泌尿系统影像学

CTU
Normal adrenal gland
Hysterosalpingography
1 2
3 4 5
1 immature; 2 mature; 3 degenerative; 4 atrophic
Genital system ( female )
Genital system ( male )
Urinary system Genital system
PUMCH Radiology Dept.
X ray – plain film
Contrast enhanced - X ray
• Urinary tract radiography (urography)
– intravenous pyelography (urography)
• Ureter：
– Dilated （stone, tumor, trauma） – Wall thickening（tumor, infection） – Calcification – Soft tissue mass
• bladder：
– mass（tumor, clot, stone） – Wall thickening (diffused, localized)
Non-contrast phase
Corticomedullary phase
Parenchyma phase
Excretive phase
Cortex Medulla Papilla Column Pyramid
Vein Artery
Sinus Pelvis Calyx
Finding ureter in CT images
– retrograde pyelography (urography)
• Retrograde cystography
Urography
• 1-2 mins：renal parenchyma • 15－30 mins：calyx, pelvis • Release pressure：ureter,
– No enhancement; delayed; fade; intensified
• Calyx & pelvis
– Dilated; traction; distortion; filling defect; destruction
• Ureter ：
– Dilated / stenosis / filling defect / destruction
bladder
• Minor calyx • Major calyx • Pelvis • Contour • Ureter • Bladder
Normal anatomy
• Ureter
– Segment? Stricture?
• Bladder
Intramural portion
CT enhanced scan phases
Prostate gland
Male pelvis (Sagittal )
Female pelvis (Sagittal )
Fra Baidu bibliotek
• bladder
Plain film
• Calcification ：
– Stone（deer horn ） – TB – Aneurysm – RCC
• Location, size and contour
Abnormalities?
Dilated / hydrocele
Right calyx/pelvis hydrocele
Ureter abnormalities?
Urography
• Size, number, location of the kidney • Parenchyma
• bladder：
– Dilated / stenosis / filling defect / destruction
CT abnormalities
• Kidney：
– Location, size, number, shape – Parenchyma miscellaneous ） – Calyx / pelvis（stone、hydrocele、soft tissue mass） – Peri-renal (increased fat density, thickening of fascia)
The end