与加工技术 • 高分子材料性能与应用领域 • 高分子化学前沿研究领域与展望
01
高分子化学概述
高分子化学定义与特点
定义
高分子化学是研究高分子化合物的 合成、结构、性能及其应用的科学。
维。
后处理
纺织加工
对初生纤维进行拉伸、 热定形、卷曲等后处理, 改善纤维的物理机械性
能。
将纤维加工成纱线、织 物等纺织品,满足服装、 家居用品等领域的需求。
05
高分子材料性能与 应用领域
塑料性能及应用领域
塑料主要性能
质轻、绝缘、耐腐蚀、易加工成型等。
应用领域
包装、建筑、汽车、电子电器、农业等。
发展趋势
高分子链在空间中规则排列,形 成晶体。晶态高分子具有优异的
力学性能和热稳定性。
非晶态结构
高分子链在空间中无规则排列, 呈现无序状态。非晶态高分子具
有较好的柔韧性和加工性能。
液晶态结构
介于晶态和非晶态之间的一种特 殊聚集态,高分子链在空间中呈 现一定程度的有序排列。液晶高 分子具有独特的光学、电学和力
高性能化、功能化、环保化。
高分子化学中英文
几何异构 Geometrical Isomerism
凝胶点 Gel point, Pc
凝胶效应 Gel Effect
凝胶化 Gelation
玻璃化温度 Glass Transition Temperature, Tg
接枝聚合 Graft Copolymerization
链节 Chain Element
链引发 Chain Initiation
连锁聚合 Chain Polymerization
链增长 Chain Propagation
链终止 Chain Termination
链转移 Chain Transfer
链转移剂 Chain Transfer Agent
中英文对照
加聚反应 Addition Polymerization
加聚物 Addition Polymer
粘结剂 Adhesive
老化 Ageing
交替共聚物 Alternating Copolymer
元素有机高分子 Elementary Organic Polymer
乳化作用 Emulsification
乳化剂 Emulsifier
乳液聚合 Emulsion Polymerization
乳胶粒 Emulsion Particle
对映体异构 Enantiomer Isomerism
合成高分子 Synthetic Polymer
遥爪聚合物 Telechelic Polymer
涤纶 Terylene or Poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET
高分子化学中英文对照
05. 高分子化学高分子物质brush polymercoiling type polymer聚合与高分子化学反应17环状单体cyclic monomer18共聚单体comonomer19聚合[反应]polymerization20均聚反应homopolymerization21低聚反应,齐聚反应 (曾用名)oligomerization22调聚反应telomerization23自发聚合spontaneous polymerization 24预聚合prepolymerization25后聚合post polymerization26再聚合repolymerization27铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization28链[式]聚合chain polymerization29烯类聚合,乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization30双烯[类]聚合diene polymerization31加[成]聚[合]addition polymerization32自由基聚合,游离基聚合 (曾用名)free radical polymerization, radical polymerization33控制自由基聚合,可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization,CRP 34活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization35原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization,ATRP36反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radicalpolymerization, RATRP37可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer,RAFT38氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization39稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization,FRP40自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerizationpolymerization41自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization 42氧化还原聚合redox polymerization43无活性端聚合,死端聚合 (曾用名)dead end polymerization44光[致]聚合photo polymerization45光引发聚合light initiated polymerization46光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization47四中心聚合four center polymerization48电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization49辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization 50热聚合thermal polymerization51电解聚合electrolytic polymerization52等离子体聚合plasma polymerization53易位聚合metathesis polymerization54开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization,ROMP55精密聚合precision polymerization56环化聚合cyclopolymerization57拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization 58平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization 59离子[型]聚合ionic polymerization60辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization 61离子对聚合ion pair polymerization62正离子聚合,阳离子聚合cationic polymerization63碳正离子聚合carbenium ionpolymerization,carbocationicpolymerization64假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization65假正离子活[性]聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization 66活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization67负离子聚合,阴离子聚合anionic polymerization68碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization69活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization70负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization71负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization 72负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization 73烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization74活[性]聚合living polymerization75两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization76齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization77配位聚合coordination polymerization78配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization79配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization80配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization 81插入聚合insertion polymerization82定向聚合,立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization83有规立构聚合tactic polymerization84全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization85不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization 86不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization87不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselectivepolymerization88对映[体]不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization 89对映[体]对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization90异构化聚合isomerization polymerization91氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization 92基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization,GTP 93消除聚合elimination polymerization94模板聚合matrix polymerization,templatepolymerization95插层聚合intercalation polymerization96无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization97开环聚合ring opening polymerization98活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization 99不死的聚合immortal polymerization100酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization101聚加成反应,逐步加成聚合 (曾用名)polyaddition102偶联聚合coupling polymerization103序列聚合sequential polymerization104闪发聚合,俗称暴聚flash polymerization105氧化聚合oxidative polymerization106氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization 107逐步[增长]聚合step growth polymerization108缩聚反应condensation polymerization,polycondensation109酯交换型聚合transesterification typepolymerization,ester exchange polycondensation110自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation 111均相聚合homogeneous polymerization112非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization 113相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization114本体聚合bulk polymerization, masspolymerization115固相聚合solid phase polymerization 116气相聚合gaseous polymerization,gas phase polymerization117吸附聚合adsorption polymerization 118溶液聚合solution polymerization119沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization 120淤浆聚合slurry polymerization121悬浮聚合suspension polymerization122反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspensionpolymerization123珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearlpolymerization124分散聚合dispersion polymerization125反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization126种子聚合seeding polymerization127乳液聚合emulsion polymerization128无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 129反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization130微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization131连续聚合continuous polymerization132半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization133分批聚合,间歇聚合batch polymerization134原位聚合in situ polymerization135均相缩聚homopolycondensation136活化缩聚activated polycondensation137熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation138固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation139体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation 140界面聚合interfacial polymerization141界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation142环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization143环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization144环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization145引发剂initiator146引发剂活性activity of initiator147聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst148自由基引发剂radical initiator149偶氮[类]引发剂azo type initiator1502,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN 151过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO152过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator153复合引发体系complex initiation system154氧化还原引发剂redox initiator155电荷转移复合物,电荷转移络合物charge transfer complex, CTC156聚合加速剂,聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator157光敏引发剂photoinitiator158双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator, difunctionalinitiator159三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator160大分子引发剂macroinitiator161引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer162引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator,iniferter163光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter164热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter165正离子催化剂cationic catalyst166正离子引发剂cationic initiator167负离子引发剂ionioic initiator168共引发剂coinitiator169烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator170负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator171烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator172齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst173过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst174双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst175后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst 176金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst177[二]茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst178甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAO179μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst180双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst 181桥基茂金属bridged metallocene182限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocenecatalyst183均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst 184链引发chain initiation185热引发thermal initiation186染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation 187电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation188诱导期induction period189引发剂效率initiator efficiency190诱导分解induced decomposition191再引发reinitiation192链增长chain growth, chain propagation193增长链端propagating chain end194活性种reactive species195活性中心active center196持续自由基persistent radical197聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization 198链终止chain termination199双分子终止bimolecular termination200初级自由基终止primary radical termination201扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination202歧化终止disproportionation termination203偶合终止coupling termination204单分子终止unimolecular termination205自发终止spontaneous termination206终止剂terminator207链终止剂chain terminating agent208假终止pseudotermination209自发终止self termination210自由基捕获剂radical scavenger211旋转光闸法rotating sector method212自由基寿命free radical lifetime213凝胶效应gel effect214自动加速效应autoacceleration effect215链转移chain transfer216链转移剂chain transfer agent217尾咬转移backbitting transfer218退化链转移degradation (degradative) chaintransfer219加成断裂链转移[反应]addition fragmentation chain transfer 220链转移常数chain transfer constant221①缓聚作用②延迟作用retardation222阻聚作用inhibition223缓聚剂retarder224缓聚剂,阻滞剂retarding agent225阻聚剂inhibitor226封端[反应]end capping227端基terminal group228聚合动力学polymerization kinetics229聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics230聚合热heat of polymerization231共聚合[反应]copolymerization232二元共聚合binary copolymerization233三元共聚合ternary copolymerization234竞聚率reactivity ratio235自由基共聚合radical copolymerization236离子共聚合ionic copolymerization237无规共聚合random copolymerization238理想共聚合ideal copolymerization239交替共聚合alternating copolymerization240恒[组]分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization241接枝共聚合graft copolymerization242嵌段共聚合block copolymerization243开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization244共聚合方程copolymerization equation245共缩聚copolycondensation246逐步共聚合step copolymerization247同种增长homopropagation248自增长self propagation249交叉增长cross propagation250前末端基效应penultimate effect251交叉终止cross termination252Q值Q value253e值e value254Q,e概念Q, e scheme255序列长度分布sequence length distribution256侧基反应reaction of pendant group257扩链剂,链增长剂chain extender258交联crosslinking259化学交联chemical crosslinking260自交联self crosslinking261光交联photocrosslinking262交联度degree of crosslinking263硫化vulcanization264固化curing265硫[黄]硫化sulfur vulcanization266促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 267过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking268无规交联random crosslinking269交联密度crosslinking density270交联指数crosslinking index271解聚depolymerization高分子物理化学与高分子物理12立构嵌段stereoblock13有规立构嵌段isotactic block14无规立构嵌段atactic block15单体单元monomeric unit16二单元组diad17三单元组triad18四单元组tetrad19五单元组pentad20无规线团random coil21自由连接链freely-jointed chain22自由旋转链freely-rotating chain23蠕虫状链worm-like chain24柔性链flexible chain25链柔性chain flexibility26刚性链rigid chain27棒状链rodlike chain28链刚性chain rigidity29聚集aggregation30聚集体aggregate31凝聚、聚集coalescence32链缠结chain entanglement33凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement34物理缠结physical entanglement35拓扑缠结topological entanglement36凝聚相condensed phase37凝聚态condensed state38凝聚过程condensing process39临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration 40线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition41受限链confined chain42受限态confined state43物理交联physical crosslinking44统计线团statistical coil45等效链equivalent chain46统计链段statistical segment47链段chain segment48链构象chain conformation49无规线团模型random coil model50无规行走模型random walk model51自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model52卷曲构象coiled conformation53高斯链Gaussian chain54无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension55扰动尺寸perturbed dimension56热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere 57近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction 58远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction 59链间相互作用interchain interaction60链间距interchain spacing61长程有序long range order62近程有序short range order63回转半径radius of gyration64末端间矢量end-to-end vector65链末端chain end66末端距end-to-end distance67无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance68均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance 69伸直长度contour length70相关长度persistence length71主链;链骨架chain backbone72支链branch chain73链支化chain branching74短支链short-chain branch75长支链long-chain branch76支化系数branching index77支化密度branching density78支化度degree of branching79交联度degree of crosslinking80网络network81网络密度network density82溶胀swelling83平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling84分子组装,分子组合molecular assembly85自组装self assembly86微凝胶microgel87凝胶点gel point88可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel89溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation90临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration,CMC91组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity,compositional heterogenity92摩尔质量平均molar mass average又称“分子量平均”93数均分子量number-average molecular weight,number-average molar mass94重均分子量weight-average molecular weight,weight-average molar mass95Z均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight,Z-molar mass96黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight,viscosity-average molar mass97表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass98表观分子量apparent molecular weight99聚合度degree of polymerization100动力学链长kinetic chain length101单分散性monodispersity102临界分子量critical molecular weight103分子量分布molecular weight distribution,MWD104多分散性指数polydispersity index,PID105平均聚合度average degree of polymerization106质量分布函数mass distribution function107数量分布函数number distribution function108重量分布函数weight distribution function109舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-Zimm distribution110最概然分布most probable distribution 曾用名“最可几分布”111对数正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 又称“对数正则分布”112聚合物溶液polymer solution113聚合物-溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction114溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent115均方末端距mean square end to end distance116均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyration117θ温度theta temperature118θ态theta state119θ溶剂theta solvent120良溶剂good solvent121不良溶剂poor solvent122位力系数Virial coefficient曾用名“维里系数”123排除体积excluded volume124溶胀因子expansion factor125溶胀度degree of swelling126弗洛里-哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory127哈金斯公式Huggins equation128哈金斯系数Huggins coefficient129χ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter130溶度参数solubility parameter131摩擦系数frictional coefficient132流体力学等效球hydrodynamically equivalent sphere 133流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume134珠-棒模型bead-rod model135球-簧链模型ball-spring [chain] model136流动双折射flow birefringence, streamingbirefringence137动态光散射dynamic light scattering138小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering139沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium140沉降系数sedimentation coefficient141沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method142沉降平衡法sedimentation equilibrium method143相对黏度relative viscosity144相对黏度增量relative viscosity increment145黏度比viscosity ratio146黏数viscosity number147[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer148毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer149落球黏度计ball viscometer150落球黏度ball viscosity151本体黏度bulk viscosity152比浓黏度reduced viscosity153比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmicviscosity number154特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limitingviscosity number155黏度函数viscosity function156零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity157端基分析analysis of end group158蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO159辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering ofradiation160折光指数增量refractive index increment161瑞利比Rayleigh ratio162超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio163粒子散射函数particle scattering function164粒子散射因子particle scattering factor165齐姆图Zimm plot166散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering167解偏振作用depolarization168分级fractionation169沉淀分级precipitation fractionation170萃取分级extraction fractionation171色谱分级chromatographic fractionation172柱分级column fractionation173洗脱分级,淋洗分级elution fractionation174热分级thermal fractionation175凝胶色谱法gel chromatography176摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit177溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient [elution]chromatography178分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusion limit179洗脱体积elution volume180普适标定universal calibration181加宽函数spreading function182链轴chain axis183等同周期identity period184链重复距离chain repeating distance185晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period186构象重复单元conformational repeating unit187几何等效geometrical equivalence188螺旋链helix chain189构型无序configurational disorder190链取向无序chain orientational disorder191构象无序conformational disorder192锯齿链zigzag chain193双[股]螺旋double stranded helix194[分子]链大尺度取向global chain orientation195结晶聚合物crystalline polymer196半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline polymer197高分子晶体polymer crystal198高分子微晶polymer crystallite199结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity 200高分子[异质]同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism201聚合物形态学morphology of polymer202片晶lamella, lamellar crystal203轴晶axialite204树枝[状]晶体dendrite205纤维晶fibrous crystal206串晶结构shish-kebab structure207球晶spherulite208折叠链folded chain209链折叠chain folding210折叠表面fold surface211折叠面fold plane212折叠微区fold domain213相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model 214接线板模型switchboard model215缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model216折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal217平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal218伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal219球状链晶体globular-chain crystal220长周期long period221近程结构short-range structure222远程结构long-range structure223成核作用nucleation224分子成核作用molecular nucleation225阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation226主结晶primary crystallization 227后期结晶secondary crystallization 228外延结晶,附生结晶epitaxial crystallizationepitaxial growth229外延晶体生长,附生晶体生长230织构texture231液晶态liquid crystal state232溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal233热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal234热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism235近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal236近晶中介相smectic mesophase237近晶相smectic phase238条带织构banded texture239环带球晶ringed spherulite240向列相nematic phase241盘状相discotic phase242解取向disorientation243分聚segregation244非晶相amorphous phase曾用名“无定形相”245非晶区amorphous region246非晶态amorphous state247非晶取向amorphous orientation248链段运动segmental motion249亚稳态metastable state250相分离phase separation251亚稳相分离spinodal decomposition252bimodal decomposition253微相microphase254界面相boundary phase255相容性compatibility256混容性miscibility257不相容性incompatibility258不混容性immiscibility259增容作用compatiibilization260最低临界共溶(溶解)温度lower critical solution temperature, LCST261最高临界共溶(溶解)温upper critical solution temperature ,度UCST262浓度猝灭concentration quenching263激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence264激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence265激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy266单轴取向uniaxial orientation267双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation268取向度degree of orientation269橡胶态rubber state270玻璃态glassy state271高弹态elastomeric state272黏流态viscous flow state273伸长elongation274高弹形变high elastic deformation275回缩性,弹性复原nerviness276拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio277泊松比Poisson's ratio278杨氏模量Young's modulus279本体模量bulk modulus280剪切模量shear modulus281法向应力normal stress282剪切应力shear stress283剪切应变shear strain284屈服yielding285颈缩现象necking 又称“细颈现象”286屈服应力yield stress287屈服应变yield strain288脆性断裂brittle fracture289脆性开裂brittle cracking290脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition291脆化温度brittleness(brittle) temperature292延性破裂ductile fracture293冲击强度impact strength294拉伸强度tensile strength 又称“断裂强度,breaking stren gth”295极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength296抗撕强度tearing strength 又称“抗扯强度”297弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength298弯曲模量bending modulus299弯曲应变bending strain300弯曲应力bending stress301收缩开裂shrinkage crack302剪切强度shear strength303剥离强度peeling strength304疲劳强度fatigue strength, fatigue resistance305挠曲deflection306压缩强度compressive strength307压缩永久变形compression set308压缩变形compressive deformation309压痕硬度indentation hardness310洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness311布氏硬度Brinell hardness312抗刮性scrath resistance313断裂力学fracture mechanics314力学破坏mechanical failure315应力强度因子stress intensity factor316断裂伸长elongation at break317屈服强度yield strength318断裂韧性fracture toughness319弹性形变elastic deformation320弹性滞后elastic hysteresis321弹性elasticity322弹性模量modulus of elasticity323弹性回复elastic recovery324不可回复形变irrecoverable deformation325裂缝crack 俗称“龟裂”326银纹craze327形变;变形deformation328永久变形deformation set329剩余变形residual deformation330剩余伸长residual stretch331回弹,回弹性resilience332延迟形变retarded deformation333延迟弹性retarded elasticity334可逆形变reversible deformation335应力开裂stress cracking336应力-应变曲线stress strain curve337拉伸应变stretching strain338拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation339热历史thermal history340热收缩thermoshrinking341扭辫分析torsional braid analysis,TBA342应力致白stress whitening343应变能strain energy344应变张量strain tensor345剩余应力residual stress346应变硬化strain hardening347应变软化strain softening348电流变液electrorheological fluid349假塑性pseudoplastic350拉胀性auxiticity351牛顿流体Newtonian fluid352非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid353宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid354冷流cold flow355牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity356剪切黏度shear viscosity357表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity358剪切变稀shear thinning359触变性thixotropy360塑性形变plastic deformation361塑性流动plastic flow362体积弛豫volume relaxation363拉伸黏度extensional viscosity364黏弹性viscoelasticity365线性黏弹性linear viscoelasticity366非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity367蠕变creep368弛豫[作用]relaxation 又称“松弛”369弛豫模量relaxation modulus370蠕变柔量creep compliance371热畸变温度heat distortion temperature372弛豫谱relaxation spectrum373推迟[时间]谱retardation [time] spectrum374弛豫时间relaxation time375推迟时间retardation time376动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior377动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity378热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve379动态转变dynamic transition380储能模量storage modulus381损耗模量loss modulus382复数模量complex modulus383复数柔量complex compliance384动态黏度dynamic viscosity385复数黏度complex viscosity386复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity387介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor388介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant389介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time390玻璃化转变glass transition391玻璃化转变温度glass-transition temperature392次级弛豫secondary relaxation393次级转变secondary transition394次级弛豫温度secondary relaxation temperature395开尔文模型Kelvin model396麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model397时-温叠加原理time-temperature superpositionprinciple398玻耳兹曼叠加原理Boltzmann superposition principle399平移因子shift factor400WLF公式WLF[Williams-Lendel-Ferry] equation 401软化温度softening temperature402平衡熔点equilibrium melting point403物理老化physical ageing高分子加工技术和应用。
高分子化学双语课课件 crosslinking
ABf+AB与之相类似,只是在分子结构中插入一些AB单体单元。
当超支化高分子中所有的支化点的功能度相同,且所有支化 点间的链段长度相等时,叫树枝型高分子(Dendrimer)
7.8 The Crosslinking Polycondensation
7.8.1 Introduction
Branched Polymer(支化型)
Cross-linked Polymer (交联型)
(1) Branched Polycondensation 当聚合体系的单体组成是AB+Af 或ABf 或ABf +AB (f≥2)时,不管反应程度如何,都只能得到支化高分子, 而不会产生交联。
(理论要点:Xn→∞) a. 等基团数 平均官能度 (The average functionality)
f
N f N
i
i i
实例
二元体系: 2 mol丙三醇/ 3 mol邻苯二甲酸体系 nOH = 2x3 =6 mol, nCOOH = 3x2 = 6 mol f =∑Ni fi /∑Ni = (2x3 + 3x2) / (2 + 3) = 2.4
1 [r r ( f 2)]
1 2
Example 1
• 2mol glycerol(丙三醇) and 3mol diacid • r = 1, ρ= 1
• αC=1/(f-1)=1/2,the gel point
PC = 1/(1+3-2)1/2 = 0.707
• The systems will show the gelation if the extent of reaction is above 0.707.
高分子材料专业英语
[二]茂金属催化剂|metallocene catalyst1,1-亚乙烯基单体|vinylidene monomer1,2-polybutadiene|1,2-聚丁二烯1,2-polyisoprene|1,2-聚异戊二烯1,2-二取代乙烯单体|vinylene monomer1,2-聚丁二烯|1,2-polybutadiene 1,2-聚异戊二烯|1,2-polyisoprene 1,2-亚乙烯基单体|vinylene monomer 1,4-polybutadiene|1,4-聚丁二烯1,4-聚丁二烯|1,4-polybutadiene 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile|2,2′偶氮二异丁腈, AIBN2,2′偶氮二异丁腈|2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN3,4-polyisoprene|3,4-聚异戊二烯3,4-聚异戊二烯|3,4-polyisoprene abhesive|阻黏剂ablative polymer|烧蚀橡胶ablator|烧蚀剂accelerated ageing|加速老化accelerated sulfur vulcanization|促进硫化acetal resin|缩醛树脂acetylenic polymer|乙炔类橡胶acrolein polymer|丙烯醛类橡胶acrylate rubber|丙烯酸酯橡胶acrylic fiber|聚丙烯腈纤维,腈纶acrylic polymer|丙烯酸[酯]类橡胶acrylic resin|丙烯酸[酯]类树脂acrylonitrile styrene resin|丙烯腈-苯乙烯树脂, ASacrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin|丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂, 简称“ABS树脂”activated monomer|活化单体activated polycondensation|活化缩聚activating accelerator|活化促进剂activation grafting|活化接枝activator|活化剂active carbon fiber|活性碳纤维active center|活性中心activity of initiator|引发剂活性addition fragmentation chain transfer|加成断裂链转移addition polymer|加[成]聚[合]物addition polymerization|加聚additive|添加剂adhesion|粘合adhesive|粘合剂,又称“胶粘剂”adjacent re-entry model|相邻再入模型adsorption polymerization|吸附聚合after-treating agent|后处理剂agar-agar|琼脂agglomerating agent|附聚剂aggregate|聚集体aggregation|聚集albumin|白蛋白aldehyde polymer|醛类橡胶alfin initiator|烯醇钠引发剂aliphatic epoxy resin|脂肪族环氧树脂aliphatic polyester|脂肪族聚酯alkyd resin|醇酸树脂alkyllithium initiator|烷基锂引发剂allene polymer|丙二烯橡胶allyl resin|烯丙基树脂allylic polymerization|烯丙基聚合alternating copolymer|交替共聚物alternating copolymerization|交替共聚合aluminate coupling agent|铝酸酯偶联剂amine cellulose|胺纤维素amino resin|氨基树脂Aminotriazine resin|三聚氰胺树脂amorphous orientation|非晶取向amorphous phase|非晶相,无定形相amorphous region|非晶区amorphous state|非晶态amphiphilic block copolymer|两亲嵌段共聚物amphiphilic polymer|两亲橡胶amylopectin|支链淀粉amylose|直链淀粉amylum|淀粉anaerobic adhesive|厌氧黏合剂analysis of end group|端基分析anion exchange resin|负离子交换树脂anion radical initiator|负离子自由基引发剂anionic cyclopolymerization|负离子环化聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization|负离子电化学聚合anionic exchange membrane|负离子交换膜anionic isomerization polymerization|负离子异构化聚合anionic polymerization|负离子聚合,阴离子聚合anisotropic membrane|各向异性膜anti-aging agent|防老剂anti-corrosion agent|防蚀剂anticracking agent|抗龟裂剂antidegradant|抗降解剂anti-fatigue agent|抗疲劳剂antifoaming agent|消泡剂antioxidant|抗氧剂antiozonant|防臭氧剂anti-reversion agent|抗硫化返原剂antiseptic|防霉剂anti-skinning agent|防结皮剂antistatic additive|抗静电添加剂antistatic agent|抗静电剂apparent molar mass|表观摩尔质量apparent molecular weight|表观分子量apparent shear viscosity|表观剪切黏度aramid fiber|聚芳酰胺纤维,芳纶,芳香尼龙aromatic polyamide|聚芳酰胺aromatic polyester|芳香族聚酯aromatic polysulfonamide|聚芳砜酰胺artificial ageing|人工老化as-formed fiber|初生纤维association polymer|缔合橡胶asymmetric induction polymerization|不对称诱导聚合asymmetric selective polymerization|不对称选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization|不对称立体选择性聚合atactic block|无规立构嵌段atactic polymer|无规立构橡胶atacticity|无规度,无规立构度atom transfer radical polymerization|原子转移自由基聚合, ATRPautoacceleration effect|自动加速效应autocatalytic polycondensation|自催化缩聚auto-vulcanization|常温硫化auxiticity|拉胀性average degree of polymerization|平均聚合度average functionality|平均官能度Avrami equation|阿夫拉米方程axialite|轴晶azeotropic copolymer|恒[组]分共聚物azeotropic copolymerization|恒组分共聚合azo polymer|偶氮类橡胶azo type initiator|偶氮[类]引发剂backbitting transfer|尾咬转移bacterial degradation|细菌降解bag molding|袋模塑ball viscometer|落球黏度计ball viscosity|落球黏度ball-spring [chain] model|球-簧链模型banded texture|条带织构barrier polymer|阻透橡胶batch polymerization|分批聚合,间歇聚合bead polymerization|珠状聚合bead-rod model|珠-棒模型bending modulus|弯曲模量bending strain|弯曲应变bending strength|弯曲强度bending stress|弯曲应力benzoyl peroxide|过氧化苯甲酰, BPObiaxial drawing|双轴拉伸biaxial orientation|双轴取向bicomponent catalyst|双组分催化剂bifunctional initiator,difunctional initiator|双官能引发剂bifunctional monomer|双官能[基]单体bimetallic catalyst|双金属催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst|μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimodal decomposition|亚稳相分离bimolecular termination|双分子终止bin cure|自硫[化]binary copolymer|二元共聚物binary copolymerization|二元共聚合Bingham fluid|宾汉姆流体bioactive polymer|生物活性高分子biocide|抗微生物剂biocompatibility|生物相容性biodegradable polymer|生物降解高分子biodegradation|生物降解bioelastomer|生物弹性体bioerodable polymer|生物可蚀性高分子biomedical polymer|生物医用高分子biomimetic polymer|仿生高分子biopolymer|生物高分子biorientation|双轴取向bisphenol A epoxy resin|双酚A环氧树脂bisphenol A polycarbonate|双酚A 聚碳酸酯blend|共混blended spinning|共混纺丝block|嵌段block copolymer|嵌段共聚物block copolymerization|嵌段共聚合block poly(ester ether)|嵌段聚醚酯block polymer|嵌段橡胶block polymerization|嵌段聚合blood compatibility|血液相容性blow molding|吹塑blown extrusion|吹胀挤塑Boltzmann superpositionprinciple|玻耳兹曼叠加原理boron carbide fiber|碳化硼纤维boundary phase|界面相branch chain|支链branched polymer|支化橡胶branching density|支化密度branching index|支化系数breaking strength|断裂强度bridged metallocene|桥基茂金属Brinell hardness|布氏硬度brittle cracking|脆性开裂brittle ductile transition|脆-韧转变brittle fracture|脆性断裂brittleness(brittle) temperature|脆化温度brush polymer|刷状橡胶bulk modulus|本体模量bulk polymerization|本体聚合bulk viscosity|本体黏度butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber|丁腈橡胶butyl rubber|丁基橡胶butyral resin|缩丁醛树脂calenderability|压延性calendering|压延,又称“轧光”capillary viscometer|毛细管黏度计carbamide resin|聚脲树脂,又叫“碳酰胺树脂”carbanionic polymerization|碳负离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization|碳正离子聚合carbocationic polymerization|碳正离子聚合carbocyclic ladder polymer|碳环梯形橡胶carbon chain polymer|碳链橡胶carbon fiber|碳纤维carbon nano-tube|碳纳米管carboxy terminated nitrile rubber|羧基丁腈橡胶carboxymethyl cellulose|羧甲基纤维素cast|铸塑cast molding|铸塑成型cast polymerization|铸塑聚合,浇铸聚合cation exchange membrane|正离子交换膜cation exchange resin|正离子交换树脂cationic catalyst|正离子催化剂cationic initiator|正离子引发剂cationic polymerization|正离子聚合,阳离子聚合cauliflower polymer|花菜状橡胶ceilling temperature of polymerization|聚合最高温度cellulose|纤维素cellulose acetate|乙酸纤维素,醋酸纤维素cellulose nitrate|硝酸纤维素,硝化纤维素chain axis|链轴chain backbone|主链,链骨架chain branching|链支化chain breaking|链断裂chain conformation|链构象chain end|链末端chain entanglement|链缠结chain extender|扩链剂,链增长剂chain flexibility|链柔性chain folding|链折叠chain growth|链增长chain initiation|链引发chain orientational disorder|链取向无序chain polymer|链型橡胶chain polymerization|链[式]聚合chain propagation|链增长chain repeating distance|链重复距离chain rigidity|链刚性chain scission degradation|断链降解chain segment|链段chain terminating agent|链终止剂chain termination|链终止chain transfer|链转移chain transfer agent|链转移剂chain transfer constant|链转移常数charge transfer complex|电荷转移复合物, CTCcharge transfer initiation|电荷转移引发charge transfer polymerization|电荷转移聚合chelate polymer|螯合橡胶chelating ion-exchanger|螯合型离子交换剂chelating resin|螯合型树脂chemical crosslinking|化学交联chemical degradation|化学降解chemical fiber|化学纤维chemical foam|化学发泡chemical foaming agent|化学发泡剂chiral polymer|手性高分子chitin|甲壳质chlorinated polyethylene (CPE)|氯化聚乙烯chloroprene rubber|氯丁橡胶chlorosulfonated polyethylene|氯磺化聚乙烯chromatographic fractionation|色谱分级cis-1,4-polybutadiene|顺[式]-1,4-聚丁二烯cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber|顺丁橡胶cis-1,4-polyisoprene|顺[式]-1,4-聚异戊二烯cistactic polymer|顺式有规橡胶coalescence|聚集,凝聚coating|涂料coaxial extrusion|同轴挤塑coextrusion|共挤出coextrusion blow molding|共挤吹塑coherent elastic scattering of radiation|辐射的相干弹性散射cohesional entanglement|凝聚缠结coiled conformation|卷曲构象coil-globule transition|线团-球粒转换coiling type polymer|线团状橡胶coinitiator|共引发剂coinjection molding|共注塑cold drawing|冷拉伸cold flow|冷流cold rolling|冷轧cold stretching|冷拉伸collagen|骨胶原colorant|色料,着色剂column fractionation|柱分级comb polymer|梳形橡胶commodity polymer|通用高分子comonomer|共聚单体compatibility|相容性compatibilizer|增容剂compatiibilization|增容作用complex compliance|复数柔量complex dielectric permittivity|复数介电常数complex initiation system|复合引发体系complex modulus|复数模量complex viscosity|复数黏度composite|复合材料composite molding|复合成型compositional heterogenity|组成非均一性compression forming|压缩成型compression molding|模压成型compression set|压缩永久变形compressive deformation|压缩变形compressive strength|压缩强度computer simulation|计算机模拟concentration quenching|浓度猝灭condensation polymerization,polycondensation|缩聚反应condensed phase|凝聚相condensed state|凝聚态condensing process|凝聚过程conducting polymer|导电橡胶configurational disorder|构型无序configurational unit|构型单元confined chain|受限链confined state|受限态conformational disorder|构象无序conformational repeating unit|构象重复单元conjugate fiber|组合纤维conjugate spinning|复合纺丝conjugated monomer|共轭单体conjugated polymer|共轭橡胶constitution controller|结构控制剂constitutional heterogenity|组成非均一性constitutional repeating unit|重复结构单元constitutional unit|结构单元constrained geometry metallocene catalyst|限定几何构型茂金属催化剂continuous polymerization|连续聚合continuous vulcanization|连续硫化contour length|伸直长度controlled radical polymerization|控制自由基聚合,可控自由基聚合, CRPcoordinated anionic polymerization|配位负离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization|配位正离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization|配位离子聚合coordination polymer|配位橡胶coordination polymerization|配位聚合coplasticizer|辅增塑剂copolycondensation|共缩聚copolyester|共聚酯copolyether|共聚醚copolymer|共聚物copolymerization|共聚合copolymerization equation|共聚合方程copolyoxymethylene|共聚甲醛core shell copolymer|核-壳共聚物core shell latex polymer|核-壳胶乳橡胶cospinning|共纺coumarone-indene resin|苯并呋喃-茚树脂coupling agent|偶联剂coupling polymerization|偶联聚合coupling termination|偶合终止crack|裂缝crack (俗称)|龟裂craze|银纹creep|蠕变creep compliance|蠕变柔量critical aggregation concentration|临界聚集浓度critical micelle concentration,CMC|临界胶束浓度critical molecular weight|临界分子量cross propagation|交叉增长cross termination|交叉终止crosslinked polymer|交联橡胶crosslinking|交联crosslinking density|交联密度crosslinking index|交联指数crude rubber|生橡胶crystalline fold period|晶体折叠周期crystalline polymer|结晶橡胶crystallinity|结晶度cure|固化curing|固化curing agent|固化剂cyclic monomer|环状单体cycloaddition polymerization|环加成聚合cycloalkene polymerization|环烯聚合cyclopolymerization|环化聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization|环硅氧烷聚合dead end polymerization|无活性端聚合,死端聚合dead milled|过炼deflection|挠曲deformation|形变,变形deformation set|永久变形degradable polymer|降解性高分子degradation|降解,退化degradation (degradative) chain transfer|退化链转移degree of branching|支化度degree of crosslinking|交联度degree of crystallinity|结晶度degree of orientation|取向度degree of polymerization|聚合度degree of swelling|溶胀度demulsifier|破乳剂dendrimer|树状高分子dendrite|树枝[状]晶体dendritic polymer|树状高分子denier|旦, 纤度单位, 9000米纤维重1克为1旦deoxyribonucleic acid|脱氧核糖核酸, DNAdepolarization|解偏振作用depolymerase|解聚酶depolymerization|解聚dextran|葡聚糖,又称“右旋糖酐”dextrin|糊精diacetylene polymer|二乙炔橡胶diad|二单元组diallyl polymer|二烯丙基橡胶diblock copolymer|二嵌段共聚物dielectric dissipation factor|介电损耗因子dielectric loss constant|介电损耗常数dielectric relaxation time|介电弛豫时间diene monomer|双烯单体,二烯单体diene polymer|双烯橡胶diene polymerization|双烯[类]聚合differential fiber|改性纤维,俗称“差别纤维”diffusion controlled termination|扩散控制终止dimer|二聚体dimethyl silicone rubber|二甲基硅橡胶discotic phase|盘状相disorientation|解取向dispersant agent|分散剂dispersion polymerization|分散聚合disproportionation termination|歧化终止dissymmetry of scattering|散射的非对称性double stranded helix|双[股]螺旋double-strand polymer|双股橡胶drag reducer|减阻剂drape molding|包模成型draw ratio|拉伸比drier|催干剂dry jet wet spinning|干喷湿法纺丝dry spinning|干纺dry wet spinning|干湿法纺丝ductile fracture|延性破裂dye sensitized phtoinitiation|染料敏化光引发dynamic light scattering|动态光散射dynamic mechanical behavior|动态力学行为dynamic transition|动态转变dynamic viscoelasticity|动态黏弹性dynamic viscosity|动态黏度dynamic vulcanization|动态硫化dystectic polymer|高熔橡胶e value|e值ebonite|硬质胶efficiency of grafting|接枝效率elastic deformation|弹性形变elastic hysteresis|弹性滞后elastic recovery|弹性回复elasticity|弹性elastomer|高弹体,弹性体elastomeric state|高弹态electroactive polymer|电活性橡胶electrochromic polymer|电致变色橡胶electroluminescent polymer|电致发光橡胶electrolytic polymerization|电解聚合electrorheological fluid|电流变液electrostatic spinning|静电纺丝element polymer|元素高分子elimination polymerization|消除聚合elongation|伸长态elongation at break|断裂伸长eluant|洗脱剂elution fractionation|洗脱分级,淋洗分级elution volume|洗脱体积embedding|埋置,又称“包埋”emulsifier free emulsion polymerization|无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsion flash spinning process|乳液闪蒸纺丝法emulsion polymerization|乳液聚合emulsion polymerized butadiene styrene rubber|乳聚丁苯橡胶, ESBR emulsion spinning|乳液纺丝enantioasymmetric polymerization|对映[体]不对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization|对映[体]对称聚合end capping|封端end-to-end distance|末端距end-to-end vector|末端间矢量engineering plastic|工程塑料enzymatic polymerization|酶聚合作用enzyme like polymer|类酶高分子epichloro-hydrin rubber|氯醚橡胶epitaxial crystallization|外延结晶,附生结晶epitaxial growth|外延晶体生长,附生晶体生长epoxy resin|环氧树脂equilibrium melting point|平衡熔点equilibrium polymerization|平衡聚合equilibrium swelling|平衡溶胀equitactic polymer|全同间同等量橡胶equivalent chain|等效链erythro-diisotactic polymer|赤型双全同立构橡胶erythro-disyndiotactic polymer|赤型双间同立构橡胶ester exchange polycondensation|酯交换型聚合ethylene propylene diene monomer|三元乙丙橡胶,又称“乙丙三元橡胶”ethylene propylene monomer|二元乙丙橡胶,又称“乙丙二元橡胶”ethylene propylene rubber|二元乙丙橡胶,又称“乙丙二元橡胶”ethylene propylene terpolymer|三元乙丙橡胶,又称“乙丙三元橡胶”ethylene propylenecopolymer|二元乙丙橡胶,又称“乙丙二元橡胶”ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)|乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物Eucommea rubber|杜仲胶excess Rayleigh ratio|超瑞利比excimer fluorescence|激基缔合物荧光exciplex fluorescence|激基复合物荧光excluded volume|排除体积expanding foam|发泡expansion factor|溶胀因子extended-chain crystal|伸展链晶体extension ratio|拉伸比extensional viscosity|拉伸黏度external plasticization|外增塑作用external releasing agent|外脱模剂extraction fractionation|萃取分级extrusion|挤出,又称“压出”extrusion blow molding|挤出吹塑extrusion draw blow molding|挤拉吹塑成型e值|e valuefatigue resistance|疲劳强度fatigue strength|疲劳强度ferroelectric polymer|铁电橡胶ferromagnetic polymer|铁磁橡胶fiber|纤维fiber forming|成纤fiber reinforced plastic|纤维增强塑料fibril|原纤fibrous crystal|纤维晶fine polymer|精细高分子fire retardant|防火剂flame retardant|阻燃剂flash polymerization|闪发聚合,暴聚flexible chain|柔性链flexible chain polymer|柔性链橡胶flexomer|挠性橡胶flexural strength|弯曲强度Flory-Huggins theory|弗洛里-哈金斯理论flow birefringence|流动双折射fluorinated triazine rubber|三嗪氟橡胶fluorocarbon resin|氟碳树脂fluoroelastomer|氟橡胶fluoroether rubber|氟醚橡胶fluoroethylene resin|氟树脂fluororubber|氟橡胶fluorosilicone rubber|氟硅橡胶foam molding|泡沫塑料成型foaming agent|发泡剂fold domain|折叠微区fold plane|折叠面fold surface|折叠表面folded chain|折叠链folded-chain crystal|折叠链晶体formalized PVA fiber|聚乙烯醇缩甲醛纤维,维尼纶four center polymerization|四中心聚合fractionation|分级fracture mechanics|断裂力学fracture toughness|断裂韧性free radical chain degradation|自由基链降解free radical isomerization polymerization|自由基异构化聚合free radical lifetime|自由基寿命free radical polymerization|自由基聚合,游离基聚合freely-jointed chain|自由连接链freely-rotating chain|自由旋转链frictional coefficient|摩擦系数fringed-micelle model|缨状微束模型fully oriented yarn|全取向丝functional coating|功能涂料functional fiber|功能纤维functional monomer|官能单体functional polymer|功能高分子functionality|官能度furan resin|呋喃树脂furfural phenol resin|糠醛苯酚树脂furfural resin|糠醛树脂fusion casting|熔铸gas aided injection molding|气辅注塑gas phase polymerization|气相聚合gaseous polymerization|气相聚合Gaussian chain|高斯链gel|凝胶gel chromatography|凝胶色谱法gel effect|凝胶效应gel point|凝胶点gel spinning|凝胶纺[丝]gelatin|明胶geometrical equivalence|几何等效glass transition|玻璃化转变glass-transition temperature|玻璃化转变温度glassy state|玻璃态global chain orientation|[分子]链大尺度取向globular-chain crystal|球状链晶体good solvent|良溶剂gradient copolymer|梯度共聚物graft copolymer|接枝共聚物graft copolymerization|接枝共聚合graft polymer|接枝橡胶graft polymerization|接枝聚合grafting degree|接枝度grafting site|接枝点group transfer polymerization,GTP|基团转移聚合gum|树胶Gutta percha|古塔波胶halogenated butyl rubber|卤化丁基橡胶hardening agent|增硬剂head-to-head polymer|头-头橡胶head-to-tail polymer|头-尾橡胶heat curing|热硫化heat distortion temperature|热畸变温度heat of polymerization|聚合热heat stabilizer|热稳定剂helical polymer|螺旋形橡胶helix chain|螺旋链heterochain polymer|杂链橡胶heterocyclic polymer|杂环高分子heterofiber|异质复合纤维heterogeneous polymerization|非均相聚合heterogeneous vulcanization|不均匀硫化heteropolymer|杂聚物heterotactic polymer|杂同立构橡胶,异规橡胶Hevea|三叶橡胶H-film|H-膜high density polyethylene|高密度聚乙烯, HDPEhigh elastic deformation|高弹形变high impact polystyrene|高抗冲聚苯乙烯, HIPShigh modulus polymer|高模量橡胶high performance polymer|高性能高分子high polymer|高聚物high-pressure spinning|高压纺丝hollocellulose|全纤维素hollow fiber|中空纤维homofiber|单组分纤维homogeneous metallocene catalyst|均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous polymerization|均相聚合homopolycondensation|均相缩聚homopolymer|均聚物homopolymerization|均聚反应homopropagation|同种增长Huggins coefficient|哈金斯系数Huggins equation|哈金斯公式hybrid composite|混杂复合材料hydrocarbon resin|烃类树脂hydrodynamic volume|流体力学体积hydrodynamically equivalent sphere|流体力学等效球hydrogen transfer polymerization|氢转移聚合hydrogenatedbutadiene-acrylonitrile rubber|氢化丁腈橡胶hydrogenated rubber|氢化橡胶hydrolytic degradation|水解降解hydrophilic polymer|亲水橡胶hydrophobic polymer|疏水橡胶hydroxyethyl cellulose|羟乙基纤维素hyperbranched polymer|超支化橡胶H-膜|H-filmideal copolymerization|理想共聚合identity period|等同周期imbedding|镶铸immiscibility|不混容性immortal polymerization|不死的聚合impact modifier|抗冲改性剂impact molding|冲压成型impact moulding|冲压模塑impact strength|冲击强度impregnation|浸渍impression molding|触压成型in situ composite|原位复合材料in situ polymerization|原位聚合incompatibility|不相容性indene resin|茚树脂indentation hardness|压痕硬度induced decomposition|诱导分解induction period|诱导期inert filler|惰性填料inflation|充气吹胀inherent viscosity|比浓对数黏度inhibition|阻聚作用inhibitor|阻聚剂inifer|引发-转移剂iniferter|引发-转移-终止剂initiator|引发剂initiator efficiency|引发剂效率initiator transfer agent|引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent terminator|引发-转移-终止剂injection compression molding|注塑压缩成型injection molding|注射成型injection welding|注塑焊接inorganic organic polymer|无机-有机高分子inorganic polymer|无机高分子insertion polymerization|插入聚合integrated rubber|集成橡胶intelligent polymer|智能橡胶intercalation polymerization|插层聚合interchain interaction|链间相互作用interchain spacing|链间距intercondensation polymer|共缩聚物interfacial polycondensation|界面缩聚interfacial polymerization|界面聚合intermiscibility|相溶性internal plasticization|内增塑作用internal releasing agent|内脱模剂interpenetrating polymer networks|互穿聚合物网络, IPN intrinsic viscosity|特性黏数inverse dispersion polymerization|反相分散聚合inverse emulsion polymerization|反相乳液聚合ion exchange polymer|离子交换橡胶ion exchange resin|离子交换树脂ion pair polymerization|离子对聚合ionic copolymerization|离子共聚合ionic polymer|离子橡胶ionic polymerization|离子聚合ionioic initiator|负离子引发剂ionomer|离子交联橡胶irrecoverable deformation|不可回复形变irregular block|非规整嵌段irregular polymer|非规整橡胶isomerization polymerization|异构化聚合isoprene rubber|异戊橡胶isospecific polymerization|全同立构聚合isotactic block|有规立构嵌段isotactic polymer|全同立构橡胶,等规橡胶isotactic polypropylene|全同立构聚丙烯,等规聚丙烯, iPP isotacticity|等规度,全同立构[规整]度jet molding|射流注塑jet spinning|喷射纺丝Kelvin model|开尔文模型kinetic chain length|动力学链长kneading|捏和ladder polymer|梯形橡胶lamella|片晶lamellar crystal|片晶laminate|层压材料Langmuir Blodgett film|LB膜(LB film)laser confocal fluorescence microscopy|激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser fiber|激光光纤late transition metal catalyst|后过渡金属催化剂latent curing agent|潜固化剂latex|胶乳LB膜|Langmuir Blodgett film (LB film)light initiated polymerization|光引发聚合light screener|光屏蔽剂light stabilizer|光稳定剂lignin|木素limiting viscosity number|特性黏数linear low density polyethylene|线型低密度聚乙烯, LLDPElinear polymer|线型橡胶linear viscoelasticity|线性黏弹性liquid crystal polymer|液晶高分子liquid crystal spinning|液晶纺丝liquid crystal state|液晶态liquid rubber|液体橡胶living anionic polymerization|活性负离子聚合living cationic polymerization|活性正离子聚合living polymer|活性高分子living polymerization|活性聚合living radical polymerization|活性自由基聚合living ring opening polymerization|活性开环聚合logarithmic normal distribution|对数正态分布,又称“对数正则分布”logarithmic viscosity number|比浓对数黏度long chain branched polyethylene|长支链聚乙烯long period|长周期long range order|长程有序long-chain branch|长支链long-range intramolecular interaction|远程分子内相互作用long-range structure|远程结构loss modulus|损耗模量low angle laser light scattering|小角激光光散射low density polyethylene|低密度聚乙烯, LDPElower critical solution temperature|最低临界共溶温度, LCSTlubricant|润滑剂lyotopic liquid crystal|溶致性液晶lyotropic liquid crystalline polymer|溶致液晶高分子macrocyclic polymer|大环橡胶macroinitiator|大分子引发剂macroion|高分子离子macromer, macromonomer|大分子单体macromolecular isomorphism|高分子[异质]同晶现象macromolecule|高分子macroporous polymer|大孔橡胶macroreticular resin|大网络树脂magnetic polymer|磁性橡胶main chain liquid crystalline polymer|主链型液晶橡胶mass distribution function|质量分布函数mass polymerization|本体聚合masterbatch|母胶mastication|素炼matrix|基体matrix polymerization|模板聚合Maxwell model|麦克斯韦模型mean square end to end distance|均方末端距mean square radius of gyration|均方旋转半径mechanical failure|力学破坏mechanochemical degradation|力化学降解medical polymer|医用高分子melamine resin|三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂melamine-formaldehyde resin|三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂melt [flow] index|熔体流动指数melt adhesive|热熔胶melt phase polycondensation|熔融缩聚melt spinning|熔纺metal complex catalyst|金属络合物催化剂metallocene catalyst|[二]茂金属催化剂metastable state|亚稳态metathesis polymerization|易位聚合methyl cellulose|甲基纤维素methylal resin|缩甲醛树脂methylaluminoxane|甲基铝氧烷, MAO methylvinyl silicone rubber|甲基乙烯基硅橡胶micro emulsion polymerization|微乳液聚合micro wave curing|微波硫化microgel|微凝胶microphase|微相milling|混炼miscibility|混容性mixing|混炼modulus of elasticity|弹性模量moisture proof agent|防潮剂molar mass average|摩尔质量平均molar mass exclusion limit|摩尔质量排除极限molding|模塑,又称“模压”molecular assembly|分子组装,分子组合molecular composite|分子复合材料molecular dynamics simulation|分子动力学模拟molecular nucleation|分子成核作用molecular weight distribution,MWD|分子量分布molecular weight exclusion limit|分子量排除极限monodisperse polymer|单分散橡胶monodispersity|单分散性monofil|单丝monofilament|单丝monomer|单体monomer casting|单体浇铸monomeric unit|单体单元Monte Carlo simulation|蒙特卡洛模拟Mooney index|门尼粘度morphology of polymer|聚合物形态学most probable distribution|最概然分布,曾用名“最可几分布”moulding curing|模压硫化multiaxial drawing|多轴拉伸multicomponent copolymer|多组分共聚物multifilament|复丝multi-layer blow molding|多层吹塑multilayer copolymer|多层共聚物multi-layer extrusion|多层挤塑multiphase polymer|多相橡胶multipolymer|多元橡胶multi-strand polymer|多股橡胶nanocomposite|纳米复合材料nano-fiber|纳米纤维natural fiber|天然纤维natural polymer|天然高分子natural resin|天然树脂natural rubber|天然橡胶natural silk|蚕丝necking \t又称“细颈现象”|颈缩现象nematic phase|向列相nerviness|回缩性,弹性复原network|网络network density|网络密度network polymer|网络橡胶Newtonian fluid|牛顿流体Newtonian shear viscosity|牛顿剪切黏度nitrile rubber|丁腈橡胶nitrosofluoro rubber|亚硝基氟橡胶nitroxide mediated polymerization|氮氧[自由基]调控聚合non conjugated monomer|非共轭单体non polar monomer|非极性单体non-linear viscoelasticity|非线性黏弹性non-Newtonian fluid|非牛顿流体non-polar polymer|非极性橡胶non-pressure cure|无压硫化non-shrink|防缩non-uniform polymer|多分散性橡胶non-woven fabrics|无纺布normal stress|法向应力nucleation|成核作用number distribution function|数量分布函数number-average molar mass|数均分子量number-average molecular weight|数均分子量oil-extended rubber|充油橡胶olefine copolymer (OCP)|烯烃共聚物oligomer|低聚物,齐聚物oligomerization|低聚反应oligomerization(曾用名)|齐聚反应open vulcanization|无模硫化optical active polymer|光活性橡胶optical bleaching agent|荧光增白剂organic inorganic hybrid material|有机-无机杂化材料organic polymer|有机高分子organometallic polymer|金属有机橡胶over cure|过硫oxetane polymer|氧杂环丁烷橡胶oxidative coupling polymerization|氧化偶联聚合oxidative polymer|氧化性橡胶oxidative polymerization|氧化聚合paint|油漆paraformaldehyde\t又称“多聚甲醛”|低聚甲醛parallel-chain crystal|平行链晶体partial ladder polymer|部分梯形橡胶particle scattering factor|粒子散射因子particle scattering function|粒子散射函数paste molding|糊塑pearl polymerization|珠状聚合peeling strength|剥离强度pentad|五单元组penultimate effect|前末端基效应peptizer|塑解剂,胶溶剂periodic copolymer|周期共聚物peroxide crosslinking|过氧化物交联persistence length|相关长度persistent radical|持续自由基persulphate initiator|过硫酸盐引发剂perturbed dimension|扰动尺寸petroleum resin|石油树脂phase inversion polymerization|相转化聚合phase separation|相分离phenol ether resin|苯酚醚树脂phenol-formaldehyde resin|酚醛树脂phenolic resin|酚醛树脂photo oxidative degradation|光氧化降解photo polymerization|光[致]聚合photoageing|光老化photoconductive fiber|光导纤维photoconductive polymer|光[电]导橡胶photocrosslinkable polymer|光交联橡胶photocrosslinking|光交联photo-cure|光固化photocureable polymer|光固化橡胶photodegradable polymer|光降解橡胶photodegradation|光降解photoelastic polymer|光弹性橡胶photoiniferter|光引发转移终止剂photoinitiator|光敏引发剂photoluminescence polymer|光致发光橡胶photopolymer|感光橡胶photoresist|光致抗蚀剂,光刻胶photoresponsive polymer|光响应高分子photosensitive polymer|光敏橡胶photosensitized polymerization|光敏聚合photostabilizer|光稳定剂physical ageing|物理老化physical crosslinking|物理交联physical entanglement|物理缠结physical foam|物理发泡physical foaming agent|物理发泡剂piezoelectric polymer|压电高分子pilling effect|起球现象plasma polymerization|等离子体聚合plasma processing|等离子体加工plastic|塑料plastic alloy|塑料合金plastic deformation|塑性形变plastic flow|塑性流动plastication|塑炼plasticization|增塑作用plasticizer|增塑剂plasticizer extender|增塑增容剂plasticizing|塑化plastisol|增塑溶胶plastomer|塑性体Poisson's ratio|泊松比polar monomer|极性单体polar polymer|极性橡胶poly (aryl ether)|芳香族聚醚poly(1-butene)|聚1-丁烯poly(1-octene)|聚(1-辛烯)poly(4-methyl-1-pentene)|聚4-甲基-1-戊烯poly(8 amino caprylic acid)|聚(8-氨基辛酸),尼龙8,聚酰胺8poly(acrylic acid)|聚丙烯酸poly(aryl sulfone)(PAS)|聚芳砜poly(butylene terephthalate)|聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene)|聚三氟氯乙烯, PCTFEpoly(diphenyl ether sulfone)|聚二苯醚砜poly(ether amide)|聚醚酰胺poly(ether sulfone)|聚醚砜poly(ether-ether-ketone)|聚醚醚酮, PEEKpoly(ether-ketone)|聚醚酮, PEK poly(ether-ketone-ketone)|聚醚酮酮, PEKKpoly(ether-urethane)|聚醚氨酯poly(ethylene oxide)\t又称“聚氧化乙烯(polyoxyethylene)”|聚环氧乙烷poly(ethylene terephthalate)|聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯poly(glutamic acid)|聚谷氨酸,聚2-氨基戊二酸poly(hexamethylene adipamide)|聚己二酰己二胺poly(lactic acid)|聚乳酸poly(methyl methacrylate)|聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯poly(oxyethylene glycol)|聚乙二醇poly(perfluoropropene)|聚全氟丙烯poly(p-phenylene sulfide)|聚对亚苯硫醚,俗称"聚苯硫醚"poly(p-phenylene terephthalate)|聚对苯二甲酸对苯二酯poly(p-phenylene)|聚对亚苯poly(propylene oxide)\t又称“聚氧化丙烯(polyoxytrimethyl-ene)”|聚环氧丙烷poly(pyromellitimido-1,4-phenyle ne)|聚均苯四酰亚胺-1,4-亚苯poly(tetrafluoroethylene)|聚四氟乙烯poly(tetramethylene terephthalate)|聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯poly(vinyl acetate)|聚乙酸乙烯酯,聚醋酸乙烯酯poly(vinyl alcohol)|聚乙烯醇poly(vinyl butyral)|聚乙烯醇缩丁醛poly(vinyl chloride)|聚氯乙烯poly(vinyl fluoride)|聚氟乙烯poly(vinyl formal)|聚乙烯醇缩甲醛poly(vinylene chloride)|聚1,2-二氯亚乙烯poly(vinylidene chloride)|聚偏二氯乙烯,聚偏[二]氯乙烯poly(vinylidene fluoride)|聚偏二氟乙烯,聚偏[二]氟乙烯poly(βalanine)|聚(β-氨基丙酸),尼龙3,聚酰胺3poly(ωamino caproic acid)|聚(ω-氨基己酸),尼龙6,聚酰胺6 polyacetylene|聚乙炔polyacrylate|聚丙烯酸盐,聚丙烯酸酯polyacrylonitrile|聚丙烯腈polyaddition|聚加成反应polyaddition (曾用名)|逐步加成聚合polyalkenamer|开环聚环烯烃polyallomer|异质同晶橡胶polyamide|聚酰胺polyamide fiber|聚酰胺纤维,锦纶,尼龙polyampholyte|两性聚电解质polyamphoteric electrolyte|两性聚电解质polyaniline|聚苯胺polyaramide|聚芳酰胺polybenzimidazole|聚苯并咪唑polybenzothiazole|聚苯并噻唑polyblend|高分子共混物polybutadiene|聚丁二烯polycaprolactam|聚己内酰胺polycarbonate|聚碳酸酯polycarboxylate|聚羧酸酯polychloroprene|聚氯丁二烯,对于环烯烃的聚合产物,由于聚合机理的不同,一种是开环聚合,一种是保留环打开双键的聚合polycondensate|缩聚物polycrystalline polymer|多晶形橡胶polycyclopentadiene|聚环戊二烯polycysteine|聚胱氨酸polydisperse polymer|多分散性橡胶polydispersity index|多分散性指数, PID polyelectrolyte|聚电解质polyepichlorohydrin|聚环氧氯丙烷polyester|聚酯polyester fiber|聚酯纤维,涤纶polyester resin|聚酯类树脂polyether|聚醚polyethylene|聚乙烯polyformaldehyde|聚甲醛polyglycine|聚甘氨酸polyimide|聚酰亚胺polyisobutylene|聚异丁烯polyisoprene|聚异戊二烯polylactide|聚乳酸polymer|橡胶polymer blend|高分子共混物polymer catalyst|高分子催化剂polymer colloid|高分子胶体polymer crystal|高分子晶体polymer crystallite|高分子微晶polymer drug|高分子药物polymer electret|聚合物驻极体polymer elec-trolyte|高分子电解质polymer reactant|高分子试剂polymer reagent|高分子试剂polymer solution|聚合物溶液polymer solvent|聚合物溶剂polymer support|高分子载体polymeric additive|高分子添加剂polymeric adsorbent|吸附树脂polymeric carrier|高分子载体polymeric flocculant|高分子絮凝剂polymeric membrane|高分子膜polymeric surfactant|聚合物表面活性剂polymerization|聚合polymerization accelerator|聚合加速剂polymerization catalyst|聚合催化剂polymerization kinetics|聚合动力学polymerization thermodynamics|聚合热力学。
高分子化学双语教学探讨
随 着科学 技术的 不断进步 , 我 国 对 外 的 交 流 日益 加深 , 社 会 对 人 才 的 要 求 和 标 准越来越 高。 为 了能 够 更 多 的 了 解 发 达 国 家 的 教 育 体 系和 更 好 的 与 国 际 科 技 水 平接 轨, 从 而增 强国 家 和 民族 的 综 合 竞 争 能 力 , 需 要 培 养 一 大 批 的 高 层次 、 高 素 质 的 复合 型人才 , 因此, 在 目前 的 国 际形 势 下 双 语教 学 势 在 必行 。 在 激 烈 的 国际 经济 竞 争 中 , 科 学技术 是第一生产 力, 而 科 技 的 进 步 与发 展在于 教育。 本 文 主 要 从 高 分 子 化 学 双 语 教学方面进行探讨 , 并 提 出 一 些 建议 。
其次 , 如何 实 现 循 序 渐 进 、 由浅 入 深 的 过 渡 性 的 教学 方 法 , 即 从 双语 教学 开 始 时 , 在 课 堂 上 使 用 外 语 的 数 量 和 比 例 逐 渐 提 高, 是 一 种 过渡 性 的 教 学 。 这 种教 学 方 法 有 助于学生更好的掌握 知识 , 从 而 达 到 教 学
摘 要 :目前双语教 学是 高校教 育改革中的一个重点和 热点问题 , 也是 高等院校本科教 学的发展趋 势 。 为了提 高学生 自身素质 , 提升 学生 市场 竞争 力, 把 握经济全球 化的趋 势, 推 广和 发展 双语教 学对我 国高校 有重大意义 。 本 文 着重介 绍 了高分子化 学专业双语教 学实践中的 些认 识 , 对 目前 高校 本科 的双 语教 学进行 了探讨 ,并提 出一些建 议 。 关键 词 : 高分 子化学 双语教 学 专业课 中图分类号 : H31 9 文献标 识 码 :A 文章编号 : 1 6 7 3 —9 7 9 5 ( Z O I 3 ) 0 2 ( a ) 一0 0 6 4 —0 1
高分子化学词汇手册Polymer和高分子化学名词解释
高分子化学词汇手册Polymer1 高分子macromolecule, polymer 又称“大分子”。
2 超高分子supra polymer3 天然高分子natural polymer4 无机高分子inorganic polymer5 有机高分子organic polymer6 无机-有机高分子inorganic organic polymer7 金属有机聚合物organometallic polymer8 元素高分子element polymer9 高聚物high polymer10 聚合物polymer11 低聚物oligomer 曾用名“齐聚物”。
12 二聚体dimer13 三聚体trimer14 调聚物telomer15 预聚物prepolymer16 均聚物homopolymer17 无规聚合物random polymer18 无规卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer19 头-头聚合物head-to-head polymer20 头-尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer21 尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer22 反式有规聚合物transtactic polymer23 顺式有规聚合物cistactic polymer24 规整聚合物regular polymer25 非规整聚合物irregular polymer26 无规立构聚合物atactic polymer27 全同立构聚合物isotactic polymer 又称“等规聚合物”。
28 间同立构聚合物syndiotactic polymer 又称“间规聚合物”。
29 杂同立构聚合物heterotactic polymer 又称“异规聚合物”。
30 有规立构聚合物stereoregular polymer, tactic polymer 又称“有规聚合物”。
31 苏型双全同立构聚合物threo-diisotactic polymer32 苏型双间同立构聚合物threo-disyndiotactic polymer33 赤型双全同立构聚合物erythro-diisotactic polymer34 赤型双间同立构聚合物erythro-disyndiotactic polymer35 全同间同等量聚合物equitactic polymer36 共聚物copolymer37 二元共聚物binary copolymer38 三元共聚物terpolymer39 多元聚合物multipolymer40 序列共聚物sequential copolymer41 多层共聚物multilayer copolymer42 多相聚合物multiphase polymer43 统计[结构]共聚物statistical copolymer44 无规共聚物random copolymer45 交替共聚物alternating copolymer46 周期共聚物periodic copolymer47 梯度共聚物gradient copolymer48 嵌段共聚物block copolymer 又称“嵌段聚合物(block polymer)” 。
石油类院校《高分子化学》双语教学的探索
石油类院校《高分子化学》双语教学的探索[摘要]双语教学已在全国重点高校中广泛开展,非重点高校实施双语教学的基础相对薄弱。
为适应石油行业全球化战略,我校高分子材料与工程专业逐渐开展双语教学,其中专业基础课——高分子化学已取得一些实践经验,但双语课的目标、授课环节和评价体系等还在不断地探索中。
[关键词]双语石油高分子化学[中图分类号]g642 [文献标识码] a [文章编号]2095-3437(2012)04-0047-032007年教育部高教司启动双语教学示范课程建设项目,从2007年至2010年共支持国家“211工程”重点大学建设500门双语教学示范课程。
当前双语教学已在全国各地高校广泛展开,围绕双语教学的改革正如火如荼地进行,教学实践中存在不少问题需要改进与完善。
高分子化学作为高分子材料与工程专业基础课,我校从2007年开始实施双语教学,取得了一些实践经验,但双语教学的目标、授课环节以及评价体系等都在不断地实践与探索中。
一、高分子化学实施双语教学的必要性和基础国家提倡双语教学是按照“教育要面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来”的要求,为适应经济全球化和科技革命的挑战而提出的,旨在培养学生的国际竞争意识和能力。
我校高分子材料与工程专业本科生主要面向石油石化行业,随着中国石油石化行业国际合作的加强,具有较高学科知识水平同时具备较强专业外语能力的本科生更能得到企业的青睐,适应企业国际化发展的要求。
同时,通过双语教学提高学生的英语专业词汇量和水平,使学生能够独立查阅原版英语资料和文献,也有利于学生了解国内外学科发展的最新动态,语言障碍的消除或减弱也将促进学科的国际交流与学习,因此在本专业设立双语课尤为重要。
本专业属于非重点大学的二类本科专业,与国家重点建设的高等院校相比,师资和生源质量成为制约双语教学的瓶颈。
但近年来高水平教师的引进、生源质量的提高使得本专业具备了实施双语教学的基本条件。
高分子化学教学团队教师大部分毕业于国内高分子专业实力较强的高等院校(如四川大学),60%以上具有博士学历,20%左右具有国外著名大学访问学者经历;近年来生源质量也逐步提高,08年四川省专业平均招生分数线已达到一类本科分数线,大学二年级四级通过率均达到80%。
专业英语 高分子专业术语
poly(ethylene oxide) ⇒
2.基于结构的命名法 (Nomenclature based on structure) 适用于一般的由两种不同单体形成的缩聚物。 命名规则如下:前缀poly+(母体名称+结构分类名 称) 母体(parent compound)按聚合物结构特点分成不 同类型,如:聚酯、聚酰胺等,然后找到该类聚合物 的具体归属(即为哪一种酯,哪一种酰胺…...) 例1:己二胺(hexamethylenediamine)和癸二酸 (sebacic acid)缩聚物被看作是由癸二酸形成的取代 的酰胺衍生物
名称
Name
缩写符号 PVAc PVA PB PIP PET
聚醋酸乙烯酯 poly(vinyl acetate) 聚乙烯醇 poly(vinyl alcohol) 聚丁二烯 polybutadiene 聚异戊二烯 polyisoprene 聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯 Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Copolymers 按单体在共聚物中的排列,可细分为嵌段 (block)、交替(Alternating)、无规 (Random)、接枝(Graft)共聚物等四大类
Block polymer A A A B B B A A A B B
Alternating polymer A B A B A B A B Random polymer A A B A B A A A B A
A + A + A + A A A A A
单体
+ +
乙烯 ethene
聚合物
+
聚乙烯 polyethene
+
+
丙烯 propene
大学高分子化学专业英语整理
Activation 活化作用Addition polymer 加成聚合物Anionic polymerization 阴离子聚合Antioxidant 抗氧化剂Atactic 无规立抅Batch reactor 间歇反应器Bulk polymerization 本体聚合Carrier 载体Catalysts 催化剂Categorize 分类Categorize分类种类Cationic polymerization 阳离子聚合Chain polymerization 链式聚合Component 组分Condensation polymer缩合聚合物Continuous reactor 连续反应器Controlled release 可控释放Conversion 转化率Copolymerization 共聚Crystal 晶体Crystallization bond 结晶行为Decomposition 分离Deformability 变形Density 溶度Destructive distillation干馏Dissociation 离解Dissolution 溶解Double bond 双键Durable 耐用的Elasticity 弹性Elastomer 弹性体Elastomer弹性体Emulsion polymerization 乳液聚合Endothermic reaction 吸热反应Excessive metal oxid过度金属化合物Exothermic reaction 放热反应Fiber纤维Firm坚固Heterogeneous 非均相Homogeneous 均相In series 串联Initiation 引发剂Initiator 引发剂Inter polymer 共聚物Ionic polymerization 离子型聚合Ir regular 无规律Isotactic 等规Isothermal crystallization 等温结晶Kinetic chain length 动力学链长Liquid crystal 液晶Mass average 质均Mechanical loss机械损耗Mechanical property力学机械性能Mechanism 机理Molecular weight distributio分子量分布Monomer reactivity 单体反应活性Number average 数均Oxidation 氧化Plastic 塑料Poly vinylchhoride 聚氯乙烯Polydispersity多分散性Polymeric 聚合的Polymerization reaction 聚合反应Polymerization 缩聚Random 无规Reactants 分子试剂Reactor 反应器Recirecipe 配方Recycle reactor 循环反应器Reflux condenser 回流冷凝器Regular 有规律Repeating unit 重复单元Rubber 橡胶Saturation 饱和Semibatch reactor 半间歇反应器Settle沉淀Side reaction 副反应Side reactor 副反应Sodium chloride 氯化钠Stability 稳定剂Step-growth polymerization逐步聚合Stress relaxation 应力松弛Stretch strength 拉伸强度Substitution 取代Surfactanl 表面活性剂Swell 溶胀Syndio tactic 间规Synthetic 合成Tensile modulus 拉伸模量Tensile strength 抗张强度Thermoplastic 热塑性Thermoset 热固性Tubular reactor 管式反应器V atting 还原Viscoelatic deformation 弹性变形Viscosity average 粘均Yield 产率、屈服Molecule : is the smallest unit that can maintain the chemical property of the material. Monomer : is the raw material that can be used to synthesize a veriety of polymer. Kinetic chain length :is the total number of the monomer molecules that comsumed unit the active state is terminated in a chain polymerization.Functional polymers are macromolecules to which chemically functional groups are attached they have the potential advantages of small molecules with the same functional groups.Polymer : are complex and giant mole cules and built up from bonding together a single kind of reapting unit. 填空In emulsion polymerization,which is applicable when the end-product is desired as a latex,monomer is dispersed by vigorous stirring in an immiscible liquid water. Droplet size normally ranges from 0.1 to 1.0 microns. Emulsion stability, in the absence of agitation, is achieved by means of sufficient amounts of emulsifier and surfactants. Products made by this method include polyvinyl acetate for paint and coating; carboxylated styrenebutadiene copolymer; elastomers, such as semibatch reactor (SBR) or buna N (butadiene-acrylonierile) rubbers,and Acrylonitrile Butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer.A required active可以用如下三种方法将所需要的活性官能团引入到聚合物主链上:(1)在合成主链聚合物时通过带有所需官能团的单体均聚或共聚,使聚合物带上官能团;(2)将预先制成的未功能化的主链聚合物进行化学改性;(3)将(1)和(2)两种方法结合起来.A semibatch个别反应物的不同加入方式也导致半连续操作。
高分子化学全套PPT课件
2024/1/28
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2024/1/28
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塑料原料选择与预处理
包括合成树脂、填料、增塑剂、稳定剂等原料的 选择及预处理方法。
塑料加工设备与模具
介绍塑料加工中常用的设备如注塑机、挤出机、 吹塑机等,以及模具的设计与制造。
ABCD
2024/1/28
塑料成型工艺
详细阐述注塑、挤出、吹塑、压延等成型工艺的 原理、特点及应用。
塑料制品质量控制与检测
分析塑料制品常见的质量问题,提出相应的控制 措施及检测方法。
2024/1/28
高分子溶液粘度
粘度与分子量关系,粘度测定 方法
高分子溶液流变性
剪切变稀和剪切增稠现象,触 变性
高分子溶液稳定性
高分子聚集和沉淀,稳定性影 响因素
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高分子凝胶性质
凝胶形成过程
溶胶-凝胶转变,凝胶结构和性质
凝胶强度与韧性
交联度对凝胶强度影响,增强凝胶韧性的方法
凝胶溶胀与消溶胀
溶胀动力学和热力学,消溶胀过程
发展历程
从天然高分子到合成高分子,经历了 漫长的发展历程,现已成为化学领域 的重要分支。
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高分子化合物分类与特点
分类
根据来源可分为天然高分子和合成高分子;根据结构可分为线型、支链型和体 型高分子。
特点
高分子化合物具有相对分子质量大、分子链长、多分散性、物理和化学性质独 特等特点。
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纤维制备与加工
纤维原料与分类
介绍天然纤维、化学纤维等原料 的来源、分类及性能特点。
纤维制品性能检测与应用
阐述熔融纺丝、湿法纺丝、干法 纺丝等纺丝工艺的原理及设备。
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2.
3.
Chapter 6 Ionic Polymerization (离子聚合)
2014.5.12
Polymerization
Polymerization:
Chain Polymerization Ionic Polymerization Step Polymerization Radical Polymerization
Anionic Polymerization Cationic Polymerization
6.1 Anionic Polymerization
• • • • • High selectivity for monomers; Harsh polymerization conditions; Extremely fast polymerization rate; Heterogeneous system; The solvents show great effect on the polymerization.
6.1.1 The Initiator and Monomer
Typical anionic polymerizable monomers : styrene, MMA and acrylic nitrile etc. All types of monomers are π-π conjugated system or that with electron attracting group, making the density of electron cloud of double bond decline. The anionic active center reacts with double bond by CH2 CH CH2 CH CH3 addition reaction.
Overview
6.1 Anionic Polymerization
Polymers of specific structure, like ABA block copolymer, star shaped polymer and comb-like polymer, could be synthesized, meeting the aim of polymer molecular design . Industrial practice is realized, for example, the produce of liquid butadiene styrene rubber and butadiene styrene block copolymer SBS resin has been industrialized.
这类引发剂的活性太高,聚合不易控制,故目前 已不使用。
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6.1.1 The Initiator and Monomer
金属烷基化合物
金属烷基化合物 RMe是目前最常用的阴离子聚 合引发剂。其活性与金属的电负性有关。金属与碳 的电负性相差越大,越容易形成离子。
各种元素的电负性如下:
C(2.5),Mg(1.2),Li(1.0),Na(0.9),K(0.8)
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6.1.1 The Initiator and Monomer
3. 其他 ROH,H2O ,R3P, R3N等中性亲核试剂中都 含有未共用电子对,能引发很活泼的单体阴离子聚 合,如硝基乙烯、偏二腈乙烯、α—氰基丙烯酸酯
等等。
CH2
CN C C O O CH3
α—氰基丙烯酸甲酯
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6.1.1 The Initiator and Monomer
直接转移引发
13
6.1.1 The Initiator and Monomer
碱金属亦可将电子转移给中间体,使中间体转变为自由基 —阴离子, 然后再将活性转移给单体。这种引发能量较低,反应速度快。如 萘—钠引发体系在四氢呋喃溶液中引发苯乙烯的聚合。
Na + THF [ ]
绿色
Na
间接转移引发
Na CH CH2 +
The Anionic polymerization still belongs to the chain polymerization. It consists of 3 elementary reactions:
Initiation
Propagation
Termination
Hale Waihona Puke 6.1.2 Mechanism
12
6.1.1 The Initiator and Monomer
电子转移引发
1. 碱金属( Alkali Metal) Li、Na、K等碱金属原子最外层近一个价电子, 容易转移给单体或其他化合物,生成单体自由基— 阴离子,并进而形成双阴离子引发聚合。因此属于 电子转移引发。
Me + CH2 CH X Me CH X CH2CH2 Me CH2 CH X CH Me X Me CH X CH2
课前练习
1.
乳液聚合的一般规律是:初期聚合速率随聚合时间的延长而逐 渐增加,然后进入恒速聚合。之后,聚合速率逐渐下降。试从乳 液聚合机理和动力学方程分析发生上述现象的原因。 氯乙烯于50℃进行悬浮聚合,试从下列引发体系中选取合用的引 发剂体系。 (1)BPO;(2)AIBN;(3)(NH4)2S2O8;(4)K2S2O8; (5)HOOH+Fe2+;(6)C6H5C(CH3)2OOH;(7)ABVN; (8) 单体(如苯乙烯)在储存和运输过程中,常需加入阻聚剂。聚合 前用何法除去阻聚剂?若取混有阻聚剂的单体聚合,将会发生什 么后果?
In the above equation, M represent metal, and Y group is an electron attracting group, which is apt to be attacked by the carboanion of the initiator.
(1) Initiation
The initiating progress is that the initiator is added to the monomer double bond to produce an anionic monomer active center:
Y CH2 C H + R M R CH2 Y C H M
6.1 Anionic Polymerization
• 1877 ---- Waitz ring-opening polymerized ethylene oxide. • 1949 --- Styrene and acrylic nitrile are polymerized in liquid ammonia with potassium amide as a initiator, which bring out a mechanism of the anionic polymerization. • 1952---- Quantitative kinetic studies were done. • 1956 ---- Szwarc notified the cationic living polymerization.
6.1.1 The Initiator and Monomer
The occurrence of bottle green solution indicates the produce of radical anionic initiator.
Water or wet air must be strictly removed, or the activity of initiator will be destroyed.
Molecular Formula or Examples
Na suspends in THF or fluid chlorine
naphthalene natrium initiator n-C4H9Li RMgX( R-alkyl or aryl group) AlR3
6.1.2 Mechanism
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6.1.1 The Initiator and Monomer Common Initiator
Type of Initiator
alkali metals suspension system
organic radical anion alkyl or aryl lithium reagent Grignard Reagent alkyl aluminum
6.1 Anionic Polymerization
6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.1.5 Monomer and Initiator Mechanism Living Polymer Kinetics Comparison between Radical & Ionic Polymerization
2. 有机金属化合物 这类引发剂的品种较多,主要有金属胺基化合 物、金属烷基化合物和格利雅试剂等。
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6.1.1 The Initiator and Monomer
金属胺基化合物
NaNH2和KNH2在液氨体系可呈自由阴离子形式 引发聚合,是研究得最早的阴离子引发剂。
KNH2 NH2 + CH2 K + NH2 CH NH2 CH2 CH
6.1.1 The Initiator and Monomer
6.1 Anionic Polymerization
General equation of reaction
A B M BM A M n
M
B- : Anionic activated species, normally served by Nucleophile; A+: Countra-ion, normally was metallic ion.