Enrvuhk新东方考研英语翻译强化班加冲刺班笔记
新东方FLASH完型填空强化班加冲刺班笔记《二》
完型题最常用的问题结构：总分结构。 总述句常常是判断句，informative sentence。
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１１６页４５题， enhance v.提高，只有抽象概念，宾语只能是抽象性的东西。
（３）看动词的极物性和不及物性。
（４）根据动词后所跟的介词来判断。
当动词后面有to的时候，要判断是不定式的to ,还是介词的to. 例：１１７页４５
（５）考虑句子中其他的对动词构成限制性修饰的成分，例如副词、形容词等。 例：１１６页４４ old
做完型题的流程：
１、通过阅读，读出信息，要求有三个读的能力；
（１）文章整体的把握； （２）上下句之间的逻辑关系； （３）句子内部结构。
２、在读出信息的基础上开始作题，根据已知的信息猜出未知的信息。找出跟题目相关联的信息点。
（１）整体的信息，包含文章的focus，包含文章的整个导向和作者的态度；对每一道题都是有关联的。
看这个动词是抽象意义还是物理意义，名词是抽象概念还是物理概念。
（３）名词前后出现介词的时候，可能通过介词来判断。 例：in terms of 根据，按照 by means of 依靠 explanation for
（４）褒贬意义的一致性，正式语体的一致性。
例：１１７页３９ exposure n.暴露、揭露、曝光 exposure scandal release 过于正式，后面加的名词也应该是很正式的语体。
文章读不懂不是因为时间的问题，而是因为英语基础和读复杂句的能力。
１２、完型填空总结：
一、按照词性不同，总结每种词做题的切入点。
１、动词的切入点：
切入点：找到相关的信息点，通过分析这些已知信息点，猜出未知的信息点，如何找到相关的信息点即为切入点。
考研英语新东方强化班课程翻译笔记
考研英语新东方强化班课程翻译笔记考研翻译的题型、命题原则、评分标准1、题型?大：主观题?1）写汉字?2）书写工整?小：阅读题? 1）阅读理解的C部分？2）五个长而难的句子?3)分值：满分10，每句2分? 第二个英文翻译是15分，难度很高，超过8分的目标需要12分?4）文章一般不用通读，但是划线句上下文需要看。
（句中某一个单词的理解、代词指代）? 5）考试时间控制小作文大作文50分钟，阅读70分钟？80分钟，20分钟？25.新的问题类型，格式塔？2.命题原则?1）体裁：专业领域的学术文?2）话题：文科或社会科学? 3）划线句子长度：每个句子约30个单词，总长度为150个单词。
?3评分标准a重要性?=翻译标准?= 检查翻译标准（多读中文）B是否准确、流畅、完整？同样的效果?通顺：说人话? 1.看主谓宾核心词是否匹配？2.动宾与偏正的修饰关系是否合理？造句翻译，你做过了吗？翻译的最佳方法做翻译，而不是“看”翻译做翻译翻译需要笔迹。
例如，当从英语翻译成汉语时，我们真的需要在不查字典和答案的情况下书写汉字。
解题步骤1、对着英语写汉字，把认识的单词尽可能写下来2.当大约有三个中文单词时，试着造句。
3.将每两个小句子连接成一个流畅的大句子阅读真题，翻译突破1、18分钟――模拟考试2、4个小时以上――逐句翻译3、15分钟――重做选项4、15分钟――分析错误5、30分钟――巩固成果翻译要点请注意并记住2。
答复翻译复习捷径掌握每个句子，找出每个单词。
这是重复的！课堂说明2、答案看英语说汉语——翻译中的思维方式1、单词原意是什么？这个句子怎么翻译？为什么要这样翻译？2、英语句子结构这句话的主旨是什么？更具体地说，一个词的词性是什么？它的作用是什么？谁主句在哪里？条款在哪里？什么条款？这个句子有语法点结构吗？3、翻译中汉语的顺序：汉语句子的顺序和英语一致吗？如何调整平滑度？考研翻译考试要点1.调查学生对单词的理解和翻译，包括专有名词、短语和多义词的翻译。
兄弟我整理的合肥新东方杨进老师考研英语英翻汉笔记(
有的单词或者词组虽然有很多层含义，但是在考研中固定的就考几个意思，其译法也是机械和“八股”的：1.establishment主要考的意思是“机构”n.，其次考的意思是“建立”n..（实例见96年72题）2.subject主要考的意思是“目标”n.，其次才是“主语”n.. （实例见96年75题）3.specific一般译为“特定的”adj.最好不要译为“特别的”（实例见96年72题）4.there be固定有两种译法，一是“届时将有…”，二是“有…的存在”（实例见97年71题）5.argue,believe,convince很多情况下必须译为“认为”v.，不要译为“争论”“相信”之类的意思（实例97年72题Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contaract,as part of an exchange of duties and entitlement.一些哲学家认为权利仅仅存在于社会契约之中，作为义务和权力交换的一部分）6.consideration通常固定译为“关怀，关爱”n. （实例见97年73题）7.bear有三种译法，分别是“忍受”“承担”和“运载”（实例见98年73题中的balloon-borne）8.discipline译为“纪律”或“学科”n.（实例见99年72题）9. either…or…译为“要么…要么…”而且通常是做题的时候一看到“either”就要找“or”（实例见97年73题）10.whether…or…译为“要么…要么…”而且通常是做题的时候一看到“whether”就要找“or”（实例见99年74题）11.as译为“作为…”或者“和…一样”（实例见99年真题）12.additional固定译为“新的”adj. 不要翻译成“另外的”“附加的”（实例见00年75题）13.while只有四种情况，一是“在…的时候”，引导时间状语从句，可以为“于此同时”；二是“只要”，引导条件状语从句While there is life,there is hope.只要生命存在，希望就存在；三是“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，While respected,he is not liked.尽管他很受尊敬，但不被别人喜欢；四是“然而”Jane is dressed in brown while Mary is in blue.14.further在修饰n.时表示“更多的”或者是数量的增加。
新东方GRE强化班笔记整理
新东方GRE强化班第一讲笔记整理主要内容：GRE写作基本情况介绍和英文写作基础，以及对Academic Writing的简要介绍。
主要强调GRE作文的特点：GRE作文不是考英语水平的，而是考察逻辑思维、分析问题的能力，考察思维深度，因而应走出大量背诵范文或者记忆网上的范文提纲的误区，注意按照GRE作文的考查重点进行有针对性的准备。
第一部分，Introduction to Analytical Writing1.Analytical Writing。
从字面上理解，Analytical Writing译为“分析性写作”。
所谓“分析”，即切分和解析。
将一个复杂对象切分成不同的方面或者部分，再分别加以分析。
GRE 作文考试既不是考语言，也不是考察回答问题的能力，而是分析问题的能力，逻辑思维的能力。
要注意意识到问题的复杂性（一般中国考生习惯将问题尽量简化，这几乎成为一种思维定势，要注意克服）。
考试分为Analyze an Issue task和Analyze an argument task。
所有题目都从question pool 中选出，且一般各大网站总结的高频题都会出现。
2.Scoring。
由两个阅卷老师阅卷。
不使用e-rator，但会使用similarity detection software。
3.analytical，logical and critical writing vs. language skills。
前者是根本。
4.split-test。
注意锻炼一下打字速度。
可从网上下载GRE作文模考软件推荐范文书籍：《北美GRE范文》。
很多其他范文书并不能体现GRE作文的考察重点。
第二部分，Analytical Writing Score Level Description（讲义29页，GRE考试评分标准）1.Sustains insightful, indepth analysis of complex ideas.观点复杂，论证深入。
强化班阅读笔记
单词：endeavor to do 努力 admitterdly 诚然 comprehensive 综合的词组：permissive parents 溺爱子女的父母，be biased for 偏向于 consider sth=take sth 以…..为例让步逻辑的跳读：although /though/even if much as/for all/despite/insipite of 尽管 rather than 而不是转折关系的精读：but（当but 不引导句子时，表示轻微并列，可以理解为and）yet hower nevertheless nonetheless notwithstanding 相反的是：contrarity conversely on the contrary by contrast rather单独放句首表转折 instead unfortunately态度问题的选项一般分为一下三种：一般答案先选褒义，再选贬义，中性一般不选褒义词：postive积极的 supportive 支持的 hopeful 充满希望的 approval n.支持approving adj. optimistic 乐观的，欣赏的 consent 赞同的 permissive 许可的中性词：indifferent 漠不关心的、subjective主观的、objective客观的、impartial不偏不倚的、certain确定的（承认事实，不置可否）贬义词：skeptical，suspicious，doubtful 怀疑的（文章结尾段多个问号，作者态度一定怀疑），contemp 蔑视，biased，prejudict有偏见的，againist 歧视，indignant，furious ，upset（也有不安的意思=concerned）生气的，气愤的indignation=apprehensive 忧虑的，不安的，scornful（n.satire）=ironic(n.ironic)=sarcastic(n.sarcasm)讽刺的 mock tease 嘲笑，讽刺 trivial 微不足道的 destructive=disruptive 有破坏力的 conceited=overconfident 自负的 reserved保守的 resentful（ resentful woman 怨妇）埋怨 opposing=opposition 反对的pessimistic=negative 消极的方向词：褒义词：sensible/wise 明智的；discreet 谨慎的/prudent/cautious 精明的；shrewed/frugal 节俭的；aspiring/aggressive/ambitious 有抱负的，有进取心的；reliable/dependable（dependent是贬义的）可靠的；trustworthy/faithful/loyal （royal 皇家的）忠诚的；industrious/hardworking/painstaking 努力的，勤奋的；creative/iniative/innovative 有创造力的，独创的；dedicated/devoted 有奉献精神的；liberal（literate 识字的，literal 字面的）/open-minded/inclusive开明的，宽容的，接纳性强的；tolerant/enduring 容忍的；courageous/bold/brave勇敢的；hospitable/friendly/warm-hearted 好客的，热情的；pratical/pragmatic/realistic 务实的；sagcious 睿智的，明智的；diplomtic/flexible/resourceful 足智多谋的，灵活的，老练的；wordly （贬义的，世故的）enthusiastic/optimistic 积极的；energetic 充满活力的；punctual=time-conscious 守时的；humble/modest 谦虚的，朴素的；civilized/refined/polished（原意是打磨剖光）有文化的，有教养的；candid/upright/righteous/frank 正直的，坦率的；virtuous（virtue）/kind 善良的=benevolent （bene 词根是与好的有关）innocent 天真贬义词：Imprudent=reckless /rash/incautious/indisreet/egoistic不精明的；selfish/self-serving/self-centerd 自私的；greedy 贪婪的；gullible 易信的；exclusive=intolerant排外的；obedient顺从的；mean 形容人吝啬的，恶毒的；ignorant 无知的；conceited/prejudiced/biased 自负的；cunning 阴险的，狡诈的；vicious=evil 邪恶的；ruthless/cruel/brutal/violent残忍的；timed 怯懦的；nasty 糟糕的，令人恶心的否定前缀：in conclusive总结性的，结论的 inconclusive非结论性的im(用于发音bpm)ir resistablie 可抵抗的 irresistible 一定会发生的il 用于l开头，legal合法的，illegal非法的；un 发在形容词前，直接反义，用于动词前，翻译为反动作（cover 盖上，uncover揭开；say 说 unsay 食言）dis 用法同un（content 满足的，discontent 不满足）mis/mal （fortunel misfortunel misinterpret 误解 mismalfun 失灵）counter “反，抗”没有强烈的方向性（counterclockwise 逆时针；equivalent=counterpart 对等，对应物）anti（反） antibody 抗体；antisocial 反社会的a anonynous 匿名的；apathy 反感；abnormal 不正常的否定后缀：less -+free 没有…..的因果句：因果的连词：in case /lest（以防同 order）so/such。
新东方FLASH完型填空强化班加冲刺班笔记《三》
All nations agree that science and technology _44_be shared. The point is: countries _45_ the industrial processes of the developed nations need to look carefully _46_ the costs, because many of these costs are _47_ Students from these nations should _48_ the problems of the industrialized countries closely. _49_care, they will take home not the problems of science and technology, _50_the benefits.
44.B 考语法现象：agree, ask, demand, propose, suggest, dream
都表达人类心里的期望
语法上本句要求使用虚拟语气，把should 记成“应当”的意思，可以省略
45.A 把前后两个已知线索连接起来，adopting 采纳，采用
receive 收到 accept 心理上的接受
41.A incidentally 偶然地 deliberately 故意的 eventually 最终
frequently 通常的
42.D 找到后面的线索，根据上下文的行文习惯选出first
43.A
maintenance 维护，保养 maintain v. 维护，保养
maintain and repair 维修，maintain、repair是两个动词关联成分
新东方考研英语笔记整理版
新东⽅考研英语笔记整理版⽣活必须主动――07新东⽅考研英语笔记整理版注：1.本笔记根据07新东⽅辅导班（含强化班和冲刺班）现场录⾳整理，百分百正版。
2.历时半年，参考⽆数⽹上资料。
尤其是印建坤阅读部分,他是的资料⼗分零散,整理起来⼗分⾟苦。
3.最好使⽤效果⽅法：本资料、真题和录⾳（尤其是印建坤阅读部分）⼀起复习，最⾼境界是把04－06年真题背下来（注：印⽼师语）。
前提是听过新东⽅07版课n次（n>=1）和细读过历年真题n次（n>=2）。
4.并不是每个部分都值得认真记，推荐阅读和翻译部分。
请注意阅读部分，印建坤风格和以前⽼师有所不同。
要注意概念转换。
5.真题就是经典。
真题是考试之纲，争分之本呀！！6.最后附有“考试⾍”全部技巧以供参考。
7.由于时间⼗分紧张，没有仔细排版校正，请见谅。
8.时间不是关键，致命的是⽅法。
这些技巧都是“技”，要是勤奋练习就是“术”，关键是⽤⼼做事才能修成“道”，如果天分不错最后就是“⽆招胜有招。
⼼中有剑，⼿中⽆剑”的最⾼境界。
加油！9.鸣谢：⼗分感谢过去各位的帮忙和⿎励。
⼀路⾛来因为互相⽀持，我们变得更加坚强。
衷⼼祝愿当春暖花开时，我们会⼼想事成也希望我们会成为好朋友馨馨敬上(注：数字代表做题时间)阅读：90+-10cloze：15+-5新题型：15翻译：20+-5⼩作⽂：15＋－5⼤作⽂：25+-506年outline:最难：完型(a最多) 阅读(b最多)全国最低：7选5(前3个c最多)(后2个d最多)最易：写作具体部分请见阅读和cloze部分。
印建坤阅读技巧+实⼒=成功（培养每⼀种题型能⼒）●速度，准度是成功关键●读⽂章能⼒达标：读⼀遍就知道哪个句⼦会出题●长句读不懂是因为写不出来●要是余2个选项不知如何选，要⽐较2选项侧重点与得分句和辅助句侧重点的关系。
●概率论做题法：分析04-06年，只有05年是4个选项都是5个外，其他2年都是2个5个，1个4个，1个6个，要注意。
笔译冲刺班-英译汉第2课预习材料
201705CATTI笔译实务冲刺班第二课：真题讲解--环境：As icebergs in the Kayak Harbor pop and hiss while melting away, this remote Arctic town and its culture are also disappearing in a changing climate.Narsaq’s largest employer, a shrimp factory, closed a few years ago after the crustaceans fled north to cooler water. Where once there were eight commercial fishing vessels, there is now one.As a result, the population here, one of southern Greenland’s ma jor towns, has been halved to 1,500 in just a decade. Suicides are up.“Fishing is the heart of this town,” said Hans Kaspersen, 63, a fisherman. “Lots of people have lost their livelihoods.”But even as warming temperatures are upending traditional Greenlandic life, they are also offering up intriguing new opportunities for this state of 57,000 — perhaps nowhere more so than here in Narsaq.Vast new deposits of minerals and gems are being discovered as Greenland’s massive ice cap recedes, forming the basis of a potentially lucrative mining industry.One of the world’s largest deposits of rare earth metals —essential for manufacturing cellphones, wind turbines and electric cars — sits just outside Narsaq. This could be momentous for Greenland, which has long relied on half a billion dollars a year in welfare payments from Denmark, its parent state. Mining profits could help Greenland become economically self-sufficient and render it the first sovereign nation created by global warming.“One of our goals is to obtain independence,” said Vittus Qujaukitsoq, a prominentlabor union leader.But the rapid transition from a society of individual fishermen and hunters to an economy supported by corporate mining raises difficult questions. How would Greenland’s insul ar settlements tolerate an influx of thousands of Polish or Chinese construction workers, as has been proposed? Will mining despoil a natural environment essential to Greenland’s national identity — the whales and seals, the silent icy fjords, and mythic polar bears? Can fisherman reinvent themselves as miners?“I think mining will be the future, but this is a difficult phase,” said Jens B. Frederiksen, Greenland’s housing and infrastructure minister and a deputy premier. “It’s a plan that not everyone wants. It’s about traditions, the freedom of a boat, family professions.”The Arctic is warming even faster than other parts of the planet, and the rapidly melting ice is causing alarm among scientists about sea-level rise. In northeastern Greenland, average yearly temperature have risen 4.5 degrees in the past 15 years, and scientists predict the area could warm by 14 to 21 degrees by the end of the century.Already, winter pack ice that covers the fjords is no longer stable enough for dog sledding and snowmobile traffic in many areas. Winter fishing, essential to feeding families, is becoming hazardous or impossible.It has long been known that Greenland sat upon vast mineral lodes, and the Danish government has mapped them intermittently for decades. Niels B ohr, Denmark’s Nobel Prize-winning nuclear physicist and a member of the Manhattan Project, visited Narsaq in 1957 because of its uranium deposits.But previous attempts at mining mostly failed, proving too expensive in the inclement conditions. Now, warming has altered the equation.真题讲解--文化：MY teenage son recently informed me that there is an Internet quiz to test oneselffor narcissism. His friend had just taken it. “How did it turn out?” I asked. “He says he did great!” my son responded. “He got the maximum score!”When I was a child, no one outside the mental health profession talked about narcissism; people were more concerned with inadequate self-esteem, which at the time was believed to lurk behind nearly every difficulty. Like so many excesses of the 1970s, the self-love cult spun out of control and is now rampaging through our culture like Godzilla through Tokyo.A 2010 study in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science found that the percentage of college students exhibiting narcissistic personality traits, based on their scores on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, a widely used diagnostic test, has increased by more than half since the early 1980s, to 30 percent.In their book, The Narcissism Epidemic, psychology professors show that narcissism has increased as quickly as obesity has since the 1980s. Even our egos are getting fat. This is a costly problem. While full-blown narcissists often report high levels of personal satisfaction, they create havoc and misery around them. There is overwhelming evidence linking narcissism with reduced honesty and increased aggression. It’s notable for occasions like Valentine’s Day that narcissists struggle to stay committed to romantic partners, in no small part because they find themselves superior.The full-blown narcissist might reply, “So what?” But narcissism isn’t an either-or characteristic. It’s more of a set of progressive symptoms (like alcoholism) than an identifiable state (like diabetes). Millions of Americans exhibit symptoms, but still have a conscience and a hunger for moral improvement. At the very least, they really don’t want to be terrible people.A healthy self-love that leads to true happiness builds up one’s intrinsic well-being, as opposed to feeding shallow cravings to be admired. Cultivating amour de soi requires being fully alive at this moment, as opposed to being virtually alive while wondering what others think. The soulful connection with another person, the enjoyment of a beautiful hike alone, or a prayer of thanks over your sleeping child could beconsidered expressions of self-love.模拟练习-1Global warming is reshuffling the ranges of animals and plants around the world with profound consequences for humanity, according to a major new analysis.Rising temperatures on land and sea are increasingly forcing species to migrate to cooler climes, pushing disease-carrying insects into new areas, moving the pests that attack crops and shifting the pollinators that fertilize many of them, an international team of scientists has said.They warn that some movements will damage important industries, such as forestry and tourism, and that tensions are emerging between nations over shifting natural resources, such as fish stocks. The mass migration of species now underway around the planet can also amplify climate change as, for example, darker vegetation grows to replace sun-reflecting snow fields in the Arctic.This mass movement of species is the biggest for about 25,000 years, the peak of the last ice age, say the scientists, who represent more than 40 institutions around the world.“The shifts will leave ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ in their wake, radically reshaping the pattern of human wellbeing … and potentially leading to substantial conflict,” the team warn. “Human society has yet to appreciate the implications of unprecedented species redistribution for life on Earth, including for human lives.”模拟练习-2Pax Sinica (Latin for "Chinese peace") is a historiographical term, modeled after the original phrase Pax Romana, applied to the period of peace in East Asia, maintained by Chinese hegemony. During this period, long-distance trade flourished, cities ballooned, standards of living rose, and the population surged.It is usually the period of rule by the Western Zhou, Western Han, Eastern Han, Tang, Ming, and Qing dynasties. During these periods, China maintained the dominantcivilization in the region, due to its political, economic, military and cultural power. The first Pax Sinica of the eastern world by Han China coincided with the Pax Romana of the Western World by Rome. It stimulated the long-distance travel and trade in Eurasian history. The Pax Sinica and Pax Romana both eroded at about 200 AD.Sui China (581-618) established a second Pax Sinica in AD 589, continued by Tang China (618–907). This was considered one of the golden ages of China. The economy, commerce, culture, and science was flourishing and reached new heights.During the early Tang-era, most notably during Emperor Taizong's reign, the Chinese brought their nomadic neighbors to submission. This secured the safety and peace at the many trade routes. The Pax Sinica brought forth a new age for exchange via the Silk Road.The Chinese civilization became open and cosmopolitan to all people from near and far away. Many people from different backgrounds and denominations traveled to the capital of Chang'an. These included clerics, merchants, and envoys from India, Persia, Arabia, Syria, Korea, and Japan.。
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-+懒惰是很奇怪的东西，它使你以为那是安逸，是休息，是福气；但实际上它所给你的是无聊，是倦怠，是消沉;它剥夺你对前途的希望，割断你和别人之间的友情，使你心胸日渐狭窄，对人生也越来越怀疑。
—罗兰新东方考研英语翻译强化班加冲刺班笔记主讲：张建宇英语学习的三个层次：interpretation 解释，理解inter- eg. international 国际的transcription 改写；听抄tran- 改变translation 翻译注意：1、考研翻译主要是考理解2、把题目忠实、通顺的写成中文翻译的实质：对语言进行编码和重新再编码；涉及到两种语言之间意群的编码和重新再编码。
考研翻译和考研阅读的区别：1、阅读是被动技能；翻译是主动技能2、翻译的词汇深度远大于阅读eg. develop 发展；资源的开发；养成某种习惯；得病3、翻译是一个使用英语语言能力的平台翻译的标准： 1. faithfulness 信（忠诚）2. expressiveness 达（达意）3. gracefulness 雅（优雅）考研翻译的标准：忠实、通顺For example：Of study（论读书）Of study, study serves for delight, for ornament and for ability.（读书可以怡情，可以博采，可以长才。
）of 所要谈论的是...... study 指学习的一种具体形式，即读书of study 论读书delight 高兴、愉快ornament 装饰、修饰ability 能力、才能、才干读书可以使人高兴；读书可以装饰某人，充实某人；读书可以提升某人的能力，增长某人的才干。
翻译的三大译法：一、直译字对字的翻译（literary translation）占考研翻译中80%的题目eg. Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。
to add fuel to the fire 火上浇油。
二、意译(free translation) 完全抛开原句的句子结构去翻译eg. A: Will you attend the meeting this afternoon? 你参加今天下午的会吗？B: Will a duck swim? 我一定去。
注意：意译在考研英语翻译中占20%。
翻译举例：1）Milk Way 错误译法：牛奶路正确译法：银河2）错误译法：Five Talks and Four Beauties 本意：五讲四美3）In a society, while women are light and mans are heavy......本意：这个社会是个重男轻女的社会。
4）本意：挤牛奶错误译法：1. 死译：squeeze milk2. 意译：persuade the cow to give milk5）On a beach......, the Brazilians talk, read and joke whatever they want about the naked affairs at ease.错误译文：在海滩上甚至大街上，你能看到几乎全裸的人们在从容不迫地干着他们想干的事情。
三、音译eg. sofa沙发modern摩登Coca Cola可口可乐商标：Canon佳能（本意：大炮）Dove 德芙（本意：鸽子）翻译的重要性：不能放弃考研翻译的三大理由：1. 从考试战略来说，有可能是至关重要的2. 翻译和阅读相得益彰、相互促进。
3. 考验翻译可以提高的三大特点(1) 考点固定(2) 技巧有限(3) 文章体裁固定有利点：考研翻译判分为分段判分考研翻译的难点及对策：1. 阅读能力差—原因：(1) 词汇深度不够eg. elegant system 完美的、完善的系统（elegant优雅的）eg. Last night I heard you driving pigs to the market.译文：昨天晚上我听见你鼾声如雷。
对策：背单词的方法：（a）把集中记单词的时间拆开，每次背个十分钟，加起来够一个小时就可以了。
早上醒来看一遍，理解单词的标志是看到脑中产生的是场景。
（b）拿词汇书背单词的误区。
上下词是连起来记忆的，只记住了词形没有记住词义，最好找代表例句来记忆。
（c）动力不足。
（d）最后一个小技巧：睡觉之前背一些单词：dream horse 梦中情人。
先记核心词汇，然后再记扩充词汇背单词的方法dream horse（梦中情人）2.语法问题1）名词性从句。
包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。
2）定语从句。
注意区分定语从句和名词性从句。
3）分词。
包括过去分词和现在分词，主要看分词的被动和主动。
4）被动语态。
对于翻译能力的提高不要着急。
每个星期坚持翻译一两句话。
考研翻译整体课程内容核心的介绍：一、考研翻译的考点。
1、句法类考点1）、定语从句2）、名词性从句3）、状语从句4）、被动语态2、词法类考点1）、分词2）、代词3）、固定词和短语的翻译二、考研翻译最基本的五种翻译技巧1、分拆：把原句化整为零，按意群切分。
2、倒置：按中文顺序颠倒原文的意群。
3、重组：脱离原文的句子结构，重新组织译文。
4、增词法和减词法：根据需要来增减词。
5、词类转译：某些词的词性会产生变换，比如将英文中的介词转译成动词。
三、技巧和考点的关系：技巧围着考点转四、考研翻译的程序1、划动词，定主谓，明确各分句。
2、缕关系，定词义，按意群翻译。
3、按逻辑调整语序（意群内部的语序），写中文达4、重组合，删多余，核对和检查。
五、考研翻译的时间翻译的时间在正式的考试中不要超过25分钟。
在有限的时间里要注意文章的第一句话。
当待翻译的原文中出现指示代词的时候，要看这一句的前一句或几句话。
定语从句的翻译定语从句就是起定语作用的从句。
代词主要有which,that,who,where等等。
定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两大类。
通常在翻译时，限定性定语从句就是把定语前置；非限定性定语从句通常要独立成句。
定语从句表示原因，结果，转折等等状语关系的意思，翻译时要把这种关系表达出来。
定语从句的译法有三种：前置定语，独立成句，译成状语从句。
定语从句在翻译时由于信息量复杂，通常都是把定语从句从原句中解放出来，译成一个具有表达能力的独立叙述结构。
一、定语从句的前置一）（1995真题）All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades research productive, sales records, or whatever is appropriate. 72. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.1、划动词，定主谓，明确各分句。
2、捋关系，定词义，按意群翻译。
prediction：预测，推测validate：证实，证明how well：多大程度上3、按逻辑调整语序（意群内部的语序），写中文表达。
amount：数量reliability：可靠性importance：重要性appropriateness：合适性，适宜性appropriate：拨款v.information used：翻译时要将定语前置“名词of 名词”结构的译法：后面的名词整个作为前面名词的定语。
city of Beijing：北京城，北京市depend upon: 取决于4、重组合，删多余，核对和检查。
二）(2002真题) It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. 64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self ￡governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning "values." Who will use a technology and to what ends?指代问题：they—Freedom and dignitydignity：尊严possess：拥有，占有possessions：财富possessive：支配权，控制权A man can be destroyed, but he can never be defeated.self-governing：自我管理autonomous region：自治区要把“they”指代的内容翻译出来。
autonomous man：自主人；具有自治能力的人essential：extremely important and necessary in order to do something correctly必不可少hold responsible for：对……负责；credit：信任；信用；声望、名誉；赞扬、赞赏achievement：成绩、效果64)自由和尊严是传统理论所认定的自主人的财富，他们对于那种要求人对他的行为负责并且根据他的成绩给予赞扬的做法来说是必不可少的。