广东省汕头市高二下学期教学质量测评试题语文
最新-2018学年高二语文下学期质量检测试题及答案 精品
2018—2018学年下学期期中考试高二年级语文试题一．基础知识（8分，每小题2分）1．下列词语中没有错别字的一组是A．地崩山催舞榭歌台信誓旦旦锲而不舍，金石可镂B．及尔揩老羽扇纶巾余音袅袅夙兴夜寐，靡有朝矣C．冯虚御风锲而不舍封狼居胥廉颇老矣，尚能饭否D．雕栏玉切如怨如慕骐骥一跃一夫当关，万夫莫开2．下列语句中加点词语使用恰当的一项是A．这些人对茶也形成了偏见，以为中国茶只是下里巴人．．．．解渴的东西，档次不高，一般隆重场合，总是端出英国红茶，似乎唯此才够贵族。
B．一名十岁女孩到某书城买书，不幸从自动扶梯上坠落身亡，当时有位先生目睹了这扣人心弦．．．．的一幕。
C．在京剧舞台上，出来四个龙套……他们相互将手中的刀枪随意地碰几下，口作吆喝状，就表示已经打过一场战争。
这对外国人来讲，是不可理喻．．．．的。
D．说来实在可气，我们研究所限于技术设备，不得不把古生物遗骸千里迢迢地送到外国去鉴定，不仅耗时费钱，还得仰人鼻息．．．．。
3．下列各句中没有语病的一句是（）A、北京奥运会主场馆“鸟巢”钢结构主体工程开始合拢，此举标志着设计新颖，造型独特的钢结构工程进入倒计时阶段，也标志着这一抽象的别致的建筑，通过中国建筑工人的巧手正在变为现实。
B、通过这次“反盗版百日行动”权利人签名活动，将鼓舞著作权人打击盗版、保护知识产权的信心，激励广大创作者创作出更多更好的作品，为社会主义精神文明建设做出更大的贡献。
C、一场原本不具看点的比赛，竟至于踢到最后一刻的时刻，中国队才靠一记点球得胜，虽胜犹败。
这样的胜利使新加坡队平添了下个月主场对付中国队的信心，增加了中国队再战新加坡队的难度。
D、公众之所以对明星参政表示出如此之大的非议，一方面与明星个人的因素有关，但在更大的程度上则表明我国目前的相关制度还存在诸多不完善，约束力还很乏力。
4．在下面语段画线处选填一组连贯、恰当的语句。
______________。
书能教你为人宽厚，心地善良，使你生出纯真、热情的气质。
广东汕头市金山中学高二下学期第十一周周练语文试题word版含答案
1．依次填入下列横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是（）①再全面的维生素补充剂对健康的弥补作用也不能___膳食结构不合理带来的损害。
想要保持健康，更重要的是维持饮食的平衡和适度运动。
②在自然环境中怎样才能____病虫害的侵袭呢？与松树共生，就是杨树通过长期自然演化选择的一种自我保护方式。
③有些人严重缺乏安全感，他们把说谎作为一种自我______手段，总是下意识地保护自己，不愿自己的任何行为和心思被人知道。
④现实生活中没有法外之地，互联网同样没有。
查处淫秽网站，_____网络暴力，是净化网络环境的需要，更是建立法治社会的需要。
A．抵制抵消防御抵御B．抵消抵御防御抵制C．抵制防御抵御抵消D．抵消抵制抵御防御2．在下面一段话空缺处依次填人词语，最恰当的一组是（3分）最使我艳羡的还是园林艺术家化平淡为神奇的。
某些树木当植当伐；某些花卉当疏当密；何处须巧借地形，顺势筑坡；何处又宜少见轩敞，：所有这一切都煞费心血，但又不露惨淡经营的痕迹，正像一帧名作脱稿前画师那奇绝而的点睛之笔。
A．用心别树一帜浑成B．匠心别树一帜饱满C．匠心别有洞天浑成D．用心别有洞天饱满3．下列句子中加点的俗语，使用不正确的一项是（3分）A．世界上热点问题不少，按下葫芦起了瓢。
解决这些问题要得理又得法，一味示强施压不行，外部武力干预更要不得，政治解决是唯一出路。
B．河北省的领导在签约会上表示，为京津冀整体协同发展，一家人不说两家话，河北将全力建好永清服装城，确保北京的服装商场如期迁入。
C．俗话说：兵马未动，粮草先行。
刚进入4G时代，抢占市场的“搏杀”已见端倪，几大运营商争相推出各种优惠套餐，在价格上做足了文章。
D．“今天请各位老同学来，为咱们县的发展献计献策，我只备下清茶一杯，君子之交淡如水嘛！”县长话音一落，老同学们报以一片笑声和掌声。
4．下面语段中画线的词语，使用不恰当的一项是与连篇累牍的电视剧本身相比，剧中翻书的动作、人物的坐姿等，只是一些细节。
2021年高二下学期期末学业质量调查测试语文试题 Word版含答案
2021年高二下学期期末学业质量调查测试语文试题 Word版含答案一、语言文字运用（18分）1．下列词语中加点字的读音全都正确的一项是（3分）（▲）A．庶．出（shù）佃．户（diàn）眼翳．（yì）讷．口少言（nè）B．黥．布（qióng）稽．首（qǐ）狞．笑（níng）按捺．不住（nà）C．狡黠（xiá）偌．大（ruò）押解．（jiě）怏．怏不乐（yàng）D．纸笺．（jiān）炽．热（zhì）拙．劣（zhuō）掷．地有声（zhì）2．下列句子中加点词的意义相同的一组是（▲）（3分）A．孔子知言之不用．用．此，其将兵数困辱B．上官大夫见而欲夺．之驰入齐王壁，夺．其军C．九年而水不息．晚有儿息．D．平原君使者冠盖相属．于魏然亡国破家相随属．3．下列各句中，加点的熟语不能改换的一项是（▲）（3分）A．“衣来伸手，饭来张口．．．．．．．．．”？那可不行。
你可得再仔细琢磨琢磨。
（换成“坐享其成”）B．在那个动乱的年代，人们即使蒙受了再大的冤屈也只好打落牙齿往肚子里咽．．．．．．．．．，有苦也不敢随便对人诉啊！（换为“饮恨吞声”）C．他站在门口微笑着说：“老王同志啊，你这样连着几天白天黑夜连轴转．．．．．．．，可别累坏了身子骨啊！”（换为“通宵达旦”）D．可别小瞧了咱这个班子，一个老生，一个花脸，一个小生，那可都是走南闯北都叫得响．．．．．．．．的角儿呀！（换为“出类拔萃”）5．在下面语段的横线处仿写。
（4分）有许多汉字．通过巧妙的联想和想象，可以给人某种有益的启迪。
例如：“思”——勤耕“心”上“田”，“思”想才会获得丰收。
又如：“问”——只要开“口”“问”，学习就有“门”。
又如：“偏”——有了“偏”见，常常会把“人”看“扁”了。
再如：“______”——_______________________________________ 。
广东省部分学校2020-2021学年下学期高二语文期末解析版试卷分类汇编：古诗阅读专题(含解析)
古诗阅读专题广东省汕尾市2020-2021学年高二语文下学期期末考试试题(二)古代诗歌阅读(本题共2小题，9分)阅读下面的这首宋诗，完成15-16题。
王充道送水仙花五十枝欣然会心为之作咏①黄庭坚凌波仙子生尘袜，水上轻盈步微月。
是谁招此断肠魂?种作寒花寄愁绝。
含香体素欲倾城，山矾是弟梅是兄。
坐对真成②被花恼，出门一笑大江横。
[注]①黄庭坚曾被卷人新旧党的斗争后被贬谪到四川，51岁时，奉召回到湖北，在荆州沙市候命。
这年冬天，作者在沙市写了四首有关水仙花的诗,以这首诗最为有名。
王充道，作者的友人，当时在荆州做官。
②真成：真个是。
15.下列对这首诗的赏析，不正确的一项是(3分)A.首联用洛神的形象来写水仙，把植立盆中不动的花朵，写成“轻盈”漫步的仙子,化静为动，化物为人，凌空取神，把水仙的姿态写得非常动人。
B.颔联由洛神转到花，点出洛神是用以比花，进一步把花人格化，表现作者对花有深情，表现出它有一种“楚楚可怜”之态，像美人心中带有“断肠魂”一样，使人为之“愁绝”。
C.颈联上句仍从水仙说，用“倾城”美人比喻花的清香洁白的芳韵；下句则拿山矾、梅花来比较，说水仙在梅花之下而居山矾之上。
D.尾联上句“坐对真成被花恼”是说作者因看到水仙花很美而触发美好事物转瞬即逝而“被花恼”，总结全诗，感叹韶华易逝、美景难再的感伤和烦恼之情。
16.结合写作背景，从表达感情和顿悟真理的角度，赏析尾联末句“出门一笑大江横”的妙处。
(6分)广东省阳江市2020-2021学年下学期期末考试高二语文试题(二古代诗歌阅读(本题共2小题，9分)阅读下面这首宋诗，完成15~16题。
壬戌二月徐玑山城二月景如何，行处时时听踏歌。
淡色似黄杨叶小，浓香如蜜菜花多。
春容每到晴时改，天气偏从雨后和。
好向溪头寻钓侣，小溪边夕涨清波。
15．下列对这首诗的赏析，不正确的一项是(3分)A．诗歌以“二月景如何”问句起笔，引出了下文对二月之景的描绘。
B．”时时“一词有断断续续之意，意味着此时出门踏青的行人尚稀少。
广东省汕头市金山中学2013-2014学年高二下学期期末考试语文试卷及答案
汕头金山中学2013-2014学年第二学期高二期末考试语文科试卷2014．6命题人：汤清香林莉闫葳许佳玲一、本大题4小题，每小题3分，共12分。
1.下列词语中加点的字，读音完全正确．．．．的一项是（）（3分）A. 赘疣．（yōu）嗤．笑（chī）怵．然（s hù）佯．装（yáng）B. 逦迤．（yí）吊唁．（yàn）圭臬．（niâ）妃嫔．（bīn）C. 摽．掠（piáo）鏖．战（áo）戛．然（gǎ）罹．难（lí）D. 泫．然（xuàn）锱．铢（zī）狎．笑（xiá）暄．妍（xuān）2.下列加点的词语使用正确．．的一项是（）（3分）A．尽管中欧光伏贸易争端暂告一段落，但光伏企业国际环境仍面临诸多不确定因素，未来我国光伏行业如何发展，尚无法盖棺定论．．．．。
B.首批17家基金公司淘宝旗舰店周五正式开张，但是首日成交情况却是差强人意．．．．，不少上线产品的成交量只有个位数，甚至“零成交”。
C．快速阅读不利于深入思考，看上去读得多，读得快，但“上心”的并不多。
长此以往．．．．，文化会变得浮泛和肤浅。
D．中国传统戏曲《钟馗》在唱腔上气宇轩昂．．．．与低婉深沉并重，将人鬼两界及人物感情表现得淋漓尽致，产生了极强的艺术感染力。
3.下列句子中，没有语病．．．．的一项是（）（3分）A．雾霾天气的形成既有气象条件的影响，也与大气污染物排放增加有关，为减少雾霾，政府还需要进一步加大大气环境治理和保护。
B．纵观古今，我们不难发现，决定国家兴盛衰亡的原因固然很多，但政府是否清正廉洁确实是制约国家健康发展的重要因素。
C．作为“第三次工业革命重要标志之一”的3D打印技术，目前被各国艺术家用于复杂的中小型雕塑作品创作和按原比例缩小的概念模型制作。
D．国土资源部日前公布了稀土采矿证最新名单，全国稀土采矿证的数量由此前的113个削减到67个。
河北省示范性高中2023-2024学年高二下学期期中质量检测联合测评语文试题(含答案)
绝密★启用前河北省示范性高中高二年级期中质量检测联合测评语文班级______姓名______注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名和考号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，18分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。
材料一：据俄罗斯《独立报》3月26日报道，夜间睡眠减少每年给全球经济造成数千亿美元的损失。
最新数据显示，中国人现在平均每天睡眠时间不足7小时，这比12年前少了近2小时。
据俄联邦国家统计局的数据，俄居民的平均睡眠时间略多于8小时，但靠岗位上休息和降低生产效率来弥补夜间睡眠不足的现象正越来越普遍。
根据美国的研究，工人睡眠不足每年给美国经济造成的损失超过4000亿美元，日本约为1400亿美元，德国超过600亿美元。
俄罗斯目前还没有对损失的总体估计，但保险公司注意到，因睡眠不足引发的疾病已造成巨额赔付。
雇主们指出，由于员工周期性的瞌睡，工作效率普遍下降。
自新冠病毒流行以来，工人的困倦程度也有所增加，这已被证明会产生长期后果。
夜间睡眠减少的主要原因是各种电子设备的激增、沉溺社交网络以及压力水平的普遍增加，日前，中国睡眠研究会发布《2024中国居民睡眠健康白皮书》。
报告指出，中国人平均睡眠时长为6.75小时，28%的人群夜间睡眠时长不超过6小时；近三分之二的中国人（64%）表示睡眠质量差，夜间周期性醒来，入睡困难或早上突然比计划早醒。
借助可穿戴电子设备对净睡眠时间的测量表明，俄罗斯人平均每天睡6.83小时。
俄罗斯睡眠学家协会主席罗曼·布祖诺夫指出：“平均睡眠时间不足6小时会增加患心血管疾病、糖尿病、肥胖、痴呆、某些癌症和其他一系列疾病的风险。
广东省部分地区 高二语文期末试卷汇编：古代诗歌阅读
14. 下列对这首诗的理解和赏析，不正确的一项是（ ）
A. 诗人缘题而起，开篇即言其悲，对人生迟暮、天气转寒、忙于生计发出悲伤的感叹。
B. “数分”显叶之渐变，秋晚降霜，“数分”红叶冲淡了诗人心中因叶黄而带来的悲意。
16. 请简要分析本诗所表达的思想感情。
【答案】15. D 16. ①迷茫孤寂之情。诗人半醉倚栏，放目远眺，三山渺渺，遥不可达；自比渔翁，独钓寒江，表达了诗人迷茫、孤寂的心情。
②不被重用的不满。清风拂林，横吹玉笛，紫云覆鼎，金丹将熟，表面上看诗人似有当炼丹术士的想法，其实是正话反说，实则表达了诗人对自己不被重用的不满。
阅读下面这首宋诗，完成下面小题。
夜登山亭
陆游
飞观峥嵘天宇宽，幽人半醉凭阑干。
三山①渺渺鸾鹤远，七泽②茫茫蓑笠寒。
清吹拂林横玉笛，紫云覆鼎熟金丹。
童颜绿鬓无人识，回首尘寰一梦残。
【注】①三山：原指传说中的蓬莱、方丈、瀛洲三座神山；这里也可指眼前所见之山。②七泽：相传古时楚有七处沼泽，后以七泽泛称楚地诸湖泊。
D. 最后三句，在引出女主人公告别之语的同时，突出其复杂的心理变化，恰如其分地把握了送别女子时而含蓄时而坦率的情感。
16. 送行女子是一个怎样的形象？她的临别赠言表现了怎样的心理活动？
【答案】15. B 16. 送行女好是一个多情善感、依依不舍、痴情却又爽利的形象。短短的嘱咐被哽咽之声打断。先说“保重将息”过于缠绵，见对方难分难舍后，马上勉励对方“前程万里”，既鼓励对方，又借此淡释别恨。
首先理解颈联的意思，然后结合技巧分析效果。
“春水别来应到海，小松生命合禁霜”是说诗人想到流去的春水，应有到海的时侯，它载去人们送别之情，祝愿它流进大海，汇成那雄波巨澜，在奔腾浩瀚、无边无际的海洋中，有它一份生命的力量；接着又想到山上的青松，青松的生命，是耐得住风霜的，在风欺霜打之后，依然虬枝奋昂，老干撑天，丝毫不带有畏怯的样子。前句以“应到海”表示推测，是写他人；后句以“合经霜”表示理所当然，是写诗人自己。前句于吟想中见柔情，是对他人的怀思；后句于激奋中见劲节，是诗人对自己的策励。这两句表面写的是“春水”“小松”，实则写人，“应”“合”表明是想象，同时赋予事物以人的特点，体现了心胸的开拓和精神的振奋。
江苏省常州高级中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期中质量检查语文试题(含答案)
常州高级中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期中质量检查语文试卷2024年4月24日注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将含有自己姓名、学号信息的条形码粘贴在答题卡指定位置。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，统一上交答题卡。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题，19分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
①自发明相机以来，世界上便盛行一种特别的英雄主义：视域的英雄主义。
摄影打开一种全新的自由职业活动模式——允许每个人展示某种独特、热忱的感受力。
摄影师们出门去作文化、阶级和科学考察，寻找夺人心魄的影像。
不管花费多大的耐性和忍受多大的不适，他们都要以这种积极的、渴求吸取的、评价性的、不计酬劳的视域形式，来诱捕世界。
阿尔弗雷德·施蒂格利茨自豪地报告说，在1893年2月20日，他曾在一场暴风雪中站立三小时，“等待恰当时刻”,拍摄他那张著名的照片《第五大街，冬天》。
这种追求，已成为大众心目中摄影师的商标。
到20世纪20年代，摄影师已像飞行员和人类学家一样，成为现代英雄。
大众报纸的读者被邀请去与“我们的摄影师”一道，作“发现之旅”,参观各种新领域，诸如“从上面看世界”“放大镜下的世界”“每日之美”“未见过的宇宙”“光的奇迹”“机器之美”以及可在“街上找到”的画面。
②日常生活的神化，以及只有相机才能揭示的那种美——眼睛完全看不到或通常不能孤立起来看的物质世界的一角，譬如从飞机上俯瞰——这些是摄影师的主要征服目标。
有一阵子，特写似乎是摄影最具独创性的观看方法。
摄影师发现随着他们更窄小地裁切现实，便出现了宏大的形式。
在19世纪40年代初，多才多艺、心灵手巧的福克斯·塔尔博特不仅制作传统绘画中常见题材的照片，而且把相机对准贝壳、蝴蝶翅膀，对准他书房里两排书的一部分。
广东省汕头市2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末普通高中教学质量监测英语试题(含答案)
试卷类型：A 汕头市2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末普通高中教学质量监测英语本试卷共8页，满分120分。
考试用时120分。
注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。
2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。
答案不能答在试卷上。
试题序号从“21”开始。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答无效。
4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AWild Times In The Lone Star StateWhether you are enjoying the atmosphere in old-time towns, hiking into untouched wilderness or preparing for horseback adventures, the plains, grasslands and valleys of Texas make for an astonishing journey. This is a land rich in natural wonders—read on to discover how you could absorb yourself in a little authentic western culture.Hike A Natural WonderLocated in the Texas, Palo Duro is the second largest canyon(峡谷) in North America, dropping more than 240 metres. The highlight of along walk in this rough but beautiful region is to climb to the Lighthouse, a sandstone rock structure. From here, you will be amazed at the view across miles of dramatic Texas wilderness.Enjoy An Enchanted DuskShaped like a large, pink loaf of bread, the Enchanted Rock stands 130m highat the top. Hike up to its summit before sunset to take in the view across the uneven land below-and listen carefully: as night falls, you might just hear the rock start to make a screeching noise, just as the old legends insist it does at dusk.Meet The Real CowboysFort Worth, as Texans will tell you, is known as Cowtown. Every morning and afternoon, a herd of longhorns moves along Exchange Avenue in the world’s only daily cattle drive. The cows are heading to the stockyards. This energetic district is full of exciting bars and restaurants set among grand early 20th-century buildings.Explore The DepthsPreviously only accessible to experienced explorers, a section of the Natural Bridge Caverns—a huge cave system near San Antonio—has now been opened to all comers. It includes a new viewing area overlooking a passage called the Box Canyon, which provides a natural theatre for a sound and light show.21. What is Texas abundant in?A. Natural attractions.B. Old legends.C. Grand buildings.D. Ancient towns.22. Which place is recommended to enjoy the sunset scenery?A. Palo Duro.B. The Enchanted Rock.C. Fort Worth.D. The Natural Bridge Caverns.23. What can be concluded about Texas from the text?A. The Box Canyon is a theatre for performers to put on shows.B. In Fort Worth, cowboys drive cattle to the bars and restaurants every day.C. Tourists can overlook the Texas wilderness in the Natural Bridge Caverns.D. Climbing to the Lighthouse is the most attractive part of the hike in Palo Duro.BWhen I was in senior high school, I was scared of writing application letters. One of my biggest fears was the fear of rejection. Keeping myself in a safe space and doing things that I know I can perform well was my favorite pastime. But I knew I had to make a change, so I tried to apply for the college myself.When I received the first reply letter, I was taking a class then. My heart was beating wildly while I waited for the school internet to connect faster. When I saw the letter starting with “Thank you for your application. After a careful review...”, I felt my face growing hotter. Although it was a college I was not thinking of going to even if I did get in, I was heart-broken.This fear is applicable anywhere else: the fear of having your projects or ideas rejected or even the fear of being rejected from your friend group, to name but a few. I cannot tell you how many times I passed up the opportunity because I always thought there were better applicants out there, and for this reason, I missed out on so many opportunities to grow.Even nowadays, when I get a rejection letter from a scholarship application, I have the same immediate reaction, no matter how many rejections I’ve gone through. But the aftermath(创伤) does get easier Every time I am rejected, I am able to bounce back and hand in another application more quickly. Along the journey of rejections, I realize that I am not incompetent, but that everyone else maybe more capable. And that is okay.This fear will never truly go away. I’m still terrified to write and publish my articles. But it is thrilling to know that I write what I want to say, explore my mind and learn more about myself. Uncertainty is scary, but without experiencing the scariness, we would never grow, would we?24. What can we know about the author’s applying for the college?A. He knew he could perform it well.B. He stepped out of his comfort zone.C. He was unwilling to make a change.D. He couldn’t write application letters25. What caused the author to give up so many chances to grow?A. His discontent at the chances.B. His inner uncertainty about himself.C. His poor ability to take up the task.D. His previous experiences of being rejected.26. How does the author respond to being rejected nowadays?A. He struggles with self-doubt.B. He doesn’t feel scared any longer.C. He makes faster adjustments.D. He feels disappointed and desperate.27. Which can be the best title for the text?A. Relieve yourself of fear.B. Brave the fear of rejection.C. Reject saying no to yourself.D. Seize the opportunity to grow.CFor 32 years, Brenda Richardson has provided nutrition(营养) services to a diverse group of people aged 50 and older. Her journey began in college when she took a nutrition course that lit up her passion to become a registered nutritionist.After earning an undergraduate degree in dietetics(膳食营养学) and institution administration, Richardson was selected to practice at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, ter, she worked at several military emergency facilities and then became the hospital chief of clinical dietetics. She also left active duty to work as a food buyer and nutrition educator for schools. “I am excited to see the real impact that food, nutrition and dining can have on the prevention and management of malnutrition and the quality of life for each kid.” she recalled.In 1987, Richardson was offered a role serving a different population in long-term care. She was not only a consultant for independent living, assisted living and nursing facilities, but a so worked with food producers and distributors to develop dietary supplement products for seniors. Additionally, she volunteered with some organizations, where she provided education and training for their members to serve the elderly. “While I enjoy working in emergency care and schools, I prefer working with my colleagues.to prove the value of nutrition for healthy aging,” she said. “It is so rewarding to see improvements in person-centered care, the prevention and-management of malnutrition and other diseases, and the positive impact nutrition on individuals’ daily lives.”In 2019, after being nominated by the HealthCare Community Dietetics Practice Group and Indiana Academy of Nutrition, Richardson received the Lenna Frances Cooper Memorial Lecture Award. “This is a great honor that represents Cooper’s heritage and leadership in the field of nutrition and dietetics,” she said. “Her heritage has enabled me to improve my life through evidence-based nutrition. I am honored and humble.”28. What motivated Richardson to be a registered dietitian at first?A. Her duty for schools.B. Her journey to a college.C. Her service for seniors.D. Her attendance in a nutrition course.29. What is Richardson’s special contribution as a dietitian?A. She served as a nutrition consultant for schools.B. She became director of clinical nutrition at the hospital.C. She volunteered with her fellows to prevent diseases for each kid.D. She devoted herself to serving the aging population through food and nutrition.30. What does the underlined word “nominated” mean in the last paragraph?A. Appointed.B. Named.C. Proposed.D. Distributed.31. Where is this article probably taken from?A. A health magazine.B. A senior service website.C. A nutrition cookbook.D. An education newspaper.DIf you’ve ever cooked a complex meal with someone, you know the level of cooperation required. American researchers recently showed that in a virtual kitchen, artificial intelligence (AI) learned how to cooperate with ahuman just by watching humans work together.There are some ways researchers have already trained AI to work with people. Many approaches involve reinforcement learning, where an AI interacts with an environment online-which can include other AIs or humans—and is rewarded for making decisions that lead to desired outcomes. Google Deep Mind’s program Alpha Go, for example, learned the board game Go using reinforcement learning.But starting training an AI from zero to interact with people through complete trial and error can waste a lot of time and can be risky. Another choice is to train one AI to model human behavior, and then use that as a tireless human replacement for another AI to learn to interact with. Researchers have used this method in a simple game. But repeating human behavior in more complex settings can be difficult.Thus in the study, researchers used offline reinforcement learning—a method for developing strategies by analyzing recorded behavior rather than through real-time interaction. Previously, offline reinforcement learning had been used mostly to help virtual robots move or to help AIs solve mazes (迷宫), but here it was applied to the tricky problem of working with humans. Instead of learning by interacting with people, this A I learned by watching human interactions.“The research work introduces away for AI to learn to team up with humans, without even practicing with us. It could help improve human-AI interactions.” says Nikolaidis, director of a lab.In the future, humans will increasingly work with AI, both online and in the physical world. Sometimes we’ll want an AI to silently guide our choices and strategies, like a good teammate who knows our weaknesses. “It solves an important problem how AI can learn to work with people,” says Nikolaidis.32. What is the function of reinforcement learning in the passage?A. It’s how AI learned to work with peopleB. It’s how researchers helped AI learn cooking.C. It’s how Google Deep Mind developed AlphaGo.D. It’s how AI got rewards for making correct choices.33. What is the advantage of offline reinforcement learning?A. It relies on real-time interaction.B. It helps AI learn by interacting with people.C. It takes less time and has less danger.D. It is realized through mistakes and corrections.34. What is AI expected to do in the future?A. To cook a complex meal on its own.B. To point out our weaknesses directly.C. To offer voiceless guidance sometimes.D. To solve difficult problems for humans.35. What is the text mainly about?A. AI learns cooperation by practising.B.AI learns cooking from humans.C. AI learns cooking without humans’ help.D.AI learns teamwork by watching humans.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
高二下学期第一次质量抽查语文试题
上海市杨浦区上海理工大学附中2020-2021学年高二下学期第一次质量抽查语文试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、现代文阅读阅读下文，完成各题。
①在当代，当越来越多的人把散文写作变成了一种养病的方式时，散文如何才能从心出发，吐露真言，便成了一个急需解决的问题。
否则，散文就容易落入旧话语模式里，要么人云亦云，要么昏昏欲睡。
②a.个人精微的感觉，独特的心灵敏感，语言的及物能力，以及细节的准确力量，往往被悬置在一旁。
b.今天，散文生产上的庞大数量之所以无法掩饰散文自身的贫乏，就是因为散文的写作普遍落到了公共话语的俗套之中，写作者援用的也多是被文化传统和意识形态暴力作用后的语言方式。
c.真正的散文，最需要警惕的，就是依附在陈旧的话语制度上，平庸地谈论一些大而无当的公共话题。
d.比如，当下追思古迹、缅怀历史的大散文获得了崇高的地位，赞美者几乎无一例外地提到了其中的文化关怀、悲悯之情，然而，这些文化关怀、悲悯之情又有多少来自于作者的独创？e.只有在语言中将自己那充满个性、自由且有锐利发现的感知贯彻出来，将文字引至思想、心灵和梦想的身旁．精神的奇迹才会在语言中崛现。
f.也正是基于这一点，福斯特才有“假如散文衰亡，思想也将同样衰亡，人类相互沟通的所有最好的道路都将因此而切断”的说法。
③贾平凹曾提倡“大散文”的概念，但我认为，这□□意在追求散文言说方式上的大，□□要倡扬一种散文精神的大境界、大气象。
贾平凹自己就是这样实践的。
他的散文，说书，说话，说人，说事，说生说死，谈奉承，请客，花钱，谈房子，打扮，玩牌，都是从微小的细节入文，趣味生动，精神也自在，没有陈规，整体上还给人许多开阔的想象。
我想，散文之大，应该指的就是这种从小而大的大；事是小的，但精神是大的。
如果反过来，事是大的，精神却是小的，那散文的气象和格局就完全不同了。
当今流行的许多散文，其实就是这个套路．．．．，作者一下笔，就摆开了架势，见到一块石头或一个古迹，就从《诗经》或古希腊开始说起，不断地往历史或精神的高大结论上去升华，结果，我们一旦想在文字里感受作者自身的精神气象，却发现是一个结结实实的无。
广东省部分地区 下学期高二语文期末试卷汇编：语言文字运用Ⅰ
B.支撑这刷新流量的“中国式浪漫”的，离不开多个团队的分工协调。
C.支撑着这刷新流量的“中国式浪漫”的，正是多个团队的分工协调。
D.这刷新流量的“中国式浪漫”的背后，离不开多个团队的分工协调。
（3）文中画横线的句子使用了设问的修辞手法，请简要分析其表达效果。
广东省揭阳市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末语文试题
（一）语言文字运用Ⅰ（本题共3小题，9分）
阅读下面 文字，完成下面小题。
党史学习教育要增强实效性，就要创新内容、形式、方法，用好红色资源。
首先，讲好红色故事，增强红色文化的吸引力。百年党史中有很多____________的动人故事，要把这些红色故事作为党史学习教育的生动教材。红色故事的宣讲不能局限于图文展板和讲解员进行讲解的传统手段，而应积极利用新媒体平台的优势，以年轻人____________的形式，在更大范围、以更快的速度形成红色文化的品牌效应，增强红色文化的吸引力。
其次，办好红色旅游，在____________中加强理想信念教育。红色旅游景点是常学常新的生动课堂，（____________）。目前，参加红色旅游的人群大多是年轻人因ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้，红色旅游针对青年群体开展党史学习教育的一个重要渠道。应当注意的是，红色旅游设施的建设应同红色纪念设施相得益彰，重视教育引导作用，努力保持____________，坚持为爱国主义教育服务，让人们体会到革命年代的艰苦，真正受到教育。
B. 声泪俱下 津津乐道 潜移默化 原封不动
C. 声泪俱下 喜闻乐见 悄无声息 原封不动
D 感人肺腑 津津乐道 悄无声息 原汁原味
19. 下列填入文中括号内的语句，衔接最恰当的一项是（ ）
2021-2022学年广东省汕头市高二下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题
2021-2022学年广东省汕头市高二下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题1. The 21st-century doctor now carries a whole set of diagnostic tools in his briefcase, and yes, unfortunately, the iconic stethoscope (听诊器) is now a little outdated! So, exactly what are all these necessary devices for the 21st century doctor?The stethoscope goes digital. The Eko Core is the new revolution of stethoscopes. It can amplify the sounds of the heart by 40 times when in digital mode. It can also stream the heartbeat data to the cloud, allowing the physician to see the heartbeat in wave form on a mobile device as well as hear the sound at an amplified level.A palm-sized ECG device. If someone asks you to think about the electrocardiogram (心电图) device, you will probably imagine a huge machine with many wires that are connected to a screen giving someone’s heart activity. In today’s digital health era, this machine has been down-sized so it can fit in the palm of your hand. The KardiaMobile 6L is a 6-lead medical-grade pocket-sized ECG machine. It will send the readings directly to your smartphone.High-tech eye tech. The Personal Vision Tracker and the EyeQue Insight are light, accurate, and inexpensive devices. They allow for eye tests to be performed remotely.Ear tech in your pocket. Ear examination can be uncomfortable for the patient and challenging for physicians in case of small or partially obstructed ear canals. The pocketable WiscMed otoscope aims to overcome these issues with its built-in nano camera which gives clear images of the eardrum.1. What is a feature of the Eko Core?A．It is a palm-sized machine.B．It can greatly amplify the heart.C．It allows doctors to check data by cell phone.D．It can show clearly the image of the ear drum.2. Supported by the high-tech device, eye examination can be conducted ________.D．from a distance A．randomly B．automatically C．through mobilephone3. What do the four medical devices have in common?A．Updated. B．Cheap. C．Wireless. D．Pocketable.2. China’s newest online hit is a pink fox called LinaBell, who resides in Shanghai Disneyland Resort. After making her first public appearance on September 29, the life-size plush animal has taken the Chinese social media. On Weibo, the hashtag (话题标签) of LinaBell had amounted to over 430 million views by November 19.Unlike other Disney characters, LinaBell has never been on the big or small screen. She’s not in any cartoon series or movie and doesn’t have a full back story. All we know is that she met Duffy,Mickey Mouse’s teddy bear, in the forest and helped him find his way home, according to Disney’s introduction video of the character. Despite her confusing history, she has gone to conquer the hearts of many Chinese. But why?A lot is w orking for LinaBell. Disney says she’s “a fox with an curious mind and the intelligence that supports it,” but those who’ve come to know her say they were swooned by her unique personality and adorable appearance.Videos of meet-and-greets with the pink fox are all over the internet and LinaBell can be seen communicating with every visitor through expressive body language. She corrects those who mispronounce her name, shows love for those queuing up for hours to meet her and hands out free candy. She’s been called witty, sharp and fun-loving. “I feel cured by LinaBell, I watch her videos every night before bed. I even got an annual pass to Disney just for her,” wrote a blogger called “Dobby.” She posted a video of her talking to LinaBell on her account on so cial media platform “Little Red Book” and received 15,000 likes.As a “locally born and bred” Chinese fox, LinaBell can understand different Chinese dialects beyond that of Shanghai, and can communicate with visitors from different parts of China. “With or without her fans waiting in line, LinaBell is delivering love and warmth, she made me forget all the displeasure of real life,” reads one popular comment by Miss Luo. “Maybe this is the power of magic.”1. Which of the following sets LinaBell apart from other Disney characters?A．She loves helping animals in the forest.B．She is not a character in a movie or TV series.C．She keeps updating her everyday life by posting videos online.D．She first appeared on Disney’s introduction video on September 29.2. What does the underlined word “swooned” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Trapped. B．Infected. C．Astonished. D．Attracted.3. What can best describe LinaBell?A．Friendly and sensitive. B．Humorous and adorable.C．Cute and ignorant. D．Intelligent and tricky.4. What is the best title for the article?A．The mystery of LinaBell. B．The attraction of Shanghai Disneyland.C．The popularity of Disney’s pink fox.D．The birth of a new cartoon character.3. We arrived here to find everything was in chaos. The whole island is flooded. Many people have fled to mountains to escape. The hospital is badly damaged and in a mess; it cannot be used at the moment.My colleagues on the medical team and I are going to set up a temporary clinic on the north side of the town. Medical supplies are now on their way from abroad. One of the health problems is that people who need to take medicines regularly cannot get hold of them in a disaster such as this. The majority of wounds are from walls and roofs that have fallen on people. The water makes it difficult for the cuts and wounds to get better and easy for bacteria to spread. Meanwhile, shelter and access to food and clean water are big problems.One good thing here is that many people can speak English or French. This makes it easier to communicate and find out about people’s problems. It seems that many people here just need to talk, so I am finding that my job is not limited to being a nurse. It is also being a person who can listen to and comfort others.It is quite horrible to imagine losing everything including some of your family. Our first job here was to try to organize a place to bury the people who were killed. We needed to do this as soon as possible to stop disease spreading. That was really a horrible job and I felt so sorry for their relatives.When I think back to all the experiences that I have been around the world since joining Doctors without Borders, I felt that I have been very lucky to be able to help others and do something worthwhile. Now I must thi nk about tomorrow. We hope the clinic will be open and 1 won’t have any time to write my diary. This experience makes me appreciate all the things I have and gives me the chance to see things from another angle. I know I can’t change the whole world, but I’m proud that I can help here and there, and make a difference to people’s lives.1. What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?A．To introduce the island. B．To express an opinion.C．To highlight the situation. D．To describe local life.2. What problem did the author and her colleagues face when arriving at the island?A．They didn’t have enough food.B．They found the hospital gone.C．They were in need of financial support.D．They got infected due to the polluted water.3. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A．The author found it important to offer sympathy to those in need.B．The author was not only a nurse but also worked as an interpreter.C．People on the island were quite talkative and many enjoyed chatting.D．There was no language barrier between the medical workers and the residents.4. What can we learn about Doctors without Borders?A．It is horrible and adventurous. B．It is meaningful and helpful.C．It requires nothing but courage. D．It promises better job opportunities.4. It is a commonly held belief that smiling takes years off your appearance by conveying a youthful joie de vive (生活之乐). Yet a study has found that smiling actually makes people look older, unless they are over 60, in which case the wrinkles have set in and it makes little difference.Researchers showed participants hundreds of photographs of faces of people aged between 20 and 80, either smiling or with a neutral expression, and were asked to estimate their age. The faces of younger people in their twenties and thir ties were “strongly” and “reliably” identified as looking older when they were smiling. However, smiling had little or no effect on the perceived age of those over the age of 60.The study found that for middle-aged people between the ages of 40 and 60, gender played a role in whether smiling altered the perceived age. Men in this age category appeared older when they smiled but for their female counterparts, smiling had no effect.Researchers also suggested that it could be down to the gender differences in lifestyle and skin care that could affect facial wrinkling. Mr. Goodale, the lead researcher, said: “Not only do middle-aged men have more wrinkles than middle-aged women — the wrinkles around the eyes increases more when middle-aged men smile than it does when middle-aged women smile.”The study follows a similar one undertaken in 2018 which also disproved the theory that smiling can take years off your appearance. The same scientists published a paper saying that the belief “well-rooted in media” was “a complete misconception”. They said the misplaced belief was causing social media users to post ageing photos of themselves online.1. According to the passage, what is commonly believed about smiling?A．Smiling can fill people with energy. B．Smiling is beneficial to our health.C．Smiling quickens the ageing process. D．Smiling can make one appear younger. 2. The following factors are responsible for face wrinkling except ________.A．Lifestyle B．skin care C．profession D．gender3. Which of the following will the researchers probably agree with?A．For the middle-aged, smiling affects males more than females.B．For those of advanced age, smiling makes them look younger.C．To avoid looking old, you’d better not smile when taking photos.D．Smiling has the same effect on both young adults and the elderly.4. What is the text type?A．A medical leaflet. B．A science report. C．An encyclopedia. D．A biologytextbook.5. The tomato is definitely one of the most popular of all home grown vegetables and for good reason. 1 They can be grown in garden beds, grow bags, potted vegetable gardens or even hangingbaskets. Though buying commercially grown plants from a garden center or online is quite handy, some just prefer growing tomatoes the other way.2 The trick is to start your seed raising early either in a green house or indoors,especially in colder climates.SOW your seeds about four weeks before the last expected frost. Fill some seed trays or small pots with a good quality potting soil. 3 Actually even some soil from the garden will work. After anywhere from 3-15 days you should start to see little shoots sprouting out of the soil.TRANSPLANT your seedlings once two true leaves have formed. Gently take out your seedling and plant it into the new pot but plant it up to just below its first leaves. 4WATER your plants frequently enough when required to try and keep the soil evenly moist.FEED your tomato plants with a good quality tomato feed every 10-14 days. 5HARVEST your tomatoes when they are fully ripened on the vine and enjoy what your hard work has provided you with.6. Whether or not we care to admit it, we’re all familiar with procrastination:waiting until the last minute to catch up with pressing tasks. The antidote (矫正方法) — while easier said than done — is ________ to start on your assignments sooner. But in your pursuit of ________procrastination, is it possible to go too far?David Rosenbaum, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside, certainly thinks so. His research ________ on the dangers of “precrastination”, the ________ to rush too quickly into tasks.As ________ to a procrastinator, who might leave an inbox full of emails untouched until the next day, a precrastinator would read and ________ to each of them first thing in the morning. This can mean reducing a lot of amount of the precious energy they might need for a more urgent ________ later on.So why do people precrastinate? Rosenbaum says that for most, it’s tough to ________ reaching for low-hanging fruit. When you complete simple short-term tasks, you have one fewer thing to think about —“I can wrap this up in five minutes. Why not ________ it now?”The real ________ of precrastination comes when, in your rush to finish, you encounter the naturally higher chance of doing your work incompletely or inaccurately. In the ________ of emails, sometimes waiting to respond can show respect for ________ thought over expediency (权宜之计).Of course, precrastination is not without its benefits, but it’s ________ to do so only when it makes sense. Chronic precrastinators must also realise that it’s OK to set unimportant t hings aside, because they will not require huge mental ________ later in the day, Rosenbaum says. Besides, it should be agreed in our society that it’s OK to be allowed to ________.1.A．entirely B．simply C．totally D．roughly2.A．beating B．improving C．achieving D．blaming3.A．calls B．relies C．focuses D．agrees4.A．attitude B．tendency C．solution D．answer5.A．devoted B．related C．regarded D．opposed6.A．apply B．appeal C．respond D．refer7.A．task B．appointment C．message D．talk8.A．keep B．resist C．practise D．start9.A．get hold of B．make use of C．make sense of D．take care of10.A．disadvantage B．struggle C．benefit D．reason11.A．face B．control C．case D．name12.A．ideal B．sudden C．efficient D．careful13.A．critical B．relevant C．objective D．ambitious14.A．health B．process C．development D．energy15.A．speed up B．slow down C．show up D．fade away7. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
广东省汕头市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末普通高中教学质量监测数学试题(含答案)
试卷类型：A汕头市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末普通高中教学质量监测数学注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名､准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡指定位置.2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷､草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效.3.非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内.4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交.第Ⅰ卷选择题一､选择题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知32i -+是关于x 的实系数方程220x px q ++=的一个根，则q 的值为（ ）A.26B.-26C.13D.-132.若空间中四条不同的直线1l ，2l ，3l ，4l 满足12l l ⊥，23l l ⊥，34l l ⊥，则下面结论正确的是（ ）A.14l l ⊥B.14l l ∥C.1l ，4l 既不垂直也不平行 D.1l ，4l 的位置关系不确定3.已知1tan 3α=-，则sin 2α=（ ）A.35 B.35- C.35± D.45±4.已知{}n a 为等差数列，135105a a a ++=，24699a a a ++=，则20a =（ ）A.1B.33C.65D.-15.对于变量Y 和变量x 的成对样本观测数据，用一元线性回归模型()()20,Y bx a eE e D e σ=++⎧⎨==⎩得到经验回归模型ˆˆˆy bx a =+，对应的残差如图所示，则模型误差（）A.满足一元线性回归模型的所有假设B.不满足一元线性回归模型的()0E e =的假设C.不满足一元线性回归模型的()2D e σ=的假设D.不满足一元线性回归模型的()0E e =和()2D e σ=的假设6.通过随机询问某中学110名学生是否爱好跳绳，得到如下22⨯列联表.已知()()()()()22n ad bc a b c d a c b d χ-=++++，()210.8280.001Pχ≥=，根据小概率值0.001α=的独立性检验，以下结论正确的是（ ）性别跳绳男女合计爱好402060不爱好203050合计6050110A.爱好跳绳与性别有关B.爱好跳绳与性别有关，这个结论犯错误的概率不超过0.001C.爱好跳绳与性别无关D.爱好跳绳与性别无关，这个结论犯错误的概率不超过0.0017.在ABC 中，π4B =，BC 边上的高等于13BC ，则cos A =（ ）C. D.8.某海湾拥有世界上最大的海潮，其高低水位之差可达到15m .在该海湾某一固定点，大海水深d （单位：m ）与午夜24：00后的时间t （单位：h ）的关系由函数()104cos d t t =+表示，则上午9：00潮水的涨落速度为（精确到0.01m /h ，参考数据：33sin 30.140.0027≈≈）（ ）A.3.00B.-1.64C.1.12D.-2.15二､多选题：本题共3小题，每小题6分，共18分.在每小题给出的选项中，有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得6分，部分选对的得部分分，有选错的得0分.9.已知点O ､N ､P 在ABC 所在平面内，则（）A.若OA OB OC ==，则点O 是ABC 的外心B.若0NA NB NC ++=，则点N 是ABC 的重心C.若PA PB PB PC PC PA ⋅=⋅=⋅，则点P 是ABC 的内心D.若0AB AC BC AB AC⎛⎫⎪+⋅= ⎪⎝⎭，则ABC 是等腰三角形10.已知函数()ππsin sin cos 66f x x x x a ⎛⎫⎛⎫=++-++ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭的最大值为1，则（ ）A.1a =-B.()f x 的最小正周期为2πC.()f x 在π,π4⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上单调递减D.()f x 的图象按向量π,16a ⎛⎫=-⎪⎝⎭平移，所得图象过原点11.已知点()2,3P --和以点Q 为圆心的圆()()22129x y -+-=，以PQ 为直径，点Q '为圆心的圆与圆Q 相交于A ､B 两点，则（ ）A.圆Q '的方程为()()()()12230x x y y -++-+=B.PA 与PB 两条直线中，有一条直线的斜率不存在C.直线AB 的方程为3560x y +-=D.线段AB第II 卷非选择题三､填空题：本题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分.12.写出()81x +的展开式中系数最大的项：__________.13.已知一正四面体状木块V ABC -的棱长为3，点P 为侧面VAC 的重心，过点P 将木块锯开，使截面平行于直线VB 和AC ，则截面周长为__________.14.设椭圆()222210x y a b a b +=>>的离心率为e ，双曲线22221x y a b -=e 的取值范围是__________.四､解答题：本题共5小题，共77分.解答应写出文字说明､证明过程或演算步骤.15.（本小题满分13分）已知等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，且132n n a S +=+，*n ∈N .（1）求数列{}n a 的通项公式；（2）在n a 与1n a +之间插入n 个数，使这2n +个数组成一个公差为n d 的等差数列，在数列{}n d 中是否存在3项m d ､k d ､p d （其中m ､k ､p 成等差数列）成等比数列？若存在，求出这样的3项；若不存在，请说明理由.16.（本小题满分15分）在长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，点E ､F 分别在棱1BB ､1DD 上，且1AE A B ⊥，1AF A D ⊥.（1）求证：1AC ⊥平面AEF ；（2）当3AD =，4AB =，15AA =时，求平面AEF 与平面11D B BD 的夹角的余弦值.17.（本小题满分15分）已知函数()()e 211x x f x x -=-.（1）作出()y f x =的大致图象，并说明理由；（2）讨论函数()12e 1x a g x x =---的零点个数.18.（本小题满分17分）甲公司现有资金200万元，考虑一项投资计划，假定影响投资收益的唯一因素是投资期间的经济形势：若投资期间经济形势好，投资有25%的收益率；若投资期间经济形势不好，投资有10%的损益率.如果不执行该投资计划，损失为1万元.现有如下两个方案，方案一执行投资计划；方案二聘请投资咨询公司乙分析投资期间的经济形势，聘请费用为5000元，若投资咨询公司乙预测投资期间经济形势好，则执行投资计划；若投资咨询公司乙预测投资期间经济形势不好，则不执行该计划.以往的资料表明，投资咨询公司乙预测不一定正确.投资期间经济形势好，咨询公司乙预测经济形势好的概率是0.8；投资期间经济形势不好，咨询公司乙预测经济形势不好的概率是0.7.假设根据权威资料可以确定，投资期间经济形势好的概率是0.4，经济形势不好的概率是0.6.（1）求投资咨询公司乙预测投资期间经济形势好的概率；（2）根据获得利润的数学期望的大小，甲公司应该执行哪个方案？说明理由.19.（本小题满分17分）抛物线具有光学性质：由其焦点F 发出的光线经抛物线上的点M （不同于抛物线的顶点）反射后，反射光线平行于抛物线的对称轴.由光路可逆知，反之也成立.（1）已知平行于x 轴的光线l 从点()(),20P m m >发出，经抛物线22y x =上的点A 反射后，再经该抛物线上另一点B ，最后沿BQ 方向射出，若射线BP 平分ABQ ∠，求实数m 的值；（2）光线被抛物线上某点反射，其实是被抛物线在该点处的切线反射.对于一般的抛物线()220y px p =>，请证明上述抛物线的光学性质.汕头市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末普通高中教学质量监测数学科参考答案与评分标准第I 卷题号1234567891011答案ADBACCDBABDABABD1.【解析】实系数一元二次方程的两根互为共轭复数，由韦达定理得2|32i |132q=-+=；2.【解析】利用长方体易得；3.【解析】2222sin cos 2tan 3sin2sin cos tan 15ααααααα===-++；4.【解析】1353353a a a a ++==，同理433a =，故公差2d =-，所以204161a a d =+=；5.【解析】由残差图的点没有均匀分布在水平带状区域内可知：不满足()2e D σ=的假设；6.【解析】计算得20.0017.810.828χα≈<=，说明没有充分证据作此推断；7.【解析】作AD BC ⊥于D ，设BC a =，则2,,33a a AD BD CD AB AC =====，故由余弦定理可求得Cos A ；8.【解析】由导数的意义知，上午9:00潮水的涨落速度为()()()()()2294sin94sin 634sin6Cos3Cos6sin342sin31sin 312sin 3sin3d ⎡⎤=-=-+=-+=--+-⎣⎦'()344sin 33sin3=-()440.002730.14 1.64;=⨯⨯-⨯≈-9.【解析】由外心定义，A 正确；设D 是AB 中点，由0NA NB NC ++= 得2NC ND =-，B 正确；由PA PB PB PC ⋅=⋅ 得()0PB PC PA PB AC ⋅-=⋅=，即PB AC ⊥，同理，PC AB ⊥，故点P 是ABC 的垂心，C 错误；设AB ACAF AB AC=+，则AF 为BAC ∠的平分线，又AF BC ⊥，故D 正确；10.【解析】化简得()π2sin 6f x x a ⎛⎫=++ ⎪⎝⎭，故21a +=，A 正确；显然，B 正确；π6u x =+在π,π4⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭上递增，且5π7π,126u ⎛⎫∈⎪⎝⎭，而sin u 在5π7π,126⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上没有单调性，故C 错误；设()f x 的图象按向量π,16a ⎛⎫=-⎪⎝⎭平移，得到函数()g x 的图象，则()π2sin 3g x x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭，D 错误；11.【解析】设点(),M x y 为圆Q '上任一点，由0MP MQ ⋅=知，A 正确；显然，PA 与PB 为圆Q 的切线，若有一条的斜率不存在，则其方程必为2x =-，它到圆心Q 的距离为3，与圆Q 半径相等，符合题意，故B 正确；圆Q 与圆Q '的方程相减得直线AB 的方程为3540x y +-=，故C 错误；圆心Q 到直线AB，所以AB ==，故D 正确；第II 卷12.【解析】8(1)x +的展开式中系数最大的项也即是二项式系数最大的项，即4458T C x =；13.【解析】由线面平行的性质定理知，截面的两组对边分别与AC 和VB 平行，与AC 平行的边长为2，与VB 平行的边长为1，故周长为6；14.【解析】依题意，0b a <<，故e ⎫=⎪⎪⎭；15.【答案】（1）设等比数列{}n a 的公比为q ，则当1n =时：1132a q a =+，①当2n =时：()211132a q a a q =++，②由①②解得：12,4a q ==，所以数列{}n a 的通项公式121242n n n a --=⨯=；（2）设数列{}n d 中存在3项m k p d d d ､､成等比数列，则2k m p d d d =⋅，因为2113211n n n n a a d n n -+-⨯==++，所以2212121323232111k m p k m p ---⎛⎫⨯⨯⨯=⋅ ⎪+++⎝⎭，即()()()22242223232(1)11m p k k m p +--⨯⨯=+++；又因为m k p ､､成等差数列，所以2k m p =+，所以()()2(1)11k m p +=++，化简得22k k mp m p +=++，所以2k mp =，又m k p ､､各不相等，所以222()4m p k mp k +=<=，矛盾.从而假设不成立，故在数列{}n d 中不存在3项,,m k p d d d 成等比数列.16.【答案】（1）证明：因为()()110AC AE A B BC AE BC AE BC AB BE ⋅=+⋅=⋅=⋅+=，所以1AC AE ⊥，因为()()110AC AF A D DC AF DC AF DC AD DF ⋅=+⋅=⋅=⋅+= ，所以1AC AF ⊥，又AE AF A ⋂=，故1AC ⊥平面AEF ；（2）以点D 为原点，分别以直线1DA DC DD ､､为x y z ､､轴，建立空间直角坐标系，则()()13,4,0,0,0,5DB DD ==设平面11DBB D 的法向量为(),,n x y z =，则150340n DD z n BD x y ⎧⋅==⎪⎨⋅=+=⎪⎩，取()4,3,0n =- ，由（1）知：()13,4,5A C =--是平面AEF 的一个法向量所以，111cos ,n A C n A C n A C⋅==⋅，设平面AEF 和平面11D B BD 的夹角为θ，则1cos cos ,n A C θ==.17.【答案】（1）()f x 的定义域为{}1xx ≠∣，且()()2e 23(1)x x x f x x -=-'，由()0f x '=得：0x =或32x =，列表得：x(),0∞-0()0,131,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭323,2∞⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭()f x '+--+()f x极大值极小值所以，()f x 的递增区间为(),0∞-与3,2∞⎛⎫+⎪⎝⎭，递减区间为()0,1与31,2⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭，()f x 的极大值为()01f =，极小值为3234e 2f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭，当x ∞→-时，()0f x →，且0x <时，()0f x >，当x 从1的左侧无限趋近1时，()f x ∞→-，当x 从1的右侧无限趋近1时，()f x ∞→+又10,2f ⎛⎫=⎪⎝⎭所以函数()y f x =的大致图象如图所示：（2）令()120e 1x a g x x =--=-得：()()e 211x x a f x x -==-，由（1）知，当()32,01,4e a ∞⎧⎫∈-⋃⎨⎬⎩⎭时，()y g x =恰有1个零点；当()320,14e ,a ∞⎛⎫∈⋃+ ⎪⎝⎭时，()y g x =恰有2个零点；当321,4e a ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭时，()y g x =没有零点.18.【答案】（1）记B =“投资期间经济形势好”，A =“投资咨询公司预测投资期间经济形势好”，则()()0.4,0.6P B P B ==，()0.8P A B =∣，()()110.70.3,P A B P A B =-=-=∣∣由全概率公式得：()()()()()P A P B P A B P B P A B =+∣∣0.40.80.60.30.5;=⨯+⨯=（2）设采取方案一获得利润X 万元，则X 的分布列是X50-20P 0.40.6设采取方案二获得利润Y 万元，则Y 的所有可能取值为20.5, 1.5,49.5--，(20.5)()((0.18P Y P BA P B P A B =-===∣，( 1.5)(1()10.50.5P Y P A P A =-==-=-=，()()()()49.50.32P Y P BA P B P A B ====∣，Y ∴的分布列为：Y -20.5-1.549.5P0.180.50.32()()500.4200.68,20.50.18 1.50.549.50.3211.4E X E Y ∴=⨯-⨯==-⨯-⨯+⨯=，()(),E X E Y <∴ 甲公司应该选择方案二.19.【答案】（1）依题意可知，直线l 的方程为2y =，由222y y x =⎧⎨=⎩得：()2,2A ，又1,02F ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭，所以43AB k =，故直线AB 的方程为4132y x ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭，由()2413222y x y x x ⎧⎛⎫=-⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎨⎪=≠⎩得：11,82B ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭，则2081BP k m =-，设直线BP 的倾斜角为θ，由2222tan 4tan21tan 13BP AB BP k k k θθθ====--得12BP k =或-2（舍去）所以201812m =-，故418m =；（2）设直线()0y kx b k =+≠与拋物线22(0)y px p =>相切于点M ，由22y kx b y px=+⎧⎨=⎩得：()222220k x kb p x b +-+=，故222Δ(22)40kb p k b =--=，整理得2kb p =，从而(),2,,0b M b F kb k ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭，进而()21,2b MF k b k ⎛⎫=-- ⎪⎝⎭，取直线MF 的一个方向向量()211,2n k k =-- ，直线()0y kx b k =+≠的一个方向向量为()1,m k =，焦点F 发出的光线经点M 反射，设反射光线斜率为k '，取其一个方向向量为()21,n k '= ，故12cos ,cos ,0m n m n += ，即：=整理得：()2120k k k k ⎡⎤-+⎣'=⎦'，因为1n 与2n 不共线，所以()2120k k k '-+≠，从而0k '=，所以由抛物线焦点F 发出的光线经拋物线反射后，反射光线平行于抛物线的对称轴.。
2023-2024学年广东省四校(华附、省实、广雅、深中)高二下学期期末联考语文试题
2023-2024学年广东省四校（华附、省实、广雅、深中）高二下学期期末联考语文试题阅读下面的文字，完成小题。
材料一：近年来，人们把能满足情绪和情感需要的消费行为，通俗地称为“情绪消费”。
从盲盒的热卖到卡游的火爆，都表明年轻消费者热衷于为“情绪”买单。
这种购买热情释放出千亿赛道的市场潜力，由此也带动了“拒绝emo” “逢考必过”等虚拟产品的热销。
在古代社会，人们就已经开始通过购物来表达和满足自己的情绪和情感需要。
随着时代的变迁，商业社会的发展推动了情绪消费的演变。
进入20世纪，商家开始利用心理学原理来设计产品和制定营销策略。
他们发现消费者在购买产品时会受到情感因素的影响，于是开始利用情感化的语言和图像来吸引消费者。
随着人们生活水平的提高和消费观念的转变，消费心理也在不断变化，以“悦己”为目的满足情绪需求的消费越来越重要。
消费者在购买商品时，不仅关注商品的价格和功能，还会考虑商品能否满足自己的情感需求。
情绪商品能够引发消费者的情感共鸣，让消费者在购买和使用的过程中产生愉悦、感动等积极的情感体验。
例如，去年夏天“多巴胺”穿搭以高饱和度色彩席卷了各个社交平台，几个月后，美拉德色系又大行其道。
为什么人们越来越喜爱彩色?高饱和的明媚色彩可以给人们带来活力与生机。
爱因斯坦不会想到，他的“大脑”会被标价五毛钱，月售2万个。
有消费者表示，光是看到商家给商品起的名字，或是在评论区看看评论，也能得到欢乐。
购买“好运喷雾”，好比收获一张幸运符，在参加考试等重要事情之前，给自己“喷”一下，就会觉得好运降临，信心和动力更足。
在消费者群体方面，年轻消费者是情绪消费的主力军，他们注重个性，关注情感满足，喜欢有趣的事物和有创意的内容，因此对小众新奇的情绪商品的兴趣自然高于一般人。
这些看似无厘头的消费，都有着不低的交易额。
在这些消费中，我们看见越来越多追求松弛，包容不完美，为情绪价值买单的人。
此外，年轻人热衷于在社交媒体上分享自己的情绪消费体验和情感故事，寻找志同道合的伙伴，这种互动不仅增强了归属感和认同感，更让情绪消费成为一种文化现象。
广东省部分学校2020_2021学年高二语文下学期期末试题分类汇编文言文阅读专题含解析 (1)
某某省部分学校2020-2021学年高二语文下学期期末试题分类汇编文言文阅读专题（含解析）某某省某某市2020-2021学年高二语文下学期期末考试试题(一)文言文阅读(本题共5小题，20分)阅读下面的文言文，完成10-14题。
陈群字长文，颍川某某人。
祖父实，父纪。
群为儿时，实常奇异之。
鲁国孔融高才倨傲年在纪群之间先与纪友后与群交更为纪拜由是显名。
X备临豫州，辟群为别驾．．。
时陶谦病死，某某迎备，备欲往，群说备曰：“袁术尚强，今东，必与之争。
吕布若袭将军之后，将军虽得某某，事必无成。
”备遂东，与袁术战。
布果袭下邳，遣兵助术，大破备军，备恨不用群言。
随纪避难某某。
属吕布破，太祖．．辟群为司空掾．属．。
时有荐乐安王模、下邳周逵者，太祖辟之。
群封还教，以为模、逵秽德，终必败，太祖不听。
后模、逵皆坐奸究诛，太祖以谢群。
群荐广陵陈矫、丹阳戴乾，太祖皆用之。
后吴人叛，乾忠义死难，矫遂为名臣，世以群为知人。
青龙中，营治宫室，百姓失农时。
群上疏．．曰：“禹承唐、虞之盛，犹卑宫室而恶衣服，况今丧乱之后，人民至少，比汉文、景之时，不过一大郡。
加边境有事，将士劳苦，若有水旱之患，国家之深忧也。
且吴、蜀未灭，社稷不安。
宜及其未动，讲武劝农，有以待之。
今舍此急而先宫室，臣惧百姓遂困，将何以应敌?今中国劳力，亦吴、蜀之所愿。
此安危之机也。
惟陛下虑之。
”初，X廙坐弟与魏讽谋反，当诛。
群言之太祖，太祖曰：“廙，名臣也，吾亦欲赦之。
”乃复位。
廙深德群，群曰：“夫议刑为国，非为私也；且自明主之意，吾何知焉?”(节选自《三国志》，有删改) 10.下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句，正确的一项是(3分)/由是/显名11.下列对文中加点词语的相关内容的解说，不正确的一项是(3分)A.别驾，官名，一般指别驾从事史，为汉朝设置的州刺史的佐吏。
刺史出巡辖境时，别驾从事史不与刺吏同车，别乘一车随行，因而得名。
B.太祖，帝王庙号，多为创基立业者,常见于开国皇帝，也有开国皇帝用以追授先人的情况。
2023高考语文最新模考理解性默写汇编
2023高考语文最新模考理解性默写汇编1.【广东省汕头市2023届高三二模语文试题】（1）陆游《临安春雨初霁》中“_____________，____________”两句用清新隽永的语言，细致贴切地描绘出一幅明艳生动的春光图。
（2）在《谏太宗十思疏》中，魏征运用对比手法，阐明诚心诚意待人和傲视别人的不同结果的两句是“___________，____________”。
（3）古诗词中有这样一种意境：天地辽阔，无边无际的江面上，唯有一只小舟。
这小舟正是诗人人格的写照，如“_____________，_____________”。
2.【2023届山东省泰安市高三二模语文试题】（1）苏洵在《六国论》结尾处指出“为国者”如果凭借偌大的国家，却“___________，__________”，旨在告诫北宋统治者要汲取历史教训。
（2）草木是古诗词常用意象，其兴衰往往寄寓作者复杂的情感，如屈原《离骚》（节选）中的“__________________ ，__________________”。
（3）黄庭坚《登快阁》中的“___________，__________”与王维《山居秋以》中的“随意春芳歇，王孙自可留”意思相近。
3.【广东省潮州市2023届高三第二次模拟考试语文试题】（1） 《陈情表》中，李密用“__________________ ，__________________”写出了自己辞任洗马后朝廷严厉责备的态度。
（2）集句联是从古诗文中选句组成对联，既要原文不变，又要浑成出新。
以张孝祥《念奴娇·过洞庭》中的“___________”为上联，可与杜甫的“心迹喜双清”形成宽对；集白居易《琵琶行》中的“___________”为上联，再集王勃的“闲云潭影日悠悠”为下联，堪称佳联。
（3）中央领导人在2023年新年贺词中提到“我们的太空之家，遨游苍穹” ，体现了我国航天科技高速发展的成果；而在科技不发达的古代，情感细腻、想象丰富的诗人们则常常借用美丽神秘的太空中的星辰来表情达意，如“__________________ ，__________________。
2020年高二下学期期末质量调研语文试题Word版含解析
高二下学期期末质量调研语文试题2019.06命题单位：江阴市教师发展中心制卷单位：江阴市教师发展中心注意事项及说明：1.本试卷分试题卷与答题卷两部分，共160分，考试时间150分钟。
2.请将答案写在答题卷相对应的答题区域内答在其它区域无效。
一、语言文字运用（12分）1.下列所给词语依次填入语段横线处，完全正确的一项是一字多义是汉字的突出特点。
例如“适可而止”的“适”表示“恰好”的意思，“”的“适”表示“去，往”的意思。
再如“化险为夷”的“夷”表示“平坦；平安”的意思，“”的“夷”表示“平常”的意思。
又如“人逢喜事精神爽”的“爽”表示“舒服；畅快”的意思，“”的“爽”表示“差错”的意思。
因此学习汉语必须关注一词多义的现象。
A. 无所适从鄙夷不屑爽然若失B. 削足适履鄙夷不屑屡试不爽C. 无所适从匪夷所思屡试不爽D. 削足适履匪夷所思爽然若失【答案】C【解析】试题分析：本题考查的是一词多义，无所适从，适：归向；从：跟从。
不知听从哪一个好。
指不知怎么办才好。
削足适履：适：适应；履：鞋。
因为鞋小脚大，就把脚削去一块来凑和鞋的大小。
比喻不合理的牵就凑合或不顾具体条件，生搬硬套。
鄙夷不屑，指轻视；看不起。
匪夷所思，匪：不是；夷：平常。
指言谈行动离奇古怪，不是一般人根据常情所能想象的。
爽然若失，爽然：主意不定的样子；若失：象失去依靠。
形容心中无主、空虚怅惘的神态。
屡试不爽，屡次试验都没有差错。
爽：差错的意思。
故选C。
2.依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句衔接最恰当的一项是情景的感受力是指读者在阅读文本的过程中，________，________。
________，________。
________，________，这样的阅读体验才丰富。
这种情景的感受力，属于初步的美学范畴。
①读到描写的精彩内容时②能想到江南的小桥流水美如画③能依据文本描述的场景④要有自己的理解联想和想象⑤例如看到北国风光的描写⑥产生身临其境之感A. ④⑥①②⑤③B. ③⑥①④⑤②C. ④①⑤②③⑥D.③⑥⑤②①④【答案】D【解析】【详解】本题考查学生语言表达的连贯性。
广东省汕头市部分中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题(含答案)
汕头市部分中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：130分）注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50 分）第一节（共15 题；每题 2.5 分，满分37.5 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
ASummer Science Camp InstructorsPalo Alto Junior Museum &Zoo-Summer 2023 Camp SeasonThe Palo Alto Junior Museum &Zoo is currently looking for Camp Instructors to helppromote its summer science camps which operate from June 15th through August 14th. Theseprograms feature week-long full-day camps exploring a variety ofscience topics in the Life,Physical and Earth Sciences, and camp participants range in age from Preschool through Grade6.In addition to staffing science camps, Instructors are needed to support after camp programsat Rinconada Park. After camp programs offer campers an opportunity to wind down after a busyday of learning, and feature recreational activities, games, art making, and weekly trips to theRinconada Pool.For more information about specific offerings, please visit www.cityofpaloalto, or enjoy toreview the City of Palo Alto’s camp catalogue. Requirements:Successful applicants will be at least 18 years old and available the entire summer — fromJune 15th through August 14th. They will have an interest in science, teaching, or child develop-ment, and will love working with children in an educational setting . This is a great position for college students or high school seniors. Hours of work:Science Camp: Monday through Friday, approximately 8 am-4 pm each dayAfter Camp: Monday through Friday, approximately 1:30 pm-6:30 pm each dayPay: $19.29-$23.67 per hourNote: All staff are required to be fully vaccinated and boosted, and to wear a mask at alltimes out of consideration for the flu epidemic.Interested applicants are invited to forward their resume and email of interest to theEducation Director, Alex Hamilton. The City of Palo Alto is an Equal Opportunity Employer.People of diverse backgrounds and abilities are encouraged to apply.21. Who is the Summer Science Camp designed forA. Camp instructors.B. Children under Grade 6.C. Physical and Earth Scientists.D. Teenage children.22. Which of the following will be required if you apply for the jobA. Previous experience.B. Science degree.C. At least 18 years old.D. College education.23. What is the writer's purpose in writing the textA. To inform.B. To describe.C. To persuade.D. To entertain.BThe alarm rang in my ear. After silencing it, I remained in bed. My motivation to push ahead with my PhD was disappearing, which made it hard to face each new day. Continuing would risk a total breakdown. With anxiety, I decided to cease my PhD temporarily and take a 9-month position at a health care charity. Back when I looked for PhD positions, I was unclear what I wanted to study. For me, the degree mostly served as a means to an end, securing more interesting and higher-paid positions in the private sector than my master's degree would unlock. So I wasn't picky and reasoned a variety of projects that would provide the training and degree I wanted.In hindsight (事后想来) , I should have been more selective. I ended up working on a project I was technically capable of completing but over time felt full of disappointment. The purely academic research was intellectually interesting, yet I struggled to see how it would make an impact on the wider real world.Some unexpected things amplified my trouble. I started my program in 2020, when meetings were virtual and in-person contact was actively discouraged, so I had few opportunities to form personal connections with co-workers. Research became my only focus, and when my interest in that faded, my project feltdepressing.After only one month at the charity, it became clear that I'd made the right decision. My mental health improved and I found it easier to come into work. Things I did could matter and energize me after all — if I chose wisely. That was exactly what I needed and desired. After that realization, I decided I wanted to return to my PhD program and make changes. I told my teacher I wasn't interested in the current research. To my relief, he was supportive, and we redesigned the project to better fit me. I will return to my program next month, optimistic that this time will be different. But if it doesn't go as I hope, my charity experience has given me direction and confidence that I'll live a satisfying life, with or without a PhD.24. What did the author view the PhD degree as at firstA. A struggle for new days.B. A breakthrough in his study.C. A way of getting a better job.D. A chance to build connections.25. Why did the author become disappointed at his projectA. It was of slight practical use.B. It failed to meet his social need.C. It showed an unpromising future.D. It had a high degree of difficulty.26. What does the underlined word "amplified" in paragraph 3 meanA. Reflected.B. Caused.C. Solved.D. Increased.27. How did the charity work affect the authorA. It inspired him to face challenges.B. It helped him find a purpose in life.C. It fueled his enthusiasm for his program.D. It enabled him to make the right decision.CIn May 2012, Australia’s Macquarie Dictionary and the McCann Advertising Agency gathered a group of language experts to name a phenomenon common in the age of the smartphone . They called the phenomenon “phubbing”, and defined it as “the act of snubbing (无视) someone in a social setting by looking at your phone instead of paying attention.” It’s not the usual way words begin to exist.A month later, the first example of phubbing in a major newspaper appeared in a letter to the editor of The Age, published in Melbourne. Since then, the word has appeared in various media the world over. Phubbing has yet to be fully adopted in the U. S. , but we have collected some evidence of it in use.On 29 September 2015, James A. Roberts wrote in the Huffinington Post, “In the present case, phubbing is a combination of the words phone and snubbing. To be phubbed is to be snubbed by someone using their cell phone while in your company. The ‘phubb’ could bean interruption of your conversation with someone when he or she uses their cell phone or is distracted by it (steal glances when they think you’re not lo oking) instead of paying attention to you . Maybe worse, you’ve been phubbed if someone used their cell phone instead of communicating with you while staying close to you. Oh , the shame.”The meaning and various forms of the word have yet to settle out . Is it phubbing if you’re staring at your tablet instead of your phone Is the singular noun (and the base form of the verb) spelled phubb, as in the example above, or phub, as in some other sources These are the sorts of questions we’ll need answers to before we’re ready to consider phubbing and its relations for entry. In the meanwhile, you can of course use phubbing if you feel the need . It seems we all do these days.28. What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about phubbingA. Its usage.B. Its birth.C. Its influenceD. Its definition.29. What may phubbing probably lead to according to James A. RobertsA. Obvious embarrassment in life.B. Heavy reliance on cellphones.C. Complete ignorance by your friends.D. Permanent breakup of relationship.30. What can we learn from the last paragraph about the wordphubbA It arouses heated arguments. B. It proves to be settled.C. It’s not included in a dictionary.D. It’s not difficult to understand.31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the textA. Where Phubbing Leads UsB. Why Phubbing Ruins Our LifeC. What Makes Phubbing Commonly SeenD. How Phone Snubbing Becomes PhubbingDWhat makes people so special Tool use, self-consciousness, language, and culture are high on the list , but in fact all of these characteristics can be found elsewhere in the animal kingdom. Humans and apes are close relatives, so it is perhaps not surprising that chimpanzees use tools or that gorillas have a sense of fair play, even rejecting carrots (which they normally accept) when they see their neighbors getting grapes. But the qualities that we often think of as exclusively human exist not just on land, but in the ocean as well.Among the invertebrates (无脊椎动物), octopuses (八爪鱼) are known for their intelligence, even exhibiting evidence of playfulness , tool use , and personality . But these skilled predators live alone and consequently lack culture . Dolphins , on the otherhand , are large-brained , long-living , social-group-based predators , and it is here that we find the greatest similarity to human-like culture and awareness.Culture depends on the ability of animals to pass on things they have learned to others . Many animals have culture in this sense , but what sets dolphins apart is what they pass on . Some bottlenose dolphins hold sponges in their mouths that they use as tools to sweep for fish hiding on the ocean floor . This ability is handed down through generations (especially in females) , with some families —grandmother , mother, and daughter —all feeding in this highly specialized way.Another characteristic that dolphins share with humans is their ability to recognize themselves in a mirror. When facing a mirror, most animals behave as though they are interacting with another individual. Even in humans, the ability to recognize that the image in a mirror is oneself does not occur before the age of 18 months. Dolphins not only recognize themselves, but if a black mark is put on the body of a dolphin, it will spend extra time at the mirror to look at the mark.The example of gorillas rejecting carrots shows they _____.A. are not easy to foolB. prefer fruit to vegetablesC. have a special taste for foodD. have an awareness of equality33. What do octopuses lack compared with dolphinsA. Social interaction.B. Intelligence.C. Tool using ability.D. Fun-loving spirits.34. What makes dolphin culture specialA. They tend to hunt in groups.B. Their hunting skills are passed down.C. Their learning environment is favourable.D. Their families are typically female-controlled.35. What can be inferred from the last paragraphA. Dolphins enjoy looking at their own reflection in the mirror.B. Dolphins are as intelligent as a typical 18-month-old human baby.C. Dolphins are generally regarded as the most advanced non-human species.D. Dolphins’ ability to recognize their own reflection is a higher-order mental skill.第二节（共 5 小题，每小题 2.5 分，满分12.5 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
广东省汕尾市陆河县河田中学2023-2024学年高二下学期4月期中 语文试题(含答案)
陆河县河田中学2023-2024学年度第二学期第一次阶段考试高二语文试题本试题共10页，满分150分，考试时间150分钟一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
材料一：鲁迅在写于二十世纪初的《文化偏至论》里，所要讨论的是新世纪的中国文化的战略选择问题，同时提出的是中国要建立什么样的“新文明”，也就是如何赶上世界新潮流，实现中国的“现代化”的问题。
针对当时流行的关于中国的“现代文明”的种种设想，他明确提出，无论是“以富有为文明”“以路旷（即科技——引者注）为文明”，还是“以众治（即以议会民主为代表的现代民主）为文明”，都是片面的，只抓住了“现象之末”，而放弃了“本原”；他因此提出“根底在人”，中国在新世纪里，要“生存两间，角逐列国”，“其首在立人”，也即人的彻底解放，这是中国现代化的出发点，也是最后的归宿。
他又进一步回答了“怎样立人”的问题，指出：“若其道术，乃必尊个性而张精神”，他的结论是：“国人之自觉至，个性张，沙聚之邦，由是转为人国。
人国既建，乃始雄厉无前，屹然独见于天下”。
这就是说，鲁迅在思考中国所要建立的“现代文明”、所要实现的“现代化”目标时，他并非不重视民族国家的独立、富强与民主，但他更重视与强调“人的个体生命的精神自由”：他认为二者之间存在着“本末之分”，因此他赋予后者以哲学上绝对的终极的意义与价值，同时在现实层面的现代化（“现代文明”）目标与道路上，强调“立人”是“立国”的前提与基础，逻辑与历史的起点与终点（最终要建立的现代国家是“人国”）。
鲁迅的“立人”思想首先是建立在他对中国传统社会与文化的自觉反省与刻骨铭心的生命体验的基础上的。
鲁迅的日本友人增田涉曾经注意到“鲁迅的著作和他的日常谈话里，常常出现‘奴隶’这个词”，他认为，对于鲁迅，这不是抽象的概念，而是“直接触到内心”的体验。
由此形成了鲁迅基本思路：“把人当做人”，还是“使人成为奴隶（无论什么形式与旗号）”，是区分“传统社会（历史，文化）”与“现代社会（历史，文化）”的基本标准与尺度；“自觉为人”，还是“甘当奴隶（无论什么形式与旗帜）”，是区分“传统人（知识分子）”与“现代人（知识分子）”的基本标准。
河南省新未来期末联考2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末质量检测语文试题(原卷版)
绝密★启用前河南省新未来2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末质量检测语文全卷满分150分，考试时间150分钟注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名准者证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.请按题号顺序在答题卡上各题目的答题区域内作答，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.选择题用2B铅笔在答题卡上把所选答案的标号涂黑；非选择题用黑色签字笔在答题卡上作答；字体工整，笔迹清楚。
4.考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并上交。
一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
乡土文学是对乡土的现代发现。
如同新文学在中西对话中产生和演变一样，现代乡土文学的出现也与西方现代文明对乡土中国的冲击有关。
正是由于乡土中国表现出对西方现代文明的疏离而又被卷入现代化进程中，知识者和写作者才对乡土中国的状况给予了极大关注。
传统乡村社会转型为现代社会，不仅是中国也是世界现代化必经的历史过程。
在文学领域，乡土小说正是乡土中国发生裂变的审美反映。
贯穿其中的基本问题是现代化对乡土和乡土文学的影响，以及作家在价值和审美两个层面对乡村社会现代转型的回应。
如何认识和叙述乡土中国的“乡土性”，是乡土文学的核心问题之一。
费孝通在《乡土中国》中对“乡土性”有精辟的论述，他认为；“从基层上看去，中国社会是乡土性的。
”费孝通区分了“乡土基层”以及和“乡土基层”不同的“社会”。
他提出，“我说中国社会的基层是乡土性的，那是因为我考虑到从这基层上曾长出一层比较上和乡土基层不完全相同的社会，而且在近百年来更在东西方接触边缘上发生了一种很特殊的社会”。
这一论述显然隐含了传统与现代、乡村与城市、中国与西方这样的二元性视角。
我们讨论乡土文字时关注的乡土，大致是费孝通所说的“乡土基层”和“乡下人”。
关于“乡土性”，费孝通的解释是乡下人离不开泥土、“黏着在土地上”的不流动性和熟人社会，差序格局和礼俗社会的根源都在于“乡土性”。
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汕头市2011~2012学年度普通高中教学质量监测高二级语文本试卷分两部分，共8页，满分150分。
考试用时150分钟。
注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号分别填写在答题卡上，用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡上，并在答题卡右上角的“试室号”和“座位号”栏填写试室号、座位号，将相应的试室号、座位号信息点涂黑。
2．选择题每小题1~8选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3．非选择题和12、13题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答卷前必须先填好答题纸的密封线内各项内容。
答案必须写在答题纸上各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液．不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4．考生必须保持答题卡、答题纸的整洁，考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡、答题纸一并交回。
一、本大题四小题，每小题3分，共12分。
1．下列词语中加点的字，每对读音都不相同．．．的一组是A．折．线/折．磨边塞．/搪塞．挑．选/挑．灯夜战B．漂白．．/漂．泊强．横/倔强．擂．台/自吹自擂．C．倩．影/靓．妆缟．素/枯槁．训诂．/沽．名钓誉D．调．查/倜．傥匍．匐/铺．垫分娩．/冠冕．堂皇2．选出以下加点的成语运用正确．．的一项是A．世界上很多爱都是以聚合为目的的，唯有父母的爱却以分离为目的，当孩子作为一个独立的个体从自己的生命中分离出去，父母总是默默目送孩子的远离，直到难以望其项背．．．．。
B．中央政府采取银根紧缩和地产调控政策双管齐下．．．．，在其打压之下，多个城市房价已经掉头向下，房地产商资金链绷紧，扩大投资显得力不从心，C．他是个有名的电视迷，经常看得出神入化．．．．，有时竟忘了吃饭，工作之余与别人谈论的话题也总是离不开电视。
D．世界各地的葡萄酒多得汗牛充栋．．．．，但法国不但是全世界酿造最多种葡萄酒的国家,也生产了无数闻名于世的高级葡萄酒，这与法国适宜的年平均气温以及良好的土壤排水性都有密切的关系。
3．下列句子中，没有语病．．．．的一项是A．“慈善奖”还处在推荐与自荐的时期，质疑声已不绝于耳。
有观点认为，“慈善奖”设置了捐赠门槛，对普通慈善者不公，伤了慈善者的心，堵了慈善的路。
B．虫子对我并不陌生，小时候在菜园和森林中，见过形形色色的虫子。
喜欢吊在杨树枝上的毛毛虫，爱在菜园中飞来飞去的花大姐，以及在树缝中养尊处优的白色虫子，都曾带给我许多的乐趣。
C．我们的社会，其实不缺高蹈的主义或者行而上的道德，缺少的是由基本的良心和底线造成的。
D．我虽然和他只有一面之缘，但他的为人、学识、风度，却给我留下深刻的印象，以至多年后还能想起那时的情景和内心的感动。
4．下面各句衔接最恰当的一组是①因为它们不提供任何新知识，也不能锻炼人们的思维。
②而一个不假思索的读者如果放弃选择，就会把自己宝贵的时间和生命放任在别人的“日月”之中，将自己并不宽敞的头脑任由混乱的思想跑马。
③如今的信息爆炸，90%可以视为“废话”和“空谈”。
④问题在于，他有“跑马”的自由，难道我们没有不让他乱跑的自由吗？没有选择的自由吗？⑤在“后出版时代”，特别是网络博客时代，随便什么人都可以成为“作者”，“日子”固然可以成书，“月子”当然也未尝不可。
A．⑤②④③①B．⑤③①④②C．④②①③⑤D．③①⑤②④二、本大题为7小题，35分阅读下面的文言文，完成5~9小题。
龚遂字少卿，山阳南平阳人也。
以明经为官，至昌邑郎中令，事王贺。
贺动作多不正，遂为人忠厚，刚毅有大节，内谏争于王，外责．傅相，引经义，陈祸福，至于．涕泣，蹇蹇亡已。
面刺王过，王至掩耳起走，曰：“郎中令善愧人。
”及国中皆畏惮焉．。
王尝久与驺奴宰人游戏饮食，赏赐亡度。
遂入见王，涕泣膝行，左右侍御皆出涕。
王曰：“郎中令何为哭？”遂曰：“臣痛．社稷危也！愿赐清闲竭愚。
”王辟左右，遂曰：“大王知胶西王所以为无道亡乎？”王曰：“不知也。
”曰：“臣闻胶西王有谀臣侯得，王所为拟于．桀、纣也，得以为尧、舜也。
王说其谄谀，尝与寝处，唯得所言，以至于是。
今大王亲近群小渐渍邪恶所习存亡之机．不可不慎也臣请选郎通经术有行义者与王起居坐则通《诗》《书》立则习礼容宜有益。
”王许之。
遂乃选郎中张安等十人侍王。
居．数日，王皆逐去安等。
会昭帝崩，亡子，昌邑王贺嗣立，官属皆征入。
王相安乐迁长乐卫尉。
遂见安乐，流涕谓曰：“王立为天子，日益骄溢，谏之不复听，今哀痛未尽，日与近臣饮食作乐，斗虎豹，召皮轩，车九流，驱驰东西，所为悖道。
古制宽，大臣有隐退，今去不得，阳狂恐知，身死为世戮，奈何？君，陛下故相，宜极谏争。
”王即位二十七日，卒以淫乱废。
昌邑群臣坐陷王于恶，皆诛。
唯遂与中尉王阳以数谏争得减死。
……上以．遂年老，拜为水衡都尉，上甚重之．。
以官寿卒。
(选自《汉书》卷89；略有删改) 5．对下列句子中加点字的解释，不正确．．．的一项是(3分)A．存亡之机．，不可不慎也机：关键B．臣痛．社稷危也痛：痛惜C．居．数日，王皆逐去安等居：过了D．内谏争于王，外责．傅相责：担责6．下列各组句子中，加点的词的意义和用法不相同．．．的一组是(3分)A．王许之．上甚重之．B．上以．遂年老以．其求思之深而无不在也C．王所为拟于．桀、纣也至于．涕泣D．及国中皆畏惮焉．犹且从师而问焉．7．下列句子能正面表现龚遂“直言相谏”的一组(3分)①面刺王过②王至掩耳起走③及国中皆畏惮焉④臣痛社稷危也⑤存亡之机，不可不慎也A．①②④B．①④⑤C．②④⑤D．③④⑤8．下列对龚遂言行的分析，不正确的一项是(3分)A．龚遂为人忠厚刚毅，具有宁折不弯的节操，对品行不端的胶西王刘贺多方规劝，对傅相严肃批评，激动时乃至于声泪俱下。
B．安乐在昌邑王当上皇帝以后调任长乐卫尉，昌邑王每天和一班人臣在一起寻欢作乐，龚遂当面指责安乐作为原先相国没有劝谏。
C．龚遂善于讽谏，他用胶西王因宠信谀臣候得而招致身亡的事例劝昌邑王，终于使昌邑王同意选贤侍坐。
D．原昌邑群臣因犯让大王陷于恶行不道之罪，都被处死，只有龚遂与中尉王阳因多次正言直谏而得以免去死刑。
皇上非常器重他。
9．断句和翻译。
(10分)(1)用“∕”给下面的文段断句。
(4分)今大王亲近群小渐渍邪恶所习存亡之机不可不慎也臣请选郎通经术有行义者与王起居坐则通《诗》《书》立则习礼容宜有益(2)翻译下面的句子。
(6分)①遂入见王，涕泣膝行，左右侍御皆出涕。
②今去不得，阳狂恐知，身死为世戮，奈何？10．阅读下面这首诗，然后回答问题。
(7分)长安遇冯著唐韦应物客从东方来，衣上灞陵雨。
问客何为来，采山因买斧。
冥冥花正开，飏飏燕新乳。
昨别今已春，鬓丝生几缕？注：冯著约在大历四年(769)应征赴幕到广州。
十年过去，仍未获官职。
(1)这首诗抒发了诗人怎样的思想感情？(3分)(2)简要分析颔联的语言有什么特点？(4分)11．补写出下列名句名篇中的空缺部分。
(任选3题，多选只按前3题计分。
答对一空给1分。
)(6分)(1) ，；溯游从之，宛在水中央。
(《蒹葭》)(2)鹏之徙于南冥也，，，去以六月息者也。
(庄子《逍遥游》)(3) ，，此事古难全。
(苏轼《水调歌头》)(4)巫医乐师百工之人，君子不齿，，？(韩愈《师说》)三、本大题4小题，共16分。
阅读下面的文字，完成12~15题。
民主是什么俞可平①相对而言，民主是人类迄今最好的政治制度。
②民主是一种保障主权在民的政治制度，它只是人类众多制度中的一种，主要规范人们的政治生活，而不能取代其他制度去规范人类的全部生活。
民主有内在的局限性，不是万灵药，不可能解决人类的所有问题。
但民主保证人们的基本人权，给人们提供平等的机会，它本身就是人类的基本价值。
民主不仅是解决人们生计的手段，更是人类发展的目标；不仅是实现其他目标的工具，更契合人类自身固有的本性。
即使有最好的衣食住行，如果没有民主的权利，人类的人格就是不完整的。
③民主可能破坏法制，导致社会政治秩序的一时失控，在一定的时期内甚至会阻碍社会经济的增长；民主也可能破坏国家的和平，造成国内的政治分裂；民主的程序也可能把少数专制独裁者送上政治舞台。
所有这些，都已经在人类的现实生活中出现过，并且还可能不断再现。
因此，有时民主的代价太高，甚至难以承受。
然而，从根本上说，这不是民主本身的过错，而是政治家或政客的过错。
一些政治家不了解民主政治的客观规律，不顾社会历史条件，超越社会历史发展阶段，不切实际地推行民主，结果只会适得其反。
一些政客则把民主当作其夺取权力的工具，以“民主”的名义，哗众取宠，欺骗人民。
在他们那里，民主是名，独裁是实；民主是幌子，权力是实质。
④实现民主需要具备相应的经济、文化和政治条件，不顾条件而推行民主，会给国家和人民带来灾难性的结果。
政治民主是历史潮流，不断走向民主是世界各国的必然趋势。
但是，推行民主的时机和速度，选择民主的方式和制度，则是有条件的。
一种理想的民主政治，不仅与社会的经济制度和经济发展水平、地缘政治、国际环境相关，而且与国家的政治文化传统、政治人物和国民的素质、公民的生活习惯等密切相关。
如何以最小的政治和社会代价，取得最大的民主效益，需要政治家和民众的智慧。
从这个意义上说，民主政治也是一种政治艺术。
推进民主政治，需要精心的制度设计和高超的政治技巧。
⑤任何人和任何政治组织，都无权以民主的化身自居，在民主的名义下去强迫人民做什么和不做什么。
民主需要启蒙，需要法治，需要权威，也需要暴力来维护正常的秩序。
但是，推行民主的基本手段不应当是国家的强制，而应当是人民的同意。
民主既然是人民的统治，就应当尊重人民自己的自愿选择。
从国内政治层面说，如果政府主要用强制手段，让人民接受不是他们自己选择的制度，那就是国内的政治专制，是国内的暴政；如果一个国家主要用强制的手段，让其他国家的人民也接受自己的所谓民主制度，那就是国际的政治专制，是国际的暴政。
无论是国内专制还是国际专制，都与民主的本质背道而驰。
⑥我们正在建设中国特色的社会主义现代化强国，对于我们来说，民主更是一个好东西，也更加必不可少。
当然，我们正在建设的，是具有中国特色的社会主义民主政治。
一方面，我们要充分吸取人类政治文明的一切优秀成果，包括民主政治方面的优秀成果；但另一方面，我们不照搬国外的政治模式。
我们的民主政治建设，也必须密切结合我国的历史文化传统和社会现实条件。
只有这样，中国人民才能真正享受民主政治的甜蜜果实。
(本文有删节) 12．下列选项符合文意的两项是( )A．民主有内在的局限性，但能代替其他制度规范人类生活，解决人类的问题，让人类的人格更完整。
B．不断走向民主是世界各国的必然趋势。
政治家和民众需要用智慧以最小的政治和社会代价，取得最大的民主效益。