写作1
自考写作一试题及答案
自考写作一试题及答案试题一：请以“我与书籍的故事”为题，写一篇不少于800字的记叙文。
【写作要求】1. 请结合个人经历，描述你与书籍之间的情感联系。
2. 可以叙述一两个与书籍相关的重要事件或经历。
3. 表达你从书籍中获得的感悟或启示。
【范文示例】我与书籍的故事，就像一条悠长的河流，流淌着知识的甘泉，滋养着我的心灵。
自幼，我便对书籍有着浓厚的兴趣，它们是我最好的朋友，最忠实的伴侣。
记得在我很小的时候，母亲就给我买了第一本图画书。
虽然那时我还不认识几个字，但书中五彩斑斓的插图深深吸引了我。
我常常坐在窗前，翻看着那些图画，想象着它们背后的故事。
随着年龄的增长，我逐渐学会了阅读，书籍成了我探索世界的窗口。
高中时，我遇到了一本影响深远的书——《悲惨世界》。
书中的主人公让·瓦尔让，他的人生经历让我深刻体会到了人性的复杂和伟大。
他从一名囚犯到成为一位受人尊敬的市长，再到最后的救赎之路，让我明白了无论身处何种境遇，人都有选择善良和光明的权利。
这本书让我对生活充满了希望和勇气。
大学时期，我接触到了更多的书籍，它们拓宽了我的视野，丰富了我的思想。
每当我感到迷茫或困惑时，我就会拿起一本书，让自己沉浸在知识的海洋中。
书籍总能给我指引方向，让我找到解决问题的方法。
书籍不仅教会了我知识，更教会了我做人的道理。
它们让我懂得了尊重、理解、同情和爱。
每当我阅读到那些伟大人物的故事时，我都会深受感动，他们的精神和品质激励我成为一个更好的人。
如今，我已经步入社会，但书籍依然是我生活中不可或缺的一部分。
每当夜深人静时，我会拿起一本书，静静地阅读，感受文字的力量。
书籍是我心灵的港湾，是我灵魂的慰藉。
总结来说，我与书籍的故事是一段不断学习和成长的过程。
它们见证了我的成长，陪伴我度过了无数个日夜。
我相信，只要我继续阅读，继续学习，我的人生将会因为书籍而变得更加丰富多彩。
试题二：请以“网络时代的人际交往”为题，写一篇不少于800字的议论文。
最新大学英语写作writing-1-(the-hazards-of-moviegoing)
Find out the point and support in the following paragraph and essay.The Hazards of Movie-goingAlthough I love movies, I’ve found that there are drawbacks to movie-going. One problem is just the inconvenience of it all. To get to the theater, I have to drive for at least thirty minutes or more if traffic is bad. It can take forever to find a parking spot, and then I have to walk across a huge parking lot to the theater. There I encounter long lines, sold-out shows, and ever-increasing prices. And I hate sitting with my feet sticking to the floor because of other people’s spilled snacks. Another problem is my lack of self-control at the theater. I often stuff myself with unhealthy calorie-laden snacks. My choices might include a bucket of popcorn, a box of Milk Duds, a giant soda, or all three. The worst problem is some of the other moviegoers. Kids run up and down the aisle. Teenagers laugh and shout at the screen. People of all ages drop soda cups and popcorn tubs, cough and burp (打嗝), and talk to one another. All in all, I would rather stay home and wait to see the latest movie hits on cable TV in the comfort of my own living room.The Hazards of Movie-goingI am a movie fanatic. My friends count on me to know movie trivia and to remember every big Oscar awarded since I was in grade school. My friends, though, have stopped asking me if I want to go out to the movies. While I love movies as much as ever, the inconvenience of going out, the temptations of the theater, and the behavior of some patrons are reasons for me to wait and rent the video.To begin with, I just don’t enjoy the general hassle (trouble) of the evening. Since small local movie theaters are a thing of the past, I have to drive for thirty minutes to get to the nearest multiplex. The parking lot is shared with several restaurants and a supermarket, so it’s always jammed. I have to drive around at a snail’s pace (像蜗牛般爬行) until I spot another driver backing out. Then it’s time to stand in an endless line, with the constant threat that tickets for the show I want will sell out. If we do get tickets, the theater will be so crowded that I won’t be able to sit with my friends, or we’ll have to sit in a front row gaping up at a giant screen. I have to shell out (pay) a ridiculous amount of money ―up to $8 ―for a ticket. That entitles me to sit while my shoes seal themselves to a sticky floor coated with spilled soda, bubble gum, and crushed Raisinets.Second, the theater offers tempting snacks that I really don’t need. Like most of us, I have to battle an expanding waistline. At home I do pretty well by simply not buying stuff that is bad for me. I can make do with (设法/勉强应付) snacks like celery (芹菜) and carrot sticks because there is no ice cream in the freezer. Going to the theater, however, is like spending my evening in a Seven-Eleven that’s been equipped with a movie screen and comfortable seats. As I try to persuade myself to just have a diet Coke, the smell of fresh popcorn dripping with butter soon overcomes me. Chocolate bars, the size of small automobiles, seem to jump into my hands. I risk pulling out my fillings (补牙用填料) as I chew enormous mouthfuls of Milk Duds. By the time I leave the theater, I feel disgusted with myself.Many of the other patrons are even more of a problem than the concession stand (影院里的贩卖处). Little kids race up and down the aisles, usually in giggling packs. Teenagers try to impress their friends by talking back to (反驳/回嘴) the screen, whistling, and making what they consider to be hilarious (欢闹的) noises. Adults act as if they were at home in their own living room. They comment loudly on the ages of the stars and reveal plot twists that are supposed to be a secret until the film’s end. And people of all ages create distractions. They crinkle (弄皱) candy wrappers, stick gum on their seats, and drop popcorn tubs or cups of crushed ice and soda on the floor. They also cough and burp, squirm (蠕动) endlessly in their seats, file out (鱼贯而出) for repeated trips to the rest rooms or concession stands, and elbow me out of the armrest on either side of my seat.After arriving home from the movies one night, I decided that I was not going to be a moviegoer anymore. I was tired of the problems involved in getting to the theater, resisting unhealthy snacks, and dealing with the patrons. The next day, I arranged to have premium (额外花费) movie channels installed as part of my cable TV service, and I also got a membership at my local video store. I may now see movies a bit later than other people, but I’ll be more relaxed watching box office hits in the comfort of my own living room.。
自学考试《写作一》模考试卷和答案
自学考试《写作一》模考试卷和答案一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分。
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分）1.下列属于二次文献的是（）A.期刊论文B.书目C.专题综述D.数据手册2.小说虚构艺术的魅力在于（）A.虽假犹真B.虚构性的情节C.体验式的人物D.具有生命感的自由时空3.小说作品能够发挥持久生命力的关键点是（）A.虚构性情节的构建B.人物形象的塑造C.具体的环境描写D.对生活的意义的揭示4.写作过程中，由素材向文本转化的中介步骤是（）A.知B.思C.行D.改5.在所有描写技巧中，最能检验写作者功力的是（）A.正面描写B.侧面烘托C.细节刻画D.暗示性描写6.专题报告一般一事一报，注重（）A.实用性B.真实性C.规范性D.专一性《写作（一）》模考试卷和答案7.历史上的“贞观之治”、“宦官专权”、“文化大革命”等属于学术写作素材中的（）A.事实素材B.现象素材C.实物素材D.文献素材8.诗歌创作中，为了拉长感受的距离，制造独特的意象效果需要作者采取的呈现方式是（）A.神与物游B.远譬喻C.跳跃性思维D.声情并茂9.小说运思要最大可能的（）A.让人物情感占有优势B.让作家的情感逻辑占有优势C.让故事情节占有优势D.让作家的主观意志占有优势10.按照一般的学术规范，直接引用引文要用（）A.括号B.破折号C.引号D.冒号11.孟子说，“颂其诗，读其书，不知其人，可乎？是以论其世也。
”强调的是文学评论要（）A.知人论世B.析赏结合C.情理结合D.叙议结合12.写作中使用最早，使用频率最高，应用范围最广的表达方式是（）A.叙述B.议论C.描写D.抒情13.在学术写作、实用写作中抽象的直接起点是（）A.比较分析B.经验事实C.普遍规律D.因果关系14.学术写作的原初被动动机性质如果不能转换为主动动机，可能会造成的后果是（）A.写作过程的虚假性B.“功利性”写作C.职业受命写作D.曲意迎合低级趣味15.提纲是文章的（）A.主旨B.蓝图C.核心D.线索16.下列文体中，可以没有主题的是（）A.小说B.诗歌C.散文D.文学评论17.主要功能在于告知，用于向不相隶属机关告知相关事项的函是（）A.商洽函B.知照函C.请批函D.询复函18.精神分析学理论的奠基人弗洛伊德把文学创作看成是作家的（）A.灵感的体现B.语言思维的外化C.精神创造活动D.白日梦19.人类学术活动最本真的动机和目的是（）A.好奇B.脱俗C.求真D.务实20.“翻案文章”属于学术论文选题常见的思考向度和切入点中的（）A.填补空白《写作（一）》模考试卷和答案B.对前人研究的完善发展C.质疑颠覆D.分歧争议二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分。
自考写作一试题及答案
自考写作一试题及答案自考写作试题一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. 写作中，以下哪个选项不是文章结构的基本组成部分？A. 引言B. 正文C. 结论D. 插图2. 以下哪项不是写作中常见的修辞手法？A. 比喻B. 排比C. 引用D. 反问3. 在写作中，为了增强文章的说服力，以下哪种方式是不恰当的？A. 使用事实和数据支持观点B. 引用权威人士的观点C. 过度使用个人情感色彩D. 逻辑清晰地展开论点4. 以下哪个选项不是写作中常见的文章类型？A. 议论文B. 记叙文C. 说明文D. 小说5. 文章的开头部分，通常被称为什么？A. 结尾B. 正文C. 引言D. 总结6. 在写作中，使用第一人称可以增加文章的什么？A. 客观性B. 权威性C. 可信度D. 主观性7. 以下哪个选项不是写作中常见的段落结构？A. 主题句+支持句B. 问题+回答C. 描述+总结D. 引言+正文8. 写作中，段落的结尾部分通常用来做什么？A. 引入新的观点B. 总结本段内容C. 提出问题D. 描述背景9. 在写作中，以下哪个选项不是文章的结尾方式？A. 总结全文B. 强调观点C. 提出建议D. 引入新问题10. 写作中，以下哪个选项不是文章的修改和校对的内容？A. 语法错误B. 拼写错误C. 逻辑结构D. 文章主题二、简答题（每题5分，共10分）1. 请简述写作中如何有效地使用过渡词来增强文章的连贯性。
2. 请简述在写作中如何避免使用陈词滥调。
三、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. 论述在写作中如何平衡文章的客观性与主观性。
2. 论述在写作中如何通过举例来支持论点。
四、写作题（40分）请以“网络时代的信息筛选”为题，写一篇不少于800字的议论文。
要求观点明确，论据充分，结构清晰，语言流畅。
答案一、选择题1. D2. C3. C4. D5. C6. D7. D8. B9. D10. D二、简答题1. 在写作中，过渡词是连接句子和段落的重要工具。
《写作(一)》第三章考点手册
《写作（一）》第三章文学写作训练考点10 文学创作综论（★三级考点）1.文学创作，即写作主体运用写作载体、实现写作客体、沟通写作受体的一个不断物化的过程。
在这一创作行为过程中，文学创作的意义才得以完成。
割裂任何一种因素都将导致文学创作上的偏颇。
如过于强调客体的意义,容易导致文学创作上的主题决定论、题材决定论，也容易导致受政治或社会宣传意识对文学创作自由度的干涉，而过于强调文学载体则容易陷入文学史上经常批评的形式主义文风，导致文学作品的内容空疏、形式华丽。
2.其突出表现为以下几个方面的特征：一、文学创作的个人性二、文学创作的非功利性辨析【1510·文学创作具有很强的功利性】即文学创作是一种无目的性的精神创造活动，它不解决任何社会问题，也不承担任何社会职责。
即使文学在社会时代中发挥较大的作用和功能，也不像公文、法律文书等那样直接产生作用。
尽管作者内心有受某种社会责任感的触动而进行文学创作，但创作本身是一种高度审美化的活动。
三、文学创作的情感性四、文学创作的个体无意识性五、文学语言的独特性考点11 小说（★★二级考点）1.小说文体的类型(一）古典小说类型从形式上分：笔记体小说文人创作，如《世说新语》、《聊斋志异》等；章回体小说民间集体创作，文人整理如冯梦龙、凌蒙初的“三言二拍”，明清古典长篇小说等。
从语言上分：文言文小说和白话文小说；从题材上分：世情小说、公案小说、武侠小说、神魔小说、历史演义、谴责小说等。
(二）现代小说类型现代小说最有影响的分类是根据篇幅长短不同，分为长篇、中篇、短篇、微型小说。
长篇小说篇幅长，容量大，结构复杂，适合反映开阔的社会生活和复杂的时代内容，揭示深刻的生活意藴和社会发展规律。
中篇小说的篇幅介于长篇与短篇之间，具有中等叙事规模，一般在2至10万字的容量。
短篇小说则篇幅较短，结构独特，多截取社会生活中有意义的片断和侧面加以反映，小说内涵富有凝聚力，一般在两千至两万字的容量之间。
“一”写作提纲30例
“一”写作提纲30例一、一的概念和基本含义：1. “一”字在汉字中是最简单的字形，表示最少、最小的数量。
2. “一”也可以表示独一无二，独特。
3. “一”有时用来表示代表整体，统一。
二、数学中的“一”：1. “一”是自然数中最小的正整数。
2. “一”是最基本的单位，可以用来计数。
3. “一”也表示一个整体的概念，例如“一本书”、“一支笔”。
三、“一”的象征：1. “一”表示唯一、独一无二的含义。
2. “一”也可以表示团结和合作，例如“众志成城，万众一心”。
3. “一”可以表示坚定和不变，例如“一往无前”，“一诺千金”。
四、“一”的引申含义：1. “一”可以用来表示同类之中最好、最高的，例如“世界第一”、“冠军”。
2. “一”有时用来表示迅速，例如“一瞬间”。
3. “一”可以表示固定的时间或顺序，例如“七点一刻”、“一年一度”。
五、“一”的习语和成语：1. “一无所有”表示一无所有或毫无收获。
2. “一马当先”表示领导先导。
3. “一丝不苟”表示做事认真细致，不漏一点瑕疵。
4. “一心一意”表示专心致志，全力以赴。
六、“一”的相关故事：1. 道家思想中的一：道家认为“道”是宇宙万物的根源，也代表着绝对的真理，一即为全。
2. 佛教思想中的一：佛教中有“一念清净”之说，表示心无杂念，达到纯净的境界。
3. 《三字经》中的一：三字经中有“天地玄黄”，表示天地之间的神秘而又无比纯净。
七、“一”的艺术表现：1. 书法中的“一”字，以其简洁的笔画和端庄的形态，被广泛运用于书法作品中。
2. 绘画中的“一”字，可以表示画面中的主角或突出的元素。
3. 诗歌中的“一”字，可以用来表达一种情感或思想，例如“山一程，水一程”。
八、“一”的道德观念：1. “一”与道德事业密切相关，道德的核心是“一”。
一个人只有独立自主、热诚奉献，才能成为伟大的人物。
2. “一”代表尊严和自尊，一个人只有坚守原则、不犯错误，才能获得他人的尊重。
大学写作1教案
教案课程名称：院（部）：适用专业：授课年级：授课教师：教材名称：第一章绪论第一节测试学生现有写作水平学时：2教学目的：孙子曰：知已知彼，百战百胜。
这一节课调查新生写作与口头表达水平，以便因材施教。
教学方法：讨论与练习。
教学提纲：一简介“高考改革”。
读最新的相关资料。
（10分钟）二讨论：“高考改革”之我见。
（40分钟）要求：不要考虑别人，只说“我”的感受。
看谁能说服谁。
三写下自己的看法，题目自拟。
（50分钟）第二节写作学绪论学时：4教学目的：1、张贴“安民告示”，让学生了解这门课的教学内容、方法。
以便合作。
2、结合讲评第一次练习，概述写作基本规范与要求。
3、激发第二次练习。
教学设计：一我们的写作课怎么上教学思路：1来一个根本的改变，过去所有教材都是从抽象到形象，从一般到个别，从理论到实践。
它的弊端就是枯燥烦琐接受困难效果不好。
本课试行一种新的办法。
就是把上述方法来个大掉个，即从形象到抽象，从个别到一般，从实践到理论。
这样才符合人类认识规律，符合艺术创作规律，也能提高受者的学习兴趣。
2 多练少讲，注重操作，以学生动脑动手为主，师生互动，创造生动活泼的课堂气氛，力争在游戏般的情境中提高学生的学习自主性，切实提高学生的现代写作能力。
教学环节：纵向：为什么写（目的论）→谁来写（主体论）→写什么（客体论）→怎么写（方法论），即“四个W”。
横向：阅读→讲析（讨论）→模仿→讲评。
二结合“高考之我见”作文讲评概述作文基本规范与要求。
三教学内容一）写作的性质1、写作的含义A.目前学界对“写作”概念的基本蕴含至少有6种不同角度的看法。
其一是文字学角度的写作，认为写作最终是靠“书写”的赋形来完成的，书写是写作的成型与外显，写作是主动表息的书写；其二是创作论角度的写作，认为五四以来存在着文学与文章概念不清的现实，那么创作与写作也无须分那么清楚，于是写作即文学创作之说也就自然成为一家之言；其三是文章学角度的写作，认为既然写作就是写文章，那么应该将研究对象定位在静态的文章上，而忽略了动态的写作过程；其四是教学论角度的写作，写作教学是现代写作学草创之时及今天写作学研究的主要内容之一，所以在一些人的心目里，“写作”指向的就是学校的写作教学与训练，在学生的认识里，“写作”更成了“作文”的代名词；其五是文化学角度的写作，自古以来著书立说是“经国之大业，不朽之盛事”，文章更是“藏之名山，传之后人”的永恒财富，所以写作行为也就具有了厚币的人文内涵和文化意蕴；其六是写作学角度的写作，中国写作学会以建立我国独立的“写作学”学科为已任，将研究对象由静态转向动态、由以文为本转向以人为本，使“写作”的概念逐渐超越“文章”而升至独立学科的主导地位。
高考英语层级写作 1写作技巧篇 第2讲用高级句式增分课件(共75张ppt)
内容索引
·层级三 言简意赅的“非谓语” ·层级四 光彩夺目的“定语从句” ·层级五 丰富多样的“名词性从句” ·层级六 画龙点睛的“状语从句” ·层级七 委婉动人的“虚拟语气” ·层级八 重点突出的“强调句” ·层级九 风格独具的“特殊句式”
层级三
言简意赅的“非谓语”
在写作中，如果出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之 间的关系显得松散；而过多地出现复合句会让人读起来费劲。恰当地运用非 谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅显得句式多样、句子活泼，而且 读起来结构紧凑、言简意赅。
目录
6.___H_a_v_i_n_g_a__tr_i_p__th_e_r_e__ will give you a good understanding of Chinese culture.(北京卷满分作文) 到那里旅行会使你对中国文化有一个很好的了解。
7.____I_n__o_r_d_e_r_t_o_m__a_k_e_o_u__r_s_c_h_o_o_l _li_fe__c_o_lo_r_f_u_l_a_n_d__m_e_a_n_i_n_g_f_u_l____________， our school has decided to organize a sports meeting. 为了使我们的校园生活既丰富多彩又有意义，学校决定组织一场运动会。
目录
4.不定式：作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语等。 i feel much honored to have the chance to make my voice heard. (2019·天津卷满分作文) 我很荣幸有机会让大家倾听我的声音。 i think it’s a good chance for you to participate in the english spea competition. 我认为参加英语演讲比赛对你来说是一个好机会。
《写作》1习题集(答案)
《写作》1习题集（答案）一、单项选择题1．确定主题要求深刻指的是（A）A．有鲜明的思想倾向B．具有统帅作用C．主题能充分地揭示事物的本质和规律D．有艺术的审美色彩2．张晓风的散文《高处何所有——赠毕业同学》的主题是(C)A．做学问的精神B．治学的三种境界C．攀登高山所需要的精神D．酋长的选择3．某些具有模糊性、含蓄性主题的文学作品，与下列哪项主题要求并不矛盾．．．？(C)A．深刻B．集中C．明确D．贴切4．凡用以提炼、表现主题的事物和观念都可以称之为文章写作的( B)A．素材B．材料C．题材D．资料5．用屈原的爱国来解读当代青年人的爱国行为，这两个材料是( D)A．文献资料和原始资料B．正面材料和反面材料C．历史文献和现实材料D．历史材料和现实材料6．老舍的“宁吃仙桃一口，不吃烂杏一筐”，体现了选择材料的什么原则？( C)A．材料要确凿B．材料要生动C．材料要新颖D．材料要典型7．表示文章内在逻辑联系结构单位的是( A)A．层次B．段落C．照应D．过渡8．鲁迅的《藤野先生》先写东京见闻，接着用一个独立成段的句子表示空间的转换：( D) “到别的地方去看看，如何呢？”然后写仙台求学。
这个独立成段的部分是A．线索B．照应C．层次D．过渡段9．对人物经历、事件发展、情景转换所作的叙说和交代的表达方式是( D )A．描写B．议论C．叙述D．说明10．作者叙述的身份和位置是( A)A．叙述人称B．作者的创作技巧C．作者的身份D．作品中的人物11．曹雪芹《红楼梦》：“只见晴雯挽着头发闯进来‘豁啷’一声，将箱子掀开，两手提着底子，往地下一倒，将所有之物尽都倒出来。
”是( D )A．心理描写B．肖像描写C．环境描写D．行动描写12．不同作家的文章有不同的语言风格：冰心的清新，巴金的真诚，朱自清的清丽，林语堂的机智俏皮。
这体现了语言的( D)A．生动性B．符号性C．语境性D．个体性13．“在法律许可的范围内，农村、城市都需要一部分人先富裕起来。
完整版写作教程一unit1答案
Unit 1PART Ⅱ FOCUSDenotation and ConnotationSuggested answer to the questionIf it is your teacher, most probably you will choose b, as the word portly has an implication of a more or less dignified and imposing appearance (e.g. an elderly gentleman, large and portly). However, if it is a doorkeeper, an amiable middle-aged woman, you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure (e.g. the plump goddesses of Renaissance paintings). From this exercise we can conclude that words that share the same denotative meanings can be diverse in their connotative meanings.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.father: the male parent. It connotes support and sternness; it also connotes protection but in a serious fashion.wildflower: uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and pleasantness.2.a. In the West, every male person has the good qualities of males, such as bravery, spirit, and toughness.b. Anyway, she has the characteristics of a woman, such as frailty and delicacy. AttitudeReference for the Classroom Activities1.2. a. unique b. pigheaded c. flattered d. fossil e. spinsterCollocationSuggested answers to the exercise1a.do somebody a favorb.do somebody goodc.make a gestured.do evile.do harmf.make an effortReference for the Classroom Activities1.1) D 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) BFalse FriendsSuggested answers to the questionThe misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms or false friends—flour orflower, ground (as the past participle of the verb grind) and ground (meaning the solidsurface of the earth). In this excerpt, the use of false friends adds a humorous effect to the text.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.The false friends are lie meaning to keep one's body in a flat position, and lie meaning to say something dishonest.2.a. Your fever rose yesterday.b. That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ella's eyebrows raised.c. Jack has been lying around all day.d. The soldiers laid aside their weapons.e. A heavy fog lay over the land.f. White stationery is always appropriate.g. Is that table stationary, or can it be moved to another corner of the room?h. It is easier to talk about a principle than to live by it.i. Our principal played on the faculty football team against the schoolall-stars.3. Some other false friends:fair vs. fareIt's not fair to put all the blame on him.Bus fares are going up again.passed vs. pastI passed the landlady on the stairs this morning.Several boys went past us on mountain bikes.intense vs. intensiveShe suddenly felt an intense pain in her stomach.He took an intensive course on English.farther vs. furtherThe fog's so thick; I can't see farther than about five meters.Every day she thinks further and further into depression.PART III GARMMARSubject-Verb AgreementWhen the subject is compound2Reference for the Classroom ActivitiesSummaryit when most in cases, but with and takes a plural verb 1.A compound subject expresses a singular meaning or when each of the singular subjects is considered individually, it takes a singular verb., the verb but…nor, not…2.After a compound subject with or, nor, either…or, neither agrees in number and person with the nearer part of the subject.Intervening phrases or clauses not introduced by coordinating conjunctions do not3.affect the number of a verb. Such phrases are normally introduced by prepositions rather as, as much well such as as as, or prepositions or prepositional phrases. includingthan, along with, in addition to, together with, with, plus, andWhen the subject expresses quantityReference for the Classroom ActivitiesSummarya take measurement normally time, money, weight and 1.Nominal phrases of singular verb., take a singular or all, most, half, the last, the rest Some words or phrases, such as 2.plural verb, depending on the meaning of the noun or pronoun that follows.take singular or plural verbs depending on Phrases like l ots of, heaps of, loads of3.the form of the nouns that follow.a modifying the subject noun, the verb or many4.In sentences with more than one should take a singular form though it is plural in meaning.structure -clause, or in the there-be When the subject is a relative pronoun, a what Reference for the Classroom ActivitiesHe was one of the candidates who were able to carry out their campaign pledges. a. campaign carry out his the candidates who was able to He was the only one of pledges.What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents. b.What one thinks and says are not always the same.There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden. c.There are hundreds of applicants on the waiting list for the job.Summaryand person the same that), the verb has a 1.After relative pronoun (who, which, the number as the antecedent. (In the second sentence in Pair a, the antecedent is .), not the candidatesonly one a in what-clause is But the verb is usually singular. if the a 2.After what-clause,compound structure plural in meaning, the verb is in plural form.Reference for the Classroom ActivitiesNobody in town admits seeing him. a.Does anyone want to go with me?b.Are any of you going to the exhibition?c.None works/work so hard as he does.d.Books are her chief source of enjoyment.e.The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up the meeting.f.The jury is finally complete.g. 3h.The jury were divided in their opinions.i.New York Times is his bible.PART Ⅳ WRITINGNotes (I)Sample 1Suggested answers to the questions1.Notes are the simplest and shortest form of written communication and they are quick, easy and convenient.2.A note has three essential components:--the addressee—the person(s) to whom the note is written;--the message;--the sender.3. Notes are characterized by their brevity, informality in style, and dedication to a single topic.Sample 2Suggested answers to the questions1.The date is put at the upper right-hand corner. Besides the date or weekday, you may, at times, need to state the hour or even the minute.2.You can add the word Dear before the addressee's name and a complimentary close.3.A complimentary close is put before your signature as the sample show.PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES1.a. The little boy was chicken-hearted.b. The statesman is a respectable figure in the political arena.c. We sat down by the oak tree, enjoying the breeze coming from the lake.d. We need to drink the milk before it sours.e. The child had difficulty finding his way to school.f. The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.g. My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.h. Our university can accommodate 4000 students.i. Social customs vary greatly from country to country.2. The writer's attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.43. (1) experienced (2) elapsed (3) attempting (4) with(5) take up (6) made (7) endeavor (8) true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b. We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.d. We must pursue this matter further.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astoundingsuccess.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h. The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i. (correct)j. He was awaked to the risk.5. My sister Lulu accepted a scholarship to study in the UK. She had done verywell in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teachher a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her agreat deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-conscious of her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she wasuninterested in; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences betweenthetwo countries. She found people there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland.Though she experienced cultural shocks continually, she developed a fair attitudetowards the other culture. In the proceeding years, she settled down in the UK. andbecame a person with an alternative cultural identity.6. a. Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.b. The jury is expected to reach its decision very quickly.c. Each of the candidates for the position has exceptionally high qualifications.d. Every boy and girl in the sixth grade was/is eager to win the contest.e. Corn bread and milk is a popular breakfast in the rural South.f. The instructor as well as the students was at fault.g. He is one of the students who plan to attend the speech contest.h. The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial.i. Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display.j. The symptoms of mercury poisoning vary with each individual case.k. He believes that athletics improves school morale.l. Up goes the starter's gun, and each of the runners becomes tense.m. Either The Times or The Tribune is a reliable source of news.n. The first thing that catches your eye is the headlines.o. She is one of the women who have made this country what it is.5。
写作作业1
Drills in English Writing (1st)I. Read the following sentences and decide which type of sentence each of the following belongs to.1. It is a pleasure to read good hooks.The simple sentence2. She missed the step and sprained her ankle.The simple sentence3. Badly frightened by the explosion, the boy rushed out of the laboratory.The simple sentence4. The Whites must have gone away for the summer holidays, for we have not seenthem for two or three weeks.The compound sentence5. There were the translators in their booths, and the girl secretaries at the doors,and the reporters grumbling and scribbling in their seats.The compound sentence6. Our friends, who had started before us, promised that they would meet us, butwhen we arrived at the bus stop, they were nowhere to be seen.The compound-complex sentence7. The new thing that happened to me in the town was that I was thrown intoexperiences that finally seemed to cut my ties to the walled-world of my childhood.The complex sentence8. In the speeches of politicians towards the close of 1919 and the spring of 1920,there was manifest an increasing recognition of the fact that what is called the capitalist system ― the private ownership system that is, in which private profit is the working incentive ― was on trial.The compound-complex sentence9. It cannot be done by the Government; it cannot be done by Parliament.The compound sentence10. There are still two widely different methods of getting what you want.The periodic sentenceII. Read the following, point out the mistakes and make necessary corrections. 1. Our host entertained us with many interesting stories of adventure, he had been amember of an exploration team working in the Arctic.Our host entertained us with many interesting stories of adventure, who had been a member of an exploration team working in the Arctic.2. When I woke up I saw him asleep in bed, I had not heard him when he came back.Because I had been sleeping soundly.When I woke up I saw him asleep in bed, I did not hear him when he came back. Because I had been sleeping soundly.3. Liu always did his work a little better than his fellow workers, that was why hegot higher pay than others.Liu always did his work a little better than his fellow workers, which waswhy he got higher pay than others.4. No student could answer that question, even Xiao Y ao, who was usually quick inanswering questions, was silent.No student could answer that question,even Xiao Y ao who was usually quick in answering questions was silent.5. Lin looks like Li, however, they are not related.Lin looks like Li, but they are not related.6. The old man hunched forward. His head tilted at an angle. His eyes half closed,looking very sleepy.The old man hunched forward. His head tilted at an angle. His eyes half closed, looks very sleepy.7. The work was well planned, everybody worked with great enthusiasm, thus, theyover fulfilled their quota.The work was well planned, everybody worked with great enthusiasm, so they over fulfilled their quota.8. Mark Twain, a well-known American writer, whose experience as a pilot on asteamboat was no doubt an important factor that helped him to become a famous writer.Mark Twain is a well-known American writer, whose experience as a pilot on a steamboat was no doubt an important factor that helped him to become a famous writer.III. Rewrite the following by putting the short sentences into compound or complex sentences, or sentences with participial, prepositional, or other phrases.1. Xu comes from a working-class family. He enrolled in college last fall.Xu who comes from a working-class family enrolled in college last fall.2. The dean issued a bulletin. It said the library would remain open on weekends.The dean issued a bulletinwhich said the library would remain open on weekends.3. Last night was a windy night. The thunder roared. The wind blew a gale. Therain fell in torrents.Last night was a windy night, the thunder roaring, the wind blowing a gale.the rain falling in torrents.4. There are icicles on the trees. The temperature must have fallen considerablyduring the night.The temperature must have fallen considerably during the night for there are icicles on the trees.5. He returned to his hometown. He had been away for twelve years. He lookedin vain for the familiar landmarks.After he had been away for twelve years, he returned to his hometown, looking in vain for the familiar landmarks.6. We have made some progress. We still have a long way to go.Although we have made some progress, we still have a long way to go.7. The sky was cloudless. The sun was shining brightly.The sky was cloudless and the sun was shining brightly.8. There were over two hundred passengers on board the plane. About one third ofthem were foreigners.There were over two hundred passengers on board the plane, about one third of whom were foreigners.9. The girl began to learn to play the piano when she was a child. Her mother wasa famous pianist.The girl whose mother was a famous pianist began to learn to play the piano when she was a child.10. Napoleon was born in 1769. At that time Corsica had just been acquired byFrance.Napoleon was born in 1769 when Corsica had just been acquired by France.11. She appeared on the stage. A stormy applause broke forth.When she appeared on the stage, a stormy applause broke forth.12. The gypsies are really a nomadic people from India. They migrated into Europe.Once they were thought to be Egyptians.The gypsies once who were thought to be Egyptians are really a nomadic people from India. They migrated into Europe. .13. The new workers are young and inexperienced. They are eager to learn from theveteran workers.The new workers are young and inexperienced so they are eager to learn from the veteran workers.14. It was a poor quarter. There were a lot of small huts. They had mud walls andstraw roofs. They dotted a hillside.It was a poor quarter. There were a lot of small huts which had mud walls and straw roofs, dotting a hillside.15. He heard that his father was ill. He was anxious to go home to see him. He went tothe station early in the morning to buy a ticket.He heard that his father was ill. He was anxious to go home to see him so he went to the station early in the morning to buy a ticket.IV. Underline the topic sentence in each of the following paragraphs.The forest is a sanitary agent. It is constantly eliminating impurities from the earth and the air. Trees check, sweep, and filter from the air quantities of filthy, germ-laden dust. Their leaves absorb poisonous gases from the air. Roots assist in drainage, and absorb impurities from the soil. Roots give off acids, and these acids, together with the acids released by the fallen, decaying leaves, have a sterilizing effect upon the soil. Trees help to keep the earth sweet and clean, and water which comes from a forested watershed is likely to be pure. Many unsanitary areas have been redeemed and rendered healthy by tree planting.She was an old woman and lived on a farm near the town in which I lived. All country and small-town people have seen such old women, but no one knows much about them. Such an old woman comes into town driving an old worn-out horse or she comes afoot carrying a basket. She may own a few hens and have eggs to sell. She brings them in a basket and takes them to a grocer. There she trades them in.She gets some salt pork and some beans. Then she gets a pound or two of sugar and some flour. Afterwards she goes to the butcher' s and asks for some dog-meat. She never visits with any one, and as soon as she gets what she wants she starts for home.The need for humane studies, both in themselves and for scientists and professional men, is greater than it ever was. In international affairs and in a world where we have already reached the point where we can annihilate ourselves, the problem that we face will certainly not be solved by better and better weapons in the hands of opposing armed nations. They will be solved by a better understanding of men, by a public educated and enlightened enough to support that diplomacy. Until that solution appears, our governments must continue to arm and to develop weapons against the idiotic possibility of war, but our only hope of a long-term peace comes not from better weapons, but from humane agreement between men and nations.VI. Supply a topic sentence for each of the following paragraphs:There are two methods to get what you want.------------------------------------------------.One is to make yourself so useful that others are glad to pay you, or give you what you want, in return for your service or your product; the other is to make yourself so dangerous that others will be afraid to refuse what you demand. The one appeals to good will; the other to fear. The one is constructive; the other is destructive. The one is the method of civilized mend; the other is the method of savages.A cat is different from a dog----------------------------------. A dog will follow his master anywhere, but a cat keeps to the house it is used to: and even when the house changes hands, the cat will remain there, so long as it is kindly treated by the new owners. A cat does not seem to be capable of the personal devotion often shown by a dog. It thinks most of its own comfort, and its love is only cupboard love.Everyone must be careful when driving cars------------------------------------------. Only last year I witnessed what might have been a fatal accident on the Beijing-Chengde Road. I was motoring up from Beijing; and as I neared Chengde, I came upon the wreckage of two cars on the road. The smash had been caused by a car coming down, which swept round a sharp corner at eighty kilometers an hour and crashed into a car coming up. Happily no one was killed; but several were badly injured, and the two cars were wrecked. To drive at such a speed down a twisting mountain road is simply courting disaster.Different colour has different meaning-----------------.Red, for example, is the color of fire, heat, blood and life. People say red is an exciting and active color. They associate red with a strong feeling like anger. Red is also used for signs of danger, such as stop signs and fire engines. Orange is the bright, warm color of leaves in autumn. People say orange is a lively color. They associate orange with happiness. Y ellow is the color of sunlight. People say it is a cheerful color. They associate yellow, too, with happiness. Green is the cool color of grass in spring.People say it is a refreshing color.。
大学英语写作(一)复习题答案
写作一（二）完形填空（Ⅰ）一OfferValidity time of offer An offer becomes (1) when it reaches the offeree (CISG Art.15). On this point,the laws in all states--1.C.effective2.A.proposal3.B.coincides4.C.confirms5.A.withdrawal6.B.unfavorable7.B.arouses8.A.provides9.B.irrevocable10.D.reliance二Claim DamagesIn most cases,bona fide party to an international sales contract will best to (1)his duties either—1.C.perform2.A.inconsistent3.B.breaches4.D.remedial5.C.varied6.C.total7.C.light8.B.worthy9.A.prevent10.D.entitled三WTOIt is well known that the World Trade Organization (WTO)is thje only international organization---1.A.dealing2.C.supersedesprising4.A.consensus5.C.conform6.A.multilational7.B.ratified8.A.exceptional9.B.unprecedented10.A.predecessor四BOT InvestmentBOT (Build, Operate,Transfer), as a way of(1) is still a newconcept in China.If isalso not----1.A.investment2.C.project3.B.arrangement4.A.infrastructure5.C.embark6.B.coordinated7.C.linking 8.A.shared9.B.shortage10.B.issuance五Text StockNoadays,corporationsusually need a largeamount of capital forthe (1)of theirproduction and---1.A.boost2.B.adequate3.B.issuer4.C.principal5.C.propertied6.D.withdraw7.C.bankruptcy8.A.depart9.B.fluctuate10.C.Bull六Credit cards areinstruments issued bybanks to customers(card-holders)to enablethem to -----1.C.ranging2.A.creditability3.B.accept4.C.validity5.D.sign6.C.approve7.A.return 8.A.payment9.D.payment10.A.contributory七BondMany borrower wishto(1)funds by way ofbondissuance.especiallythose who seek for----1.D.raise2.A.security3.B.aggregated4.C.currency5.A.Foreign6.B.assessment7.C.creditworthy8.A.favor9.D.underwrite10.B.expiration（Ⅱ）(一)Many of today’sbanking services werefirst practiced in ancientLydia,Phoencia,China,----1.C.The increase oftrade in 13th-centuryItaly prompted therevival of banking2.A.Three other earlybanks,each managed bya committee of cityoffcials,were the bankofAmsterdam(1609),thebank ofVenice(1587),and theBank ofHamburg(1619)3.D.During the 19thcentury,members of theRothschid familybecame the mostinfluential bankers in allEurope and probably inthe world .Thisinternational bankingfamily was founded byGerman financierMayer AmschelRothschild(1743~1812),but it soonspread to all the majorEuropean financialcapitals4.B.This worked aslong as the originaldepositors did notwithdraw all their goldat one time5.F.The first importantbank in the UnitedStates was the Bank ofNorthAmerica,established in1781 by the SecondContinental Congress.Itwas the first bankchartered by theemment（二）Simulations ofair,sion and watercontamination oncomputer areincreasingly beinghailed-----1.G.this finding altersthe current perceptionthat the bay’s greatestproblems stem frommore local waterbornepollution,such assewage and runoff fromagriculture2.E.But the extensivemodel revealed thatsuch pollution presentsa much largerproblem:25percent ofnitrogen pollution isstill being carried aloft 500 miles from its source3.Dennis asserts that although controls on water pollutionmust not be abandoned,attempts to lower nitrogen levels in the bay may not be fully successful unless air pollution is also reduced4..C.Then,intricate computer programs,which consider details down to the movement of atorns.fill in aspects such as how a compound will degrade in the environment,whether any secondary products will be toxic,how the chemicals might percolate down to the water table or how they might accumulate in widlife.In some cases,the toxic compound being studied may not have been produced yet5.A.And although experiments also cannot evaluate every detail,models in particular trigger complants about accuracy(三) When did humans first arrive at the concept of money.9 What conditions spawned it.9And ----1.E.They believedmoney was born,ascorns,alongthe coasts ofthe Mediterranean theseventh or sixthcenturyBC,aproduct ofthe civilization that latergave world theParthenon,Plato,andAristotle2.B.In the process,theyhave pushed the originsof cash far beyond thesunny coats of theMediterranean,back tothe world’s oldest citiesin Mesopotamia,thefertile plain created bythe Tigris and Euphratesrivers3.F.but like us,ancientmesopotamians andPhoenicians seldommade the error oftossing out cash,andonly rarely did theybury their most preciousliquid assets inground.Even whenarcheologists havefound buriedcash,though,they’vetrould all still bebartering.We wouldhave been stuck withthat.Money opened thedoor to trade,whichopened the door forspecialization.And thatmade possible a modernsociety4.C.As it evolved inBronze Agecivilizations along theMediterranean coast,itfostered sea trade. Builtlucrative cottageindustries,and underlayan accumulation ofwealth that might haveimpressed DonaldTrump5.A. Five hundred yearslater,the pictographshad evolved into a moresupple system ofwriting a partiallysyllabic script known ascuneiform that wascapable of recording thevernacular.firstSumerian,a languageunrelated to any livingtogue,and laterAkkadian an ancientSemitic language(四) On behalf of theCompany’sshareholders,the Boardof Directors isresponsible foroverseeing--1.E.The Board does nothave limits on thenumber of terms adirector may serve.TheBoard does not haveany retirement or tenurepolicies that would limitthe ability of a directorto be nominated forreelection2.G.Directors areexpected to attendBoard meetings andmeetings of thecommittees on whichthey serve,and to spendthe time needed to carryout their responsibilitiesas directors,includingmeeting as frequently asnecessary to properlydischarge thoseresponsibilities3.A.Each director isfree to suggest items forinclusion on the agendaand to rise at any Boardmeeting subjects thatare not on the agendafor that meeting4.C.Thenon-managementdirectors meet inregularly scheduledexecutivesession(i.e.withoutdirectors who aremembers ofmanagement)5.The Board criticallyreviews any amountsthat a director mightreceive directly orindirectly from theCompany,as well as anycharitable contributionsthe Company may maketo organizations withwhich a director isaffiliated,in determingwhether a director isindependent（五）Adertising inthe United States issuccessful under thefollowingcircumstances(1)whenit----1.A.Effectiveadvertising is a powerful image-builder 2.B.As a result of all this image-making activity,the advertiser arrives at a composite of all the images projected,a national image with which the majority of consumers can identify3.F.It was the motivation analysts who found that companies must sell emtional security first and foremost4.G.People watch the commercial and listen to the sales message,but often pay little attention to what is going on5.E.We hum the tunes,recount the tales who foundthat companies must sell emotional security first and foremost(六) Can computer users adapt to new types of keyboarder Somer----1.D.However,consumer s readily adapted to the tiny keys and thumb-tuping style of the BlackBerry and Treo 6002.Although the keyboard is small than traditional models,the keys measure the same 19millimeters across.”That,s for the big American SUVhand,”said LindaMarroquin,FmgPad’schief executive.”Wewant to do everythingwith one hand.How areyou going to do thatwith 104keys?”3.A.Although it’sdifficult to say whetherthese newer devices canhope to rivalBlack-Berry stylekeyboards,theengineering is prettyinteresting4.Key combinations arepossible,because”thecomputer doesn’treceive the datauntilrelease thekey,”Marroquinexplained.In traditionalkeyboards,data goes inthe down stroke,whichmakes chords difficultto process.5.E.The function keysalso present acoordinationchallenge,as the urge isto hit all the necessarykeys simultaneously.Acapital”L”forexample,requires hitson the H key,the Shiftkey and the space bar.（七） A funny thinghappened on the way tothe way to thecommunicationsrevolution:we ----1.E.Evidently,theunlettered electronicvoice is preferable tohuman contact2.A.Every advance incommunicationstechnology is a setbackto the intimacy ofhuman interaction3.C.As almost everyconceivable contactbetween human beingsgets automated,thealienation index goes up4.B.It’s their unintendedconsequences that makeme cringe5.D.the industrydevoted to helping mekeep in touch is makingme lonelier—or leastfacilitating myantisocial instincts(八) The importanceof the Internet as amedium of intercultualcommunication will bemore---1.A.At present,the mostimportant thing forChina to do on thedevelopment of theInternet is to fullyrealize the potentialeffect of the Internt andrelease more electronicpublications in Englishon the net makingforeign users able toable to hear China’svoice directly onvarious affairs,whethernational orintemational.2.E.It is ture that thereexist misunderstandingsabout China’s image inthe American massmedia because therehave always existedlimits in understandingChina amongthe”gatekeepers”ofAmerican media,eitherdeliberately orunconsciously.3.B.now VOA also hasits website on theInternet.It will send itsreports to anyone inchina via e-mail as longas Chinese users ask forthem.In thiscase.China’s voicedirectly on the Intemetseems even moreimportant,for at leastChinese users shouldhave an equalopportunity to know theattitude of Chinesejournalists so as to froma more”balanced”andmore objectivejudgment4.C.China should speakour her voice on suchissues as the humanrights problem5.F.It is not rational toargue that foreignersshould first learn theChinese language if heywant to understandChina（Ⅲ）汉译英一．1.世界贸易组织成立于1995年，其前身是美税和贸易总协定The world TradeOrganization came into being in 1995.it is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade2.新的世纪充满着机遇和挑战，让我们共同合作，迎接挑战，使多边贸易体制得到巩固和加强，为世界经济贸易的稳定和发展不断做出贡献The new century is full of opportunities and challenges.Let us work together to meet these challengs,and to consolidate and strengthen the multilateral trading system and to make continued contributions to the stability and development of world economy and trade3.我们从贵国驻北京大使馆商务参赞处获悉，你们是轻工业产品的进口商We have learned from the Commercial Counsellor’s Office of your embassy in Beijing are importers of light industrial products4.收到贵公司8月2日询价，得悉你们对我们MP208型号的真空吸沉机感兴趣，先将你们所需的插图目录单和价格表附寄给你们。
自考写作(一)复习资料
1.汉语写作学的研究内容：写作的基本原理写作的基本过程写作的基本技巧写作的基本体式2.写作的实质/本质：是客观事物通过作者的主观意识在恰当的文字形式中的正确反映。
写作的过程，就是正确处理生活——思想——文章（作品）之间关系的过程。
4.文章的布局结构包括哪两方面的内容：1）文章的体式布局和章节结构，如体裁形式、结构线索、开头结尾、章节段落等；2）文章的内在联系和组织，如观点和材料、部分和整体之间的逻辑关系，文章展开的脉络和层次等。
二者互为表里，相辅相成。
5.学习写作的基本途径：1）熟悉写作的基本过程；2）掌握写作的基本方法和技巧；3）了解文章的基本体式；4）提高运用语言的能力6.文章由哪几部分组成文章有两部分组成：内容与形式。
内容包括题旨、材料形式包括体式和语言7.广义和狭义的积聚：（第二编7-73）广义/一般意义上的积聚指作者平常在德、识、才、学等方面的修养和准备；狭义/专门意义上的积聚指作者为了某一写作目的而收集材料和获得感受8.积聚的意义：1）有“物”可写和能够写得出的唯一前提；2）产生写作欲望的直接、强大的动力；3）认识事物、制导意图的客观基础；4）精选内容、表达意图提供有力保证9.积聚的内容：1）材料积聚1〉事物积聚2〉知识积聚3〉数据积聚2）识见积聚3）情感积聚4）技巧积聚5）语言积聚文字、词语、句式、修辞10.积聚的要求：1）看重客观、也看重主观2）全面采取与突出重点3）贪多杂取与及时整理4）多用笔墨，巩固记忆11.积聚的三条途径：1）做生活的有心人，亲自观察、体验、获取生动的材料2）集中做调查采访，有计划地搜集，获取急需的材料3）通过阅读与观赏，间接增长知识，获取备用的材料。
12.观察、体验应注意哪几点：1）热爱生活，充满激情2）观察要全，体验要深3）注意方法，抓住特征13.内心积聚应从哪几方面着手：1）多用有意记忆2）调动各种感官3）理解记忆对象4）与遗忘做斗争14.外物积聚包括哪几种形式1）写生活速记2）写采访随笔3）写读书札记4）实录——录音、录像和复印5）用计算机贮存信息15.什么是构思构思，是作者对自己将要动手写作的文章从内容到形式所作的总体设想。
商务英语写作作业1参考答案6页
（第一章：Task 1-2）I. Directions: Write an application letter according to the following information. (40%)参考答案略。
评分标准：内容25分；语法与拼写5分；文体与语气5分；标点与格式5分。
II. Directions: Complete the chronological resume worksheet with your own information.(40%)参考答案略。
评分标准：内容25分；语法与拼写5分；文体与语气5分；标点与格式5分。
III. Directions: Translation exercises. (20%, 4 points for each sentence)(1)As a student in International Trade and a prospective June graduate, I should very much liketo be considered for the position of sales assistant that you have advertised in today’s Guangzhou Daily.(2)Since I was 15 years old I have helped my father to run his small import-and export business.I have been involved in helping a variety of clients and also the general administration of thebusiness.(3)You will find enclosed an outline of my education and copies of three letters ofrecommendation.(4)我有着外向、勤奋的个性，我享受忙碌的工作环境带来的挑战。
自学考试《写作(一)》考点汇总
写作(一)考点：开头常见方法第一种，由远及近式(渐入主题式)例 1：我国大陆海岸线长达 1.84 万公里，拥有渤海、黄海、东海和南海四大海域。
我国拥有领海权的海域面积 37 万平方公里，管辖的领海、毗邻区、专属经济区和部分国际海底区域面积近 300 万平方公里，相当于我国陆地面积的 1/3.点评：谈有关海洋资源保护问题，先不就事论事，而是先从远处、从海洋谈起，缓缓说来、渐渐深入。
这样的好处是从容进入主题，不给人造成突兀的感觉。
第二种，俗语破题式(突兀而起式)例 2：民以食为天，古今中外概莫能外。
粮食是关系国计民生的重要物资，确保粮食生产和粮食安全是国家的头等大事。
点评：谈粮食安全问题，上来第一句话就是“民以食为天”。
这句俗语突兀而起、从天而降，一下子进入粮食主题。
用俗语开头的好处，恰如“警车开道”，醒脑开窍，进入主题快，不拖泥带水、干净利落。
第三种，虽然但是式(先好后坏式)例 3：改革开放 30 年来，我国社会发生了翻天覆地的变化，经济发展迅速，人民生活水平不断提高，综合国力不断增强。
虽然我们取得了巨大的成就，却不能高枕无忧、鼓腹而歌，应该看到我们面临的困难是艰巨的，我们每前进一步都是艰难的。
点评：不难看出，这样的开头很多见，先“虽然”(讲大好形势)，后“但是”(讲存在问题)。
这样开头，虽然没什么新意，更说不上有什么创意，但它的好处也是显而易见的：既稳妥而又不难掌握，虽然“无功”却也“无过”，是一种保险系数高的开头方法。
第四种，开门见山式(直奔主题式)例 4：怒江水电开发问题由来已久，自提出以来就引起广泛注意，争议的焦点主要是围绕着经济建设与生态环境建设的关系展开。
透过争论，面对经济建设与资源环境之间的矛盾，我们必须清醒地看到全面落实科学发展观，建设生态文明，大力发展循环经济，实现经济与资源环境的协调、持续发展，刻不容缓，势在必行。
点评：这样的开头，上来就把主题词(关键词)端出来，把争议的焦点亮出来。
2019年全国英语等级考试一级写作优秀范文(1)
2019年全国英语等级考试一级写作优秀范文
（1）
改革开放后，我们的生活正在发生日新月异的变化，请你以“My life in 20 years”为题，写一篇80词左右的文章，大胆设想你20年后的学习生活情况。
文章开头已经给出，但不计入总数。
My life in 20 years
Now our life is different every day. I think life will be much better in 20 years.
【参考】
My life in 20 years
Now our life is different every day. I think life will be much better in 20 years. We don’t need to go to school every day, we can study at home because teachers teach us on the internet. We won’t have tests any more. When we grow up, we can do what we like. Food is free and delicious, we can order it on the Internet and someone will send it to our
homes. We don’t need to work. Robots will do everything for us. We can travel around the world as much as we want, but we don’t need to pay for it.。
写作一自考复习知识点整合
汉语言专业写作（一）00506复习资料整理第一章写作活动与写作行为1、写作的概念及其基本性质：写作是一种以语言文字为媒介的文化交流行为，是人类社会各个领域都不可或缺的信息记录或传播方式。
2、写作活动的主要特征：综合性、实践性、主体性。
3、写作活动的操作过程：准备阶段：素材积累、写作动机触发、选题的形成；构思阶段：聚思（写什么）与立意（主旨）、运思（文章整体设计）与谋篇（剪裁与布局）；行文阶段：表达与行文（叙述抒情描写议论说明）、文章修改润色。
4、语体：不同的文类和文体有不同的言说方式和表达特点。
5、文艺语体：注重表现力丰富的修辞手段、注重表达的丰富性和高度的内涵；注重语言艺术自身的美感。
6、科技语体：精确严谨凝练。
7、政论语体：严密的逻辑性、注重说服力、感染力和鼓动性。
8、事务语体：表意明确、直接。
第二章写作主体的修养与写作能力建构1、优秀的写作者应当具备的素质和修养：首先应当是一个视野开阔、知识准备丰富或在某个学科领域术有专攻的人；一个优秀的写作者应该是一个思想者；应当是一个健康精神价值的坚守者和捍卫者；应当是热爱生活，能体察生命之美的人；应当具有健全的人格。
2、写作者能力构成：对人类情感和心理世界的体察与领悟力；对客观世界和生命现象的感知与想象力；对文本所传达的精神价值与思想哲理的洞察力与批判力；对文本语言形式的感受力、组合力、表现力；对所论对象进行逻辑梳理的判断力、分析力与思辨力。
3、对情感的体察在写作中具有怎样的作用：是阅读和写作的基本功，领悟生命价值、理解人性的起点。
4、为什么说“有责任感的作者应当是一个健康精神价值的坚守者和捍卫者”：最能显示作品境界的是作者融入其中的价值判断。
5、提升自身读写能力的途径和方法是什么：在大量的经典阅读中不断汲取和借鉴，留心领略文章的语言技艺。
第三章写作思维与写作实践1、写作思维及其意义：为写作做准备的阅读与选材，到构思、赋形和成文的全过程。
主要关注写作意识的建立。
英语写作第1次作业答案
Unit 1: 段落和篇章知识（Paragraph and whole composition）1. What is a paragraph?A paragraph is a division of writings expressing one central idea. It usually consists of several closely related sentences. It can also be called a unit of thought. It is a unit in itself and part of a la5ger whole.2. What is a paragraph made up of?Paragraph is made up of a group of sentences which altogether express a controlling idea or central idea. It includes topic sentence, supporting sentences, and concluding sentence. The paragraph is the basic unit of a composition3. What are the features of an effective paragraph?1）It focuses on one major idea. This major idea is called the topic sentence.2）It provides enough details to develop the idea. An effective paragraph does not waste the r eader’s time. It doesn’t start something without finishing it. It contains enough specific details to enable the reader to understand the writer’s point.3）It is sensibly organized: An effective paragraph does not bore the reader. It is organized so the reader has no trouble following the writer’s progression of thought—so the reader can see three parts in aparagraph—1) the topic sentence; 2) supporting details, and 3) the concluding sentence.4. What is the topic sentence and why is it important?A topic sentence is a brief statement of the subject of the paragraph. It is very important because it determines the content of the whole paragraph. Therefore, special attention should be paid to it.5. Which sentence is the topic sentence in the following paragraph?My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others. Don't argue with parents;they will think you don't love them. Don't argue with children; they will think themselves victimized. Don't argue with spouses; they will think you are a tiresome mate. Don't argue with strangers; they will think you are not friendly. My mother's rules, in fact, can be summed up in two words: Don't argue.My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others.6. The following topic sentences are not good ones, try to make them better.●There is much to say about any problem.●Time is money●He found an old book in our library last Thursday afternoon●There is much to say about the problem of unemployment.●It is a shame to waste time in college years.● One of his interests is to spend time in libraries.7. What are the requirements of a good topic sentence?1) A good topic sentence presents both a subject and an attitude toward that subject.2) A topic sentence only states one fact or one opinion.3) The topic should be neither too abstract nor too specific.4) Furthermore it is better to be placed at the beginning of the paragraph.8. What are the requirements of supporting details?1)Supporting details deal with different aspects of a topic sentence.2)Supporting details never say things that are irrelevant to the topic sentence.3)Supporting details should be developed naturally and logically from one to another.4)Each supporting detail should not be either too long or too short.9. What is the concluding sentence?The concluding sentence is the restatement of the topic sentence. It usually summarize the idea of the whole paragraph and to open doors to the next paragraph. Therefore, a concluding sentence of a paragraph is supposed to be the link between the two paragraphs.It may be absent in some paragraphs.10. What is a composition made up of? What is the function of each part?1) Most, if not all, compositions are made up of a beginning, a middle, and an end.2)●The beginning ( the introduction) rouses the reader’s interest in and secures his attention to the subjectmatter of the essay or provides necessary background information.●The middle (the body) gives a clear and logical presentation of the facts and ideas the writer intends to putforth.●The end ( the conclusion ) winds up the essay often with an emphatic and forceful statement to influencethe reader’s final impression of the essay and shows the implication or consequences of the argument.11. How many ways can you write your introduction ?● A quotation●Figures or statistics● A question or several questions●The time and place of the event to be described●Relevant background material●An analogy● A definitionUnit 2: 记叙文和论说文（Narration and argumentation）1. What are narrate and narration?To narrate is to give an account of an event or a series of events. In its broadest sense, narrative writing includes stories, real or imaginary, biographies, histories, news items, and narrative poems.Narration, in its broadest sense, is any account of an event or series of events. When it is defined simply, narration is the telling of a trued or imaginary story.2. How many types of narration ?Matter-of-fact Narration : It is an exact account of what happened. In this kind of account the facts are stated in chronological or time order. Narration with plot: this kind of narration is used to tell a story so it includes enough details for clearness and some description to make the story vivid. It often follows a chronological order with one action after another as it happened and developed in original experience.It mainly includes travel account (游记) , news （新闻）, biography （传记）, diary （日记）, essay （散文，杂文）, anecdote （逸闻趣事）, adventurous personal experience （亲历的冒险事件）, historic events （史记）, epitaph （墓志铭）.3. What aspects should you consider when you plan a narration?●Purpose: when a writer begins to narrate, there must be a purpose in his mind for writing. He shouldchoose enough details and design the plot of his narration carefully in order to let others tounderstand what he wants to express clearly.● Organization: Events in a narration are usually related in the order in which they occur. That is to say,it is written in chronological order. But sometimes it is also possible to start from the middle or fromthe end of the narration with the event that is most important to arouse the interest of the reader andthen go back t the beginning by using flashbacks. Generally, a narration is made up of three parts: a beginning, a middle part and an end. There is no need to make a concluding paragraph when thestory is clearly told and comes to the end naturally. However, sometimes, it is necessary to add oneor more paragraphs about the significance of the story or about what happens afterwards.●Context: In narrative writing, it should be often made clearly at the beginning that “when” “where”and “to whom” the action in the narration happened, which provides with a context, or circumstances to the reader so as to help him to understand the whole narration.●Selection of details: In order to help the reader know what is happening, the writer should offerenough details. But, there should not be too many details. To highlight the development of narration, the useful and effective things are only relevant details or things that contribute to bring out the main ideas of the narration.4. What is an argumentation?An argument involves the process of establishing a claim and then proving it with the use of logical reasoning, examples, and research.5. What is the organization of an argumentation?●Title●Introduction: Thesis statement●Body Paragraphs●Constructing Topic Sentences●Building Main Point●Countering the Opposition●Conclusion6. What is a thesis statement?The most important sentence in your paper●Lets the reader know the main idea of the paper●Answers t he question: “What am I trying to prove?●Not a factual statement, but a claim that has to be proven throughout the paper7. What is the role of the thesis statement?●The thesis statement should guide your reader through your argument.●The thesis statement is generally located in the introduction of the paper.● A thesis statement may also be located within the body of the paper or in the conclusion, depending uponthe purpose or argument of the paper.How Do People Keep HealthyAs the living standard improves more and more people are paying attention to their health conditions. Different people usually have different ways to stay healthy. In my opinion, the most important thing is to keep a healthy attitude toward life.It is true that physical factors affect on e’s health conditions a great deal, but at the same time, we should not neglect the mental factors. Many scientific researches have shown that anger, suspicion and envy do great harm to human bodies while being optimistic can cure some small diseases. We have also heard of many people who live much longer than doctors’ prediction after they have been diagnosed incurable diseases. That is, because they keep a good mood and struggle with the difficulties in life. Compared with those people who suffer serious physical pain, we healthy people are much more lucky and therefore have more reasons to maintain a healthy attitude to life no matter what kind of hardship life may give us.People use all kinds of methods to keep healthy because they want to live happily. Then in my point of view, there is no other way than keeping a healthy attitude toward life can make people happier or more healthy, both physically and mentally..Should Raising Pets be Banned?With the steady growth in the coun try’s economy as well as the people’s living standard, a great many city dwellers take up the hobby of keeping pets. To their mind, pets bring great happiness and fun to their life. In reality, pets have become a member of the pet owner’s family. However, recently this phenomenon has triggered a heated discussion as to whether city people should be allowed to raise pets. There are people on both sides of the argument who have very strong feelings.The pet lovers claim that raising a pet benefits us a lot. First of all, a pet is a faithful and obedient companion to its owner. Pets are affectionate and cute. Secondly, they possess the inborn ability to entertain people, providing a rich source of pleasure and fun. They help people rid their loneliness and ease the tense life pressure. Moreover, keeping a pet does good to childr5en’s psychological development,because it teaches children how to care for others and how to appreciate life while helping them to cultivate a strong sense of responsibility. Pets also have some practical uses. They can be a loyal companion, a doorkeeper or a guide dog. In some special cases, pets even act as the protector and savior of the owner. In a word, there are many advantages to keeping a pet at home.On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly condemn this hobby. From their point of view, pets bring far more harm than good to us city dwellers. To begin with it is a costly and time-consuming hobby. You have to accommodate them, care for them and spend time with them. How can a bustling city person afford that? Moreover, it is very dirty. They litter everywhere and may carry some fatal viruses, which are great threats to human health. They even spread some infectious diseases to their owners and sometimes even those people around the. Last of all, they are troublemakers to the neighborhood. Some pet dogs or cats enjoy barking or miaowing at midnight, which is an irritating disturbance to the neighbors. Pets may sometimes attack neighbors and passers-by. On some occasions, they cause some damage to other’s property. On any accounts, they are unwelcome and troublesome.J ust as the saying goes, “so many people, so many minds”, it is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person. As far as I am concerned, it is advisable not to keep a pet in a city, because this hobby brings us more drawbacks than merits. If there were too many pets running on the streets, baking at night, lettering everywhere better give up this hobby for the common good.Unit 3: 说明文和描写文（Exposition and description）1. What is an exposition?Exposition means explaining or expounding something, the purpose of which is to inform or instruct, to make the reader understand what he reads. It is a kind of writing that is used often by a scientist, a specialist, a professional or a college student. In expository writing, the writer may present a concept, a process or a fact, and explain it by using the ways of listing the elements or steps, which make up the concept, the process or the fact. It deals with processes and relationships mainly.2. What are the common methods of writing an exposition?Illustration by example●Division and classification: The purpose of division is to divide a thing into parts and it is used to dealwith one thing.●Classification is used to organize things sharing certain qualities and the purpose of which is to groupthese things systematically.●Comparison and contrast: a comparison means the way to explain how things are similar; butcontrast explains how tings are different.●Cause and effect: it means a piece of expository writing which shows or explains the cause and effectof something.Definition: it means the way that a writer uses when he wants to introduce to the reader a new and unfamiliar term or concept.3. What is a Description?Description is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene.My favorite ColorWhen referring to colors, we have certain aspects of them. For instance, red may stand for passion, white for peace and purity, black for mystery, and so on. As far as I am concerned, blue is my favorite color, and there are a brief story and reasons behind it.The story could be traced back to my childhood. At the age of 8, I received a gift from my dear grandparents who paid their first overseas visit to Japan. It was a blue Mickey Mouse watch. The watchband was made of leather dyed in navy blue, and the watchcase was also of navy stainless with inside a cutenavy-uniformed Mickey Mouse whose hands pointed at the hours and minutes. At that time, about 22 years ago, this kind of watch was rare and Mickey Mouse seemed to me a fairytale which I could only imagine instead of possessing the real object; therefore, every time I put the watch on, I gained jealousy from my peer and classmate s. In other words, this behavior satisfied my childish vanity then. However, since it was a delicate and beautiful watch, I seldom put it on. On one rainy evening, my younger sister, Wen-fang, had a serious fever. Having decided to take her to see a do ctor, my mother had my brother on her back, held my other 2 sisters’ hands and asked me to embrace my sick young sister, and we walked half an hour to the clinic. After coming home, I found my Mickey Mouse watch disappeared. I hurried to seek for my lost watch in the exact path that we walked through, but couldn’t find it. I was quite sad about it, but fortunately, my sister soon recovered under the doctor’s treatment. Till now, I still remember that lost blue watch vividly and from then on, I made a specia l and favorable impression on blue.Moreover, it is magical that blue sky and blue sea have enchanting and amazing power over me. Whenever I am depressed, I especially enjoy looking up the blue sky and if it is allowed, I like going to see the deep blue oc eans as well. It’s a great relief to see the blue color, and it really soothes my nerves. Under this enormous blue vault, I, myself, and my depression are too tiny to be compared to it; the peaceful deep blue seas with the touchable melody of which the waves compose is the best cure for my unhappiness or sadness.To sum up, my definition of blue stands for relief and freedom of soul. Though some may consider blue is a sign of gloom, since I am an optimistic and independent person, when I am blue, I will tell myself to look on the bright side instead of including myself into being over sorrowful. I favor blue for its fine distinction and definition as mentioned above. Hence, I consider that no other colors are more suitable to me than blue.The Pet I KeptMany people have an experience of raising a pet. They may have different feeling and sensations towards their pets. No matter how they feel, the same feeling of having a pet is love. People treat their pets with love and the pets also spend their whole lives companying with their masters. When we have pets, we have to take care and love them. Therefore, keeping a pet is not a tough work but as a good learning experience to learn how to be responsible and patient.I kept a dog as a pet when I was in elementary school. Its name was “little white” because it was white in color. I got the puppy from my classmate because there were too many dogs after his mother-dog reproduced. He wanted me to pick up one from 7 puppies. I choose “little white” because it has a pair of beautiful and bright eyes and a very cute face. I happily brought it home and cleaned it and fed with milk. From that moment, the puppy became one of my family members.Few months later, when it grew up, it became a big dog with a short month, sharp teeth, bright eyes, a small black nose, fox-like ears and a feather duster-like tail. It had bad temper and was interested in bitinganything, especially people. I was been one of the victims. Although it got a terrible temper, it gave me the unforgettable and happy moments during my childhood.After possessing “little white”, I could have a little realization about how difficult of being parents. The puppy could have faces anywhere in the house and I got to clear them up. The defecation smelt bad and made me feel vomitive. Every time after I cleaned the feces, I shout to the puppy to release my bad emotion of cleaning the stink shit. Besides, I had to catch the fleas, which are too small to be caught on the puppy. Moreover, I had to clean the puppy regularly. The puppy was so hated to be scrub that it ran away when it heard “taking washing”. Therefore, every time I had to chase the dog on the street and catch it back and then tie it up and give a rinse. Thus, cleaning dog is not only a hard work but also an exhausted exercise.However, having a pet did not mean having a trouble. Sometimes, a pet can play an important role in our mental health. For example, when I was in bad mood, the puppy became my royal listener and stayed with me and never could not “complain” because it could not speak “human language” to grumble at me. When I was in good mood, I played with the dog and shared my happiness through having good time on the playground or giving some special abundant meals. On the contrary, the dog also had its own emotions and would have many special method of expressing its feeling. For instance, when “little white” was in good mood, it would ask me to play with it by “throwing” its “toys”, such as the fake bones or some clothes it liked to sleep with. Also, the “little white” had emotional reactions and would show its feeling on face. When the dog was happy, it would not only shake its tail but also “smile”. When the dog felt bored, it would ask me to play with it by biting my pants. When the puppy wanted to go out for fun, it would scratch the door and bark. When the dog was hungry, it would bark like “begging”. Although the puppy could not talk, it also could express its feeling through many ways In addition, the “little white” was also the security guide of family because of its “sharp nose, ears, and bad temper”. The dog almost barked at and bit anyone who tried to get into my house, including our friends, classmates, neighbors, visitors, and even the passerby except my family. Therefore, when the visitors came, we had to catch the “little white” and locked it into the “toilet” until the visitor left. After a long time, all my friends knew that I had a very bad temper dog.. As a result, keeping a pet is not a tough work but a good learning experience to learn how to be responsible and patient. After raising a dog, I not only learn how to take care of a dog but also realize that “little white” as a pet is a life, which has feelings and thought as human did and spends all its life with me, and depends on me, and trusts me. Therefore, I shall cherish the relation between us.Unit 4: 实用文（Practical writings）1. What aspects should you pay attention to when you design a cover letter?Whether mailing or hand-delivering a resume, always include a short covering letter. The following aspects you should especially pay attention to:●Address your letter to an individual, not to a title alone. Although you may address your resume to Mr.Patrick Burns, Marketing Manager, don't address your letter (or envelope) to Marketing Manager. The employer may conclude that, because you were unable or unwilling to search out his actual name,you will demonstrate an equal lack of initiative on the job. He may be instinctively more sympatheticto the applicant who uses his correct name.●Stipulate the type of job you are applying for. If you don't mention the specific job or type of work, itimplies that you are simply looking for "work." If so, you may not be the interested, motivated, anddedicated individual that the employer is looking for. Tell also what caused you to apply, whether anadvertisement, the recommendation of a friend who works there, etc, or your own research, etc. Bedirect and to the point. Don't waste the employer's time.●Be specific and factual. Mention any personal characteristics that may be relevant to the opening. Bespecific and factual. Avoid generalities and exaggeration. Back up any claim modestly and succinctly.●Be direct and natural. Write as if you were speaking face to face to the employer. Avoid ostentation.Stay clear of complicated grammar.●Be brief. Keep the letter to one page. Write as if you were speaking face to face to the employer.Avoid ostentation. Stay clear of complicated grammar.●Be brief. Keep the letter to one page.●Propose a next step (e.g., a meeting).●Tailor your letter to different readers. Although you may want to send the same resume to allemployers, you probably should vary the covering letter somewhat in order to emphasize differentinterests or strengths. Certain of your qualifications may be of more importance to one employer than to another.2. Write on Answer sheet one a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:You have heard that your friend, Jack, wishes to sell his walkman. Write him a note expressing your interest in it, asking him about its condition and offering a price for it.December 7, 2011 Dear Jack,I have heard that you want to sell your walkman. You know, I want to buy a used walkman in order to do some listening practice. I want to know if your walkman functions well. And I offer 200 yuan to buy it. Please give me some detailed information about it as soon as possible.Yours sincerelyHenryEnglish DepartmentZhejiang UniversityWenzhou,325608ChinaDec. 21, 20113. Write a business letter to your customer to talk about the price your company offers to buy his/hercomputers. You think that the price he/she offers is too high and you think that 5800 RMB for eachcomputer is better for both sides. Now write a business letter to express this intention. Pay attention to the form of a business letter.Wang YingzhiEnglish DepartmentZhejiang UniversityWenzhou, 325608ChinaOct.20, 2011Prof. Harvey MillerComputer International444 Madison AvenueNew York, NY 10022U.S.ADear Prof. Harvey:Last weekend ,I had read the price your company offers to buy your computers. I think that the price you offered is too high. I would be very grateful if you could sell 5800 RMB for each computer .We are all looking forward to your reply.Yours Sincerely,Wang Yingzhi 4. Suppose now you are a freshman (大一学生) in a college. You want to have a part-time job. Yet yourparents don’t agree with you and urge you to focus your time and energy on your study. Now write a letter no less than 150 words to tell them the importance and value of part-time job to a college student, ensure them that you can balance your study and the part-time job well, and therefore persuade them to agree with your choice at last.Pay attention to the form of a letter: the heading, the salutation, complementary ending , and makeyour letter as powerful as possible.October 20, 2011Dear,In our country there are more and more college students undertaking a part-time job or even more than one part-time job. It’s becoming quite common to see students busy running errands after lessons.Although it is a truth that for a college student, his most important goal must be to learn well and to get a high score in examinations, it surely does not need to be the only target. In fact, college life which consists of only study is not balanced and may cause the student to miss out on other valuable learning experiences. In addition to bringing more balance to a student’s life, part-time work can broaden his social experience. He will have the precious opportunity to meet people from all walks of life and will be faced with a wider variety of problems to solve. Furthermore, work helps a student to develop greater independence, and earning his own pocket money can teach him how to handle his finances. Finally, a part-time job can help a student to develop a greater sense of responsibility and team-work spirit, both for his own work and for that of the team he works with.For all of these reasons above, I firmly believe that most students would benefit from taking a part-time job while they are at college. Of course, they must be careful not to let it take up too much of their time because study is still their primary responsibility. To sum up, living a balanced life is the best way to be successful.Sincerely,Wang Yingzhi。
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高分作文起始段引入主题的常用句式1. As the popular proverb says...2. As a popular saying goes…In my opinion, what really counts is not….3. One of the universal issues causes increasing concern is that…4. According to the information given in the table/graph/picture, we can find that…5. According to a recent survey, in the last few years, quite a number of young people...6. Now many people prefer…because it hasa significant role in our daily life.7. Recently the problem…has been brought into focus/brought to public attention.8. In recent few years, there is a sharp increase/decline in…9. In the past few years, a trend of…has been becoming more and more clear.10. It seems that the whole society is talking about…11. The past decade has witnessed a steadyrise in…12. Recently, the problem of … has aroused people’s concern.13. Nowadays …plays an important role in our life.14. From the above graph/picture it is evident/clear/obvious/apparent that…2. 中间段的展开方式中间段是四级作文的主体段落，这个部分是考生语言能力的主要体现，也是作文成败的关键。
中间段是主题的展开与延伸，因此中间段要紧紧围绕主题展开文章的脉络。
中间段对首段的承接方式主要有列举法、因果法、例证法、分类法和比较法等。
本书提供了四级写作中各种活学活用模板及句式练习，此处精选了常用过渡词汇与句式：中间高分作文常用过渡词汇与句式1. Obviously, similarly2. In addition to... therefore,3. The change in... mainly result from...4. Many people would claim that...5. There are numerous reasons why....6. There are several measures for us to adopt. First, We can…Another solution is to…7. Confronted with…we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation8. Several factors contribute to the sharp increase/rise/derease/fall/deduction/ in the amount of…9. The explanation of the problem involves many factors.10. There are numerous reasons why…and Ishall here explore/state only a few of themost important ones.11. When asked about/ When it comes to/ Faced with …, some people12. It is generally believed that...13. A comparison between these changes may be a good way to learn more about...14. This is what we are unwilling to see, so some way must be found out15. The same is true of many cases in life.16. If this is true/the case, what accounts for such an issue?17. Most people have realized the seriousness/potential of what this survey exposes...18. Whether the definition/interpretation of... is constant or changeable…3. 结尾段的表达方式结尾段是首段与中间主体段发展的自然结果，它与前面两个段落相互呼应，在文章结构和脉络上形成统一的整体。
结尾要概括全文，深化主题，在全文中起着画龙点睛的作用。
结尾段的写作方法：1) 总结归纳简要总结归纳文章要点，从而深化主题印象。
In a word, I think the university campus should be open to the tourists.2) 重申主题再次强调和明确文章开头阐述的中心思想。
Admittedly, science has created atomic bombs and produced pervasive pollution. However, it has transformed the lives of millions of people. It has multiplied man’s energy, hopes, ambitions, and understanding. It has elevated and will continue to elevate man intellectually and spiritually.3) 预测展望围绕首段和主体段，立足当前，放眼未来。
Undoubtedly, the rapid economic growth, heightened environmental consciousness and support of people are all having a favorable impact on our society. Now, we are increasingly confident that China is capable of hosting the best Olympic Games on earth.4) 提出建议提出解决问题的途径、方法或呼吁人们采取相应的行动。
There are several ways to create and maintain a harmonious dormitory life. Firstly, you have to evaluate your life style and try tocultivate a good living and studying habit. Then, when an annoying situation occurs, you will have to deal with it properly and patiently. Finally, you will have to tolerate your roommates even if he has irregular living habits. In short/in summary/in brief, we should try our best to build a harmonious dormitory atmosphere for the purpose of desirable university life.5) 提出问题提出发人深省的问题，从而突出中心思想。
Old people may choose to live alone for themselves and even embrace this living pattern. Nevertheless, in the deep part of their hearts, they must feel lonely. They need their children to stay with, to talk with, and take care of them. Why can’t young people think of the days when they are getting old?高分作文结尾段常用句式1. It is essential that effective actions should be taken to end the situation.2. It is necessary that immediate measures should be taken to (do…)3. Undoubtedly, adequate attention should be paid to…4. It is clear, therefore, that the task of…demands great attention.5. It is no doubt that special attention must be paid to the problem of …6. For the reasons given above, I strongly recommend that…7. We must call for an immediate action,because the current tendency, if permitted to continue, will surely lead to…8. As far as I am concerned, I prefer the former/the latter.9. In my opinion, both of the above views are only partly right.10. Here are many choices for us to attain the purpose．11. It is high time that something was done about it．12. To be frank, I cannot agree with their opinion for the reason below.4．小结各个段落是一篇文章的组成部分，又是一个个自成一体、相对独立的整体。