直引和间引
直接引语和间接引语的变化规则
一、定义 直接引述别人的话，叫直接引语。被引用的部分放在引号 里。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语，间接引语不用引 号，在多数情况下是以宾语从句的形式出现。
二、直接引语和间接引语的变化规则 (一)人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新
用法 举例
He said, “We love our country. ” 一随主 →He said that they love their country. 直接引语中的第 他说他们热爱自己的国家。 一人称根据间接 She said to me, “I have left my books in your room. ” 引语中的主语作 →She told me she had left her books in my room. 相应的变化 她对我说她把书落在我屋里了。
按要求改写句子
1. (2012· 安顺中考)“Jack, can you help with the dinner? ”Jack’s mother asked. （改成间接引语） Jack was asked ______ he ______ help with the dinner. 答案：if; could
(二)时态的变化
直接引语
间接 引语
例句
一般现在时
Tom said, “I usually get up at six. ”→Tom said (that) 一 般 过 去 he usually got up at six. 时 汤姆说他通常六点起床。
一般过去时
Mike told me, “I walked to school yesterday. ” 过 去 完 成 →Mike told me he had walked to school the day before. 时 迈克告诉我他昨天步行去上学的。
直接引语和间接引语
直接引语和间接引语Direct Speech and Indirect Speech一、直接引语和间接引语的特点1、直接引语用来直接引述别人的话语，具有以下四个特点：（1）被引用的话放在引号内（2）被引用的话是原句，不做任何改动（3）引出直接引语的引述动词常为say, ask, shout, cry, add, order, smile, laugh等。
比如：Lisa asked,“Can someone help me?”2、间接引语用来转述别人的话语，具有以下个特点；（1）通常以宾语重句的形式出现（2）有时态，人称，时间，地点的变化（3）引出直接引语的引述动词常为say, ask, shout, cry, add, order, smile, laugh 等。
比如：The girl asked if I could help her.二、直接引语与间接引语的转换通常有五要素：引，人，序，时，小1、引导词（1）陈述句中用that（可省略）（2）一般疑问句if/whether（3）特殊疑问句how/what/why等（4）祈使句无引导词，一般用tell/ask sb (not) to do2、如何变人称下面有一句顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化：She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。
或被第二人你所修饰。
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的主句没有宾语。
也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
英语语法 直接引语与间接引语
He said that he was very happy. He said how happy he was. "What a clever boy you are!" she exclaimed. → She told him what a clever boy he was. → She told him that he was a clever boy.
由直接引语转变为间接引语,有时会引时态 的变化,注意以下几个方面 1.主句动词为一般现在时、现在完成时或一 般将来时，在转述直接引语过程中可以不作 任何时态改变：
直接引语 She often says , “All men and women are equal under the law.”
间接引语 She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.
better等： She said to me: “You must hurry up.”
→
She said that I must hurry up.
1.He often says “ I shall tell you about them.” B will He often tells me that _____ tell _____ about ______. B. he…me…them D. I…me…you
特殊疑问句： 变为间接引语后，仍用原来的疑问词引 导，用陈述语序。时态等作相应变化。 „‟When did they build this bridge?” she asked. She asked when they built that bridge. The teacher asked her, “Why did you come late?” The teacher asked her why she came late.
直接引语和间接引语用法讲解
直接引语和间接引语用法讲解一、概述引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。
有两种方式：直接引述别人的原话，两边用引号“”标出，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。
用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。
Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”Mr. Black said that he was busy.转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化。
二、直接引语1、句式的变化直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化1）陈述句。
用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。
主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如：He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” ——>He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday.”——>He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可说told that）此外主句中的谓语还常有：repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如：He said，“I'm late because of the heavy traffic.”——> He explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。
直接引语与间接引语(带问题详解)
下面有一句顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”（一主二宾三不变.）。
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
如：She said. “My brother wants to go with me. ”→She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。
或被第二人你所修饰。
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的主句没有宾语。
也可以用第一人称。
如：He said to Kate. “How is your sister now?”→He asked Kate how her sister was then.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。
如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
如：Mr Smith said。
“Jack is a good worker。
”→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。
直引若是一般问，变间ifwhether连。
语序变为陈述式，时态人称相应变。
直引若是特殊问，疑问词连接记心间。
其余问题挺简单，一切只当一般问。
直引若是祈使句，谓语动词挺要紧。
toldaskedordered,根据口气来选定。
告诉人、请人、命令人，后跟to do sth.。
若是否定祈使句,not to do后边行。
直接引语变间接引语练习题1．He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.”2．She said: “He will be busy.”3．She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”4．She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”5．The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”6．The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.”7．The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”8．The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”9．My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”10．The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”11．He said, “We are still students.’12．He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”13．The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”14．He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.”15．She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.16．Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”17．He said, “We insisted that she start immediately.18．She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.”19．I said to him, “I have finished it.”20．She said to us,“ I’ll come here tomorrow.”21．“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?” the young man asked.22．“I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily.23．“Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.24．“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me.25．“What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother.直接引语变间接引语专练题（二）Ⅰ.单项选择1. He asked ________ for the computer.A. did I pay how muchB. I paid how muchC. how much did I payD. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. →He asked me _______.A. had I seen the filmB. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the filmD. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me.→He ______ me _____ the window.A. said to; to closeB. told to; closingC. asked ; to closeD. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. →He said _________.A. that I am a teacherB. I was a teacherC. that he is a teacherD. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.”→He _____- very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy wasB. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy wasD. spoke to his mother that the boy was6. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked.→She asked ________.A. if I have already got well, hadn’t youB. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got wellD. had I already got well.7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?”→He asked me _________.A. am I a Party member or a League memberB. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.8. He asked, “How are you getting along?”→He asked _______.A. how am I getting alongB. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting alongD. how was I getting along9. He asked me ________ with me.A. what the matter isB. what the mater wasC. what’s the matterD. what was the matter10. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He _____ me _______ that again.A. said to me; not to doB. said to me; don’t doC. told me; don’t doD. told me; not to do附答案：1． He told me that he had left his book in his room.2． She said that he would be busy.3． She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.4． She asked me whether that book was mine or his.5． The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.6． The teacher told the students not to waste their time.7． The mother asked Tom to get up early.8． The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.9． My father said practice makes perfect.10． The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.11． He said they are still students.12． He told me that he was born in 1978.13． The engineer said he was at college in 1967.14． He said he had studied English since he was a boy.15． She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.16． Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.17． He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately.18． She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.19． I told him I had finished it.20． She told us she would come here tomorrow21． The young man asked Karen where her chemistry teacher lived.22． The little boy said happily that he had gained the first place in the mathematics competition.23． The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light travels faster than sound.24． Mary asked me if / whether I would go to the concert with her that evening. 25． The old man asked my brother what he had done there the day before.答案与简析：1. D 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
引号的规则和用法
引号的规则和用法1. 引号的种类引号主要分为直引号和间引号两种。
- 直引号：直引号使用的是双引号（“ ”）或单引号（‘ ’），常用于引用别人的话语或文本。
- 间引号：间引号是一种特殊的引号形式，使用的是「」、『』、（）等符号。
在中文写作中，通常使用间引号来表示引用、强调或指示。
2. 直引号的使用规则当引用他人的话语或文本时，可以使用直引号。
- 在句子中引用短语或单词时，可以使用双引号或单引号将其括起来。
例如：> 他说：“我很喜欢这本书。
”> 她对我说：‘你做得很棒！’- 当引用一段长的话语或文本时，可以使用段落引号或双引号将其括起来。
例如：> 他在报告中写道：“根据最新的研究，这种方法非常有效。
”3. 间引号的使用规则间引号主要用于引用、强调或指示特定内容。
- 在句子中引用一段话时，可以使用间引号将其括起来。
例如：> 她说：“我很喜欢这个主意，因为它能够解决很多问题。
”- 当需要强调某个词语或短语时，可以使用间引号将其括起来。
例如：> 这些“专家”们居然把事情搞砸了。
- 在一段文字中指示特定内容时，可以使用间引号将其括起来。
例如：> 他坚决主张“质量第一，用户至上”。
4. 注意事项- 引号应当与被引用内容之间保持一定的间距，一般为一个空格。
例如：> 他说：“我很喜欢这本书。
”- 在使用引号时要注意语法的正确性，确保引号使用的合理、准确。
- 引号不应该过度使用或滥用，应当掌握好使用的度。
总结引号在书写中具有一定的规则和用法。
通过正确使用引号，可以清晰明确地表达他人的话语或文本，有效地进行引用、强调和指示。
在使用引号时，应当注意与被引用内容之间的间距，并遵守相应的语法规则。
同时，应当避免过度使用引号，保持引用的适度和准确性。
引号的规则和用法可以提高文本的准确性和可读性，帮助读者更好地理解和理解作者的意图。
在写作过程中，我们应当充分运用引号，使文章更加精确、生动和有说服力。
直接引语和间接引语
2.一般疑问句:
Is it easy to work out the problem? ( They asked him ) It is easy to work out the problem.
They asked him
if it is easy to work out the problem.
如 何 变 时 态
2
直接引语
间接引语 一般过去时
Direct Speech
She said, “I like singing. ”(一般现在时) She said, “I am waiting for a bus.”（现在进行时） She said, “I visited Europe last year.”（一般过去时） She said, “I have never met an American.”（现在完成时） She said, “I will see you next week.” （一般将来时）
Hi，I’m Douraeman.
He said he was Douraeman.
What does he say?
直接引语和间接引语
He said,“ I am Doraemon.”---- Direct Speech He said he was Doraemon. ---- Indirect Speech
一 随 主 二 随 宾
引号内的第一人 称变间引后与主 句主语的人称保 持一致 引号内的第二人 称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保 持一致 引号内的第三人 称在变间引后人 称不变
She said,“ I like She said that she Tennis.” liked tennis.
引号的辨析与用法区别
引号的辨析与用法区别在日常的写作、印刷和排版中，引号常常被用来引用他人的话语、引述书籍中的片段以及表示特定意义的词语。
然而，引号的使用也存在一些细微的辨析和用法区别。
本文将从三个方面介绍引号的辨析与用法区别，包括直引号与间引号、单引号与双引号以及引号的特殊用法。
首先，直引号与间引号是引号使用中的一个重要区别。
直引号（“ ”）是在正文中直接引用他人的话语或引述书籍中的片段时使用的标点符号。
例如：作者表示：“我爱学习，学习可以开阔我的视野。
”在这个例子中，直引号被用来引用作者的话语。
直引号一般在英美等英语国家使用。
而间引号（‘ ’）则一般用于直引号之内的引用、在引语中嵌入另一个引语或者表示特殊含义。
例如：小明对小红说：“他对我说：‘你真的很勇敢’。
”在这个例子中，直引号内的间引号被用于嵌入引语。
间引号一般在法国等法语国家使用。
其次，单引号与双引号也是引号使用中的一个要点。
单引号（‘ ’）和双引号（“ ”）可以互相补充使用，但在不同的语境中会有所不同。
一般而言：单引号多用于对话、引用短语或表示特殊含义。
例如：小明对小红说：‘你好！’这个短语在英语中表示问候。
单引号还可以用于注解或引用特定名称或词语。
例如：在《简·爱》的书评中，评论家引用了夏洛蒂·勃朗特的名言：‘我是一只独立的独角兽’。
双引号则多用于直接引用句子、引用段落或表示对某个词语的强调。
例如：他说：“我很喜欢你的博客文章。
”她写道：“爱是一种美丽的感觉。
”最后，还有一些引号的特殊用法需要注意。
首先是括号中的引号。
如果整个句子需要使用括号，而其中又有引用或者让读者留意的内容，这时可以用括号和引号的组合。
例如：这本书（包括前言和后记）告诉我们：“不要忘记自己的初心。
”另外，引号也可用于表示特定字词或短语的名词化。
例如：在这个社交平台上，他的“点赞”数一直很高。
此外，引号也可以用来表示讽刺、揶揄或质疑的语气。
例如：他这么“礼貌”，一定有什么企图。
直接引语和间接引语(教师用)
直接引语和间接引语He said, “I am very sorry. ”He said that he was very sorry.● ● 考点：“直引”转化为“间引”。
● 重要概念： 三、如何转换？是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。
She said,"My brother wants to go with me. "→She said.Mr Smith said, "Jack is a good worker."→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker.He said, “I am very sorry.She said to her son , “I'll check your homework tonight. ”※He said that he was very sorry.※She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.1． 时态的转变： ● “时态逆移规则” “I am very glad to visit your school”, she said.→She said she was very glad to visit our school.Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music. ”EXE.→Tom said that they _were____ listening to the pop music.Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?”→Mother asked me whether I __had___ ___f inishied__ my homework before I_watched____TV.即，“时态逆移规则”： 直接引语改为间接引语时，只有在引述动词（主句动词）如果是过去时，转述分句(从句)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态 :时态逆移一览表(箭头右侧为空)一般式 进行式 完成式● 一般过去时→→过去完成时 ● 一般现在时→→一般过去时 ● 一般将来时→→过去将来时 ● 过去进行时 ● 现在进行时→→过去进行时 ● 将来进行时→→过去将来进行时 ● 过去完成时● 现在完成时→→过去完成时● 将来完成时→→过去将来完成时2． 有时，转述分句的时态无需逆移，不能逆移或不逆移● 以下为无时态逆移的例子，试总结规律：① He always says, “I am tired out. ” →→He always says that he is tired out.② He will say, “I’ll try my best to he lp you. ” →→He will say that he will try his best to help me.③ He said, “I went to college in 1994. ” →→He told us that he went to college in 1994.④ He said ，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school. ”→→He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.⑤ Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound. ”→→Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.⑥ He said ，“Practice makes perfect. ” →→He said that practice makes perfect.⑦ He said, “She must be a teacher. ” →→He said that she must be a teacher.⑧ The doctor said, “You 'd better drink plenty of water. ” →→The doctor said I 'd better drink plentyof water.无“时态逆移”一览表：六、义对义转述分句 ● 陈述句以外的其他句型：句子形式=意义。
英语语法 直接引语和间接引语
直接引语和间接引语引用别人的话一般有两种方式，一种是直接引用别人的原话，并把它放在引号内，这叫 直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人的话，并且不能用引号，这就是间接引语。
间接 引语在许多情况下构成宾语从句。
“I want to buy a house in the country.” Jack said. 杰克说：“我想在乡下买座房子。
”(直接引语) Jack said that he wanted to buy a house in the country. 杰克他说他想在乡下买座房子。
(间接引语) 1. 直接引语变间接引语的七大变化 (1) 人称变化 下面有一句顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。
① 一随主 是指在直接引语变间接引语时， 如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。
从 句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
She said. “My brother wants to go with me.” → She said her brother wanted to go with her. ② 二随宾 是指直接引语变间接引语时， 若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。
或被第二人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的主句没有宾语。
也可以用第一人 称。
He said to Kate. “How is your sister now?” → He asked Kate how her sister was then。
③ 第三人称不更新 是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修 饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
Mr. Smith said: “Jack is a good worker。
” →Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker。
(2) 时态的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时， 若主句为过去时态， 变为间接引语的宾语从句通常要将时态 往后推一个。
直接引语和间接引语
一、直接引语和间接引语的特点1．直接引语的特点2．间接引语的特点二、直接引语与间接引语的转换1．人称变化2．时态变化3．指示代词的变化4．时间状语的变化5．地点状语的变化6．方向性动词的变化三、不同句式的直接引语怎样转换为间接引语1．陈述句2．疑问句3．祈使句4．感叹句(一)直接引语和间接引语的特点直接引语和间接引语是人们用来直接引述或间接转述别人话语的重要形式，这两种形式各有特点。
1．直接引语的特点直接引语用来直接引述别人的话语，一般说来具有以下五个特点：（1）被引用的话放在引号内；（2）被引用的话是原话，不作任何改动；（3）引用的话之前用“，”或“：”；（4）引用的话结束后，需用“．”、“!”、“?”等标点符号；（5）引出直接引语的引述动词常为say(说道)，ask(问道)，shout(喊道)，cry(喊道)，order(命令)，add(补充道)，smile(微笑道)，laugh(大笑道)等。
ura said,“I would like to visit China this summer.”劳拉说：“今年夏天，我想去中国游The doctor asked:“What’s the matter with you?”医生问：“你怎么了?”2．间接引语的特点间接引讲用来转述别人的话语，它主要有如下几个特点：（1）在引述谓语和被引用的话语之问不用逗号、冒号、引号等；（2）有时态的变化；（3）有人称、时间、地点等的变化；（4）常用的引述动词有say(说道)，ask(问道)，shout(喊道)，cry(喊道)，order(命令)，add(补充道)，smile(微笑道)，laugh(大笑道)等。
l said that he would stay in China for another year.米尔说他将在中国再呆一年。
(二)直接引语与间接引语的转换直接引语在很多情况下可以转换成间接引语，此时应注意人称、时态、地点状语和时间状语的变化，同时还应注意不同句式的变化。
直接引语和间接引语知识讲解
直接引语和间接引语知识讲解概念引入我们先看下面的句子：1.John said, “I’m going to London with my father.”约翰说：“我要和父亲到伦敦去。
”2.She said, “Do you often come here to read newspapers?”她说：“你经常来这儿看报吗？”3.I asked him, “Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?”我问他：“你今晚是待在家还是去看电影？”4.“Why don’t you take a walk after supper?”he asked.他问：“饭后干嘛不出去走走呢？”从上述四个例句看出：引号内是直接引用别人的原话，这种句子为直接引语。
再看这一组句子：1.John said that he was going to London with his father.约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。
2.She asked me if (whether) I often went there to read newspapers.她问我是否经常去那儿看报。
3.I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.我问他那天晚上是待在家还是去看电影。
4.He advised me to take a walk after supper.他建议我晚饭后出去走走。
从第二组的四个例句看出，都是别人的原话进行了转述，这就是间接引语。
在转述中，人称、时态、代词、时间状语的表达都有所变化。
那么从直接引语变成间接引语，都有哪些部分需要变化呢？用法讲解课文原句回放首先请看下面几个句子，这几个句子来自课文，分别是直接引语和间接引语。
请大家看看这些句子，看看这些直接引语和间接引语有什么区别。
其实，我们从形式上就可以看出它们的区别：1. “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,”said Anne. (Direct speech)安妮说：”我不想在日记中记流水账。
直接引用和间接引用的区别和用法
直接引用和间接引用的区别和用法
一、指代不同
1、间接引用：不说明引文出处,而将其编织在自已的话语中，或是引用原句，或是只引大意。
2、直接引用：直接引用原文,并加上引号，或者是只引用原文大意，不加引号,但是都注明原文的出处。
二、特点不同
1、间接引用：引用者对所引用的语句加以评判，持否定的态度，即所使用的意思与原来的意思是相反的，以达到标新立异，或起到讽刺的作用。
2、直接引用：引用者对所引用的语句持肯定的态度，用在引文与原文意思相一致的场合。
三、优势不同
1、间接引用：凭依所引出处或主旨正确与否立论，有确引与讹引之异。
2、直接引用：用来印证自己的观点，表达自己的思想感情。
直接引语与间接引
时态
A.主句是一般现在时，指引变间引时时态不变。 e.g. I go to school on foot. He says that he goes to school on foot. B.主句是过去时，指引变间引时时态要变。 一般现在时 一般过去时
（主+V原形/V三单） （主+Ved）
e.g. 1. I can jump high. He says that he can jump high. She said that he could jump high. 2.I must do my homework by myself. He says that he must do his homework by himself. He said that he had to do his homework by himself.
Exercise
1. You should finish your homework on time. I tell her He tells me 2. You can go out to play basketball. My mother tells me His father tells him 3.You must keep the room clean. He tells me She tells him
语序
陈述语序：主+谓 be V.
人称：
一随主：在直引变间引时，如果从句中的主语是第 一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按 照主句中主语的人称变化。 e.g. 1. I am a teacher. He says that he is a teacher. She says that she is a teacher. 2. My brother wants to go swimming with me. She says that her brother wants to go swimming with her. He says that his brother wants to go swimming with him.
直引变间引
直接引语就是直接引用别人的话，并把它放在引号内；间接引语就是用自己的话转述别人的话，不加引号。
直接引语变成间接引语时，间接引语通常以宾语从句的形式出现。
直接引语变成间接引语时还要注意人称的变化、时态的变化、指示代词的变化、时间状语的变化及地点状语的变化。
1. 直接引语是陈述句变为间接引语的方法如果直接引语是陈述句，在变为间接引语时，由连词that引导（在口语中that常省略）。
主句中如果有say to somebody （对某人说），通常变为tell somebody （告诉某人）。
◆ He said, “I get on well with people here.”→He said that he got on well with people there.◆ Susan said, “We can finish the work tomorrow.”→Susan said that they could finish the work the next day.◆ John said to me, “I told her all about it three days ago.”→John told me that he had told her all about it three days before.【提醒注意】如果直接引语是两个并列的陈述句，变为间接引语时，第一个宾语从句前的that有时可省略，但第二个宾语从句前的that不可省略。
◆He said, “I like swimming and I want to go swimming with you.”→He said (that) he liked swimming and that he wa nted to go swimming with us.2. 直接引语是一般疑问句变为间接引语的方法直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether 或if 引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。
直接引语和间接引语1
直接引语和间接引语概述1.我们把引述别人的话语可归纳为两种方式，一种时直接引述别人的话语，并置于引号之内的称为直接引语，另一种是用自己的语言转述别人的话语，称为间接引语，间接一般构成宾语从句。
The teacher asked, “Do you like English?”老师问：“你喜欢英语吗？”（直接引语）The girl said that she liked English very much. 这个女孩说她非常喜欢英语。
（间接引语）2.一般在直接引语或间接引语当中都有一个引述动词，如tell, ask, say 等。
这些引述动词和它们的主语所放位置比较灵活，可以放在直接引语之前、之后或其中。
主语如果是名词时，可以倒装。
“主语+引述动词”放在间接引语当中就相当于宾语从句的主语部分。
He told me, “I am going to Changchun tomorrow.”他告诉我：“明天我打算去长春。
”“Where are you from?” asked Linda. “你来自哪里？”琳达问。
直接引语变间接引语的变化形式1.人称代词和指示代词的变化指示代词this 和these通常变为that和those 。
人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。
从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。
例如：He said, “I came to help you.”他说：“我是来帮助你的。
”→He said that he had come to help me. 他说他是来帮助我的。
2.时态的变化（1）引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。
（2）引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。
具体变化如下：一般现在时→一般过去时一般过去时→过去完成时现在进行时→过去进行时现在完成时→过去完成时一般将来时→过去将来时（1）含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。
直接引语和间接引
• 2、×××对×××说：“我……，你……， 他……。” • 如：张老师对小明说：“我今天中午有事情，不能 到公园去了，请你告诉张春，叫他不要等我了。” • 这样的句式中出现了“我”“你”“他”等人 称代词，在转述中，如还是把“我”改成“他”， 就和原句中的“他”混淆，产生误会，因而，原句 中的“他”要改成张春（引号中的那个人名）。 • 改为：张老师对小明说，他今天中午有事情， 不能到公园去了，请告诉张春，叫张春下午不要等 他了。 • 亦可把语句稍作改动，改为：张老师对小明说， 他今天中午有事情，不能到公园去了，请告诉张春， 下午不要等他了。 注意：句中的“他”一定是 指说话的那个人。
直接引语的一般结构：
/ ******说： “…………”
提示语 / 引语
例题
1、李鹏说：“小不点，你很聪明。” 提示语为 李鹏说 引语为小不点 ，你很聪明。 2、李鹏对小不点说：“你很聪明。”
提示语为 李鹏对小不点说 引语为 你很聪明
例
句
• 1、老师问我今天为什么这么高兴.
• 2、老师问我:“你今天怎么这么高兴?” • 3、孩子对父亲说:“妈妈出去买菜了.” • 4、孩子告诉父亲妈妈出去买菜了
• b、直接引语中出现了第一人称的时候，改写为 间接引语时，要将第一人称改为第三人称。 （1）例：小云说：“我不玩了。” • 改为：小云说他不玩了。 • c、直接引语中同时出现了不同人称的时候，就 应该根据以上的各项进行改写。 • （1）例：老师十分和蔼地对她说：“我们为该 剧设计了一个旁白，你的口齿清楚，音色柔美， 希望你担任这个叙述者的角色。” 改为：老师 十分和蔼地对她说他们为该剧设计了一个旁白， 她的口齿清楚，音色柔美，希望她担任这个叙 述者的角色。
•
3、×××对×××说：“你的……， 我……。” • 如：小明对小芳说：“你的书包非常漂亮， 我非常喜欢。” • 由于句中“你”不是着重描写的对象， 它是用来限制书包是谁的。句中着重描写 的对象是物——书包，因而句中的你不能 去掉，应改成提示语中的第二个人名，即 小芳。 • 改为：小明对小芳说，小芳的书包非 常漂亮，他非常喜欢。
直接引语和间接引语用法讲解
直接引语和间接引语用法讲解一、概述引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话,这叫做直接引语direct speech;用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语indirect speech;Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”Mr. Black said that he was busy.二、直接引语陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导that在口语中常省去,that从句之前用say、tell等动词,从句中的人称、时态、指示代→He told me that she had left her book in my room. She’s→she had, her不变,your→my直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化,把直接引语中的第一人称如：I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours变为与主句的主语相一致的人称;把直接引语中的第二人称you,your,yours变为和主句的间接宾语即听话人,如无听话人,可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称相一致的人称;直接引语中的第三人称he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their,theirs,them变为间接引语时,人称不变;2、时态的变化1主句的谓语动词是一般时和过去时He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”→He said that he had finished his homework before supper.Zhou Lan said, “I'll do it after class.”→Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.He said,“I shall be doing my homework then.”→He said that he should be doing his homework then.He said, “We shall have finished the work by that time.”→He said that they should have finished the work by that time.注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时,变为间接引语时,时态不变;The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”→The teacher said that the earth is round.He said, “I was born in Shangdong in 1965.”→He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965.2主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时,直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一律不变He says, “I finished the work.He says that he finished the work.He will say, “I have watered the flowers.”He will say he has watered the flowers.3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化见下表：He said, “I met Mr. Smith this morning.”→He said that he had met Mr. Smith that morning.He said, “We went to the cinema yesterday.”→He said they had gone to the cinema the day before. Lily said, “I will come back next month.”→Lily said that she would go back the next month.He said, “It is nine o'clock now.”→He said that it was nine o'clock then.He said, “I haven't seen her today.”→He said that he hadn't seen her t hat day .She said, “I went there yesterday.”→She said that she had gone there the day before.She said, “I'll go there tomorrow.”→She said that she would go there the next day.巧记:去掉引号加that,人称变化要灵活,时态向后退一步,状语变化按规定;三、直接引语是疑问句时直接引语如为疑问句,改为间接引语时,须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序;其人称、时态等相应的变化同上;巧记：if或whether替引号,陈述语序要记牢;时态、人称和状语要变化,千万别把它忘掉;1、直接引语是一般问句变为间接引语时,须用连接词whether或if将其引出,使其成为间接引语的宾语从句;如果主句中的谓语动词为said,则将其改为asked;如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语,可以加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, them, us等;She said, “Is your father an engineer”→She asked me whether my father was an engineer.The teacher said to Li Ming, “Have you finished your homework”→The teacher asked Li Ming whether he had finished his homework.2、直接引语是特殊问句如果直接引语为特殊疑问句, 改为间接引语时,仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what, where, when, who, how many作为连接词将其引出,构成间接引语中的宾语从句,但须将疑问式的动词改为陈述式;如果主句中的谓语动词为said,则将其改为asked;“What do you do every Sunday morning”my friend said to me.→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday morning.“Where have you been, Li Ming”the teacher asked.→The teacher asked Li Ming where he had been.I asked her, “How many English books will you read next term”→I asked her how many English books she would read the next term.“When did you get up this morning”asked my father.→My father asked me when I had got up that morning.注意：直接引语里是：What's wrong with……/What's the matter /What's the trouble/What has happened/等特殊疑问句时,间接引语的语序不变;He said to her“What’s the matter with you”他问她“你怎么了”He asked her what was the matter with her. 他问她怎么了;四、直接引语是祈使句巧记：去掉引号要加to；ask,order须记住,直引若是否定式,not加在to前部;He said,“Sit down, please.”→He asked me to sit down.The teacher said, “Don’t talk in class ”→The teacher told us not to talk in classThe captain said to his men,“Fire ”→The captain ordered his men to fire.五、点击考点I.改错：1.He said that he is going to London.2.Tom said they had finished the job yesterday.3.She asked me don’t smoke in the room.4.They asked that he was there.5.I asked you where was he going.6.The teacher told us not talk any more.7.The doctor said to his wife, Not wait for me.8.He asked me who I am.9.Mary said that she would see you tomorrow.10.Mother asked what the matter was.II.将下列句子改为间接引语1. “Where will you go tomorrow”, Mother asked me.2.The old woman said to me, “Please lock the door for me.”3.The boy told his teacher, “We went to an exhibition yesterday.”4.He said, “I'll go to the station to see off a friend of mine this afternoon.”5. “Hello,how are you”, he said to me.6.Tom said to me angrily, “Why don’t you tell me you have been here for two weeks”7.John said to Mary,“Do you remember I borrowed a diamond necklace from y ou”8.The teacher said to Li Ming,“Don’t make the same mistake again.”9. “Are you leaving today or tomorrow”, I asked her.10.The nurse said to the children, “The sun rises in the east.”参考答案:I. 1.is→was 2.yesterday→the day before3.don’t→not to 4.tha t→if5.was he→he was6.not 后面加to7.Not→Don't8.am→was9.tomorrow→the next day 10.was the matterII. 1.Mother asked me where I would go the next day.2.The old woman asked me to lock the door for her.3.The boy told his teacher that they had gone to an exhibition the day before.4.He said that he would go to the station to see off a friend of his that afternoon.5.He asked me how I was.6.Tom asked me angrily why I didn't tell him I had been there for two weeks.7.John asked Mary if she remembered he had borrowed a diamond necklace from her.8.The teacher told Li Ming not to make the same mistake again.9.I asked her whether she was leaving that day or the next day.10.The nurse told the children that the sun rises in the east.。
引号的正确使用方法
引号的正确使用方法1. 引号的种类引号主要分为直引号和间引号两种。
在中文写作中，一般使用直引号（“”）来引用他人的话或文字。
在英文写作中，使用的是半角引号（""），分为双引号和单引号。
2. 引号的使用场合2.1 直引号的使用直引号一般用于引用直接的言论、对话或文字。
例如：> 他说：“我们应该保护环境。
”> 文章中写道：“根据最新的研究结果，这种药物具有很好的疗效。
”2.2 间引号的使用间引号一般用于引用其他的引用，或者标明特定用途的词语。
例如：> 他引用了这样一句谚语：“人无完人。
”> 他使用了“精确”这个词来形容这个概念。
3. 引号的注意事项3.1 引号前后要有空格在使用引号时，引号的前后应该留有一个空格。
例如：> ”明天开始“3.2 不要滥用引号引号主要用于引述他人的言论或文字，而不应该被滥用于加强语气或突出自己的观点。
滥用引号会造成误导或流于形式的问题。
例如：> 这个产品非常“好”。
正确的用法应该是：> 这个产品非常好。
3.3 引号内的标点符号位置在使用引号时，标点符号的位置应该放在引号外面。
例如：> 她说：“下午三点我们见面。
”4. 总结正确使用引号是写作中的基本技巧之一。
我们应该清楚直引号和间引号的用法，并注意引号周围的空格和标点符号的位置。
遵循这些规范，可以帮助我们更好地运用引号，使文章更加准确、规范和可信。
参考资料：。
引用标点符号的用法及正确使用
引用标点符号的用法及正确使用概述在中文写作中，引号和书名号被广泛使用，而且它们的使用方法也是相当复杂的。
正确使用引号和书名号不仅可以提升文章的规范性和专业性，还可以帮助读者更好地理解文章内容。
本文将就引用标点符号的用法及正确使用进行详细阐述，以帮助读者更好地掌握这一知识点。
一、引号的用法1.直引号和间引号的使用在中文写作中，引号分为直引号和间引号两种，它们的使用场景各有不同。
直引号是指直接插入文本中的引号，用来标示引用的内容。
间引号则是指在直引号内部再次引用其他内容所使用的引号。
在使用直引号和间引号时，需要注意以下几点：直引号的使用方法：(1) 直引号常用于标示直接引用他人观点、言论、事实或文字等。
例如：他说：“明天要下雨。
”(2) 直引号后的标点符号需放在引号外。
例如：她问：“你去不去？”(3) 用于插入非成文物品的书名、歌曲名、电影名等。
例如：他最喜欢的歌曲是《青春修炼手册》。
间引号的使用方法：(1) 间引号用于引述直接引用的内容中已有的引号或者括号。
例如：他说：“这篇文章中提到了‘封建社会的婚姻制度’。
”(2) 引号内的句号、问号、感叹号等标点要放在引号内。
例如：“他来了。
”、“你在哪里？”2.文学作品中的引号使用在中文写作中，文学作品的引号使用也是非常常见的，正确的引号使用可以提高文章的质量和规范性。
在使用引号标点时，需要注意以下几点：(1) 在引用诗歌、古文等作品时，需要使用书名号。
例如：《静夜思》中有“床前明月光”之句。
(2) 在引起小说、散文等作品时，需要使用双直引号。
例如：小说《红楼梦》中有这样的一句话“醉花阴里看鸟语”。
(3) 如果一部作品既有书名又有片段是诗歌，那么要书名号和双引号相结合，有先后次序。
例如：《醉翁亭记》中句中存在插入的一段诗“禅生饭熟着田家”。
二、书名号的使用在中文写作中，书名号是用来书写书名、期刊名、报纸名、电影名、电视剧名等固定作品名称的标点符号。
正确使用书名号可以使文章更规范、更易于阅读。
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注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，
在口语当中往往省略
e.g. 1. I hear (that) __h_e_w_i_l_l _b_e_b_a_c_k_i_n_a_n__h_o_u_r _. （一小时后他会回来） 2. He said (that) _h_e__m_i_ss_e_d__u_s_v_e_ry__m__u_ch___. （他非常想念我们） 3. The teacher told us (that) __th_e_e_a_r_th__m_o_v_e_s__a_ro_u_n_d__th_e__su_n__.
2. “Will they go to visit the Great Wall?” he asked.
He asked if (whether) they would go visit the Great Wall.
直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系
特殊疑问句变为who, what, when等引导的宾语从句 e.g.
1. He asked, “Where do you live?” He asked where I lived.
2. “How can we get to the post-office?” he asked. He asked how they could get to the post-office.
The Object Clause (Revision)
宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。 主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个 成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中 充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的 从句在全句中作宾语。
一、教学任务 复习宾语从句
1. The radio says it __w_i_ll_b_e___ cloudy tomorrow. (be) 2. The headmaster hopes everything __g_o_e_s_ well. (go)
3. Tom says that they _w__e_r_e_p_l_a_y_in_g_ (play) basketball at six o’clock yesterday evening.
当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.
直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系
陈述句变为引导的宾语从句
e.g. 1.
He said, “You are younger than I ”. He said that I was younger than him.
2. He says, “Tom is a good student ”. He says that Tom is a good student.
由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句
e.g. 1. I want to know _if_(_w_h_e_t_h_e_r)__h_e_w_i_l_l _g_o_t_o_t_h_e_p_a_r_k_w__it_h_u_s_.
（他是否跟我们一起去公园）
2. Ask him w__h_e_th_e_r_(_if_)_h_e__c_an__c_o_m_e__. （他是否能来） 3. I don’t know _w__h_e_th_e_r_i_t _is__g_o_in_g__to__ra_i_n_o_r_n_o_t_.（是否要下雨）
二、重点和难点 1、由不同引导词引导的宾语从句 2、直接引语和间接引语 3、宾语从句中时态的变化
由从属连词that引导的宾语从句
由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which， what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when
引导的宾语从句
由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句
直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系
一般疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句
e.g. 1. She said, “ Do you often come here to read newspaper? ”
She asked if (whether) I often came here to read newspaper.
（谁的书法是班上最好的）
4. Please tell me _w_h_e_n__w_e_’_ll_h_a_v_e__a_m__ee_t_in_g__. （我们什么时候开会） 5. Can you tell me _w__h_e_re__h_e_i_s_____. （他在哪儿） 6. Could you tell me _h_o_w__I _c_a_n_g_e_t_t_o_t_h_e_s_ta_t_io_n_. （我该怎么去车站） 7. Would you tell me __w_h_y__th_e__tr_a_in__is__la_t_e（为什么火车迟到了）
（地球围着太阳转）
由连接代词what, whom, whose, which, what及连接 副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句
1. He asked _w_h_o__c_o_u_ld__a_n_sw__e_r _th_e__q_u_e_st_i_o_n_. (谁能回答这个问题） 2. Do you know__w_h_o_m__t_h_e_y_a_r_e_w_a_i_ti_n_g_f_o_r___. （他们在等谁） 3. He asked w__h_o_se__h_an_d_w__ri_ti_n_g_w_a_s_t_h_e_b_e_st_i_n_t_h_e_c_la_s_s__.
直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系
注 意：
1、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语 从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。
2、当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语 动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容 为客观真理时，仍然用d that the moon moves around the sun.