上海2014年春考考纲

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2014年上海春季高考数学试卷详细答案版(最新)

2014年上海市普通高等学校春季招生统一考试（暨上海市普通高中学业水平考试）数学试卷考生注意：1．本试卷两考合一，春季高考=学业水平考+附加题；春季高考，共32道试题，满分150分．考试时间120分钟（学业水平考，共29道试题，满分120分．考试时间90分钟；其中第30-32题为附加题，满分30分．考试时间30分钟）．2．本试卷分设试卷和答题纸．试卷包括试题与答题要求．作答必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分．3．答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚的填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名．一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分36分）考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得3分，否则一律得零分．1．若416x=，则x = ．2．计算：(1)=i i + （i 为虚数单位）． 3．1、1、2、2、5这五个数的中位数是． 4．若函数3()f x x a =+为奇函数，则实数a = ． 5．点(0,0)O 到直线40x y +-=的距离是． 6．函数11y x =+的反函数为． 7．已知等差数列{}n a 的首项为1，公差为2，则该数列的前n 项和n S = ．8．已知1cos 3α=，则cos2α= ． 9．已知a 、b R +∈。

若1a b +=，则ab 的最大值是．10．在10件产品中，有3件次品，从中随机取出5件，则恰含1件次品的概率是（结果用数值表示）． 11．某货船在O 处看灯塔M 在北偏东30︒方向，它以每小时18海里的速度向正北方向航行，经过40分钟到达B 处，看到灯塔M 在北偏东75︒方向，此时货船到灯塔M 的距离为海里．'.12．已知函数2()1x f x x -=-与()1g x mx m =+-的图像相交于A 、B 两点.若动点P 满足2PA PB +=，则P 的轨迹方程为．二、选择题（本大题共有12题，满分36分）每题有且只有一个正确答案，考生应在答题纸相应编号上，将代表答案的小方格涂黑，选对得3分，否则一律得零分． 13．两条异面直线所成的角的范围是（）()A (0,)2π； ()B (0,]2π；()C [0,)2π； ()D [0,]2π14．复数2i +（i 为虚数单位）的共轭复数为（）()A 2i -； ()B 2i -+； ()C 2i --； ()D 12i +15．右图是下列函数中某个函数的部分图像，则该函数是（）()A sin y x =；()B sin 2y x =；()C cos y x =；()D cos 2y x =16．在4(1)x +的二项展开式中，2x 项的系数为（）()A 6； ()B 4； ()C 2； ()D 117．下列函数中，在R 上为增函数的是（）()A 2y x =； ()B y x =； ()C s i n y x =； ()D 3y x =18．cos sin sin cos θθθθ-=（）()A cos 2θ； ()B s i n 2θ； ()C 1； ()D 1-19．设0x 为函数()22xf x x =+-的零点，则0x ∈（）()A (2,1)--； ()B (1,0)-； ()C (0,1)； ()D (1,2)20．若a b >，c R ∈，则下列不等式中恒成立的是（）()A 11a b <； ()B 22a b >； ()C a c b c >； ()D 2211a b c c >++ 21．若两个球的体积之比为8:27，则它们的表面积之比为（）()A 2:3 ()B 4:9 ()C 8:27 ()D 22:3322．已知数列{}n a 是以q 为公比的等比数列．若2n n b a =-，则数列{}n b 是（）()A 以q 为公比的等比数列； ()B 以q -为公比的等比数列；()C 以2q 为公比的等比数列； ()D 以2q -为公比的等比数列23．若点P 的坐标为(,)a b ，曲线C 的方程为(,)0F x y =，则“(,)0F a b =”是“点P 在曲线C 上”的( )()A 充分非必要条件； ()B 必要非充分条件； ()C 充分必要条件； ()D 既非充分又非必要条件24．如图，在底面半径和高均为1的圆锥中，AB 、CD 是底面圆O 的两条互相垂直的直径，E 是母线PB 的中点．已知过CD 与E 的平面与圆锥侧面的交线是以E 为顶点的抛物线的一部分，则该抛物线的焦点到圆锥顶点P 的距离为（）()A 1 ()B 32 ()C 62 ()D 104三、解答题（本大题共有8题，满分78分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤． 25．（本题满分7分）已知不等式201x x -<+的解集为A ，函数lg(1)y x =-的定义域为集合B ，求A B ．26．（本题满分7分）已知函数2()4,[3,3]f x x x a x =-+∈-.若(1)2f =，求()y f x =的最大值和最小值.'.27．（本题满分8分）如图，在体积为13的三棱锥P ABC -中，PA 与平面ABC 垂直，1AP AB ==，2BAC π∠=， E 、F 分别是PB 、AB 的中点.求异面直线EF 与PC 所成的角的大小（结果用反三角函数值表示）.28．（本题满分13分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分9分．已知椭圆222:1(1)x C y a a+=>的左焦点为F ，上顶点为B .（1）若直线FB 的一个方向向量为3(1,)3，求实数a 的值；（2）若2a =，直线:2l y kx =-与椭圆C 相交于M 、N 两点，且3FM FN ⋅=，求实数k 的值．29．（本题满分13分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分5分，第2小题满分8分.已知数列{}n a 满足0n a >，双曲线221:1()n n n x y C n N a a *+-=∈.（1）若121,2a a ==，双曲线n C 的焦距为2n c ，41n c n =-，求{}n a 的通项公式；（2）如图，在双曲线n C 的右支上取点(,)nn PP x n ，过n P 作y 轴的垂线，在第一象限内交n C 的渐近线于点n Q ，联结n OP ，记n n OP Q ∆的面积为n S .若lim 2n n a →∞=，求lim n n S →∞.（关于数列极限的运算，还可参考如下性质：若lim (0)nn n u A u →∞=≥，则lim n n u A →∞=）'.B i ............A 2A iB 1B 2A 1CB A30．（本题满分8分）已知直角三角形ABC 的两直角边AC 、BC 的边长分别为,b a ，如图，过AC 边的n 等分点i A作AC 边的垂线i d ，过BC 边的n 等分点i B 和顶点A 作直线i l ，记i d 与i l 的交点为(1,2,,1)i P i n =-．是否存在一条圆锥曲线，对任意的正整数2n ≥，点(1,2,,1)i P i n =-都在这条曲线上？说明理由．31．（本题满分8分）某人造卫星在地球赤道平面绕地球飞行，甲、乙两个监测点分别位于赤道上东经131º和147º，在某时刻测得甲监测点到卫星的距离为1537.45千米，乙监测点到卫星的距离为887.64千米。

上海2014春考语文试卷及答案

2014年上海市普通高中春季高考语文试卷一、阅读(90分)(一)阅读下文，完成第1-4题。

(8分)①人们的生活实践要求彼此交际，相互交流经验、交流思想。

在没有文字的时候，人们只能利用语言来交际。

许多有经验( )有知识的人把他们的经验和知识，用简括凝□、便于记忆的语言固定下来，编成歌曲、口诀、故事等等，彼此相告，代代相传。

这就所谓的是“传说”。

②传说是靠口耳相传的。

它的基础是人的记忆，但是人的记忆总是有限的。

传说在被人们相互传述的时候，往往．．会有所遗漏或添加。

因此一个传说，经过若干人的口传以后，可能会变得离原样很远，内容的真实性也受到很大的影响。

③在远古时代，传说是人们获得知识的主要途径。

我们现在关于远古时代一鳞半爪的知识，也是靠着这种传说保留下来的。

有些最古的著作，例如古希腊史诗《伊里亚特》和《奥德赛》，当初就是这样流传下来的。

1.第①段的“( )”处标点使用正确的一项是(C)。

(2分)A.破折号B.分号C.顿号D.逗号2.第①段的“□”处用字正确的一项是(B)。

(2分)A.炼B.练C.拣D.冻3.“一鳞．半爪．”中加点字的注音正确的一项是(A)。

(2分)A.lín zhǎoB.lín zhuǎC.líng zhǎoD. líng zhuǎ4.结合文意，分析第②段中的“往往．．”一词在表达上的作用。

(2分)答案示例：“往往”表示“遗漏或添加”的情况常常发生而又不是绝对会发生，用这个词使表达更准确、更严密。

(评分说明：“常常发生而又不是绝对会发生” 1分，“更准确、更严密” 1分。

)(二)阅读下文，完成第5-7题。

(9分)①诗生于大众，成于大众。

大众的原始表达是诗性特征生发的前提。

大众诗性表达的需求，是诗歌存在的依据。

从民歌到诗歌，诗在传诵中存活，在流动中成熟。

群众的喜好、相传、加工，是诗歌在文体上独立并成为社会公有之物的必要过程，没有这个过程便没有诗歌。

2014年上海上半年事业单位考试大纲解析

2014年上海上半年事业单位考试大纲解析上海教师考试网（/）。

上海中公教育（/）联合制作纵观近几年上海市事业单位的考试情况，《基本素质测验》作为重点考试科目一直出现在上海事业单位考试中，因此，对于参加事业单位考试的广大考生来说，了解这一科目的基本情况，把握命题趋势至关重要。

2014年上海事业单位考试大纲已经出炉，通过对近几年上海市事业单位考试真题的分析和研究，总结出上海事业单位考试《基本素质测验》的命题规律和发展趋势。

一、《基本素质测验——数理能力》《大纲》的描述以及使用的例题与往年相比没有任何变化，数理能力依旧包括“数字推理、数学应用、资料分析”三类。

分析近两年上海市事业单位考题量，预计2014年上海事业单位数字推理考察5题，数学应用考查5题，资料分析考查10题。

【应考策略】第一种题型：数字推理。

每道试题提供一组数字，其中缺少一项，要求报考者仔细观察给出数字的排列规律，找出最符合题意的答案。

从整体上难度不大，主要考察基本数列及其变式，其中等差数列及其变式、多次方数列变式、组合数列、分式数列出现较多，强调对数项之间的运算关系、数字的基本特征的理解。

第二种题型：数学应用。

每道试题给出表述数字关系的一段材料，要求报考者通过分析、判断、运算，找出最符合题意的答案。

一般以文字应用题为主，需要使用计算技巧来快速解决计算量较大的题目。

行程问题、工程问题、排列组合和概率问题是数学应用问题中比较常见的题型。

常用的方法为整除法、代入排除法等重要方法。

第三种题型：资料分析。

给出一段资料(文字、图表或数据)，要求报考者通过对资料所提供的信息进行分析、比较、计算，找出最符合题意的答案。

资料分析难度并不大，材料短，其中文字型、表格型、图形材料出现较多，阅读量不大，数据关系也比较简单。

增长、倍数、比重是常见的考点概念，整体计算量适中。

二、《基本素质测验——言语理解与表达能力》本部分均为单项选择题，每小题给出的4个选项中，只有1个选项符合题意，不选、多选或错选，均不得分。

2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试 (上海卷)

2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试（上海卷）语文试题考生注意：1、本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

2、答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

3、答题纸与试卷在试卷编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

4、答题时间150分钟。

试题满分150分。

一阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成1—6题。

（18分）受众的新闻素养：能力和意愿①新闻作为一种媒体信息，本应有助于人们了解事情的真相，如信息论的提出者香农就曾把信息定义为“不确定性的消除”，然而信息也会增加人们对真相认识的不确定性。

尤其在这个信息爆炸的时代，如何摆脱这种困境？除了优化信息环境外，更现实的途径是提高受众的新闻素养。

②在信息时代，批判性地解读和使用媒体信息应是社会成员的基本技能。

为什么在今天要特别强调受众的“新闻素养”？这是由新闻的性质和当今新闻的发展趋势决定的。

新闻是帮助公民自治的必要信息，和其他出于私人利益或兴趣而获得的信息不同，它关乎社会群体的公共利益，最终会影响私人生活。

而随着信息技术的发展、商业文化的介入、新闻发布门槛的降低，新闻与评论、娱乐、宣传的界线不再像从前那样清晰，“准新闻”甚至“伪新闻”层出不穷。

③新闻受众应该提高自己的新闻辨别能力，对不同来源的信息设置不同的警惕值，这样才能使自己变得明智。

如何批判性地解读新闻？受众可以从以下几个方面加以考虑：1．报道有无确切的来源？来源可靠吗？2．报道的内容完整吗？是否包含事件的时间、地点、人物、原因、经过等要素？假如不完整，原因是什么？3．报道者提供了什么证据？这些证据是怎样检验或核实的？4．这则新闻除了报道事件外，是否还有其他意图？④有人认为受众都是愿意看到真相的，他们欠缺的仅仅是辨别能力，然而现实中相当多的受众首先欠缺的是寻求事实真相的意愿。

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国大纲卷)

语文试题第Ⅰ卷一、（12分，每小题3分）1．下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是（B ）A ．龃龉．（y ǔ) 系．鞋带(xi) 舐．犊情深（shi) 曲．意逢迎（qū) B ．倜傥．(t ǎng) 纤．维素（xiān ) 羽扇纶．巾(guān ) 针砭．时弊(biān ) C ．感喟．(kuì) 揭疮．疤（chuāng ) 按捺．不住（nài) 大相径．庭（jing) D ．霰．弹 (xiàn ) 涮．羊肉（shuàn) 以儆．效尤（j ǐng) 纵横捭．阖必（bì) 2．下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是（A ）A ．在评价某些历史人物时，我们不能只是简单地对他们盖棺论定．．．．，，还应该学科网特别注意研究他们的人生经历和思想变化轨迹。

B ．这把吉他是我最要好的朋友出国前存在我这里的，本来说存一年，结果朋友一直没回来，这吉他到现在巳经由我敝帚自珍．．．．了十年。

C ．最美的是小镇的春天，草长莺飞，风声鹤唳．．．．，走进小镇就如同置身于世外桃源，来此旅游的人一定会被这里的美丽景色深深吸引。

D ．这个剧院的大型话剧、歌剧等演出票价不菲，让许多有艺术爱好而又收入不高的普通人叹为观止．．．．，无法亲临现场享受艺术大餐。

3．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是答：DA ．有的人看够了城市的繁华，喜欢到一些人迹罕至的地方去游玩，但这是有风险的，近年来已经发生了多次背包客被困野山的案情。

B ．他家离铁路不远，小时候常常去看火车玩儿，火车每当鸣着汽笛从他身边飞驰而过时，他就很兴奋，觉得自己也被赋予了一种力量。

学科网C ．新“旅游法”的颁布实施，让很多旅行社必须面对新规定带来的各种新问题，不少旅行社正从过去拼价格向未来拼服务转型的阵痛。

D ．哈大高铁施行新的运行计划后，哈尔滨至北京、上海等地的部分列车也将进一步压缩运行时间，为广大旅客快捷出行提供更多选择。

2014年上海春季高考数学试卷(word文档良心出品)

注：2014年上海春季高考数学试卷由学考试卷（120分）+春考试卷（30分）组成2014年上海市普通高中学业水平考试数学试卷一、填空题（本大题满分36分） 1．若416x=，则___x =2．计算：(1)______i i +=（i 为虚数单位）3．1、1、2、2、5这五个数的中位数是 4．若函数3()f x x a =+为奇函数，则实数___a = 5．点(0,0)O 到直线40x y +-=的距离是6．函数11y x =+的反函数为 7．已知等差数列{}n a 的首项为1，公差为2，则该数列的前n 项和___n S =8．已知1cos 3α=，则cos 2___α= 9．已知a 、b R +∈。

若1a b +=，则ab 的最大值是10．在10件产品中，有3件次品，从中随机取出5件，则恰含1件次品的概率是（结果用数值表示） 11．某货船在O 处看灯塔M 在北偏东30︒方向，它以每小时18海里的速度向正北方向航行，经过40分钟到达B 处，看到灯塔M 在北偏东75︒方向，此时货船到灯塔M 的距离为海里。

12．已知函数2()1x f x x -=-与()1g x mx m =+-的图像相交于A 、B 两点。

若动点P 满足2PA PB +=，则P 的轨迹方程为二、选择题（本大题满分36分）13．两条异面直线所成的角的范围是（）()A (0,)2π； ()B (0,]2π； ()C [0,)2π； ()D [0,]2π。

14．复数2i +（i 为虚数单位）的共轭复数为（）()A 2i -； ()B 2i -+； ()C 2i --； ()D 12i +。

15．右图是下列函数中某个函数的部分图像，则该函数是（） ()A sin y x =；()B sin 2y x =；()C cos y x =；()D cos 2y x =。

16．在4(1)x +的二项展开式中，2x 项的系数为（）()A 6； ()B 4； ()C 2； ()D 1。

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国大纲卷)数学试题(文科)解析版

2014年普通高等学校统一考试（大纲）文科第Ⅰ卷（共60分）一、选择题：本大题共12个小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.设集合，则中元素的个数为（）A ．2B ．3C ．5D ．72.已知角的终边经过点，则（）A ．B ．C ．D ．3.不等式组的解集为（）A ．B ．C ．D ．4.已知正四面体ABCD 中，E 是AB 的中点，则异面直线CE 与BD 所成角的余弦值为（） A ．B ．C ．D ．{1,2,4,6,8},{1,2,3,5,6,7}M N ==MN α(4,3)-cos α=453535-45-(2)0||1x x x +>⎧⎨<⎩{|21}x x -<<-{|10}x x -<<{|01}x x <<{|1}x x>1661335.函数的反函数是（）A ．B ．C ．D ．6.已知为单位向量，其夹角为，则（） A ．-1 B ．0 C ．1 D ．27. 有6名男医生、5名女医生，从中选出2名男医生、1名女医生组成一个医疗小组，则不同的选法共有（）A ．60种B ．70种C ．75种D ．150种8.设等比数列的前n 项和为，若则（） A ．31 B ．32 C ．63 D ．641)(1)y x =>-3(1)(1)x y e x =->-3(1)(1)xy e x =->-3(1)()x y e x R =-∈3(1)()xy e x R =-∈a b 、60(2)a b b -∙={}n a n S 243,15,S S ==6S =9. 已知椭圆C ：的左、右焦点为、，离心率为，过的直线交C 于A 、B 两点，若的周长为C 的方程为（）A ．B ．C ．D ．10.正四棱锥的顶点都在同一球面上，若该棱锥的高位4，底面边长为2，则该球的表面积为（） A．B ．C ．D ．11.双曲线C ：的离心率为2，则C的焦距等于（）A ．2B ．C ．4D ．22221x y a b+=(0)a b >>1F 2F 32F l 1AF B ∆22132x y +=2213x y +=221128x y +=221124x y +=814π16π9π274π22221(0,0)x y a b a b-=>>12.奇函数的定义域为R ，若为偶函数，且，则（） A ．-2 B ．-1 C ．0 D ．1第Ⅱ卷（共90分）二、填空题（每题5分，满分20分，将答案填在答题纸上）13. 的展开式中的系数为 .（用数字作答）14.函数的最大值为 .()f x (2)f x +(1)1f =(8)(9)f f +=6(2)x -3x cos 22sin y x x =+15. 设x 、y 满足约束条件，则的最大值为 .16. 直线和是圆的两条切线，若与的交点为（1,3），则与的夹角的正切值等于 .三、解答题（本大题共6小题. 解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.）（17）（本小题满分10分）数列{a n }满足a 1=1，a 2=2，a n+2=2a n+1-a n +2.（1）设b n =a n+1-a n ，证明{b n }是等差数列；（2）求数列{a n }的通项公式.解：（1）由a n+2=2a n+1-a n +2得a n+2- a n+1=a n+1-a n +2，即b n+1=b n +2,又b 1=a 2-a 1=1. 所以{b n }是首项为1，公差为2的等差数列；（1）由（1）得b n =1+2（n-1），即a n+1-a n =2n-1.于是于是a n -a 1=n 2-2n ，即a n =n 2-2n +1+a 1.又a 1=1，所以{a n }的通项公式为a n =n 2-2n +2.（18）（本小题满分10分）02321x y x y x y -≥⎧⎪+≤⎨⎪-≤⎩4z x y =+1l 2l 222x y +=1l 2l 1l 2l 111()(21)nnk k k k a a k +==-=-∑∑△ABC的内角A,B,C的对边分别是a，b，c，已知3acosC=2ccosA,tanA=,求B.解：由题设和正弦定理得，3sinAcosC=2sinCcosA,所以3tanAcosC=2sinC.因为tanA=，所以cosC=2sinC.tanC=.所以tanB=tan[180-(A+C)]=-tan(a+c)==-1,即B=135.（19）（本小题满分12分）如图，三棱柱ABC-A1B1C1中，点A1在平面ABC内的射影D在AC上，∠ACB=90，BC=1，AC=CC1=2.(1)证明：AC1⊥A1B;(2)设直线AA1与平面BCC1B1，求二面角A1-AB-C的大小.解法一：（1）∵A1D⊥平面ABC, A1D平面AA1C1C,故平面AA1C1C⊥平面ABC,又BC⊥AC，所以BC⊥平面AA1C1C，连结A1C，因为侧面AA1C1C是棱形，所以AC1⊥A1C,由三垂线定理的AC1⊥A1B.(2) BC⊥平面AA1C1C，BC平面BCC1B1,故平面AA1C1C⊥平面BCC1B1,作A1E⊥C1C,E为垂足，则A1E⊥平面BCC1B1,又直线A A1∥平面BCC1B1，因而A1E为直线A A1与平面BCC1B1间的距离，A1，因为A1C为∠ACC1的平分线，故A1D=A1131312︒tan tan1tan tanA CA C+--︒︒⊂⊂作DF ⊥AB ，F 为垂足，连结A 1F,由三垂线定理得A 1F ⊥AB ，故∠A 1FD 为二面角A 1-AB-C 的平面角，由,得D 为AC 的中点，DF=,tan ∠A 1FD=,所以二面角A 1-AB-C的大小为解法二：以C为坐标原点，射线CA 为x 轴的正半轴，以CB 的长为单位长，建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系C-x y z ，由题设知A 1D 与z 轴平行，z 轴在平面AA 1C 1C 内. （1）设A 1（a ，0，c ），由题设有a ≤2，A （2,0,0）B （0,1,0），则(-2，1，0),，，由，即，于是①,所以.（2）设平面BCC 1B 1的法向量，则，,即，因，故y=0，且（a-2）x -c z =0，令x =c ，则z =2-a ，，点A到平面BCC 1B 1的距离为，又依题设，点A 到平面BCC 1B 1的距c=.代入①得a=3（舍去）或a=1.于是，设平面ABA 1的法向量，则,即.且-2p +q =0，令p，则q，r=1，，又为1=12AC BC AB ⨯⨯=1A DDF=AF =1(2,0,0),(2,0,)AC AA a c =-=-111(4,0,),(,1,)AC AC AA a c BA a c =+=-=-12AA =2=2240a a c -+=11AC BA ⋅=2240a a c -+=11AC BA ⊥(,,)m x y z =m CB ⊥1,m CB m BB ⊥⊥10,0m CB m BB ⋅=⋅=11(0,1,0),(2,0,)CB BB AA a c ==-(,0,2)m c a =-cos ,CA m CA m CA c mc ⋅⋅<>===1(1AA =-(,,)n p q r =1,n AA n AB ⊥⊥10,0n AA n AB ⋅=⋅=0p -=(3,2n =(0,0,1)p =平面ABC 的法向量，故cos ，所以二面角A 1-AB-C 的大小为arccos20. （本小题满分12分）设每个工作日甲、乙、丙、丁4人需使用某种设备的概率分别是0.6，0.5,0.5,0.4，各人是否使用设备相互独立，（1）求同一工作日至少3人需使用设备的概率；(2)实验室计划购买k 台设备供甲、乙、丙、丁使用，若要求“同一工作日需使用设备的人数大于k ”的概率小于0.1，求k 的最小值.解：记A i 表示事件：同一工作日乙、丙中恰有i 人需使用设备，i=0,1,2.B 表示事件：甲需使用设备.C 表示事件：丁需使用设备.D 表示事件：同一工作日至少3人需使用设备.E 表示事件：同一工作日4人需使用设备.F 表示事件：同一工作日需使用设备的人数大于k. （1）D=A 1·B ·C+A 2·B+A 2··CP(B)=0.6，P(C)=0.4，P(A i )=.所以P(D)=P(A 1·B ·C+A 2·B+A 2··C )= P(A 1·B ·C)+P(A 2·B)+P(A 2··C ) = P(A 1P)·P(B)·P(C)+P(A 2)·P(B)+P(A 2)·p ()·p (C )=0.31. (2)由（1）知，若k=3，则P(F)==0.31>0.1.又E=B ·C ·A 2,P(E)=P(B ·C ·A 2)= P(B)·P(C)·P(A 2)=0.06；若k=4，则P(F)=0.06<0.1. 所以k 的最小值为3.21. （本小题满分12分）函数f(x )=a x 3+3x 2+3x (a ≠0).（1）讨论函数f(x )的单调性；（2）若函数f(x )在区间（1，2）是增函数，求a 的取值范围.解：（1），的判别式△=36（1-a ）. （i ）若a ≥1，则，且当且仅当a=1，x =-1，故此时f （x ）在R 上是增函数.1,4n p n p n p⋅<>==14B 220.5,0,1,2i C i ⨯=B B B 2()363f x ax x '=++2()3630f x ax x '=++=()0f x '≥()0f x '=（ii ）由于a ≠0，故当a<1时，有两个根：，若0<a<1,则当x ∈（－，x 2）或x ∈（x 1，+）时，，故f （x ）在（－，x 2），（x 1，+）上是增函数；当x ∈（x 2，x 1）时，，故f （x ）在（x 2，x 1）上是减函数；（2）当a>0，x >0时, ，所以当a>0时，f （x ）在区间（1，2）是增函数. 若a<0时，f （x ）在区间（1,2）是增函数当且仅当且，解得. 综上，a 的取值范围是. 22. （本小题满分12分）已知抛物线C:的焦点为F ，直线y=4与y 轴的交点为P ，与C 的交点为Q ，且. (1)求抛物线C 的方程；(2)过F 的直线l 与C 相交于A,B 两点，若AB 的垂直平分线与C 相交于M,N 两点，且A,M,B,N 四点在同一个圆上，求直线l 的方程.解：（1）设Q （x 0，4），代入由中得x 0=，所以，由题设得，解得p =－2（舍去）或p =2.所以C 的方程为.（2）依题意知直线l 与坐标轴不垂直，故可设直线l 的方程为，（m ≠0）代入中得，()0f x '=12x x ==∞∞()0f x '>∞∞()0f x '<()0f x '>(1)0f '≥(2)0f '≥504a -≤<5[,0)(0,)4-+∞22(0)y px p =>54QF PQ =l '22(0)y px p =>8p088,22p p PQ QF x p p ==+=+85824p p p+=⨯24y x =1x my =+24y x =2440y my --=设A （x 1,y 1）,B(x 2,y 2),则y 1+y 2=4m ，y 1y 2=－4，故AB 的中点为D （2m 2+1,2m ），，有直线的斜率为－m ，所以直线的方程为，将上式代入中，并整理得. 设M(x 3,y 3),N(x 4,y 4),则. 故MN的中点为E（）. 由于MN 垂直平分AB ，故A,M,B,N 四点在同一个圆上等价于,从而,即，化简得 m 2-1=0，解得m =1或m =－1，所以所求直线l 的方程为x -y-1=0或x +y-1=02124(1)AB y m =-=+l 'l '2123x y m m=-++24y x =2244(23)0y y m m+-+=234344,4(23)y y y y m m+=-=-+23422223,),m MN y y m m ++-=-=12AE BE MN ==2221144AB DE MN +=222222224224(1)(21)4(1)(2)(2)m m m m m m m+++++++=。

2014上海市事业单位考试大纲解读

2014上海市事业单位考试大纲解读考试方法和内容1、考试方法：分笔试和面试。

2、笔试科目：《基本素质测验》和《综合应用能力》。

3、笔试时间和地点：笔试定于2014年11月2日下午进行，笔试具体时间和地点以网上下载打印的准考证为准。

4、笔试成绩和面试分数线于2014年12月3日10:00起公布，考生自行登录报名系统查询。

5、面试事宜由用人单位另行通知，未进入面试的考生不再另行通知。

1( 单选题)高压锅能使饭菜熟得更快，其主要原因是（）。

A. 防止散热B. 加强热传递C. 加强热对流D. 增大锅内压强，提高沸点收起解析纠错想听老师讲收藏本题正确答案是D，你没有回答这道题。

来源广东（下半年）2005考点物理解析高压锅是个全密闭的容器，加热时，高压锅内的水快速汽化，从而快速提升高压锅内的气压。

而气压越高，沸点越高。

这样高压锅内的水沸腾时温度会很高，远远超过100℃，饭菜熟得更快。

因此，本题选择D选项拓展公考必须掌握的日用电器考点2( 单选题)电能是用途最广泛的能源之一，它属于（）。

A. 一次能源B. 二次能源C. 可再生能源D. 不可再生能源解析一次能源是指自然界中以现成形式存在的，不经过任何改变或转换的天然资源，即从自然界中直接取得并不改变其形态和品位的能源，有原煤、原油、天然气、风能、太阳能、地热能、海洋能、核能、生物质能等。

二次能源是指为了满足生产工艺和生活的特定需要以及合理利用能源，将一次能源直接或间接加工转换产生的其他类型和形式的人工能源。

电能主要来自其他形式能量的转换，包括水能（水力发电）、热能（火力发电）、原子能（原子能发电）、风能（风力发电）、化学能（电池）及光能（光电池、太阳能电池等）等，属于二次能源。

因此，本题选择B选项拓展能源分类3( 单选题)神舟六号载人飞船点火升空后最先抛掉的是（）。

A. 整流罩B. 助推器C. 逃逸塔D. 二级火箭解析神舟六号飞船点火后第120秒，火箭成功抛掉逃逸塔。

2014考试大纲

2014年起考试不再区分县以上、县以下人员，以考察上机操作能力为主，取消原知识部分选择试题，只考上机操作试题，所有考生按申报评审职称级别分为高、中、初三个等级。

初级考试内容为本考试大纲A级部分，中级考试内容包括A、B级两个部分，高级考试内容包括A、B、C级三个部分。

.考试时间为 3-4 月份。

考试时长为75分钟。

1 A级考试大纲1.1基本要求1.1.1 信息技术应用基础知识1、熟悉PC（个人计算机）各组成部分的选购常识。

2、了解CPU的概念，了解当前热门CPU产品的基本知识。

3、了解操作系统的功能和作用，了解应用软件的基本概念，了解软件产权保护的基本知识。

4、了解MP3、MP4、数码相机、数码摄像机的特点与使用。

5、了解计算机病毒、木马的防范措施和清除手段。

1.1.2 Windows XP操作系统1、了解Windows XP操作系统的特点。

2、熟练掌握Windows XP的基本操作：启动、关闭、睡眠、休眠、桌面、任务栏等。

3、熟练掌握文件、文件夹、快捷方式的概念及常用操作。

4、熟练掌握资源管理器的使用。

5、掌握“回收站”的功能及操作。

6、了解控制面板的主要作用。

7、熟练掌握一种中文输入法及输入法切换操作。

8、掌握常用工具软件的使用。

1.1.3Word 2003文字处理1、了解Word 2003文字处理软件的功能及特点，熟练掌握Word 2003的启动和退出操作。

2、熟练掌握文档的创建、打开、关闭、保存、合并、另存为操作。

3、熟练掌握常用文档编辑操作。

4、熟练掌握排版的基本操作。

5、掌握文字的艺术处理、边框和底纹的设置。

6、熟练掌握表格的基本操作。

7、熟练掌握图文混排基本操作。

1.1.4 因特网1、了解因特网的应用分类、接入方式等基本知识。

2、熟练掌握IE浏览器的基本操作，上网浏览、文件下载和信息搜索，了解IE的常用设置。

3、了解电子邮件的基本知识。

4、熟练掌握使用在线邮箱进行电子邮件的撰写、收发、阅读、回复、转发，了解通讯簿的使用。

2014年上海春季高考试卷讲评

12.（6分）文章针对人们对山寨现象的不同看法，分析了现有规则产生的经济、文化和社会背景（2分），分析了现有规则的价值和意义（2 分），及排斥现有规则的后果（2分）。
13.（5分）作者的论述是严谨的。第（5）段画线句的表述，作者使用了“并不都是”来作部分否定，段中说“许多”这类规则是由大国制定的，也没有作绝对、完全的判断，所以文章虽然在第（7）段中肯定现行规则的道德和现实的价值和意义，但论述仍是严谨的。
25.C 26.A 27.答案示例：文章通过记叙铁炉步名存实亡这件事，揭露了高门大族假冒才德、欺骗世人的行径，批判了世人只重名号、不重才德的社会风气，有历史的进步意义和现实的警示意义。
写作
请以“智慧阅读”为题，写一篇文章。要求：（1）不少于700字；（2）不要写成诗歌；（3）不得透露个人相关信息。
17.答案示例：（事实论据；理论论据）滴水可以穿石，沙袋可以抵挡子弹，绳锯木断等，水能使铁生锈；风能使河流干涸；天下莫柔弱于水，而攻坚强者莫之能胜，以其无以易之。弱之胜强，柔之胜刚，天下莫不知，莫能行
18.（1）白云回望合（2）迷花倚石忽已暝（3）一一风荷举（4）善假于物也（5）遥怜小儿女
19.词牌（词牌名） 20.B 21.答案示例：“中原乱”表达了作者国破家亡的伤痛之情； “簪缨散”表达了作者对当权者不抗金的愤慨； “几时收”表达了作者对恢复中原的期盼。
22.(1)侍奉 (2)没有才能（3)比得上，如，及（4)背着 23.B 24.(1)答案示例：你们看廉将军和秦王相比，哪一个（更厉害）？（2）答案示例：我这样做的原因，是因为把国家利益放在前面而把个人的恩怨放在后面（以国家之急为先以个人私仇为后）。

2014年上海会考历史考试大纲

B《汉穆拉比法典》
A 古代埃及的地理位置 A 高度集权的法老专制统治 A 金字塔与来世信仰 A 象形文字与纸草
B 种姓制度
A 佛教的创立、经典、传播
A 印第安文明的杰出代表 A 玛雅人对农业的贡献 A 古代希腊的地理位置 A来自城邦的基本特征 A“古典时代”
C 雅典民主政治
A《荷马史诗》 A 帕特农神庙 A 哲学与史学
A 罗马共和国的开始 A 罗马帝国
公元前 509 年，罗马废除了“王政”，改行共和制度，开始了近 500 年的罗马共和国时期。公元前 27 年屋大维被元老院授予“奥古斯都”称号，罗马历史也就以此为标志进入了帝国时代。罗马的统治疆域达到了最大规模，形成为一个地跨欧，亚，非三大洲的环地中海大帝国。在危机的冲击下罗马帝国分裂为两大部分：以君士坦丁堡为都城的“东罗马帝国”和以罗马为都城的“西罗马帝国”。公元 476 年，西罗马帝国的末代皇帝被废黜。这一事件是西罗马帝国灭亡的标志，也是欧洲古代历史终结的标志。公元 1 世纪，耶稣创立了基督教。经典被称作圣经。包括《旧约全书》和《新约全书》
世界古代史
A 两河流域的地理位置 A 楔形文字两河流域是指亚洲西部底格里斯河与幼发拉底河流经的区域。古希腊人称之为“美索不达米亚”，意为“两河之间的地方”。楔形文字，又被称为“钉头文字，因其书写笔画的形状酷似木楔或钉子而得名，是迄今为止被发现的最古老的文字之一，也是古代两河流域最主要的文化成就。《汉穆拉比法典》意义：是汉穆拉比留给后人最重要的历史遗产，集古代两河流域各国原有法律之大成。汉穆拉比制定这部法典的目的：为了更有效地规范王国的社会秩序，进一步巩固王国的统治。《汉穆拉比法典》的地位：是目前已知的世界历史上第一部比较完备的成文法典。《汉穆拉比法典》的价值：比较清楚地展示了古巴比伦王国的社会状况，是了解和研究古巴比伦王国历史的第一手文献。古代埃及位于非洲东北部，其地理位置与今天的阿拉伯埃及共和国大致相当。古代埃及国家实行高度集权的专制统治。法老是拥有绝对权威的专制君主，集政治、军事、经济、司法和宗教大权于一身。他强化王权神授的观念，自奉为神或神的后裔，将自己的意志视为法律，拥有对全国土地的支配权，并控制着所有军队，掌握了从中央到地方的高级官吏的任免权。金字塔是古代埃及法老为自己修筑的陵墓。金字塔是古代埃及法老专制权力的象征，它向世人展示了法老至高无上的权威。金字塔也是古代埃及人来世信仰的具体体现。古代埃及人早在公元前 3500 年以前就发明了象形文字。这种文字因其字形与各种具体事物的形态相像而得名。古代埃及人最初以刻刀和石头做书写工具，后来纸草的使用最为普遍。社会分裂为婆罗门、刹帝利、吠舍和首陀罗四大种姓集团。特点：四大种姓在理论上皆为职业世袭、内部联姻和排斥外人的社会集团。各自的法律地位、社会权利和宗教生活均不相同。影响：种姓制度造成印度社会阶层的隔离，障碍了社会成员的流动，对印度社会的发展产生了重大影响。创立：早期佛教倡导宗教领域内的“众生平等”，因此获得广泛的社会支持，传播迅速。相传佛教创始人为悉达多。经典：总称为大藏经，由于内容主要有经藏、律藏和论藏三部分组成，所以又称为三藏经或三藏。传播：公元前 3 世纪，佛教主要向东亚和东南亚传播，逐渐发展为世界性宗教。中美洲的玛雅文化、阿兹特克文化和南美洲的印加文化就是其中的杰出代表。玛雅人长于农耕，用金石工具，从野生植物中培育了包括玉米、马铃薯、西红柿、可可、烟草在内的 40 多种农作物，后来都陆续传播到世界各地，极大地丰富和改善了人类的生活。除了希腊半岛、爱琴海诸岛和爱奥尼亚群岛之外，还包括小亚细亚半岛西部沿海地区。古代希腊城邦一般是以一座城市为中心、连带周边乡村地区而形成的独立国家，以小国寡民为基本特征。古代希腊历史上的“古典时代”。这是社会经济、政治、文化高度发展的繁荣时期，也是古代希腊城邦制度的全盛时期。雅典城邦的民主政治以成年男性公民的直接参与为核心。它是在广大平民与氏族贵族长达 100 多年的斗争过程中逐步形成和确立起来的，是平民在斗争中逐渐战胜氏族贵族的结果。公元前 594 年的“梭伦改革”和公元前 508 年的“克利斯提尼改革”是民主政治建立过程中的两个里程碑。伯里克利连续当选为雅典十将军委员会的首席将军，开创了雅典历史上的“伯里克利时代”。影响：以伯里克利时代为代表的雅典民主政治，是古代希腊城邦社会中先进的政治制度，它有利于调动城邦公民的积极性，有利于推动社会经济和文化的进步。然而它毕竟只是城邦公民内部的民主，而且只有成年男性公民才真正享有民主权利，妇女、外邦人和奴隶则都被排斥在外。古代希腊人创作的《荷马史诗》，是世界文学宝库中的瑰宝。建成于“伯里克利时代”，是典型的多利亚柱式建筑，也是古代希腊建筑艺术的杰出代表。三大哲人：苏格拉底、柏拉图、亚里士多德古代希腊的历史学诞生于古典时代，是以希罗多德的名字及其《历史》为标志的。

2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（笫1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. policewoman. B. A judge. C. A reporter. D. A waitress.2. A. Confident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Worried.3. A. At a restaurant. B. At a car rental agency.C. In a bank.D. In a driving school.4. A. A disaster. B. A new roof. C. A performance. D. A TV station.5. A. Catch the train. B. Meet Jane.C. Get some stationery.D. Clean the backyard.6. A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes.C. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.7. A. Use a computer in the lab. B. Take a chemistry course.C. Help him revise his report.D. Gel her computer repaired.8. A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Shocked. D. Sympathetic.9. A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B. She has already told the man about her plan.C. She isn’t planning to leave her university.D. She recently visited a different university.10. A. It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It misinterpreted the mayor’s speech.C. It made the mayor’s view clearer.D. It earned the mayor’s speech accurately. Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 70 B. 20 C. 25. D. 7512. A. The houses there can't be B. It is a place for work and holiday.C. he cabins and facilitiesD. It is run by the residents themselves.13. A. A skiing B. A special communityC. A splendid mountainD. A successful businesswomanQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Those who often sent text messages. B. Those who suffered from heart disease.C. Those who did no physical exercise.D. whose who were unmarried15. A. They responded more slowly than usual. B. They sent more messages.C. They typed 10 percent faster on average.D. They edited more passages.16. A. Why chemical therapy works. B. Why marriage helps fight cantC. How unmarried people surviveD. How cancer is detected after marriage. Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Trav elers’ Survey SheetTravel purpose: for a(n) 17 in LondonComments on the airport environment / facilities:Likes: • 18• 19 walkwaysDislikes:• 20 shops•small trolleysBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) ______ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30) ______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town . Not until I returned (32) ______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.(B)The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shopVillagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is (33)______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine (34)______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35)______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36)______. The result is what amounts to hugeoutdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far (37)______ (appropriate)In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38)______ force village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39)______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (40)______these villages without a local shop.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. alertB. classifyC. commitD. delicatelyE. gentleF. imposeG. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simplyLet's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food __41__ at the supermarket. Since you really__42__ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it ? This is where a "choice architect" can help__43__some of the burden of doing it all your self. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket- including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.Governments don't have to__44__healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with__45__hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system " to __46__foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains__47__by looking at the lights on the package. A green light __48__that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be__49__; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in __50__. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple 51 .Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we 52 do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult 53 situations involvingchildren, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural 54 , of both time and words ? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really 55 issues.Dunbar 56 the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—57 , he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the 58 of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or 59 from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 60 that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the 61 it provided; on the other hand, the big ger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to 62 the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in groomingactivities also had to be 63 to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more 64 kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one 65 contact.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secretSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator（猎食动物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How ? They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay the ir eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand andstart fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either.66. A plover protects its young from a predator by______.A. getting closer to its youngB. driving away the adult predatorC. leaving its young in another nestD. pretending to be injured67. By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means_ _____.A. chimps are ready to attack othersB. chimps are sometimes dishonestC. chimps are jealous of the winnersD. chimps can be selfish too68. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do animals lie?B. Does Mother Nature fool animals?C. How do animals learn to lie?D. How does honesty help animals survive?(B)Let's say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year. How do you make that ha ppen? Consider putting the habit loop to use.Here's how it works:A habit is a 3-step process. First, there's a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Then there's a routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior. It's what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own.Here's how to apply it:Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick. a reward-say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?70. Which of the following best fits in the box with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP?A. Pick a new cue.B. Form a new habit.C. Choose a new reward.D. Design a new resolution.71. According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by_____ _.A. changing the routineB. trying it for a weekC. adjusting your goalD. writing it down72. What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A. To test out different kinds of cues.B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.C. To work out the best New Year's resolution.D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.73. “This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this re solution?A. The Harry Potter poster.B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C. An English newspaper.D. Watching TV for half an hour.(C)If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star?A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is theexact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."74. The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting75. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes76. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character, ______.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them77. It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantlySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In somecompanies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk tonon-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct（行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks.All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular.Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）：it is just good business.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WO RDS)78. Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.79. Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.80. With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________.81. According to the passage, "good business" (paragraph 6) means that corporations ___ _____ while making profits.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the br ackets.1. 我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。

2014年春考试卷

2014上海市普通高等学校春季招生考试语文试卷考生注意：1．试卷满分150分，考试时间150分钟。

2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试题分选择题和非选择题两种类型。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

4．作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

选择题的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，非选择题的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。

一、阅读 90分(一)阅读下文，完成第1—4题。

(8分)①人们的生活实践要求彼此交际，相互交流经验、交流思想。

在没有文字的）有知识的人把他们的经验和。

②传说是靠口耳相传的。

它的基础是人的记忆，但是人们的记忆总是有限的。

传说在被人们互相转述的时代，往往．．会有所遗漏或添加。

因此一个传说，经过若干人的口传以后，可能会变得离原样很远，内容的真实性也受到很大的影响。

③在远古时代，传说是人们获得知识的主要途径。

我们现在关于远古时代一鳞．半爪．的知识，也是靠着这种传说保留下来的。

有些最古的著作，例如古希腊史诗《伊里亚特》和《奥德赛》，当初就是这样流传下来的。

1．第①段的“（）”处标点使用正确的一项（）。

(2分)A．破折号．分号 C．顿号 D．逗号2）（2分）A．炼．练 C．拣 D．冻3．“一鳞．半爪．”中加点字的注音正确的一项是（）（2分）A．lín zhǎo B．lín zhuǎ C．líng zhǎo D．líng zhuǎ4．结合文意，分析第②段中的“往往”一词在表达上的作用。

(2分)(二)阅读下文，完成第5—7题。

(9分)①诗生于大众，成于大众。

大众的原始表达是诗性特征生发的前提。

大众诗性表达的需求，是诗歌存在的依据。

从民歌到诗歌，诗在传诵中存活，在流动中成熟。

群众的喜好、相传、加工，是诗歌在文体上独立并成为社会公有之物的必要过程，没有这个过程便没有诗歌。

就一个民族而言，对诗性的感知和确认，是集体的共识，不是单个人或少数人的自我命名。

2014年_上海市高考数学考试大纲

2014年_上海市高考数学考试大纲一、二、三、试卷结构及相关说明1.题型整卷含有填空题、选择题和解答题三种题型，填空题和选择题占总分的50%，解答题占总分的50%左右。

2.考试目标和内容占总分的比例按测量目标划分，数学基本知识和基本技能占40%左右，逻辑思维能力、运算能力、空间想象能力占40%左右，分析问题与解决问题能力、数学探究与创新能力占20%左右。

按课程内容划分，数与运算、方程与代数、函数与分析、数据整理与概率统计在试卷中占分的比率为65%-70%，图形与集合在试卷中占分的比率为35%-30%。

3.试卷难易度比例试题按相对难度分为容易题、中等题、较难题。

这三种题的试题原则上分别占总分的40%、40%、20%左右，三种题型的试题原则上按由易到难的顺序排列。

4.考试形式与试卷总分考试形式为闭卷书面，试卷包括试题纸和答题纸两部分。

考生答题必须将答案全部做在答题纸黑边框规定的区域内。

试卷总分为150分。

5.考试时间考试时间为120分钟。

6.携带计算器的规定根据沪教考院高招[2002]38号文件：“对进入考场的计算器品牌和型号不作规定，单附带计算器功能的无线通讯工具、记忆存储等设备和附带无线通讯功能、记忆存储功能、具有图像功能的计算器不得带入考场。

”四、考察内容与要求根据《上海市中小学数学课程标准（试行稿）》（2004年10月第二版）的安排，考试内容和要求如下：本学科考试将认知水平分为三个层次.文、理科共同考察内容和要求方程与代数函数与分析图形与集合数据整理与概率统计数与运算文科考查内容和要求理科考查内容和要求。

2014年英语学业考春考

201 4 年上海市普通高中学业水平考试英语试卷考生注意：1．本试卷共8 页，满分100 分，考试时间90 分钟。

2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括选择题和非选择题两种题型。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

4．作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

选择题（第1 - 3 小题、8 - 17 小题、28 - 48 小题）的作答必须全部涂写在答题纸上相应的区域。

非选择题（第4 - 7 小题、18 - 27 小题、49 - 57 小题及写作部分）的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。

I.Listening Comprehension ( 共10 分)Section A ( 共6 分，每小题2 分)Directions: In Section A, you will hear one short passage, and you will be asked three questions on the passage. The passage will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once . When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 1 through 3 are based on the following passage.1. A. To give animals a home. B. To seek pleasure.C. To create a public zoo.D. To study animals.2. A . They are bigger in size. B. More special animals are kept there.C . They are more nature - like. D. More baby animals are born there.3. A. The development of zoos. B. The origin of zoos.C . The founder of zoos. D. The variety of zoos.Section B ( 共4 分，每小题1 分)Directions: In Section B, you will hear one conversation. The conversation will be read twice. After you hear the conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 4 through 7 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each blank.Price : $400 per nightII.Grammar and Vocabulary ( 共30 分)Section A ( 共10 分，每小题1 分)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.8.The two sisters were so busy last night that of them had time to look after the baby.A. eitherB. neitherC. anyD. none9 . Eric likes most about Shanghai is probably its wide variety of food.A. ThatB. WhereC. WhichD. What10.Whether or not your role models are famous, they should be people worth .A . to copyB . to be copied C. copying D. being copied11.Some teens cannot be controlled by their parents, the parents try hard to control them.A. even ifB. as thoughC. now thatD. in case12.Harry to take violin lessons when a friend of his father’s played for him.A. inspiredB. inspiresC. was inspiredD. is inspired13.I n the novel by Peters, the film is based, the main character is a teenager.A. from whomB. with whomC. on whichD. in which14.Scientists are studying animals to look for proof they have feelings similar to ours.A. thatB. whatC. whetherD. which15.In the afternoon, Tom and Jerry sat side by side, how they could solve that problem.A. discussedB. having discussedC. to have discussedD. discussing16.Some parents argue that it is their job to get their kids in community service.A. to involveB. involve dC. involvingD. involve17.I think it is always the people who have the same culture can share their feelings.A. whichB. whatC. asD. thatSection B ( 共10 分，每小题1 分)Directions: Read the text below. Use the word given in the brackets to form a word that fits in the space.It was a rainy morning two years ago. Shirley Huxham was cycling 18 (gentle) downhill. As she waved to a friend, he r bike slid uncontrollably on the wet road, throwing her to the ground. “I’d never even thought of buying a helmet,” she says. For months she was partly paralysed (瘫痪) down her left side and still has 19 (healthy) problems today.Some might think that Shirley was just unlucky. How 20 (danger) can it be to fall from a bicycle? In fact, each year on Britain’s roads more than 200 people are killed and at least 4,000 seriously injured on bicycles. But these numbers don’t tell the whole story: the majority of the21 (die) and injured were not wearing helmets.A study of bicycle accidents in the US found that helmets could 22 (reduction) the risk of serious head injury by 85 percent. Yet it is estimated that in Britain, no more than five percent of bicycle 23 (ride) wear helmets. Why don’t more cyclists wear 24 (they)?People think that helmets look foolish, that they’re25 (convenient), and that accidents only happen to other people.One of the wrong ideas bicyclists have is that lower speeds can put them at 26 (little) riskthan motorcyclists, who are legally obliged to wear helmets. In fact, according to a British report, a higher percentage of bicyclists than motorcyclists suffer head injuries. And their injuries can be just as severe.Helmets, however, can make a big 27 (different). Shirley wasn’t just unlucky. If she had worn a helmet, she wouldn’t have spent months in hospital. Why take the risk?Section C ( 共10 分，每小题1 分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.You get an e-mail from your friend. It says Bill Gates will send you cash if you just click on a certain Web page. Y our friend swears this is official, and that his friend says it 28 . Will you believe it?Stories like that are known as urban legends ( 传说) . They are called this 29 they are like old country folk tales, but told in a modern city context.Why do people tell urban legends? Why do listeners believe them? 30 is true of many legends, there is usually a grain of truth in an urban legend that seems to confirm it. That small seed of truth helps keep the story alive. 31 , many urban legends are meant to serve as warnings to children and teens. This fact could explain why a lot of urban legends are 32 : Do not take candy from strangers, because it might have poison in it.Some urban legends, however, reflect what people want to believe. After the disastrous Asian tsunami (海啸) of 2004, for example, one heart-warming tale spread around the world. 33 the story, elephants near a Thai resort sensed that the huge waves were coming. They led people to high ground and went back into the floodwaters 34 other people. The Denver Post was one of many newspapers to 35 this story: “Elephants became superheroes, raising people with their trunks and pul ling them from harm’s way.” There were elephants near the resort, and they did move to higher ground as the waves came ashore --- but that is all that 36 be confirmed. The rest is wishful thinking.With quick access to the Internet today, it is easy to spread urban legends, but it is also easy to fight them. Remember your friend’s e-mail mentioned earlier? 37 to , the Internet headquarters for sorting out truth from fiction, and you will find it is false. Next time you hear what sounds like an urban legend, take some time to stop and think and maybe even do some research. The story may be true, but it might just be an urban legend.28. A. rises B. works C. survives D. improves29. A. because B. once C. until D. unless30. A. What B. That C. It D. As31. A. Personally B. Suddenly C. Previously D. Actually32. A. interesting B. boring C. frightening D. confusing33. A. According to B. In spite of C. Due to D. In case of34. A. rescued B. to rescue C. having rescued D. to be rescuing35. A. hold up B. pick up C. give up D. look up36. A. can B. must C. shall D. nee d37. A. Heading B. To head C. Head D. HeadedIII.Reading Comprehension (共30 分)Section A ( 共22 分，每小题2 分)Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Hetty Robinson learnt all about money when very young. As a child, she read the financial pages of the newspaper to her rich father. Her father died when Hetty was 30, and she inherited $1 million. When she herself died in 1916, she left almost $100 million to her two children.Hetty made her money on the New York stock exchange. She was a financial genius. She made money so easily that people called her the Witch of Wall Street. But although she was one of the richest wom en in the world, she counted every cent and spent as little as possible. She didn’t own a house, because she didn’t want to pay property taxes. So she and her children lived in cheap hotels.She spent almost nothing on clothes, and always wore the same long black dress. She washed it herself, but to save soap she only washed the bottom of the dress, where it touched the ground. Other people had their own offices, but Hetty used a desk in the bank where she kept her money, because it didn’t cost anything. She sat in the bank and ate her sandwiches while she bought and sold stocks and shares. If the bank complained, she just moved all her money to another bank.Hetty’s family paid the price for h er meanness. When she was 33 she married a millionaire, Edward Green, and they had two children. But Green lost all his money, so she left him. When her son, Ned, injured his knee, Hetty didn’t want to pay for a doctor, so she took him to a free hospital for poor people. Unfortunately the doctor knew Hetty was rich and he asked for money. Hetty refused and took the boy away. His leg got worse and two years later doctors removed it.But eventually Ned got his revenge. At the age of 81 Hetty had an argument with a shop assistant about the price of a bottle of milk. She became so angry that she had a heart attack and died. So Hetty’s meanness finally killed her. Ned inherited half his mother’s fortune, and he spent it all on parties, holidays and expensive jewellery.38.What fact can be learned about Hetty Robinson from the passage ?A. She came from a poor family.B. She worked for a bank.C. She was nice to her son.D. She died from extreme anger.39.Hetty Robinson was called the Witch of Wall Street mainly because .A. she was fond of reading financial pages of the newspaperB . she made a huge fortune easily through stocks and sharesC . she liked wearing the same long black dress every dayD . she turned out to be the richest woman in New York40.Which of the following best describes Hetty Robinson?A. Talented but not generous .B. Wealthy and kind.C. Aggressive but not diligent.D. Curious and lucky.(B)In 2008, a study was conducted in Hong Kong to find out why some people appeared to be better at public speaking. Three hundred people who were employed in jobs that require an advanced level of public speaking skills were interviewed. The participants included politicians, professors and motivational speakers. The results of the study showed that 77% of the participants reported having parents that encouraged them to ask questions and state their opinions from a young age. Eighty - five percent answered that their parents had repeatedly exposed them to a variety of positive “public speaking” experien ces at home. These experiences included practicing speeches, performing dramas and reciting poems.In another study to determine the causes of fear of public speaking, 70% of the participants said they had not had any public speaking opportunities at home. Eighteen percent of the participant s had been given such opportunities, but these had resulted in a loss of confidence.One of the participants recalled a painful experience from when he was eight years old. His parents had arranged for him to present his school project about earthquakes to his cousins. As an outgoing boy, he was eager to show off all his hard work, until he forgot a sentence and started to stutter( 结巴). His cousins began to laugh at him, and instead of his family encouraging him to continue with his presentation, his father told him to call it a day. The stress of this incident and the feeling of being rejected carried over to school, where he started struggling with his words and went red like a sunset every time he had to speak in front of an audience.From these studies, we can see that the way parents handle their child’s communi cation efforts and a child’s future attitude towards public speaking can be linked. Not all people are born afraid of public speaking, but rather they grow to be afraid of it due to awful experiences or outside influences. Yet this does not mean they have no control over their fear because theydo.41.According to the study of 2008, were important in making successful public speakers.A. caring professorsB. high motivationsC. encouraging parentsD. original opinions42.In the 3rd paragraph, the expression “call it a day” most probably means .A. stopB. respondC. tryD. relax43.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.How much exposure to public speaking is proper?B.What kinds of jobs require public speaking skills?C.Is public speaking important for children?D.Are people born afraid of public speaking?44.The paragraph following the last might be about .A.more experiences of unsuccessful public speakingB.ways to gain self - confidence in public speakingC.other reasons for failure in public speakingD.features of successful public speaking(C)Here is one of the world’s largest indoor ski-slopes. It covers an area of 22,500m2, about the same size as three football fields, and the temperature is a constant -1 ℃ to -2 ℃ . However, thestrangest thing about this place is that it’s in the middle of the desert! It’s called Ski Dubai and the outside temperature s can rise to more than 40℃!It sounds crazy, but it just shows how serious people are about having fun. We spend huge sums on sports facilities. We pay our sports stars ridiculous amounts of money. And we spend hour after hour playing games! I wonder if all the sports - lovers and game - players in the world aren’t a little crazy. I know I am. I was once driving past a football field where some kids were playing. I turned to watch and crashed my car. I know it’s stupid but I can do nothing about it. As someone said, “Football isn’t a matter of life and death. It’s much more important than that!”Of course, it isn’t that important really. No game is. But the problem is that games are addictive ( 使人上瘾的). From the tennis court to the golf course, you’ll find participants and spectators w ho can’t live without the drug of their choice. It could be a good thing. After all, despite being addictive, it’s true that sports and games help us to relax. Maybe if it wasn’t for sport, our societies would be more violent. Perhaps sport is a substitute for war? It’s hard to think of a quieter, more peaceful game than chess, and what’s the objective? Capturing your opponent’s king, and surely, it’s better to have wars in athletics stadiums rather than on battlefields.What’s more, playing is natural. Kit tens chase balls of wool and puppies pretend to fight. Games help us perfect ours kills and prepare us for the serious contest of survival.But do all games help us relax and stay away from violence? What about computer games? A recent article in New Scientist suggest s that playing violent video games (and most of them are extremely violent) makes people more aggressive and more likely to commit violent crimes.Are these games a rehearsal ( 彩排) for life or a substitute for life? Do we play instead of fac ing up to our real problems? I don’t know. But what I do know is that I need a break, something to help me relax. Skiing would be nice. I wonder how much it costs to get to Dubai?45.According to the author, the most surprising thing about Ski Dubai is its .A. slopesB. sizeC. locationD. facilities46.The expression “the drug of their choice” in the 3rd paragraph r efers to .A. the game they are keen onB. the medicine they takeC. the activity good for healthD. the sport in place of war47.Which of the following statements does the author most probably agree with?A.Sports stars should be paid more to play well.B.Sports are more important than life and death.C.Chess is too peaceful to be considered a sport.D.Games can make one relaxed as well as violent.48.What does the author mainly talk about in the passage ?A.The relationship between games and crimes .B.Human natural craze for having fun with games.C.Serious concerns about time that is spent on games.D.Real problems facing game players in everyday life.Section B ( 共8 分，每小题2 分)Directions：Read the following job ad and complete the sentences that follow . Write one word or more in each space.A n g e l a’s P e t S h o p:A s i t a n t-------------------------------- $10 hourly rate ---- ----------------------------Angela’s Pet Shop recently opened in Bloomington town center,specializing in baby pets. Other pet supplies are also available.Angela is looking for an energetic person to help in the shop on Saturdays.Duties will include:. cleaning cages . serving customers. feeding and exercising pets . answering the telephoneSome training will be offered to successful applicants; however, experience ofkeeping baby pets will be an advantage.Please apply by letter, outlining your experience,and giving names of r eferees ( 证明人) to:Angela, The Pet Shop, Main Street, Bloomington49.If Angela’s Pet Shop is open for 8 hours every day, the assistant will get $ after afull day’s work.50.Angela’s Pet Shop is looking for an assistant who can work for it every .51.The assistant’s duties include taking care of pets and dealing with in the shop aswell as on the phone.52.One who has is more likely to be chosen than those who haven’t.IV . Writing ( 共30 分)Section A ( 共6 分，每小题2 分)Directions: Complete the following sentences in English according to the sentences given in Chinese.53.人们用贺卡表达情感并保持联系。

2014年度上海市考试录用公务员综合管理考试大纲

2014年度上海市考试录用公务员综合管理考试大纲《综合管理》第一部分公共行政一．公共行政概述：公共行政的涵义，公共行政的主体，公共行政的客体，行政主体的职能。

二．行政组织和行政体制：行政组织的涵义，行政组织的类型，行政组织设置的原则，行政组织体制。

三．行政领导：行政领导的涵义，行政领导者的职位、职权和职责，行政领导和管理理论，行政领导体制，行政领导的方式，行政领导者的素质、技能、艺术，行政领导集体的结构。

四．公共政策：公共政策的涵义和功能，公共政策的类型，公共政策的主体和客体，公共政策的制定，公共政策的执行，公共政策的评估，公共政策的终结。

五．行政执行与依法行政：行政执行的涵义，行政执行的原则，依法行政的涵义，依法行政的内容，行政沟通的涵义，行政沟通的类型、障碍和模式，行政协调的涵义，行政协调的类型，行政协调的方式，行政控制的涵义，行政控制的方式，行政监督的涵义，行政监督体系。

六．行政方法与技术：行政方法的涵义，行政方法的类型，行政技术的涵义，行政技术的类型。

七．人事行政：人事行政的涵义，人事行政的基本原则，人事行政的过程，西方公务员制度的主要特点，中国公务员制度的基本内容。

八．公共财政：公共财政的涵义，公共预算的涵义，公共预算管理的基本模式，税收管理的涵义和特点，非税收管理的形式，公共支出的类型，我国公共财政的体制。

九．行政改革与发展：行政机构改革，行政体制改革，公务员制度改革，地方政府改革与创新，行政发展模式，行政发展的新趋势，民主行政，社会管理的涵义、社会管理的内容。

第二部分行政法学一．行政法概述：行政法的涵义，行政法的渊源，行政法的基本原则，行政法律关系。

二．行政主体：行政主体的涵义，行政主体的范围，行政相对人。

三．行政行为概述：行政行为的涵义，行政行为的分类，行政行为的成立与合法要件，行政行为的效力，行政行为的无效、撤销和废止。

四．行政行为：行政立法，行政命令，行政许可，行政确认，行政强制，行政处罚，行政监督检查，行政裁决，行政合同，行政征收、征用及补偿，行政指导，行政事实行为。