纯电动汽车外文翻译

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新能源汽车外文文献翻译

文献出处：Moriarty P, Honnery D. The prospects for global green car mobility[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2008, 16(16): 1717-1726.原文The prospects for global green car mobilityPatrick Moriarty, Damon HonneryAbstractThe quest for green car mobility faces two major challenges: air pollution from exhaust emissions and global climate change from greenhouse gas emissions. Vehicle air pollution emissions are being successfully tackled in many countries by technical solutions such as low-sulphur fuels, unleaded petrol and three-way catalytic converters. Many researchers advocate a similar approach for overcoming transport's climate change impacts. This study argues that finding a technical solution for this problem is not possible. Instead, the world will have to move to an alternative surface transport system involving far lower levels of motorised travel.Keywords：Green mobility; Fuel efficiency; Alternative fuels; Global climate change; air pollution1. IntroductionProvision of environmentally sustainable (or green) private transport throughout the world faces two main challenges. The first is urban and even regional air pollution, particularly in the rapidly growing cities of the industrialising world. The second is global climate change, caused mainly by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. These two barriers to green car mobility differ in several important ways. First, road traffic air pollution problems are more localised, because of the short atmospheric lifetimes of most vehicle pollutants and . Thus regional solutions are often not only possible, but also essential – Australian cities, for example, can (and must) solve their air pollution problems themselves. Matters are very different for global climate change. Except possibly for geo-engineering measuressuch as placing large quantities of sulphate aerosols in the lower stratosphere or erecting huge reflecting mirrors in space, one country cannot solve this problem alone. Climate change is a global problem. Nevertheless, it is possible for some countries to ‘freeload’ if the majority of nations that are important GHG emitter。

专业英语课件Electric Vehicles 电动汽车

• Throttle by wire:
– This system helps accomplish vehicle propulsion by means of an electronic throttle without any cables from the accelerator pedal to the throttle valve of the engine. In electric vehicles, this system controls the electric motors by sensing the accelerator pedal input and sending commands to the power inverter modules.
dollars), CalTech’s cost $600
EVs 101
1970 - Clean Air Car Race
• 50+ cars raced from MIT to Caltech using many alternative powertrains
• CalTech – Regenerative braking • Boston Electric Car Club – Battery
• 1910’s
– Mass-produced Ford cars undercut hand-built EV’s
– EV’s persist as status symbols and utility vehicles until Great Depression
Ford Electric #2
EVs 101
Kinds of Electric Vehicles
Locomotives

新能源汽车类英语作文

新能源汽车类英语作文英文回答：New energy vehicles (NEVs) are vehicles that use alternative fuel sources, such as electricity, rather than traditional fossil fuels like gasoline or diesel. NEVs offer a number of advantages over conventional vehicles, including reduced emissions, lower operating costs, and improved performance.Types of NEVs.There are a variety of different types of NEVs, including:Battery electric vehicles (BEVs): BEVs run solely on electricity, which is stored in a large battery pack. They produce zero emissions and have the lowest operating costs of all NEVs.Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs): PHEVs have both a gasoline engine and an electric motor. They can run on either gasoline or electricity, and they can be plugged in to recharge the battery. PHEVs have lower emissions than conventional vehicles, and they can save money on fuel costs.Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs): HEVs have a gasoline engine and an electric motor, but they cannot be plugged in to recharge the battery. The electric motor assists the gasoline engine, which improves fuel efficiency. HEVs have lower emissions than conventional vehicles, but they have higher operating costs than BEVs or PHEVs.Benefits of NEVs.NEVs offer a number of benefits over conventional vehicles, including:Reduced emissions: NEVs produce significantly lower emissions than conventional vehicles, which helps to improve air quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Lower operating costs: NEVs have lower operating costs than conventional vehicles, because electricity is a cheaper fuel than gasoline or diesel.Improved performance: NEVs often have better performance than conventional vehicles, due to their electric motors, which provide instant torque.Challenges of NEVs.NEVs also face a number of challenges, including:Limited driving range: BEVs have a limited driving range, which can make them impractical for long trips.Long charging times: BEVs take a long time to charge, which can be inconvenient.High purchase price: NEVs are often more expensive to purchase than conventional vehicles.Future of NEVs.NEVs are a promising technology with the potential to revolutionize the transportation sector. As the technology continues to improve, NEVs are expected to become more affordable, more efficient, and more popular.中文回答：新能源汽车。

纯电动汽车术语解释 -回复

纯电动汽车术语解释-回复什么是纯电动汽车？纯电动汽车（Battery Electric Vehicle，BEV），顾名思义，是指完全依靠电能驱动的汽车。

与传统的燃油汽车相比，纯电动汽车不需要使用传统的内燃机，而是通过电动机将电能转化为动力，并借助高容量的电池组提供能量。

这种特殊的驱动方式使纯电动汽车在环保性、能源效率、动力输出和驾驶体验等方面具有显著优势。

纯电动汽车的核心技术是电池组。

电池组是由众多电池单体组合而成，负责储存和释放电能。

目前市场上主要使用的电池类型是锂离子电池，这种电池具有高能量密度和长循环寿命等优点。

随着科技的发展，电池技术逐渐成熟，纯电动汽车的续航里程得以大幅提升，进一步推动了其发展。

在纯电动汽车中，电动机是关键的动力装置。

电动机将电能转化为驱动力，通过传动装置将动力传递给车轮驱动汽车前进。

纯电动汽车通常采用交流电动机（AC）或直流电动机（DC），它们具有高效率、高扭矩和高响应的特点。

电动机的控制系统可以根据驾驶人员的需求实现加速、减速和巡航等功能，从而提供更灵活、平顺的驾驶体验。

除了电池和电动机外，纯电动汽车还涉及多项辅助技术。

充电技术是其中最为重要的一项。

纯电动汽车通过外部电源将电能输入电池组进行充电，以补充电池能量。

随着电动车充电设施的普及和发展，充电方式也越来越多样化，包括普通家用电源充电、快速充电桩充电以及无线充电等。

此外，纯电动汽车还涉及能量回收技术。

通过制动系统和降低电动机输出扭矩等方式，纯电动汽车可以将部分动能转化为电能，回馈给电池组储存以延长续航里程。

这种能量回收技术被称为再生制动，能够提高能源利用效率。

纯电动汽车的发展带来了许多术语和概念。

以下是一些常见的纯电动汽车术语解释，以帮助更好地理解和使用这些技术：1. 续航里程（Driving Range）：指一辆纯电动汽车在单次充电后能够行驶的最长距离。

这个数值主要受电池容量和电动机能效等因素影响。

2. 快充（Fast Charging）：一种快速充电技术，可以在较短的时间内将电池充电至大部分容量。

新能源汽车外文文献翻译

文献出处：Moriarty P, Honnery D. The prospects for global green car mobility[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2008, 16(16): 1717-1726.原文The prospects for global green car mobilityPatrick Moriarty, Damon HonneryAbstractThe quest for green car mobility faces two major challenges: air pollution from exhaust emissions and global climate change from greenhouse gas emissions. Vehicle air pollution emissions are being successfully tackled in many countries by technical solutions such as low-sulphur fuels, unleaded petrol and three-way catalytic converters. Many researchers advocate a similar approach for overcoming transport's climate change impacts. This study argues that finding a technical solution for this problem is not possible. Instead, the world will have to move to an alternative surface transport system involving far lower levels of motorised travel.Keywords：Green mobility; Fuel efficiency; Alternative fuels; Global climate change; air pollution1. IntroductionProvision of environmentally sustainable (or green) private transport throughout the world faces two main challenges. The first is urban and even regional air pollution, particularly in the rapidly growing cities of the industrialising world. The second is global climate change, caused mainly by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These two barriers to green car mobility differ in several important ways. First, road traffic air pollution problems are more localised, because of the short atmospheric lifetimes of most vehicle pollutants and . Thus regional solutions are often not only possible, but also essential – Australian cities, for example, can (and must) solve their air pollution problems themselves. Matters are very different for global climate change. Except possibly for geo-engineering measures such as placinglarge quantities of sulphate aerosols in the lower stratosphere or erecting huge reflecting mirrors in space, one country cannot solve this problem alone. Climate change is a global problem. Nevertheless, it is possible for some countries to ‘freeload’ if the majority of nations that are important GHG emitter。

新能源汽车外文翻译文献

新能源汽车外文翻译文献Electric Cars: XXX?As the XXX crises。

wars。

and increasing oil n。

the need for alternative XXX not a renewable resource。

and we must find a replacement before XXX and social progress。

the n of electric cars XXX.Faced with high XXX costs。

growing XXX。

XXX and American automakers。

XXX Prius has e the world's best-selling hybrid car。

Tesla Motors。

a new American automaker。

has launched its first battery-powered car。

the Tesla Roadster。

As of the end of 2010.XXX hybrid car。

and XXX a similar plan is underway.Currently。

XXX vehicles。

XXX。

key components。

and system n。

They have established a research institute with "three verticals" of hybrid electric vehicles。

pure electric vehicles。

and fuel cell vehicles。

and "three horizontals" of vehicle controlsystems。

motor drive systems。

and power XXX industry。

电动汽车部分相关词汇(2009-09-08)

Electric Vehicle Terms电动汽车部分相关词汇tram有轨电车trolley无轨电车battery electric vehicle 纯动力电池车辆hybrid vehicle 混合动力电池车辆fuel cell vehicle 燃料电池车辆electric traction 电子牵引regenerative braking 再生制动Faraday shield 法拉第屏蔽electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射double-layer capacitor 双层蓄电池power batter 动力电池battery pack 电池组charging station 充换电站lead acid battery 铅酸电池nickel metal battery 镍氢电池zebra battery 钠-氯化镍电池lithium ion polymer battery (li-ion battery) 锂离子聚合物电池（锂离子电池）World Electric Vehicles Association 世界电动车协会World Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exposition (EVS) 世界电动车大会及展览会Some Background Info about Electric VehicleAn electric vehicle (EV), also referred to as an electric drive vehicle, is a vehicle which uses one or more electric motors for propulsion. Depending on the type of vehicle, motion may be provided by wheels or propellers driven by rotary motors, or in the case of tracked vehicles, by linear motors. Electric vehicles can include electric cars, electric trains, electric airplanes, electric boats, electric motorcycles and scooters, and electric spacecraft.Electric vehicles first came into existence in the mid-19th century, when electricity was among the preferred methods for automobile propulsion, providing a level of comfort and ease of operation that could not be achieved by the gasoline cars of the time. At one time the internal combustion engine (ICE) had completely replaced the electric drive as a propulsion method for automobiles, but electric power has remained commonplace in other vehicle types, such as trains and smaller vehicles of all types.Electric vehicles are distinct from fossil fuel-powered vehicles in that they can receive their power from a number of sources, including fossil fuels themselves, nuclear power, and renewable sources such as tidal power, solar power, and wind power. This energy is then transmitted to the vehicle through use of overhead lines, wireless energy transfer, or a direct connection through an electrical cable. The electricity may then be stored onboard the vehicle using a battery, flywheel 调速轮, supercapacitor 法拉电容, or fuel cell 燃料电池. Vehicles making use of engines working on the principle of combustion can usually only derive their energy from a single or a few sources, usually non-renewable fossil fuels. A key advantage of electric or hybrid electric vehicles is their ability to recover braking energy as electricity to be restored to the on-board battery or sent back to the grid. When fossil fuel vehicles brake, they simply dump the energy into the environment as waste heat. This gives electric vehicles a greater efficiency gain in city traffic.At the beginning of the 21st century, increased concern over the environmental impact of the petroleum-based transportation infrastructure, along with the spectre of peak oil, led to renewed interest in an electric transportation infrastructure. As such, vehicles which can potentially be powered by renewable energy sources, such as hybrid electric vehicles or pure electric vehicles, are becoming more popular.Nowadays, electric vehicles are hitting the mainstream.All major carmakers, such as Daimler AG, Toyota Motor Corp., General Motors Corp., Renault SA, Peugeot-Citroen, VW and Mitsubishi Corp., are developing new-generation electric vehicles.Electricity sourcesThere are many ways to generate electricity, some of them more ecological than others:on-board rechargeable electricity storage system (RESS), called Full Electric Vehicles (FEV). Power storage methods include:chemical energy stored on the vehicle in on-board batteries: Battery electric vehicle (BEV) static energystored on the vehicle in on-board electric double-layer capacitors纯动力电池kinetic energy storage 动能: flywheels 调速轮direct connection to generation plants as is common among electric trains, trolley buses, and trolley trucks 发电厂renewable sources such as solar power: solar vehicle 太阳能generated on-board using a diesel engine: diesel-electric locomotive 柴油电力generated on-board using a fuel cell: fuel cell vehicle 燃料电池generated on-board using nuclear energy: nuclear submarines and aircraft carriers 核动力It is also possible to have hybrid electric vehicles 混合动力电池车辆that derives electricity from multiple sources. Such as:on-board rechargeable electricity storage system (RESS) and a direct continuous connection to land-based generation plants for purposes of on-highway recharging with unrestricted highway range；充换电站on-board rechargeable electricity storage system and a fueled propulsion power source (internal combustion engine): plug-in hybrid 插电型油电混合Batteries, electric double-layer capacitors and flywheel energy storage are forms of rechargeable on-board electrical storage. By avoiding an intermediate mechanical step, the energy conversion efficiency can be improved over the hybrids already discussed, by avoiding unnecessary energy conversions. Furthermore, electro-chemical batteries conversions are easy to reverse, allowing electrical energy to be stored in chemical form.Another form of chemical to electrical conversion is fuel cells, projected for future use.For especially large electric vehicles, such as submarines, the chemical energy of the diesel-electric can be replaced by a nuclear reactor. The nuclear reactor usually provides heat, which drives a steam turbine, which drives a generator, which is then fed to the propulsion. See Nuclear PowerA few experimental vehicles, such as some cars and a handful of aircraft use solar panels for electricity. Vehicle typesIt is generally possible to equip any kind of vehicle with an electric powertrain.电力传动Hybrid electric vehicleA hybrid electric vehicle combines a conventional (usually fossil fuel-powered) power train with some form of electric propulsion. Common examples include hybrid electric cars such as the Toyota Prius. Lithium ionMost other EVs are utilizing new variations on lithium-ion chemistry that sacrifice energy density to provide extreme power density, fire resistance, environmental friendliness, very rapid charges (as low as a few minutes), and very long life-spans.Disadvantages of electric vehicles:Many electric designs have limited range, due to the low energy density of batteries compared to the fuel of internal combustion engined vehicles. Electric vehicles also often have long recharge times compared to the relatively fast process of refueling a tank. This is further complicated by the current scarcity of public charging stations.Advantages of electric vehicles：MechanicalElectric motors are mechanically very simple.Electric motors often achieve 90% energy conversion efficiency[29] over the full range of speeds and power output and can be precisely controlled. They can also be combined with regenerative braking systems that have the ability to convert movement energy back into stored electricity. This can be used to reduce the wear on brake systems (and consequent brake pad dust) and reduce the total energy requirement of a trip. Regenerative braking is especially effective for start-and-stop city use.They can be finely controlled and provide high torque from rest, unlike internal combustion engines, and do not need multiple gears to match power curves. This removes the need for gearboxes and torque converters.Electric vehicles have less vibration than internal combustion engines.EnvironmentalElectric vehicle release almost no air pollutants at the place where they are operated. In addition, it is generally easier to build pollution control systems into centralised power stations than retrofit enormous numbers of cars.Another advantage is that electric vehicles typically have less noise pollution than a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine, whether it is at rest or in motion.Energy resilienceElectricity is a form of energy that remains within the continent where it was produced and can be multi-sourced. As a result it gives the greatest degree of energy resilience.Cost of rechargeStabilisation of the gridThere is potential to allow battery powered electric vehicles to enhance electric grid response by feeding electricity into the grid during peak air conditioning times (mid-afternoon) while allowing sufficient charge for expected evening use as determined by the vehicle's predicted use profile.Furthermore, our current electricity infrastructure will most likely have to cope with increasing shares of variable-output power sources such as windmills and PV solar panels. This variability could to some extent be compensated for by, in real time, adjusting the speed at which EV batteries are charged, or possibly even discharged in the future.Savings of liquid fossil fuelChinaMany electric car companies are looking to China as the leader of future electric car implementation around the world. In April 2009, Chinese officials announced their plan to make China the world’s largestproducer of electric cars. The Renault-Nissan Alliance will work with China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MITI) to help set up battery recharging networks throughout the city of Wuhan, the pilot city in the country’s electrical vehicle pilot program. The corpo ration plans to have electric vehicles on the market by 2011. According to an April 10 2009 New York Times Article entitled “China Outlines Plans for Making Cars,” auto manufacturers will possess the opportunity to successfully market their cars to Chinese consumers due to the short and slow commutes that characterize Chinese transportation, and Chinese consumers generally diminished experience with high powered gasoline-powered cars, subsequently diminishing the hindering nature of lower powered electric vehicles. Furthermore, in an attempt to design a program with incentives for buyers, MITI intends to give large subsidies to buyers of electric cars; the country has 10 billion Yuan, almost 1.5 billion U.S. dollars, to boost the automotive industry’s effort s towards modernization.ProductionElectric vehicles are hitting the mainstream [4]. Automakers are going to showcase at the 2009 Washington Auto Show their commitment to quickly bringing electric hybrid and all-electric vehicles to market as early as 2010 [53].World production raceAll major carmakers, such as Daimler AG, Toyota Motor Corp., General Motors Corp., Renault SA, Peugeot-Citroen, VW and Mitsubishi Corp., are developing new-generation electric vehicles. Really, Automakers are in a new race to be the first to market with an all-electric car so they can claim the mantle as the world's greenest automaker [54].Improved long term energy storage and nano batteriesThere have been several developments which could bring electric vehicles outside their current fields of application, as scooters, golf cars, neighborhood vehicles, in industrial operational yards and indoor operation. First, advances in lithium-based battery technology, in large part driven by the consumer electronics industry, allow full-sized, highway-capable electric vehicles to be propelled as far on a single charge as conventional cars go on a single tank of gasoline. Lithium batteries have been made safe, can be recharged in minutes instead of hours, and now last longer than the typical vehicle. The production cost of these lighter, higher-capacity lithium batteries is gradually decreasing as the technology matures and production volumes increase.Introduction of battery management and intermediate storageAnother improvement is to decouple the electric motor from the battery through electronic control, employing ultra-capacitors to buffer large but short power demands and regenerative braking energy. The development of new cell types combined with intelligent cell management improved both weak points mentioned above. The cell management involves not only monitoring the health of the cells but also a redundant cell configuration (one more cell than needed). With sophisticated switched wiring it is possible to condition one cell while the rest are on duty.。

(完整版)新能源汽车英文资料翻译

New energy vehiclesNew energy vehicles is a new automotive product type, because the development time is not long, the technology is still not mature, so has not yet formed a widely accepted concept, but it certainly is new energy automobile is compared to the traditional fuel vehicles, the new energy vehicles, according to the definition of the scope of the concept size, there are two types of narrow and broad statement.Generalized: used in gasoline and diesel oil as power source of the car.Special: a non conventional vehicle fuel as the advanced technology of powercontrol and drive, the formation of technology has advanced principle, new technology, new structure of automobile.New energy vehicles, including fuel cell cars, hybrid cars, hydrogen powered cars and solar car etc..Hybrid electric vehicle is a vehicle equipped with more than two source:battery, fuel cell, solar cell,Turbine locomotive.The current hybrid vehicles generally refers to the diesel generator, plus battery cars.Advantages:Vehicle starting and stopping, driven only by the battery, do not reach a certain speed,The engine will not work, therefore, can make the engine has been maintained in the best condition, good dynamic performance, very low emissions, and the source and power are the engine, gas can only. Its principle is simply the motor and engine the reasonable arrangement of power output machine.Disadvantages:There are two sets of power,Management control system plus two sets of dynamic,Complex structure,Difficult,The price is high and long distance speed is not fuel-efficient.Pure electric vehicle is composed entirely of rechargeable battery (such as lead-acid batteries, nickel cadmium batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries or lithium ion batteries provide power source for car).Pure electric vehicle motor fuel to replace machine, low noise, no pollution,and by the use of electrical energy single, electric control system of hybrid electric vehicle is greatly simplified compared. Reduces the cost, the price also can compensate the battery. Pure electric vehicle is mainly used for the airport, community, courts and other places.Disadvantages: only in certain range, the market is smaller. The main reason is because of various categories, the prevailing prices high, life is short, the size and weight of the large, long charging time, serious shortcomings.Fuel cell vehicles refers to the hydrogen, methanol as the fuel, the current through the chemical reaction, depending on the electric motor driven vehicles. The battery power is through the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, rather than through the combustion, directly into electrical energy.The chemical reaction process of fuel cell does not produce harmful products,therefore the fuel cell vehicle is a car without pollution, energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell of high 2 ~ 3 times than the internal combustion engine, so the use of environmental protection and energy, fuel cell vehiclesand is an ideal vehicle.Household car is more and more, oil prices more and more expensive, every car company began to research and development of new energy vehicles.1.IntroductionChery since 2000 we have engaged in the research and development of the new energy vehicles, through more than ten years of independent innovation, the new energy vehicles business experienced three important stages of development; From 2001 to 2005, the company with the national 863 project for the carrier, joint top Chinese universities and research institutes, undertake and completed a number of national 863 electric vehicle research subject, the major projects in just3 years time, complete the ISG moderate hybrid and pure electric vehicles of the rational development model. From 2005 to 2008, approved by ministry of a "by national energy conservation and environmental protection automotive engineering technology research center", based on the basic completion of the new energy vehicles of the industrialization of the research and development, the establishment of a sound energy saving and new energy vehicle development system, the world first-class new energy test center, trial-produce center, in the electric car key components and core technology, the company has formed a set of key parts research, testing, application and industrialization of calibration ability, in the motor, motor drive system, DC/DC, advanced power battery, the battery management system, the vehicle controller, initially forming a batch production ability, have the new energy vehicles, the core technology of the calibration technology and experiment technology. New energy vehicles special vehicle accessories system, including: electric air conditioning, the electric steering (EPS), electric vacuum, electric heating, electronic brake system has been formed series products, with the bulk production ability. The first paragraph A5-BSG hybrid cars in 2008 listed in wuhu, batch, dalian city, as the taxi are greatly welcomed by customers, but also become henan, guangdong, xinjiang, shanxi, fujian, zhejiang and other private user's private cars. Moderate hybrid (ISG) car has entered the small batch production stage, which is DuoGe new energy vehicle demonstration pilot city, as the lease, the first choice of state-owned cars models. Miniature pureelectric vehicles and intermediate pure electric vehicles and miniature electric buses, pure electric taxies, pure electric bus industrialization development also has made a great progress. At the same time, we also pay more attention on high efficiency and energy saving the gasoline engine, the diesel engine technology, flexible fuel automobile technology, strong hybrid technology, fuel cell vehicle technology, comprehensive development, a number of technical are in the leading domestic level. Since 2009, the company launched a new comprehensive energy car large-scale industrialization and application, chery A5ISG, A5BSG, S11EV and S18EV has got a letter issued by the department work products in the country the announcement and saving energy and environmental protection products recommended directory; In January 2009, chery automobile company "energy conservation and environmental protection technology platform construction project" get "country" first prize progress prize in science and technology. In March 2010 the first batch of economical pure electric car delivery customers use and chery new energy vehicle technology Co., LTD. was set up, marked the new energy vehicle company opened a new chapter in the business2.Main discussion1. The advantages of new energy vehicles (strength) analysisThe state information center forecast, China's passenger car market growth situation will continue for at least a further 15 years, annual growth needs roughly equivalent to GDP growth in the 1.5 times or so. In 2009 a car into the family (middle-income families buy have ability). From the qualitative Angle, car market at least will also have 20 years of fast growth. If domestic GDP2020 years than in 2000, around 2020 words to quadruple our country will more than the United States, automobile demand will reach 20 million cars, as the world's largest car market.Since 1988, in fujian province, and become the largest of the special economic zone, the provincial capital of hainan province since the haikou city become haikou city won the top ten cities, and national environmental protection model city, national sanitary city, China excellent tourist city, national garden city, national historical and cultural city, a national civilization city advanced city, the work the comprehensive improvement of the urban environment, "China excellent city living environment prize" and so on the city reputation. Hainan consistent development of the island, environmental protection island is travel health island, new energy, cars are the city's another environmental and health. From the economic development prospects and haikou city car market development scale, in the city to see public transport, taxi, business, environmental sanitation and postal and other public service and other fields, new energy vehicles have a large market space.2.New energy vehicles disadvantages (weakness) analysis(1) the traffic congestion, chaos. Nearly five years motor vehicles and drivers haikou number to sustained growth, road traffic management brought unprecedented pressure. According to information, haikou city road 859 existing with a total length of 1797 km, motor vehicle ownership of 250000 vehicles per day, and are at a 200 rate, of which the amount of private cars is as high as 26%, to the current haikou is obviously can't meet the transportation network of motor vehicle driving demand. Second, the city center area road reconstruction speed slow, to the original road reconstruction is not form system engineering, special is ages ago, DuanTouLu neck road has not been effective reform. Constrain the other major trunk and disperse traffic volume ability. Again, there are pure state road traffic and the lagging problems, such as haikou existing parking lot for cannot accommodate next overmuch vehicles, lead to the driver in some sections on both sides of the parking. This makes originally not wide road become more narrow. There is traffic development, citizens behind haikou travel a single pattern, motorcycles, cars, etc, make travel has become the public preferred way material utilization rate reduced. If the road is sabafish intermediary haikou motorcycles and elegant demeanour car most serious place one of the flood. In the waiting by the shop, packed with motorcycles and elegant demeanour car. They ZhanDao rob guest, obstruct the other vehicles, normal traffic caused easily traffic jam. Haikou traffic police is insufficient, the control points, blind area, people's traffic, too weak, the bus lines concept overlap serious, site layout is not reasonable. Some sections of the serious traffic jam, especially holidays or rush, traffic is chaos.(2) for less than for parking. Data shows, at present, haikou has more than 160000vehicles auto possession, and with more than 20000 cars a year speed increases. The current haikou on an average day with more than 60 new car the road, in a day and added between so many parking obviously is not very practical. In the next few years, whether public or parking garage area will be more strained3.Wide range of reading up to dataHybrid cars advantage is: 1, the hybrid power may according to the average need after the power to determine the maximum power of internal combustion engine, right now in oil consumption is low, less pollution the optimal conditions work. Need high power internal combustion engine power shortage, the battery to supplement; Load for a little while and surplus power can power generation to recharge the battery, due to the internal combustion engine, the battery and sustainable work can constantly, so their trip and charging as ordinary cars. 2, for there is a battery, can be very convenient recycling braking, hill and idle when energy. 3, in the noisy city, can shut by internal combustion engines, battery, to achieve "drive alone zero discharge". 4, with internal combustion engines can be very convenient solve energy consumption of the air conditioning, heating, such as pure electric vehicle defrosting problems met. 5, can use the existing gas station come on, don't have to investment. 6, can let the battery to keep in good working condition, not happened, filling put, prolong the service life, and reduce the cost.Faults: long distance high-speed basic can't save fuel4.PresentationThe essay take about chery Hybird car in china.This kind of car is very useful for every family.because of Hybird car can save petrol .so it’s cheaper than other cars. Sometimes,this kind of cars can use electric it can protect environment also can control the climate change. This very accord with China's national conditions. In the future green cars are very popular to use in the world.翻译新能源汽车作为一种新的汽车产品类型，由于发展时间还不长，技术还不成熟，所以尚未形成一个被广泛认可的概念，但是肯定的是新能源汽车的提出是相对于传统燃料汽车而言的，目前关于新能源汽车的概念根据其定义范围的大小，有狭义和广义两种说法。

纯电动汽车bateryelectricvehicle

纯电动汽车batery electric vehicle由电动机驱动，且驱动电能来源于车载可充电蓄电池或其他能量储存装置的汽车。

[GB/T 19596—2004的3.1.1.1.1]1.1.1插电式混合动力汽车plug-in hybrid electric vehicle具有一定的纯电驱动行驶里程，且在正常使用情况下可从非车载装置中获取电能量的混合动力汽车。

1.1.2燃料电池汽车fuel cell electric vehicle以燃料电池作为动力电源的汽车。

[GB/T 19596—2004的3.1.1.1.3]1.1.3教练车driving school training vehicle专门从事驾驶技能培训的汽车。

1.1.4残疾人专用汽车vehicle for handicapped driving在采用自动变速器的乘用车上加装符合标准和规定的驾驶辅助装置，专门供特定类型的肢体残疾人驾驶的汽车。

1.2挂车trailer设计和制造上需由汽车或拖拉机牵引，才能在道路上正常使用的无动力道路车辆，包括牵引杆挂车、中置轴挂车和半挂车，用于：——载运货物；——专项作业。

1.2.1牵引杆挂车draw-bar-trailer全挂车draw-bar-trailer至少有两根轴的挂车，具有：——一轴可转向；——通过角向移动的牵引杆与牵引车联结；——牵引杆可垂直移动，联结到底盘上，因此不能承受任何垂直力。

1.2.2中置轴挂车centre axle trailer均匀受载时挂车质心紧靠车轴位置，牵引装置相对于挂车不能垂直移动、与牵引车连接时只有较小的垂直载荷作用于牵引车的挂车。

1.2.3半挂车semi-trailer均匀受载时挂车质心位于车轴前面，装有可将垂直力和/或水平力传递到牵引车的联结装置的挂车。

1.3汽车列车combination vehicles由汽车（低速汽车除外）牵引挂车组成的机动车，包括乘用车列车、货车列车和铰接列车。

电动汽车外文翻译

IV. PRESENT STATUSAfter many years of development, EV technologies are becoming mature. Many advanced technologies are em-ployed to extend the driving range and reduce the cost. For example, the use of advanced IM drives and PM brushless motor drives to improve the electric propulsion system,the employment of advanced valve-regulated lead-acid(VRLA) battery, Ni-MH battery, Li-Ion battery, FCs, and ultracapacitors to improve the EV energy source, application of light body technology with light, but rigid material,low-drag coefficient body to reduce the aerodynamic resis-tance and low rolling resistance tires to reducing running resistance at low and medium driving speed, as well as the adoption of advanced charging, power steering, or variable temperature seats to enhance the EV auxiliaries. In the following paragraphs, some of the recently developed EV,HEV, and FCEV are illustrated with the intention to show the achievable technology, despite particular vehicle model.For example, EV1 has been discontinued and some models are for demonstration purpose only, i.e., NECAR5 and Ford P2000. These typical vehicles have been carefully chosen to represent the state of the art. GM EV1 and Nissan Altra EV represent advanced BEV using different types of motor and battery. Ford 2000P and NECAR5 represent the development stage of FCEV, Toyota Prius and Honda Insight represent the commercialization of HEV, Luciole and HKU 200 represent showcase BEV, and Reva represents commercially produced low-cost BEV. Showcasing the most advanced propulsion system,the 1997 two-seater GM EV1 is shown in Fig. 4. It had a front-wheel drive that adopted a 102-kW three-phase IM and a single-speed transaxle with dual-reduction of 10.946:1. It contained 26-module 312-V VRLA batteries that were inductively charged by a 6.6-kW offboard charger or a 1.2-kW onboard charger. This EV1 could offer an axle torque of 1640 Nm from zero to 7000 rpm and a propulsion power of 102 kW from 7000 to 14 000 rpm, leading to achieve a top speed of 128 km/h (electronically limited) and an acceleration from zero to 96 km/h in less than 9 s. For city driving, it could provide a range of 112 km per charge, whereas on highway operation, it offered 144 km per charge.In 1999, the EV1 adopted nickel-metal hybrid batteries as an optional equipment, hence, reaching 220 km per charge.Fig. 5 shows the 1997 four-seater Altra EV, which was the flagship of Nissan. It used a 62-kW PM brushless motor,which weighed only 39 kg, the highest power-to-weight ratio (1.6 kW/kg) for any EV motor available. Making use of max-imum efficiency control, the total efficiency of the propulsion system was more than 89%. Power came from the cobalt-based Li-Ion batteries, which had a specific energy of 90 Wh/kg, a specific power of 300 W/kg, and a long cycle life of about 1200 recharges. This battery pack could be charged up by an onboard inductive charging system within five hours.It could achieve a top speed of 120 km/h and a range of 192 km for city driving. In 1999, the Altra adopted the man-ganese-based Li-Ion batteries to further increase both spe-cific energy and specific power to 91 Wh/kg and 350 W/kg,respectively.The Ford P2000 symbolized the dedication of Ford in thedevelopment of FCEVs. Fig. 6 shows this four-door sedan,Fig. 4. GM EV1 (photo courtesy of General Motors).Fig. 5. Nissan Altra EV (photo courtesy of Nissan).Fig. 6. Ford P2000 (photo courtesy of Ford Motor Company).which was launched in the year 2000. It was powered bythe Ford’s Th!nk FC system, namely, the proton exchan gemembrane (PEM) FCs, which was fuelled by compressed hy-drogen gas (CHG) stored at 25 MPa and oxygen gas simply from the air. It adopted a three-phase IM,offering a peak power of 67 kW, a peak torque of 190 Nm, and a peak ef-ficiency of 91%. With the curb weight of 1514 kg, the P2000 could achieve a top speed of 128 km/h and a driving range of 160 km per charge.Daimler-Benz, now DaimlerChrysler, presented its first methanol-fuelled FCEV in 1997—the NECAR 3. It used PEM FCs to generate a power of 50 kW for propulsion.The hydrogen fuel was directly extracted from methanol via a mini reformer, thus bypassing the problem of having compressed gas canisters onboard the vehicle. The FCs were stored beneath the floor, while the reformer, methanol tank,and control systems were located in the boot. Based on this first generation methanol-fuelled FC propulsion system,Fig. 7. DaimlerChrysler NECAR 5 (photo courtesy of DaimlerChrysler).Fig. 8. Toyota Prius (photo courtesy of Toyota).the NECAR 3 could travel over 400 km on 38 L of liquid methanol. As shown in Fig. 7, the NECAR 5 launched in 2000 was the technological successor of the NECAR 3,while reducing the size of the drive system by half and the weight of the vehicle by 300 kg. It also boosted up the power to 75 kW to reach speeds over 150 km/h.The world’s first mass-production HEV was the Toyota Prius, as shown in Fig. 8. Its motive power was sourced from both a four-cylinder ICE (52 kW at 4500 rpm) and a PM brushless motor (33 kW at 1040–5600 rpm). Since it was an ICE-heavy HEV, a power split device, namely, the plane-tary gear, sent part of the ICE power to the wheels and part to a generator. The generated electrical energy could supply the electric motor to increase the motive power or could be stored in the 38-module nickel-metal hybrid batteries. The Prius could offer a top speed of 160 km/h, an acceleration from zero to 96 km/h in 12.7 s, and a fuel economy of 20 km/l for combined city and highway operation. Both of its fuel economy and exhaust emissions were much better than that of any conventional ICEVs. The Honda Insight, shown in Fig. 9, went on sale in December 2000. It employed an ICE-heavy hybrid system,combining a three-cylinder ICE (50 kW at 5700 rpm) and a PM synchronous motor (10 kW at 3000 rpm). The electric motor was powered by a 144-V Ni-MH battery pack,which was recharged by regenerative braking during normal cruising and downhill driving. The Insight was claimed to be the most fuel-efficient HEV with the fuel economy of 26–30km/l. Also, it satisfied the stringent ultra low-emission ehicle (ULEV) standard in California.To simultaneously address the problems of air pollution,wasteful energy consumption, and traffic safety, the Na tional Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) in Japan presented a high-performance lightweight EV,Fig. 9. Honda Insight (photo courtesy of Honda).Fig. 10. NIES Luciole (photo courtesy of NIES, Japan).namely, the Luciole (formerly called Eco-Vehicle) in 1996 for conve-nient city commuting. As shown in Fig. 10, it adopted a tandem two-seater layout so that the seats could be kept comfortable and the safety in side crushes could be im-proved by thickening the doors. It was rear-wheel drive,which was powered by two inwheel PM brushless motors with the total output of 72 kW and 154 Nm. The battery pack contained 224-V VRLA batteries, mounted inside the square holes of the purpose-built chassis. The battery pack could be charged up by normal charging within five hours,by fast charging within fifteen minutes or even partially charged by solar charging. The Luciole could achieve a top speed of 130 km/h, a range on the Japan 10.15 Mode driving cycle of 130 km, and an acceleration from zero to 40 km/h in 3.9 s.Fig. 11 shows an EV, the U2001, which was developed by the University of Hong Kong (HKU) in 1993. It was a four-seater EV, which adopted a 45-kW PM hybrid motor and a 264-V nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery pack. This specially designed EV motor could offer high efficiencies over a wide operating range. It also incorporated a number of advanced EV technologies, such as the adoption of thermoelectric variable temperature seats to minimize the energy used for air-conditioning, the use of an audio nav-igation system to facilitate safe and user-friendly driving,and the use of an intelligent energy management system (EMS) to optimize the energy flow within the vehicle. The U2001 could offer a top speed of 110 km/h, an acceleration from zero to 48 km/h in 6.3 s, and a range of 176 km at 88-km/h operation.Apart from the USA, Europe, and Japan, India also plays an active role to commercialize EVs. Fig. 12 shows a two-door hatchback EV,Fig. 11. HKU U2001.Fig. 12. Reva EV (photo courtesy of Reva Electric Car Company).the Reva EV, which was launched in the year 2001 an d would be India’s first mass-produced EV. It adopted a separately excited DC motor (70 Nm, 13 kW peak) and a 48-V tubular LA battery pack. Its onboard charger (220 V, 2.2 kW) could provide 80% charge within 3h and 100% within 6 h. With the curb weight of 650 kg, the Reva EV could achieve a top speed of 65 km/h and a range of 80 km per charge. The most attractive feature was its incredibly low initial and running costs—the exfactory cost is about 5000 U.S. dollars and the running cost is less than one U.S.cent per kilometer. The major means of reducing the cost of this EV includes the system optimization and integration, low-cost local components, low-cost tooling,and simple automation. It can be seen from Table 2 that the sale and lease of Evs in USA from 1996 to 2000 were not successful; the major reason was that their cost was too expensive and their driving range did not fully satisf y the users’ need (Table 3).Table 2EVs Sold/Leased in the USA 1996–2000Table 3Key Data of Modern EVs。

(完整版)附录：电动汽车术语和缩略语

附录电动汽车的术语和英文缩写一、电动汽车术语1．电动汽车 electric vehicle=EV2．纯电动汽车battery electric vehicle=BEV由电动机驱动的汽车。

电动机的驱动电能来源于车载可充电蓄电池或其他能量储存装置。

3．混合动力电动）汽车hybrid electric vehicle=HEV够至少从可消耗的燃料或可再充电能（能量储存装置）下述两类车载储存的能量中获得动力的汽车4．串联式混合动力（电动）汽车series hybrid electric vehicle=SHEV车辆的驱。

动力只来源于电动机的混合动力（电动）汽车。

5．并联式混合动力（电动）汽车parallel hybrid electric vehicle=PHEV车辆的驱动力由电动机及发动机同时或单独供给的混合动力（电动）汽车。

6．混联式合动力（电动）汽车combined hybrid electric vehicle同时具有串联式、并联式驱动方式的混合动力（电动）汽车。

7．燃料电池电动汽车fuel cell electric vehicle=FCEV以燃料电池作为动力电源的汽车。

8．辅助系统 auxiliary system驱动系统以外的其它用电或采用电能操纵的车载系统。

例如灯具、风窗玻璃刮水电机、音响等。

9.车载能源 on-board energy soure变换器和储能装置的组合。

10.驱动系统 propulsion system车载能源和动力系的组合。

11.动力系 powertrain动力单元与传动系的组合。

12.前后方向控制器drive direction control通过驾驶员操作，用来选择汽车行驶方向（前进或后退）的专用装置。

例如操纵杆或按钮开关。

13.电池承载装置 battery carrier为承放动力蓄电池而设置的装置。

有移动式和固定式之分。

14．电平台 electrical chassis一组电气相联的可导电部分，其电位作为基准电位。

电动汽车常用英文缩写

电动汽车常用英文缩写
VCU（Vehicle Control Unit）：整车控制器
MCU（Motor Control Unit）：电机控制器
PDU/HVDU（Power Distribution Unit/ High V oltage Distribution Unit）：高压配电盒
HPC(High Power Charging):超级快充
SOC（state of charge）：剩余电量
DOD(depth of discharge),电池放电量与电池额定容量的百分比SOH（State Of Health）：蓄电池容量、健康度、性能状态
BMS（Battery Management System）：电池管理系统
BEV/EV（Battery Electric Vehicle/ Electric Vehicle）：纯电动汽车HEV（Hybrid Electric Vehicle）：混合动力汽车
FCEV（Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle）：燃料电池电动汽车
MSD（Manual Service Disconnect）：手动维修开关
EPS（Electric Power Steering）：电子助力转向
EHPS（electronic hydrostatic power steering）：电动液压助力转向AMT（Automatic Manual Transmission）：机械式自动变速器
ESP（Electronic Stability Program）：车身电子稳定系统
ATS（——）：散热系统
BCM（Body Control Module）：车身控制模块
T-BOX（Telematics BOX）：车载终端。

电动汽车外文资料翻译

Abstract:This paper describes the development of electric car environmental protection and low pollution, safety, economic development prospects and countermeasures.Key words:electric vehicle technology; energy crisis; Intelligent electronic technology；Development prospectAs the world energy crisis, and the war and the energy consumption of oil -- and are full of energy, in one day, someday it will disappear without a trace. Oil is not in resources. So in oil consumption must be clean before finding a replacement. With the development of science and technology the progress of the society, people invented the electric car. Electric cars will become the most ideal of transportation.First, the chapter of electric vehicle development1, development of electronic control technologyIn the development of world each aspect is fruitful, especially with the automobile electronic technology and computer and rapid development of the information age. The electronic control technology in the car on a wide range of applications, the application of the electronic device, cars, and electronic technology not only to improve and enhance the quality and the traditional automobile electrical performance, but also improve the automobile fuel economy, performance, reliability and emissions purification. Widely used in automobile electronic products not only reduces the cost and reduce the complexity of the maintenance. From the fuel injection engine ignition devices, air control and emission control and fault diagnosis to the body auxiliary devices are generally used in electronic control technology, auto development mainly electromechanical integration. Widely used in automotive electronic control ignition system mainly electronic control fuel injection system, electronic control ignition system, electronic control automatic transmission, electronic control (ABS/ASR) control system, electronic control suspension system, electronic control power steering system, vehicle dynamic control system, the airbag systems, active belt system, electronic control system and the automatic air-conditioning and GPS navigation system etc. With the system response, the usefunction of quick car, high reliability, guarantees of engine power and reduce fuel consumption and emission regulations meet standards.2, The modern development of automobileThe car is essential to modern traffic tools. And electric cars bring us infinite joy will give us the physical and mental relaxation. Take for example, automatic transmission in road, can not on the clutch, can achieve automatic shift and engine flameout, not so effective improve the driving convenience lighten the fatigue strength. Automatic transmission consists mainly of hydraulic torque converter, gear transmission, pump, hydraulic control system, electronic control system and oil cooling system, etc. The electronic control of suspension is mainly used to cushion the impact of the body and the road to reduce vibration that car getting smooth-going and stability. When the vehicle in the car when the road uneven road can according to automatically adjust the height. When the car ratio of height, low set to gas or oil cylinder filling or oil. If is opposite, gas or diarrhea. To ensure and improve the level of driving cars driving stability. Variable force power steering system can significantly change the driver for the work efficiency and the state, so widely used in electric cars. VDC to vehicle performance has important function it can according to the need of active braking to change the wheels of the car, car motions of state and optimum control performance, and increased automobile adhesion, controlling and stability. Besides these, appear beyond 4WS 4WD electric cars can greatly improve the performance of the value and ascending simultaneously. ABS braking distance is reduced and can keep turning skills effectively improve the stability of the directions simultaneously reduce tyre wear. The airbag appear in large programs protected the driver and passenger's safety, and greatly reduce automobile in collision of drivers and passengers in the buffer, to protect the safety of life.The second chapter electric cars on the environment influence and electronic technology:1, reduce pollution: of course battery electric vehicle is the key, the electric car battery mainly has: the use of lead-acid batteries, nickel cadmium battery, the battery, sodium sulfide sodium sulfide lithium battery, the battery, the battery, the flywheelzinc - air fuel cell and solar battery, the battery. In many kind of cells, the fuel cell is by far the most want to solve the problem of energy shortage car. Fuel cells have high pollution characteristics, different from other battery, the battery, need not only external constantly supply of fuel and electricity can continuously steadily. Fuel cell vehicles (FCEV) can be matched with the car engine performance and fuel economy and emission in the aspects of superior internal-combustion vehicles.2, Intelligent electronic technology functionsIntelligent electronic technology in the bus to promote safe driving and that the other functions. The realization of automatic driving through various sensors. Except some smart cars equipped with multiple outside sensors can fully perception of information and traffic facilities and to judge whether the vehicles and drivers in danger, has the independent pathfinding, navigation, avoid bump, no parking fees etc. Function. Effectively improve the safe transport of manipulation, reduce the pilot fatigue, improve passenger comfort.Third, Electric vehicle development prospectElectric vehicles have a development prospect:Along with the computer and electronic product constantly upgrading electric car, open class in mature technology and perfected, that drive more safe, convenient and flexible, comfortable. Now, the electric car from ordinary consumers distance is still very far away, only a few people in bandwagon. Electric cars with traditional to compete in the market, the carWill was electric cars and intelligent car replaced. This is the question that day after timing will come. ABS, GPS, and various new 4WD 4WS, electronic products and the modern era, excellent performance auto tacit understanding is tie-in, bring us unparalleled precision driving comfort and safety of driving.China the development of electric vehicles has a unique advantage. Among them, is a very important factor in the market. China has a large population, has the world's largest passenger transport market, it also has the world's largest electric sightseeing cars, electric cars for the Chinese market, the electric vehicle technology development to create a special market advantage.As a result of the industry, the industry link to follow, as many enterprises have sprung up, plastic factory, carriage factory, battery factory, electric factory, electronics factory, paint factory, tire factory and so on supporting industries such as bamboo shoots after a spring rain like appearance, industry staffing needs a lot of labor intensive talent, such as the industrial workers ( production line ), R & D department, supporting the Department, purchasing department, marketing department, administration department and other departments to emerge as the times require to bring a lot of staff shortage, personnel quality is not high, be badly in need of high-quality, highly educated professionals infuse, need to bring new ideas, the enterprise inside the industry innumerable, needs a lot of talent, so the electric vehicle industry employment prospects are very optimistic.Electric car industry required：But at the same time, due to the lack of industry standards and industryself-discipline, electric vehicle industry is in a state of blind development. Hand out thousands of manufacturers, but the lack of a strong brand and technology innovation; on the other hand free to increase body weight and speed, electric vehicle traffic accidents lead to substantially increase, triggering multiple city have imposed a ban on electric car start off policy restrictions. Therefore, it is the electric vehicle industry development of a bottleneck stage. A prediction that market will eventually keep about twenty or so of the brand, and was forced to the overseas industry transfer. How to deal with future trends, there are now many people put forward a variety of plan. But most important, I think that depends on three factors. Respectively: environmental protection, safety and needs to.译文摘要:本文阐述了发展电动汽车的环保低污染性、安全性、经济性的发展前景及对策。

Electric vehicles(电动汽车)

Shanghai electric bus new energy technology limited company.
• the pioneer of battery quick change, • Electric vehicle separation,Quick change,
The battery replacement workshop in 2008 Olympic Games
3、Quick change mode.
• Replace the vehicle battery directly. • Change electric time and fuel automobile refueling time are similar, need about 5 ~ 10 min. • Special battery replacement station.
Hang zhou chelizi Intelligent technology limited company
• Time-sharing self-service rental(分时自助租赁)
• Through the APP or micro letter can achieve the function of
An ideal vehicle
• The energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell is 2~3 times higher
than the internal combustion engine. • approximate zero emissions. • reduce greenhouse gas emissions. • Improve fuel economy.

纯电动汽车术语解释

纯电动汽车术语解释纯电动汽车（Blade Electric Vehicles，简称BEV）是指仅依靠电力驱动的汽车。

这种汽车的主要特点是不排放尾气，不产生噪音，相比传统燃油车具有更高的能效和更低的维护成本。

以下是对纯电动汽车相关术语的详细解释：1、电池系统：纯电动汽车的核心部分，负责储存和提供电能。

电池系统的性能直接决定了车辆的续航里程、充电时间和电池寿命。

2、续航里程：指纯电动汽车在单次充电后所能行驶的最大距离。

这是评价电动汽车性能的重要指标，也是消费者选择购买的重要参考因素。

3、充电时间：指纯电动汽车电池从完全放电到充满电所需的时间。

快充和慢充是两种主要的充电方式。

快充通常可以在几十分钟内充满80%的电量，而慢充则需要数小时甚至更长时间。

4、驱动系统：指纯电动汽车的电动机及其控制系统。

电动机将电能转化为机械能，驱动车辆前进。

电动机的功率和扭矩决定了车辆的动力性能。

5、能量回收系统：在车辆制动或滑行时，能量回收系统能够将原本会损失的能量转化为电能并储存回电池中，从而提高能源利用效率。

6、车身结构：纯电动汽车的车身结构和传统燃油车有所不同，以适应电池布局和新的驱动方式。

例如，有些纯电动汽车采用了承载式车身和非承载式车身结构。

7、智能化：纯电动汽车作为新一代汽车，与智能化技术紧密结合。

智能化的纯电动汽车配备了各种传感器和高级算法，可以实现自动驾驶、智能导航、车联网等功能。

8、政策支持：许多国家和地区对纯电动汽车给予政策上的支持，如减免购置税、免费充电等，以鼓励消费者购买和使用纯电动汽车。

9、基础设施建设：为了支持纯电动汽车的普及，需要建设相应的充电设施，包括家庭充电桩、公共充电站等。

充电设施的覆盖范围和便利程度对纯电动汽车的发展至关重要。

10、环保性：相比传统燃油车，纯电动汽车几乎不产生尾气和噪音污染，对环境更加友好。

同时，纯电动汽车的使用可以减少对化石燃料的依赖，有助于减缓全球气候变化。

总体来说，纯电动汽车代表了未来交通出行的发展方向，具有广阔的市场前景。

(完整版)新能源汽车英文资料翻译

电动汽车英文缩写汇总

电动汽车英文缩写汇总A Comprehensive List of Electric Vehicle Abbreviations.The rise of electric vehicles (EVs) has led to a proliferation of abbreviations and acronyms related to this emerging technology. As the industry continues to evolve,it's important to stay up-to-date with these terms to facilitate communication and understanding. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive list of electric vehicle abbreviations to help you navigate the EV landscape.1. EV (Electric Vehicle): This is the umbrella term for any vehicle that is primarily powered by electricity,rather than fossil fuels. EVs include pure electricvehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), extended-range electric vehicles (EREVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs).2. BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle): A vehicle that is powered solely by electricity stored in batteries. Thesevehicles have no internal combustion engine and rely entirely on batteries for propulsion.3. PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle): A vehicle that combines a traditional internal combustion engine with an electric motor and battery pack. PHEVs can be charged from an external power source and have the ability to operate in both electric and hybrid modes.4. EREV (Extended-Range Electric Vehicle): A type of EV that uses a small battery pack for daily driving and a larger, secondary battery pack or generator to extend the range when needed. This allows for longer driving distances without the need for frequent charging.5. FCV (Fuel Cell Vehicle): A vehicle that uses a fuel cell to convert hydrogen into electricity, which powers the electric motor. FCVs produce only water as a byproduct of the reaction, making them emission-free.6. VCU (Vehicle Control Unit): The brain of the EV, responsible for managing and controlling various vehiclefunctions such as acceleration, braking, and steering. The VCU receives input from various sensors and actuators and makes decisions based on this information.7. MCU (Motor Control Unit): This unit controls the electric motor, managing its speed, torque, and direction. The MCU receives signals from the VCU and adjusts themotor's performance accordingly.8. PDU/HVDU (Power Distribution Unit/High Voltage Distribution Unit): These units distribute power from the battery to various components of the vehicle, such as the motor, charging port, and auxiliary systems. The HVDU specifically handles the higher voltages required by EV components.9. HPC (High Power Charging): A type of charging system that allows for faster charging rates than traditional charging methods. HPC systems are typically used for public charging stations and can charge a vehicle in minutes rather than hours.10. SOC (State of Charge): A measure of the amount of charge remaining in a battery, expressed as a percentage. For example, a battery with a SOC of 80% has 80% of its capacity remaining.11. DOD (Depth of Discharge): A measure of how much a battery has been discharged since its last full charge. It is expressed as a percentage and represents the amount of battery capacity that has been used.12. SOH (State of Health): A measure of a battery's overall condition and performance. SOH takes into account factors such as battery capacity, health, and performance degradation over time.13. BMS (Battery Management System): A system that monitors and manages the battery pack, ensuring optimal performance and safety. The BMS monitors various parameters such as voltage, temperature, and current flow to prevent overcharging, overdischarging, and other potential safety issues.As the EV industry continues to grow and evolve, it's likely that we will encounter even more abbreviations and acronyms. Staying up-to-date with these terms is crucial for understanding and participating in the conversation about electric vehicles.。

Lesson 16 Electric cars 电动汽车

Battery motor and turn the wheels. When depleted, the batteries are 6___re_c_h_a_r_g_e_d____
electric cars either from a wall 7___s_o_c_k_e_t___ or a dedicated 8__c_h_a_r_g_in_g____ unit. Battery electric cars are also called 9___a_l_l-_e_le_c_t_ri_c___ cars, for they are powered entirely by electricity.
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2.电池电动汽车电池电动汽车使用储存在电池组中的电力来驱动电动机和转动
车轮。当电池耗尽时，可以从墙上的插座或专用的充电装置充电。由于它们不使用汽油，而是完全由电力驱动，电池电动汽车被认为是纯电动汽车。
当驾驶时，电池电动汽车不会产生尾气污染——它们甚至没有排气管。然而，他们使用的电力可能会产生吸热气体和其他污染。产生的污染量取决于发电的方式。由风能或太阳能等可再生能源驱动的电池电动汽车几乎没有排放。
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dedicated tailpipe heat-trapping renewable cutting-edge segment hydrogen byproduct driving range

新能源汽车EV、BEV、HEV、PHEV、REEV、FCEV、MHEV是什么意思

新能源汽车EV、BEV、HEV、PHEV、REEV、FCEV、MHEV是什么意思随着国家对新能源汽车的重视及各大厂商在新能源汽车的投入，我们在新闻里经常看到多种新能源汽车的报道，有时候媒体会使用统一的英文简称来表示。

今天我们对这些新能源汽车的简称，做一个梳理，希望能给各位读者一个完整的解释。

现在我们常见的各种新能源汽车的英文简称有EV、BEV、HEV、PHEV、REEV、FCEV、MHEV等。

1、EV 即Electric Vehicle，意思为电动汽车，使用电能驱动，具有电动机；2、BEV 即Battery Electric Vehicle，意思为电池电动汽车，同样使用电能驱动，具有电动机；BEV 使用蓄电池存储动力，那么根据电池的不同，蓄电池种类有：锂电池、磷酸铁锂、三元锂等，电池的性质在：体积、比重、比功率、比能量、循环寿命上各有差异。

3、HEV 即Hybrid Electric Vehicle，意思为混合动力汽车，使用电能、汽油转化等动能驱动，具有电动机与发动机。

HEV 根据其电池的充电方式的不同，分为可插电和不可插电。

插电混合动力即为PHEV。

4、 PHEV 即Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle，意思为插电式混合动力汽车，使用电能、汽油转化等动能驱动，具有电动机与发动机。

其最大的特点是可以进行外接电源进行充电。

在电池电量耗尽后，可以使用汽油转化的动能继续驱动汽车。

注：HEV 与PHEV 具有能量回收的设置，但是发动机的动能不会直接转化成电能，从而驱动电动机或对电池进行充电。

使用发动机发电，对电动机供电的汽车，即为REEV。

5、REEV 即Range Extend Electric Vehicle，意思为增程式电动汽车，使用电能驱动，具有电动机与发电机：增程器，增程器的作用为使用汽油进行转化，输出电能到电动机，从而实现在电量较低或车辆高速行驶时驱动车辆。

增程器不直接驱动车辆，也不会使用汽油转化给电池充电。