2011第二章 商业银行的财务分析与业绩

ROA = Net Income Total operating income Total operating income Average assets = PM AU * Total operating income = Interest Income + Non-Interest Income
• 2、股权资本（永久性优先股＋普通股＋盈 余＋未分配利润）
二、银行表外业务
• 贷款承诺 • 备用信用证 • 衍生合约
三、损益表（收入表）
• • • • • • • • • • • • 利息收入 利息支出 净利息收入 贷款/租赁损失准备（拨备） 非利息收入 非利息支出 税前营运收入 证券收益（损失） 所得税 特别项前收入 特别收益（损失） 净收入
NI =
n=1
rnAn - rmLm m=1
N
M
P + NII
-
NIE
-
T
where NI = Bank’s net income An = Dollar value Lm = Dollar value of the bank’s nth liability rn = Rate earned on the bank’s nth asset rm = Rate paid on the bank’s nth liability P = Provision for loan losses NII = noninterest income earned, including OBS NIE = noninterest expenses incurred T = Bank’s taxes N = number of assets the bank holds M = number of liabilities the bank holds
revenue
Profit Margin
Profit Margin (PM) - measures the ability to pay expenses and generate income from interest and noninterest income Interest expense ratio = Interest expense Total operating income Provision for loan loss ration = Provision for loan losses Total operating income Noninterest expense ratio = Noninterest expense Total operating income Tax Ratio = Income taxes Total operating income
（二）主要的盈利指标
• ROE与ROA
ROE = Net income Average Assets

Average Assets Average equity capital
= ROA EM
Return on Assets and Its Components
Return on Assets (ROA) - measures profit generated relative to the FI’s assets
*Spread = Interest income Avg. Earning assets Interest expense Avg. Interest-bearing liabilities
* The higher the spread, the better.
Net operating margin
Net operating margin
• Net operating margin = total operating revenues-total operating expense
total assets (or earning assets)
Spread
Spread - the difference between lending and deposit rates
交易账户所得及收费
• 交易现金类金融工具的损益 • 表外衍生交易损益
其他非利息收入来源
• • • • • • • • 投资银行、咨询、经纪人和承销服务 风险资本收益 服务收费 证券化收益 保险手续费 贷款出售损益 物业出售损益 其他资产出售损益
The Direct Relationship between the Income Statement and the Balance Sheet
*Overhead efficiency = Noninterest income Noninterest expense * The higher the ratio, the better.
Return on Assets and Its Components
ROE=ROA x EM =PM x AU x EM =TME x EME x AU x EM
PM=Net income/Total operating revenue AU= Total operating revenue/Total asset EM=Total assets/Total equity capital TME=Net income/Pretax net operating income EME=Pretax net operating income/Total operating
• Net operating margin = total operating revenues-total operating expense
total assets (or earning assets)
Overhead Efficiency
Overhead efficiency - a bank’s ability to generate noninterest income to cover noninterest expenses
第二节 银行的业绩评价与财务 分析
一、银行的长期经营目标 ――股东利益最大化
股东利益的衡量
• 资产负债表的股东权益 • 根据股票市场价格计算的股东利益 • 按净现金流折现的股东利益
二、绩效评价方法
Time series analysis - analysis of financial statements over a period of time Cross-sectional analysis - analysis of financial statements comparing one firm with others （一）比率分析法 • 盈利能力比率 • 营业支出比率 • 流动性比率 • 风险比率 （二）杜邦分析法：渐次分解法
第二章 商业银行的财务分析与 业绩评价
第一节 银行的财务报表
一、资产负债表 :资产＝负债＋股东权益
（一）资产: 1、现金及存放银行同业：初级（一级）储备; 2、所投资证券：二级储备；流动性部分+获取收益 部分＝可销售证券＋持有到期证券； 3、交易账户资产：用于销售而谋求价差的证券 4、已售联邦基金和逆回购协议 5、贷款与租赁 6、贷款损失储备ALL) 7、其他资产
5、贷款与租赁
• • • • • • • • • 工商贷款 消费者贷款 房地产贷款 金融机构贷款 外国贷款 农业贷款 对州政府及附属机构贷款 证券贷款 其他贷款
7、其他资产
• • • • • 房屋与固定资产 所持有的其他房地产 在非合并报表的附属企业投资 商誉及其他无形资产 其他资产
（二）负债＋股权资本
• 1、负债：
– （1）存款(国内+国外） Or 不付息+付息 不付息活期存款（常规支票存款）
• • • • 储蓄存款 NOW账户 货币市场存款账户 定期存款
（二）负债＋股权资本
（2）非存款性质的借款
– 所购买的联邦基金及回购协议 – 其他负债：
• • • • • 贴现窗口借入 发行商业票据 欧洲货币市场借款 发行债券 次级债务
Asset Utilization
Asset utilization (AU) - measures the amount of interest/ noninterest income generated per dollar of total assets
AU = Total operating income = Interest + Noninterest Average assets income income ratio ratio
三、绩效评价指标体系
• （一）股权价值 • E=A-L， L一般按原始价值计算
– A按原始价值计算 – A按市场价值计算（主要是证券资产按市场价值计算）
• E =P0×Q, P0为股票价格，Q为股票数量 • 股票价格的计算：
– P0=Σ[E(Dt)/(1+r)t], t=0~∞ – P0=D1/(r-g) – 股票此时在流通市场的价格
= Interest income - Interest expense Avg. Investment securities + Avg. Net loans and leases
Net noninterest Margin
• Net noninterest Margin: Noninterest revenues minus noninterest expenses divided by total assets or earning assets. • Net noninterest margin =noninterest revenues- noninterest expenses total assets (or earning assets)