第十讲 阅读理解问题
初一语文第十课阅读理解
初一语文第十课阅读理解
初一语文第十课的阅读理解部分，我们将会通过一篇精选的文章来锻炼同学们的阅读和理解能力。
文章的标题是《春天的使者》，作者以细腻的笔触描绘了春天的景象，以及春天给人们带来的希望和活力。
文章的开头，作者描述了春天的到来，万物复苏的景象。
小草从泥土中探出头来，树木抽出嫩绿的新芽，花儿竞相开放，整个世界都被春天的色彩所装点。
作者用“春天的使者”来形容这些自然界的生物，它们是春天的先行者，向人们宣告着温暖季节的到来。
接着，文章转入对春天气候的描写。
春风拂面，温暖而湿润，它吹散了冬日的寒冷，带来了生机和活力。
春雨绵绵，它滋润着大地，使得植物生长得更加茂盛。
作者通过这些细节的描写，让读者能够感受到春天的气息。
文章的中间部分，作者讲述了春天对人们生活的影响。
春天的到来，让人们的心情变得愉悦，他们开始走出家门，享受大自然的美好。
孩子们在公园里放风筝，大人们在户外散步，每个人都在春天的怀抱中找到了属于自己的快乐。
作者通过这些生活场景的描绘，展现了春天给人们带来的积极影响。
在文章的结尾，作者总结了春天的意义。
春天不仅仅是一个季节，它更是一种象征，代表着新生、希望和活力。
作者鼓励读者要像春天的使者一样，无论遇到什么困难，都要保持积极向上的态度，迎接每一个新的开始。
通过这篇文章的阅读，同学们不仅能够提高自己的阅读理解能力，还能够从中学习到如何观察和描绘自然景象，以及如何通过文字来表达
自己的情感和思想。
希望同学们能够从中获得启发，将阅读和写作的技巧运用到自己的学习生活中去。
北京市顺义区小学语文2020年五升六暑期衔接训练：第10讲 阅读理解
北京市顺义区小学语文2020年五升六暑期衔接训练：第10讲阅读理解姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________亲爱的同学，经过一段时间的学习，你们一定学到不少知识，今天就让我们大显身手吧！一、现代文阅读 (共9题；共158分)1. （17分）课外阅读。
哑巴渡离家不远的地方有一个渡口，摆渡的人是一个（）的哑巴老头，乡亲们都管这儿叫哑巴渡。
哑巴老人的船总是干净而清爽，船舷擦得亮亮的，闪着桐油的光泽，一点也不像他（）的脸。
哑巴老人的船摆得又快又稳，无论是白天还是黑夜，只要在岸上一吆喝，他就会从船舱里出来，再（）地把过河人送到对岸去，春夏秋冬，从不间断。
在这里过河的人，不用担心会耽搁行程。
河水在日复一日，年复一年地流淌着，日子在（）中逝去。
哑巴老人在这里默默地把船摆过来，渡过去，人们已经习惯了河水、渡船和哑巴老人的存在，好像这一切都是理所当然的。
直到有一天，哑巴老人生病被送进了医院，大家才怀念起以前只用一双粗大的手说话的哑巴老人。
人们想起他摆船的稳当。
想起了他一毛钱的渡河钱。
想起了他冬天半夜里穿衣解缆就为了送一个行人过河。
哑巴不在了，人们觉得船上空落落的。
一天，乡里突然来了个老将军，手里捧着哑巴老人的骨灰盒。
哑巴老人得的是肝癌，死在医院里。
他把一生摆渡的钱全捐了出来，想在这条河上建一座新桥。
就在新桥建成剪彩的那天，老将军含泪讲述了一件让人震惊的往事：在红军长征的一次战斗中，为了拦截追击的敌人，还是“红小鬼”的老将军奉上级的命令配合班长炸掉石桥。
摆渡的哑巴老人就是我的班长！阳光下，洁白的桥身闪烁着三个大字：哑巴渡。
一位老红军生前在这里炸掉一座桥，摆了一辈子渡，死后又留下了一座桥。
（1）选择合适的词语填在文章中的括号里。
A．干干瘦瘦B．稳稳当当C．平平淡淡D．皱皱巴巴（2）哑巴老人的船________，他摆得________，从中可以看出哑巴老人________。
（3）“好像这一切都是理所当然的。
江西省语文2020年五升六暑期衔接训练：第10讲 阅读理解A卷
江西省语文2020年五升六暑期衔接训练：第10讲阅读理解A卷一、现代文阅读 (共9题；共158分)1. （17分）课外阅读。
飘香的生命突然，觉得办公室内流动着一股熟悉的香味，很熟悉，却一时想不起来是什么香味。
开始，还以为是某个同事身上的香水味。
可一个个挨着猛嗅了一番，却都不是。
这时，有人提醒：“这是桂花香吧。
”这才恍然醒悟，这确实是桂花香啊!于是，赶到室外，走到立在人行道旁的桂树旁。
果然，一股浓烈的幽香沁人心脾，激荡魂魄。
再仔细瞧去，在那密密的树叶后面，那些米粒大小的嫩黄的花儿正如天空的星星闪烁，却又十分静谧，毫无张扬之意。
瞧着瞧着，我的眼睛就湿润了。
这些惹人怜爱的小东西，竟在偷偷地飘香，飘香了还像什么都发生似的，静静地立在枝头，等着悄悄的凋零。
我们如不仔细瞧，还不知道它已经到过这个世界，已经香过这个世界。
这时，我的思绪触到一个最温柔的记忆，那是上中学时一个同学讲的故事。
当时，这个同学家里很穷，为了省电，他每天晚自习后十一点钟才回家，而那时，学校的大门也在他走后一段时间才缓缓地关上。
他一直以为大门是要到那个时候才关的，因此春夏秋冬，他天天如此，从不觉得有什么不妥。
直到有一天，他被锁在校园内过了一夜，他才知道学校大门是十点钟就关的，而原来关门的老大爷生病住院了。
直到那时他才明白，老大爷一直在默默地为他开着方便之门。
当他流着泪买了一大堆礼品去看老大爷时，老大爷已经去世了……听完这个故事，我们许多人的眼睛都湿润了，为了那个默默行善的老人。
我们的心湿漉漉的，因为在那一刻，我们才醒悟，其实我们每个人身旁都有那个开门的老人，在为我们开着方便之门，他们就像这小小的嫩黄的桂花，悄悄地释放着幽香，然后悄悄地凋零。
他们不张扬，是因为他们的生命本就是如此啊!（1）给下列加下划线的字注音。
嗅 ________ 沁 ________人心脾凋 ________零静谧 ________（2）把下面的陈述句改成反问句。
听完这个故事，我们许多人的眼睛都湿润了。
长安区语文2020年五升六暑期衔接训练：第10讲 阅读理解B卷
长安区语文2020年五升六暑期衔接训练：第10讲阅读理解B卷一、现代文阅读 (共9题；共158分)1. （17分）课外阅读。
慢吞吞的小熊早上,闹钟响了好久,小熊还（hái huán）在床上不肯起来。
妈妈催促:“小熊,快来吃早点。
”小熊回答:“慢点有什么关系？上课还早。
”下午放学,同学们快步走回家。
小熊背（bèi bēi）着书包,这儿看一下那儿站一下。
同学催促:“小熊,快点回家,天要黑了。
”小能回答:“慢点有什么关系？回家也没事做。
”考试了,小熊的动作很慢。
考试结束时,小熊还有一半的题目没有做。
小熊没有及格,暗暗下决心:“要改掉慢吞吞的坏习惯。
”（1）给文中下划线字选择正确的读音。
（2）“慢点有什么关系?”这句话的意思是（）。
①慢点有关系②慢点没有什么关系（3）小熊的坏习惯是（）。
①做事慢吞吞②爱玩（4）小熊养成了这样的坏习惯,结果怎样？后来，他下决心怎么做？（5）读了文章，你收获了什么？2. （17分）非连续性文本阅读。
下面是状状在“遨游汉字王国”探究活动中，通过不同途径搜集到的资料。
请认真阅读，回答问题。
【材料一】丰子恺先生在《书法略说》中说：“世界各国的文字，要算我们中国字为最美术的。
别国的字，大都用字母拼合成，长短大小，很不均齐。
只有我们中国的字，个个一样大小，天生成是美术的。
”【材料二】央视节目《中国汉字听写大会》成为观众津津乐道的话题，没有大牌明星，只有来自全国各地的中学生；没有声嘶力竭的歌唱，只有安安静静地书写。
节目开播以来，全国刮起了一股汉字听写风潮，还催生了一批“听写族”。
（1）从材料一中，你得出的信息是：________。
（2）下面是一个汉字的演变过程，请根据前几个字形将其简化字写在田字格中。
（1分）（3）下面对材料二的信息分析不恰当的一项是（）A . 传统文化类节目走上荧屏，深受观众喜爱。
B . 汉字文化的传承引起了人们的重视。
C . 《中国汉字听写大会》节目意在唤醒更多的人对文字基本功的掌握和对汉字文化的学习。
米老师--第10讲-试题分析(学习资料)
第十讲历年小升初择校考试题型简析1、成外成都外国语学校历年的语文考试题型和考题的难易度变化不大，一般满分100分，100分钟完卷。
其中“基础知识及运用”30分左右，阅读（含文言文阅读）30分左右，作文30分，其它（如应用文、小作文、语言运用等）5分左右。
基础从试题内容来看，成外历年的基础题题型较传统，主要以填空为主，对拼音、文字（辨字组词）、成语（补充成语、成语故事与人物）、句子（修辞、病句）等的考核主要内容还是在立足小学六年级的学业水平基础上，稍微增加了一点难度，一般来说成绩中等以上的同学只要认真、仔细，不出现失误，完成起来是不难的。
即便是稍难一点的古诗句部分，也主要是小学五六年级教材上的内容，有个别超出小学语文教材的题，也是一些比较常见的名诗名句。
如去年考的“，直挂云帆济沧海。
”这首李白所写的《行路难》，以前曾考过的“，柳暗花明又一村”等。
阅读与写作成外的阅读题和作文题也基本上是中规中矩，没有特别的出格。
如去年所考的现代文阅读《夏天，去拜访一只虫》、和前几年曾考过的《安塞腰鼓》《后生可畏》《丰碑》等题，也主要是从联系上下文理解词语、词语和句子的赏析、理解文章内容（根据文章内容回答问题）、谈感受和体会等方面考查考生的阅读理解能力和归纳概括能力。
从成外近些年的作文题来看，命题、半命题、材料、话题作文等各种题型都出现过。
如围绕“好奇心”这个话题，以“我曾有过一次……”，“最美的”等为题，体裁主要以记事为主的记叙文。
值得注意的是，成外的试题中也有一些考查我们语文能力和语文素养的智力训练和仿写等“活”题，令许多同学失分较多。
如：智能训练：●想象下面的图形象什么，想得越多越好，把想到的写下来。
（3分）●传说有人出了个上联考一位才子，这位才子毫不犹豫，当即对了个下联。
现在请你在才子下联的括号中填上恰当的字。
想一想，怎么填最好。
（6分）上联：天上月圆人间月半，月月月圆逢月半；下联：今夕（）尾明朝（）头，（）（）（）尾接（）头。
王长喜四级课堂笔记第十讲阅读理解题型及常规答题方1★【汉魅】
第十讲阅读理解题型及常规答题方法大学英语四六级考试阅读理解部分是众多考生最为担心的部分。
此部分得分高低，对整个考试的成功与否起着决定性作用。
阅读理解不仅考查学生的词汇量、语法知识、阅读速度等基本功，而且还考查学生判断、推理、归纳、总结等综合能力。
阅读理解题虽说对考生要求较高，但我们在深入研究历届四六级阅读理解真题后发现，阅读理解的命题考点和测试题型均有一定的内在规律。
考生只要基本功尚可，然后掌握了这些规律，其应试技巧必将大大提高，从而在众多强手中脱颖而出。
命题考点规律及其对应题型分析研究英语四六级考试阅读理解历届考题，可以发现命题者命制的考点是有一定规律的，且考点规律常与某种题型（主旨题、细节题、逻辑题、观点态度题、词义题）相对应。
如果考生掌握了这些规律，就能在第一遍快速阅读短文时，敏锐地捕捉到考点并能预测可能会出的题型。
考生此时应用笔在这些可能会出题的考点轻轻划上记号，等看完短文开始做题时，针对题干的提问，迅速找到做记号的考点，再仔细分析、答题。
这样，考生就能节省不少时间，从而避免开始做题时又要通阅全文盲目找考点。
下面，我们结合历届四六级真题和大学英语四六级考试90分突破《阅读与简答》分册（王长喜主编，学苑出版社，以下简称《分册》），将这些考点规律及对应题型归纳如下：1、列举处常考列举处指的是First,…，second, …，Third, …等逐步列出，然后要求考生从列举出的内容中，选出符合题干要求的答案项。
该考点常出题型是"细节事实题"。
例 1. At third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: firstly, as members of a police force they always have to be have absolutely in accordance with the law. Secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.Q: What's the policeman's biggest headache?(A) He has to get the most desirable results without breaking the law in any way.(B) He has to justify his arrests while unable to provide sufficient evidence in most cases.(C) He can hardly find enough time to learn criminal law while burdened with numerous criminal cases.(D) He has to provide the best possible public service atthe least possible expense.(分析：选A。
第十讲答案
答案1.露茜修女带6个失聪的孩子到茵梦湖“听”睡莲花开的声音。
（4分，意思对即可）2.（划线略）（微红的晨曦………格外清脆。
）(2分)3.让这些失聪的孩子学会用心去聆听世界，使他们明白可以用另一种方式感受世界，从而树立起对生活的信心（3分，意思对即可）4.为失聪的孩子们找到了聆听世界的这种独特方式而欣慰，为露茜修女创造的奇迹而激动。
（3分，意思对即可）5.性情温和开朗、心地善良，极富爱心。
她用爱心创造了人间奇迹。
（3分，意思对即可）6. B、D(2分) 7. (开放性试题，言之成理即可。
3分）1.读书贵有疑；①疑能打破迷信；②疑能增进兴趣；③疑常常是获得真知的先导，疑是打开知识宝库的钥匙。
（4分，每空1分，③答前一分句或后一分句均可，答全句亦可。
）2.要点：“无疑”说明不会读书，不会思考，需要教给他方法，教他学会独立思考，使之头脑里“有疑”；学会了“有疑”，就要想办法去钻研，千方百计去解决疑问，如此才能变成“无疑”。
（前者是因为看不出问题所在，所以“无疑”，后者是解决了问题，所以才是真正的“无疑”。
）（4分,意思对即可）3.讲道理：②③④⑤；摆事实：⑥⑦（4分，每空2分）4.（开放性试题。
说明理由，言之成理给2分，举出例子给2分，共4分）答案1．一位女教师救助一个因“一念之差”而偷书的小女孩。
（有“女教师救助”、“偷书小女孩”之意即可给分。
1点分，共2分。
若语言不简洁可酌情扣1分）2．在书店里站着一个满脸泪痕的小女孩，而旁边的大人们，正恶狠狠地大声斥责着。
(或：有一个女孩因为偷书被售货员抓住了，而又不肯让家里人知道，所以胡扯了一个电话号码。
或：那是一个一念之差的小女孩，现在一定非常惊慌害怕，正面临着也许是人生中最尴尬的境地。
（若有其他答案，意思符合要求也可给分。
2分）3．第一次：为了减轻小女孩的恐惧和愧疚感。
（或：为了安慰小女孩。
）（若答“觉得小女孩那张被泪水和恐惧弄得一塌糊涂的脸可笑而笑”，不给分。
七下语文第十课阅读理解
七下语文第十课阅读理解在七年级下册的语文课本中，第十课的阅读理解部分通常包含一篇精选的文章，旨在通过阅读和理解，提高学生的语文素养和阅读理解能力。
这篇文章往往涵盖了丰富的文化背景、深刻的思想内涵以及优美的语言表达，是学生学习和思考的重要材料。
文章的开头部分通常会以引人入胜的方式引入主题，可能是一个故事的开端，一个场景的描绘，或者是一个问题的提出。
这部分的目的是吸引学生的注意力，激发他们的阅读兴趣，并为后续内容的展开做好铺垫。
随着文章的深入，作者会逐步展开情节，描绘人物，或者阐述观点。
在这个阶段，学生需要仔细阅读，理解作者的意图和文章的深层含义。
文章可能会通过对话、描写、叙述等多种手法，展现人物性格，揭示事件发展，或者表达作者的情感和态度。
在文章的高潮部分，情节或论点会达到一个顶点，这是文章最吸引人的部分。
学生在阅读时，应该能够感受到作者所要传达的情感和思想的高潮，理解文章的主旨和核心。
文章的结尾部分通常会对全文进行总结，或者提出一些引人深思的问题，引导学生进行深入的思考。
在这个阶段，学生需要回顾全文，思考文章所传达的信息，以及这些信息对他们的意义。
在阅读理解的过程中，学生不仅要理解文章的字面意思，还要学会分析作者的写作手法，理解文章的结构和语言特点。
此外，学生还应该学会从不同的角度思考问题，培养批判性思维能力。
总的来说，七年级下册语文第十课的阅读理解部分是一次宝贵的学习机会，它不仅能够提高学生的阅读能力，还能够拓宽他们的视野，丰富他们的思想。
通过认真阅读和深入思考，学生可以从中获得知识，得到启发，从而在语文学习的道路上不断进步。
江西省语文2020年五升六暑期衔接训练：第10讲 阅读理解(I)卷
江西省语文2020年五升六暑期衔接训练：第10讲阅读理解（I）卷一、现代文阅读 (共9题；共158分)1. （17分）课外阅读。
种植春天从前，有一位国王，性格冷酷。
他的国家里所有的地方都盖着厚厚的白雪，从来就没有花的芳香和草的翠绿。
他十分渴望春天来到他的国家，但是春天从来都不肯光临。
这时，一位流浪已久的少女来到皇宫的门前。
她恳求国王给她一点食物和一个睡觉的地方，她实在太累太饿了。
但是，国王从来都不愿帮助别人，他叫随从把少女赶走了。
可怜的少女在肆虐的风雪中走进了森林。
在森林中，她遇到了一位厚道的农夫，农夫急忙把她扶进屋，让她睡在温暖的火炉边，给她盖上毛毯，然后用仅有的面粉为她做了面包，煮了热汤。
他把面包和汤端到少女的面前时，才发现少女已经死了。
农夫把少女埋在了田野里，并把面包和汤放进去，还为她盖上了毛毯。
第二天奇迹出现了，尽管其他地方仍旧是白雪皑皑，但是在少女的坟墓上，竟然开满了五彩斑斓的小花——这里的春天来了！原来，这个女孩便是春天，农夫接纳了她，诚待了她，滋润了她，安息了她。
于是便享受了她带来的春天。
原来，只要付出，就会有收获，无论你付出得多么早或者多么晚。
原来，没有什么可以真正死去，除了一颗冷酷的心。
原来，春天就这样无声无息地握在我们每个人的手里，静静地等待我们去种植和创造出来，等待我们用爱作中介，把冰凌百丈变成繁花万朵。
也许，这样静静等待我们的，并不仅仅是春天。
（1）用横线画出这篇短文的中心句。
（2）填一填。
①春天不肯光临国王的国家，其原因是________。
②“在少女的坟墓上，竟然开满了五彩斑斓的小花”，这是因为________。
（3）对文中画线的句子的理解正确的是（）A . 我们要保持安静。
B . 只要我们富有爱心，终会有收获。
C . 耐心等待，只有春天会到来。
（4）假如你遇到了一位可怜的少女，你会怎么做？2. （17分）小阅读动物气象员快下雨了，钻在水里的泥鳅闷得上蹿下跳。
下雨了，癞蛤蟆最好笑，爬出来把虫子吃掉。
新疆语文2020年三升四暑期衔接训练：第10讲 阅读理解D卷
新疆语文2020年三升四暑期衔接训练：第10讲阅读理解D卷一、现代文阅读 (共15题；共243分)1. （5分）阅读短文，完成练习太阳路小的时候，我们最猜不透的是太阳。
那么一个圆盘，红光光的，偏悬在空中，是什么绳儿系着的呢？它出来，天就亮了，它回去，天就黑了；庄稼不能离了它，树木不能离了它，甚至花花草草的也离不得它。
那是一个什么样的宝贝啊！我们便想有一天突然能到太阳上去，那里一定什么都是红的，光亮的，那该多好，但是我们不能；想得痴了，就去缠着奶奶讲太阳的故事。
“奶奶，太阳是住在什么地方呀？”“是住在金山上的吧。
”“去太阳上有路吗？”“当然有的。
”“啊，那怎么个走呀？”奶奶笑着，想了想，拉我们走到门前的那块园地上，说：“咱们一块来种园吧，你们每人种下你们喜爱的种子，以后什么就会知道了。
”奶奶教了一辈子学，到处都有她的学生，后来退休了就在家耕作这块园地，她的话我们是最信的。
到了园地，我们松了松土，施了施肥，妹妹种了一溜眉豆，弟弟种了几行葵籽。
我将十几枚仙桃核儿埋在篱笆边上，希望长出一片小桃林来。
从此，我们天天往园地里跑，心急得像贪嘴的猫儿。
10天之后，果然就全发芽了，先是拳拳的一个嫩黄尖儿，接着就分开两个小瓣，肉肉的，像张开的一个小嘴儿。
我们高兴地大呼小叫。
奶奶就让我们5天测一次苗儿的高度，插根标记棍儿。
有趣极了，那苗儿长①得生快，标记棍儿竟一连插了几根，一次比一次长②出一大截来；一个月后，插到6根，苗儿就相对生叶，直噌噌长得老高了。
可是，太阳路的事，却没有一点迹象。
我们又问起奶奶，她笑了：苗儿不是正在路上走着吗？这却使我们莫名其妙了。
“傻孩子！”奶奶说，“苗儿5天一测，一测一个高度，这一个高度，就是一个台阶；顺着这台阶上去，不是就可以走到太阳上去了吗？”我们大吃一惊，原来这每一棵草呀，树呀，就是一条去太阳的路吗？这通往太阳的路，满世界看不见，却到处都存在着啊！奶奶问我们：“这路怎么样呢？”妹妹说：“这路太陡了。
第十讲阅读理解问题(含答案)
中考数学重难点专题讲座第十讲 阅读理解题专题【前言】新课标以来中考题型越来越活，阅读理解题出现在数学当中就是最大的一个亮点。
不同以往的单纯“给条件”to “求结果”式的题目，阅读理解往往是先给一个材料，或介绍一个超纲的知识，或给出针对某一种题目的解法，然后再给条件出题。
对于这种题来说，如果考生为求快速而完全无视阅读材料而直接去做题的话，往往浪费大量时间也没有思路，得不偿失。
所以如何读懂题以及如何利用题就成为了关键，让我们先看以下的例题。
【例1】2010，朝阳，一模 请阅读下列材料问题：如图1，在等边三角形ABC 内有一点P ，且PA=2， PB=3， PC=1．求∠BPC 度数的大小和等边三角形ABC 的边长．李明同学的思路是：将△BPC 绕点B 顺时针旋转60°，画出旋转后的图形（如图2）．连接PP′，可得△P′P B 是等边三角形，而△PP′A 又是直角三角形（由勾股定理的逆定理可证）．所以∠AP′C=150°，而∠BPC=∠AP′C=150°．进而求出等边△ABC 的边长为7．问题得到解决．请你参考李明同学的思路，探究并解决下列问题：如图3，在正方形ABCD 内有一点P ，且PA=5，BP=2，PC=1．求∠BPC 度数的大小和正方形ABCD 的边长．【思路分析】首先仔细阅读材料，问题中小明的做法总结起来就是通过旋转固定的角度将已知条件放在同一个（组）图形中进行研究。
旋转60度以后BP 就成了BP`,PC 成了P`A,借助等量关系BP`=PP`,于是△APP`就可以计算了.至于说为什么是60°,则完全是因为大图图3形是等边三角形,需要用60度去构造另一个等边三角形。
看完这个，再看所求的问题，几乎是一个一模一样的问题，只不过大图形由三角形变成了正方形。
那么根据题中所给的思路，很自然就会想到将△BPC 旋转90度看看行不行。
旋转90度之后，成功将PC 挪了出来，于是很自然做AP`延长线，构造出一个直角三角形来，于是问题得解。
河南省郑州市语文2020年五升六暑期衔接训练：第10讲 阅读理解(I)卷
河南省郑州市语文2020年五升六暑期衔接训练：第10讲阅读理解（I）卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________亲爱的同学，经过一段时间的学习，你们一定学到不少知识，今天就让我们大显身手吧！一、现代文阅读 (共9题；共158分)1. （17分）阅读下文，回答问题。
我家门前有一丛月季，上面开满了红艳艳的花朵。
一天清晨，我看到有个小女孩俯在花前，从花丛中小心地摘了一片带露水的花瓣，双手捧着，然后飞快地穿过田野，跑远了。
几天后的一个清晨，我又见到了那个小女孩在摘花瓣，就叫住了她。
她拿着花瓣，有些不知所措，惶恐地望着我。
“为什么只摘花瓣呢？” 我轻轻地问。
她低着头不好意思地说：“ 我舍不得把整朵花都摘了。
”“ 摘花瓣做什么呀？”小女孩说：“ 妈妈生病了，我摘片花瓣送给她。
花瓣摸上去像绒布一样，闻起来有淡淡的清香，妈妈会高兴的。
”“你爸爸呢？”“爸爸在南沙当解放军。
他常常来信叫我听妈妈的话，不要惹妈妈生气。
”小女孩眼眶里闪动着泪花。
真是个懂事的好孩子。
//第二天早晨，我从集市上买了两盆带着露水的月季花，一盆送给了小女孩，另一盆放在我母亲的阳台上。
（1）按意思分段，写出来。
（2）写出每一段的段落大意。
第一段：________。
第二段：________。
第三段：________。
（3）从哪里可以看出小女孩是个“懂事的孩子”？简要写在下面。
2. （17分） (2020三下·期中) 阅读瞭望塔。
曹冲智救库吏曹冲是曹操的儿子，他聪明多智，而且很有同情心。
有一天，他父亲一具心爱的马鞍不幸被老鼠咬破了，管仓库的官吏发现后，吓得面无人色。
他想去自首，减少一些罪责，但又担心自己仍不免一死。
这件事被十来岁的曹冲知道了。
他想，库吏平时勤勤恳恳，为人老实，马鞍被老鼠咬坏，是一时疏忽，怎能因此而丧命？他便把库吏叫去，说：“我会设法救你的，三天后你去自首好了。
”库吏连连叩头而去。
送走库吏，曹冲走进卧室，用小刀将内衣连戳几个洞，然后装出闷闷不乐的样子，连饭也不吃。
新疆语文2020年五升六暑期衔接训练：第10讲 阅读理解A卷
新疆语文2020年五升六暑期衔接训练：第10讲阅读理解A卷一、现代文阅读 (共9题；共158分)1. （17分）课外阅读。
三亚落日（节选）活跃了一天的太阳，依旧像一个快乐的孩童。
它歪着红扑扑的脸蛋，毫无倦态，潇潇洒洒地从身上抖落下赤朱丹彤，在大海上溅出无数夺目的亮点。
于是，天和海都被它的笑颜感染了，金红一色，热烈一片。
时光悄悄地溜走，暑气跟着阵阵海风徐徐地远离。
夕阳也渐渐收敛了光芒，变得温和起来，像一只光焰柔和的大红灯笼，悬在海与天的边缘。
兴许是悬得太久的缘故，只见它慢慢地下沉，刚一挨到海面，又平稳地停住了。
它似乎借助了大海的支撑，再一次任性地在这张硕大无朋的床面上顽皮地蹦跳。
大海失去了原色，像饱饮了玫瑰酒似的，醉醺醺地涨溢出光与彩。
人们惊讶得不敢眨眼，生怕眨眼的一瞬间，那盏红灯笼会被一只巨手提走。
我瞪大双眼正在欣赏着，突然那落日颤动了两下，最后像跳水员那样，以一个轻快、敏捷的弹跳，再以一个悄然无声、水波不惊的优美姿势入了水，向人们道了“再见”。
（1）文中“赤朱丹彤”的意思是________。
（2）从文中找出“渐渐”的两个近义词写在横线上：________、________。
（3）在作者的眼中，三亚的落日一会儿像________，一会儿像________，一会儿像________。
（4）三亚的落日景象十分美丽，请你用一两句话表达自己发自内心的赞美之情。
2. （17分）阅读下文，回答问题死也不倒下吉鸿昌同志是共产党员。
在党的领导下，他坚决抗日，尽力为党工作。
蒋介石恨他，把他逮（dài dǎi）捕了。
吉鸿昌被送到北平，刚一下车，敌人就给他看一份电报，上面写着“立即处（chùchǔ）决”四个字，妄（wàng wǎng）图吓唬他，要他投降（jiàng x iáng）。
吉鸿昌看了，平静地说：“行啊！你们什么时候动手？”有一次，反动头目何应钦亲自审问，要吉鸿昌招出抗日活动的秘密。
中考英语专题复习 专题十八 阅读理解 第10讲 阅读理解解题方法指导
专题十八阅读理解第10讲阅读理解解题方法指导教学目标1. 掌握北京中考阅读理解CD篇的命题规律；2. 掌握北京中考阅读理解CD篇的解题方法；3. 掌握北京中考阅读理解CD篇的高频词。
名师点拨北京中考阅读理解CD篇命题规律总结阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习的一项重要任务，也是中考的一项重要内容。
中考阅读理解主要考察学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。
要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
近年来逐渐显现出文章易懂，但选题较难的趋势，要求阅读速度为每分钟约40-50词。
北京中考阅读理解CD篇的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则：1. 阅读量约在350-450字之间；2. 题材广泛，包括日常生活类、人生百味类、科普环保类、教育类和社会现象类等；3. 体裁多样，以议论文和说明文为主。
北京中考阅读理解CD篇考察的主要内容是：1. 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力；2. 考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力；3. 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力；4. 考查推断作者意图和态度的能力；5. 考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。
建议：平时阅读理解要加强科普类、议论类文章的阅读，做题方法不要只停留在机械寻找信息上，注重文章写作结构、主旨大意、观点态度的理解上，阅读英文原著，不要局限于中考试题。
北京中考阅读理解CD篇解题方法指导一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。
浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。
第二步浏览问题，明确要求。
把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主二、阅读理解解题技巧A. Is technology really good for us?B. How can we keep in touch with others?C. What is the best way to enjoy ourselves?D. Do we spend enoughtime truly by ourselves?xx has been decided to be the Year of Festivals in Malaysia—so there’s never been a better time to visit Malaysia than now. Just turn the page to see some of the important events taking place over the next 12 months. And for more information on traveling to Malaysia, please visit .my.（北京朝阳二模C篇）What is the writer’s purpose in the passage?A. To encourage us to visit Malaysia.B. To report some interesting festivals.C. To share his own experience.D. To introduce a foreign country.参考答案：C D A语篇练习北京中考阅读理解CD篇分类练习日常生活类（北京中考C篇）Are You Right Handed or Left Handed?Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write.What causes people to be left handed or right handed? Experts have searched long and hard on this. They conclude（得出结论） that left-handed people are left handed for the same reason that right-handed people are right handed. One out of every ten people just is a left-handed people are right handed. One out of every ten people just is a left-hander. It’s simply like the color of our eyes – some people have brown eyes, while some others have black eyes.However, may researchers think that left-handers and right-handers are different in some aspects. Right-handers are more talkative and outgoing than left-handers. Many right-handed people understand spoken words better. For example, after they listen to directions to a supermarket, they can find it easily. Right-handers are good at organizing people, too. They are also better basketball guards. Just ask Yao Ming.Research shows that left-handers are creative and artistic. Many famous performers, like Jim Carrey and Paul McCartney, are left handed. Many left-handers learn better visually（在视觉方面）. In art, both Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were left handed. In music, Ludwig van Beethoven was left handed.In science, you find Newton and Einstein. The left-handed people are also really good at tennis and other single sports.If you prefer one hand, but you are still good at writing with the other, you are mixed. Research shows mixed-handers can remember everyday things better than other people. What did you eat for lunch two weeks ago? If you’re mixed handed, you can probably remember.1. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will .A. get hurtB. give up cuttingC. feel awkwardD. change their tools2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. Causes of being left handed.B. Encouragement to left-handersC. Punishment for using the left hand.D. Changes in opinions on left-handers.3. According to the passage, right-handers .A. learn better visuallyB. are good organizersC. are better at single sportsD. give clear directions to others4. From the passage, we can learn that left-handers .A. may be more talkative and outgoingB. are ordinary people like right-handersC. might remember everyday things betterD. no longer need to use right-handed tools北京中考D篇Should Children Be Allowed to Get Bored?Children need time to stand and stare. They should be allowed to get bored to that they can develop their ability to be creative.Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity.Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things todo, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up.Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely.Dr. Belton is an expert on the effects of emotions on learning. “Boredom could be an unfortablefeeling,” she said. “But some young people cannot deal with that boredom creatively. So sometimes they may break a classroom window, or drive a car out for a mad race.”Usually, when children have nothing to do, they would turn on the TV, the puter, or the phone. Their time on these things has increased, yet they need to have time to think about their experiences through play or just watching the world around them.It is this kind of thinking that can inspire the imagination. On the other hand, the TV or phone may cut short the thinking process. That can be harmful to the development of creativity. “For developing the ability to be creative,” Dr. Belton advised, “perhaps we need to stand and stare, and stay off-line from time to time.”1. What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Slow down.B. Keep up with.C. Go beyond.D. Give rise to.2. The writer talks about Syal and Perry to .A. stress the great differences between themB. introduce a popular writer and a famous artistC. suggest good ways of going through boredomD. show effects of boredom on developing creativity3. What can we learn from the passage?A. Boredom provides children with space to think freely.B. It’s much better for c hildren to be busy than be bored.C. Boredom helps children deal with difficulties properly.D. It’s boring for children to think about their experiences.北京东城一模C篇Wonder is a book about a ten-year-old boy called August, or Auggie, who feels normal but looks very different.Wha t’s Wonder about?Auggie lives with his parents and sister in New York. He is a normal boy in manyways. He rides a bike and likes playing with his Xbox. But Auggie has deformities(畸形）of the face and looks very different from other children. At the start of the book,he tells us "My name is August. I won't describe what I look like. Whatever you'rethinking, i t’s probably worse. " In the street, people look at Auggie and arefrightened.Auggie has never been to school because he has spent a lotof time in hospital.Hismother teaches him at home. But now he’s ten, she thinks he should go to school. At first, Auggie doesn’t want to go. He worries that other students will look at him and say terrible things.But when he visits a school with his mum, he likes the head teacher and decides to go. Auggie’s first year at school has good times and bad times. He makes some good friends but other children are rude to him. At the end of the year, Auggie goes on a school trip and a frightening event there changes things pletely. Is it a good book?Wonder is an excellent book, It tells an exciting story that makes you feel many different emotions.It is easy to like Auggie. He has a good sense of humour, so the book has a good mix of funny and sad momen ts. But the book isn’t just about Auggie. We also learn what life for his sister, and his friend, Jack. Wonder is popular with people of all ages. Pre-teens, teenagers and adults all love the book.A bestsellerWonder is RJ Palacio’s first book. On her web site, she explains that she had the idea for Wonder after seeing a girl with deformities on the street one day. Many schools use the book to start discussions about bullying, friendship and being different.The book is very popular and has won prizes. Many people are looking forward to seeing what RJ Palacio writes next.1. How is Auggie different from other boys?A. His name is special.B. His face shape is not normal.C. He doesn’t go to school.D. He likes playing with his Xbox.2. Why doesn’t Auggie want to go to school at first?A. Because he has to stay in hospital.B. Because his mother teaches better than teachers.C. Because he doesn’t think he should go to school.D. Because he is afraid other students may make fun of him.3. What can we know about the book?A. It tells the story of a real family.B. Many schools use it to educate students.C. Adults like the book more than children.D. The emotions of the story are hard to understand.北京西城一模C篇As kids, we learn how to write, maybe play a musical instrument and draw. So why don’t we learn to code(编码) puter programs too? What coding has in mon with writing, playing music and creating art is that it lets you bring your ideas to life. Coding is all about creativity and that’s why I love it.Creating with codeCoder Dojo helps young people around the world to learn puter programming for free. When I went to my first Coder Dojo class in Dublin City University in Ireland, at age nine, I didn’t know anything about coding or even what it was. But I remember making my very first web page that first day, and being surprised that I could create such a thing. It was a great feeling that I think every young person should experience!By going to Coder Dojo every week, I learned how to make websites, apps and games. One of my apps is called Auto-Journalist. It can help journalists(记者) and interviewees do interviews even if they are both really busy or live in different time zones. It is still in development, and I have showed it at all event called Coolest Projects Awards, where young people get to show the public what they have created with code. It’s so much fun to share one’s creations, and to see what everyone else has made too.LearningenvironmentFor the past three years I have also been helping to teach other young people at Coder Dojo DCU.In recent years I have also noticed many more girls attending Coder Dojo DCU to try out coding. This has a lot to do with the Coder Dojo girls’ classes—girls and young women take part in it with their friends，an d it doesn’t feel like coding is a “boy thing”. It is really wonderful to see this, because we need more girls and women in STEM(Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths). It’s a good way to learn more about technology.Start earlyOne of the main things I have learned in the last few years is that coding is not only for adults, coding is for young people, too. And when you are a child it is a great time to start coding, because your imagination is the limit for what you can create!Want to learn more? Find out if there is a Coder Dojo near you at Coder dojo. or set one up yourself! Also check out Code. org which has lots of fun drag-and-drop coding games.1. In the writer’s first coding class, she _______.A. made apps and gamesB. created a web pageC. wrote for newspapersD. did some interviews2. Why do more girls begin to learn coding?A. There are coding classes for girls.B. Girls want to learn a “boy thing”.C. There are more girls in STEM.D. Girls can meet cool boys there.3. What does the writer think of coding?A. It is better than playing music.B. It limits children’s imagination.C. It stops people from learning fast.D. It helps children with their creativity.4. What is probably the best title for this passage?A. Start Coding as Early as PossibleB. e for Fun in Coder Dojo ClassC. Kids Should Have Chances to Learn to CodeD. STEM IS Calling for More Girls and Women北京海淀一模D篇Living next to next is the principle (原则) of a neighbor. Good neighborliness is the ideal to be aimed at. As the saying goes, no man is an island; he has to live with his neighbors. To make life easy and pleasant, he must cooperate with his neighbors.Whether one likes it or not, one cannot do without neighbors. Normally one may think he can do without neighbors because he can manage all forts and services, so the services or the need for a friend may not happen. However, the sympathy (同情), admiration and appreciation which a neighbor may offer will have a great humanizing influence. To share one’s view and sometimes even sadness, one needs some neighbors.But all neighbors are not always keeping the friendly relationship. Stresses and tension (紧张) develop because of misunderstanding. Very often children may be the cause for tense feelings. Theneighbor’s son may pick a flower or a fruit from your garden and an argument may follow. Again he may throw his ball at your window breaking it. These are mon cases so far as the younger one is concerned but it is for the elders to view them with calmness and make up for it. This may read easy on paper but not so in real life. But being broad minded, one must be able to tolerate (容忍). Another reason for tension may be the animals. Your neighbor’s dog may be a real trouble or his chickens would e into your garden and eat away your plants.In all these cases to keep up good neighborliness, some understanding between the neighbors is important. Small differences can be easily patched up or worked out.Try to be friendly and the problem will not be difficult to solve. Care can at times play a good part and help the neighbors in a small or big way. Nobody is perfect and it is better not to speak ill of your neighbors. A cheerful word, a nod or a small talk will strengthen the feeling of good neighborliness.Neighborliness is not only for people but it is also largely important between neighboring countries. History has got a lot to teach on this. Unless countries learn to live as good neighbors, there cannot be peace on earth. So children must be taught at home and in the school to cooperate with the neighbors and be friendly with them. The basic rule is to give and take and to develop a sense that the other man has as much right as you do, and some degree of tolerance is very necessary.1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. One is often needed by his family.B. No one likes to be alone on an island.C. Everyone has to live with his neighbors.D. Everyone lives an easy and pleasant life.2. Which of the following may cause misunderstanding?A. Hobbies and habits.B. Children and pets.C. Sports and games.D. Likes and dislikes.3.What does the sentence “Small differences can be easily patched up or worked out.” in Paragraph4 probably mean?A. Praising others can help to be good neighbors.B. Unimportant disagreement can be easily solved.C. One can easily make good use of small arguments.D. Nobody can be perfect enough to speak ill of others.4. In the passage, the writer tries to ____.A. show the important of getting on with neighborsB. teach the basic rules of behaving well at homeC. explain the reasons of learning teamworkD. introduce ways of being a better person北京朝阳一模D篇Eating TogetherAfter my mother passed away and my brother went to study in New Zealand, the first thing that really felt different was the dinner table. My father and I began eating separately. We went out to dinners with our friends or just ate sandwiches in front of our puters. Then, a few weeks before I was setto leave for university, m y father walked downstairs. “You know, I think we should start eating together even if it’s just you and me,” he said. “Your mother would have wanted that.”It wasn’t perfect—the meals we made weren’t amazing and we missed Mom and my brother. But there was something special about setting aside time to be with my father. It was a fortable moment to get away from busy days：an excuse to talk, to think about the day, and recent events. Eating together was a small act, and it needed very little of us—and yet it was surely one of the happiest parts of my day.Sadly, Americans hardly eat together anymore. In fact, most American families report eating a single meal together less than five days a week. It’s a pity that so many Americans are missing out on the meaning ful time with their loved ones, and it’s even more than that. Not eating together also has negative (消极的）effects both physically and psychologically (心理上地）.Children who do not eat dinner with their parents at least twice a week were 40% more likely to be overweight pared to those who do. And students who do not eat with their parents are more likely to be truant at school.Just the opposite, children who do eat dinner with their parents five or more days a week are less likely to run away from school without reason. They also report being closer with their parents than children who eat dinner with their parents less often, according to a study conducted by the National Center at Columbia University.Then how do we eat better, not just from a nutritional perspective (营养角度),but from a psychological one as well?Perhaps seeing eating together as an opportunity to get away with stress, a chance to catch up with those whom we love could help our children do better in school, get in better shape, and be less likely to have problems. Eating together also leads children to report better relationships with their parents and surely relationships between adults can similarly benefit.So try eating together, and you’ll find it’s totally worth it.1.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Most Americans share meaningful time with their loved ones.B. The writer likes going out to eat sandwiches with friends and parents.C. Eating together with parents is a big event and needs lots of preparation.D. Children who don't eat dinner with parents are more likely to be overweight.2.The underlined part “be truant at school” probably means “________”.A. be absent from schoolB. be pleased at schoolC. be present at schoolD. be disappointed in school3.The writer probably agrees thatA. eating together doesn’t have good effects on adultsB. it’s important for the young to eat together with parentsC. it’s totally worth spending much money in eating togetherD. people who eat together often are likely to have problems北京东城二模C篇TelemutingFor most people, a usual workday means waking up, eating breakfast,driving to the office, working for about 8 hours and then driving backhome. But not all workers have this experience. Many people work from their homes. This kind of work is called telemuting or telework. A person who telemutes is called a telemuter.People have worked in their homes for thousands of years. But the modern idea of telemuting started in the early 1970s. Improvements in technology, especially networking technology, helped support the development of telework. As munication technology became cheaper and more powerful, telemuting became more of a choice for workers.Both panies and individuals（个人）can benefit from telework. One benefit for panies is that it can save money. It can also help improve morale. This is because workers who have choices about how they work are often happier. If workers are happier, they are likely to do better jobs. This is good for the pany. As for individuals, they can save money by cutting down their transportation costs. They also save time because they do not have to go to the office every day. Depending on how often they work from home, telemuters can save between 15 and 25 workdays every year.Even though there are many benefits to telework, there are also some disadvantages. Managers are worried about losing control of the workers. If the worker is not in the office, managers don't know what they are doing. Telework can also be bad for a person's working life. Managers are more likely to give a promotion（升职）to workers that they see every day, so telemuters have less chance of getting promoted than regular workers. As telemuters often work alone, another bad effect of telemuting is separation from other people.Telemuting has a place in the society today. Helped by more powerful technologies, teleworkers of the future will be able to municate in new and improved ways. This will make telework better and make sure that it will have a more important place in the future.1. What does telemuting mean?A. Driving to work.B. Working from home.C. Working in an office.D. Working for 8 hours a day.2. What does the underlined word “morale” probably mean?A. Health.B. Abilities.C. Spirits.D. Wealth.3.What's one of the disadvantages of telemuting?A. It makes a worker unfit and upset.B. It makes a worker uninterested in his job.C. It makes a worker have less chance of promotion.D. It makes a worker have worse control of his time.4. What can we learn from the passage?A. Telework will get improved in the future.B. Telework has a history of hundreds of years.C. Teleworkers work for more days every year.D. Teleworkers are good at municating with others.北京西城二模C篇Kids Speak UpIn an online poll (投票), TIME FOR KIDS and Kids Health. org asked kids how they are getting along with their parents. Here’s what they told us.Getting Along and Having FunAbout two out of three kids said they get along very well with their parents. About four out offive told us t hey have fun with their parents. But that doesn’t mean they never disagree. In fact, most kids reported arguing with their parents sometimes.“It’s mon to disagree and argue,” says D’Arcy Lyness, a child psychologist (心理学家). “But it’s also important to learn how to do so respectfully.” About half of the kids said they are doing that. When they disagree with their parents, they say they have a discussion calmly.But two out of five kids said arguments always involve shouting at each other. Lyness points out that shouting never helps. “Speak up, and let your parents know your ideas,” she advises. “But be patient. Don’t use a raised, angry voice.”Not surprisingly, three out of four kids admitted (承认) to lying at times. Many said they lie to avoid getting in trouble or disappointing their parents. According to Lyness, lying isn’t just wrong. It can actually get bad results. Telling the truth builds trust. “When parents can trust you, they are more likely to give you more freedom.” she says.A Changing RelationshipKids ages 12 to 14 not only said they lie more, but they also reported having less fun, feeling less close, and not getting along as well with their parents.According to Lyness, those feelings are not unmon. As kids grow up, they have more disagreements or arguments with their parents. But it doesn’t have to be that way. “Kids and parents get along differently at different times of the journey of life,” she says. As kids grow and change, it is important for everybody to adapt (适应). “There’s a dance of ways that you act with others and get along,” she points out. “Then there’s a change, and it’s a different dance.” Change is normal, she stresses.Share this story with your family. You may find that you have a lot to talk about.1. According to the poll, how many kids get along very well with their parents?A. About 4/5.B. About 2/3.C. About 1/2.D. About 2/5.2. What does Lyness advise kids to do when arguments happen?A. Listen to their parents calmly.B. Try to understand their parents.C. Voice their opinions with patience.D. Tell a white lie to avoid problems.3. According to Lyness, which is a possible way for kids to get more freedom?A. To tell the truth.B. To care more about their parents.C. To make less trouble.D. To have a talk with their parents.4. What can we learn from the passage?A. Disagreements between parents and kids are avoidable.B. Kids ages 12 to14 lie more because they have less fun.C. The relationship between parents and kids stays the same.D. Both parents and kids should make changes to get on well.北京西城二模D篇Travelling with your belongs on your back, or backpacking is self-planned budget (预算) touring using low-cost transport, and often going on foot. Backpackers don’tcarry suitcases or stay in pricey hotels. Instead, they walk aroundwith backpacks filled with everything they need, ready to sleepunderthe stars if necessary. With their limited budget, they need tochoose lodgings (住宿) and transport based on an old saying — the lower the price, the better.The lure (吸引力) of adventure has made backpacking a popular travel style among young people and students who are seldom owners of fat wallets. They prefer exploring a place by themselves, with only a printed map, or a smart phone on hand.“A package tour may suit a family’s needs, but it’s not my cup of tea,” says Betty Lam, who went backpacking in New Zealand with three friends last summer. “I want to explore a place according to my choice, my timetable and myse lf.”Were there any particularly memorable events on the trip?“Once, the train to Auckland was put off and two of our group were hungry, so they left their backpacks with us and went to a nearby shop to buy something to eat. I still remember the scene with Tammy and me running flat out to catch the train, carrying four huge backpacks. The other two were racing behind us as they’d panicked when they saw the train getting ready to pull away from the station.I held the train door open while Tammy was shout ing. “Quick —jump in!” Susie came in head first with June landing on the top of her like a sack of potatoes! It was so funny!”So was the trip worth all the effort?“Definitely. True, we had a few quarrels (争吵); we have different interests, and it wasn’t easy to please everybody. But we managed to reach a promise (妥协) every time. Travelling with friends helps you learn about getting on with people and working together. All of us had gained a lot by the end of the holiday — the four of us had bee really g ood buddies.”What should backpackers always carry with them?Betty laughs —“not too much! fortable walking shoes are important. A raincoat is necessary and bring some practical clothes.”So, is that everything to bear in mind?“Well, yes and no, because you can’t prepare enough. You need much information about where you’re going to stay, transport, food, etc. Most importantly, you must have insurance (保险) —just in case your money, passport or backpack get stolen, or you get sick. Take time planning a nd you’ll have fun safely.”1. What do backpackers usually do?A. Stay in pricey hotels.B. Face a lot of dangers.C. Spend much money.D. Choose cheap transport.2. Which of the following statements about Betty is true?A. Betty preferred travelling with her family on holidays.B. The friendship improved as a result of their adventures.C. Only half of Betty’s group caught the train to Auckland.D. Betty toured New Zealand with backpackers she met there.3. What’s the main purpose of th e passage?A. To give us some advice on backpacking.B. To tell us about Betty’s travelling story.C. To introduce a hot travel style, backpacking.D. To encourage us to travel with less money.北京海淀二模C篇。
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第十讲 阅读理解题专题【前言】新课标以来中考题型越来越活，阅读理解题出现在数学当中就是最大的一个亮点。
不同以往的单纯“给条件”to “求结果”式的题目，阅读理解往往是先给一个材料，或介绍一个超纲的知识，或给出针对某一种题目的解法，然后再给条件出题。
对于这种题来说，如果考生为求快速而完全无视阅读材料而直接去做题的话，往往浪费大量时间也没有思路，得不偿失。
所以如何读懂题以及如何利用题就成为了关键，让我们先看以下的例题。
【例1】2010，朝阳，一模 请阅读下列材料问题：如图1，在等边三角形ABC 内有一点P ，且PA=2， PB=3， PC=1．求∠BPC 度数的大小和等边三角形ABC 的边长．李明同学的思路是：将△BPC 绕点B 顺时针旋转60°，画出旋转后的图形（如图2）．连接PP′，可得△P′P B 是等边三角形，而△PP′A 又是直角三角形（由勾股定理的逆定理可证）．所以∠AP′C=150°，而∠BPC=∠AP′C=150°．进而求出等边△ABC 的边长为7．问题得到解决．请你参考李明同学的思路，探究并解决下列问题：如图3，在正方形ABCD 内有一点P ，且PA=5，BP=2，PC=1．求∠BPC 度数的大小和正方形ABCD 的边长．【思路分析】首先仔细阅读材料，问题中小明的做法总结起来就是通过旋转固定的角度将已知条件放在同一个（组）图形中进行研究。
旋转60度以后BP 就成了BP`,PC 成了P`A,借助等量关系BP`=PP`,于是△APP`就可以计算了.至于说为什么是60°,则完全是因为大图形是等边三角形,需要用60度去构造另一个等边三角形。
看完这个，再看所求的问题，图3图 1图2几乎是一个一模一样的问题，只不过大图形由三角形变成了正方形。
那么根据题中所给的思路，很自然就会想到将△BPC旋转90度看看行不行。
旋转90度之后，成功将PC挪了出来，于是很自然做AP`延长线，构造出一个直角三角形来，于是问题得解。
说实话如果完全不看材料，在正方形内做辅助线，当成一道普通的线段角计算问题也是可以算的。
但是借助材料中已经给出的旋转方法做这道题会非常简单快捷。
大家可以从本题中体会一下领会材料分析方法的重要性所在。
【解析】（1）如图，将△BPC绕点B逆时针旋转90°，得△BP′A，则△BPC≌△BP′A．∴AP′=PC=1，BP=BP′=2．连结P P′，在Rt△BP′P中，∵BP=BP′=2，∠PBP′=90°，∴P P′=2，∠BP′P=45°．在△AP′P中，AP′=1，P P′=2，AP=5，∵22212(5)+=，即AP′ 2 + P P′ 2 = AP2．∴△AP′P是直角三角形，即∠A P′ P=90°．∴∠AP′B=135°．∴∠BPC=∠AP′B=135°．…（2）过点B作BE⊥AP′交AP′的延长线于点E．∴∠E P′ B=45°.∴E P′=B E=1.∴AE=2.∴在Rt△ABE中，由勾股定理，得AB=5．∴∠BPC=135°，正方形边长为5．【例2】2010，大兴，一模若12,x x 是关于x 的一元二次方程20(0)a x b x c a ++=≠的两个根，则方程的两个根12,x x 和系数,,a b c 有如下关系：1212,bc x x x x aa+=-⋅=. 我们把它们称为根与系数关系定理.如果设二次函数2(0)y ax bx c a =++≠的图象与x 轴的两个交点为12(,0),(,0)A x B x .利用根与系数关系定理我们又可以得到A 、B 两个交点间的距离为：22221212122444()4().b c b ac b ac AB x x x x x x aaaa--=-=+-=--==请你参考以上定理和结论，解答下列问题:设二次函数2(0)y ax bx c a =++>的图象与x 轴的两个交点为12(,0),(,0)A x B x ，抛物线的顶点为C ，显然A B C ∆为等腰三角形.（1）当A B C ∆为等腰直角三角形时，求24;b ac -的值 （2）当A B C ∆为等边三角形时，24b ac -= .（3）设抛物线21y x kx =++与x 轴的两个交点为A 、B ，顶点为C ，且90AC B ∠=︒,试问如何平移此抛物线，才能使60AC B ∠=︒？【思路分析】本题也是较为常见的类型，即先给出一个定理或结论，然后利用它们去解决一些问题。
题干中给出抛物线与X 轴的两交点之间的距离和表达式系数的关系,那么第一问要求24b ac -取何值时△ABC 为等腰直角三角形.于是我们可以想到直角三角形的性质就是斜边中线等于斜边长的一半.斜边中线就是顶点的纵坐标,而斜边恰好就是两交点的距离.于是将24b ac -作为一个整体,列出方程求解.第二问也是一样,把握等边三角形底边与中线的比例关系即可.第三问则可以直接利用第一问求得的24b ac -值求出K,然后设出平移后的解析式,使其满足第二问的结果即可.注意左右平移是不会改变度数的，只需上下即可。
【解析】．⑴ 解：当ABC △为等腰直角三角形时，过C 作C D AB ⊥，垂足为D ， 则2AB C D =∵抛物线与x 轴有两个交点，∴0>△，（不要忘记这一步的论证）∴2244b ac b ac -=-∵24b ac A B a-=又∵244b ac C D a-=，∵0a ≠，∴22442b acb ac --=∴()222444bac b ac --=（看成一个整体）∴()222444bac b ac --=∴244b ac -=…⑵当ABC △为等边三角形时，24b ac -12=⑶∵90AC B ∠=︒， ∴24b ac -4=． 即244k -=， ∴22k =±因为向左或向右平移时，AC B ∠的度数不变，所有只需要将抛物线2221y x x =±+向上或向下平移使60AC B ∠=︒，然后向左或向右平移任意个单位即可．设向上或向下平移后的抛物线解析式为：2221y x x m =±++， ∵平移后60AC B ∠=︒，∴2412b ac -=， ∴2m =-．∴抛物线21y x kx =++向下平移2个单位后，向左或向右平移任意个单位都能使AC B ∠的度数由90︒变为60︒【例3】2010，房山，一模 阅读下列材料：小明遇到一个问题：如图1，正方形ABC D 中，E 、F 、G 、H 分别是AB 、BC 、C D和DA 边上靠近A 、B 、C 、D 的n 等分点，连结AF 、B G 、C H 、D E ，形成四边形MNPQ ．求四边形MNPQ 与正方形ABC D 的面积比（用含n 的代数式表示）．小明的做法是：先取2n =，如图2，将ABN △绕点B 顺时针旋转90︒至'C B N △，再将AD M △绕点D逆时针旋转90︒至'C D M △，得到5个小正方形，所以四边形MNPQ 与正方形ABC D 的面积比是15；然后取3n =，如图3，将ABN △绕点B 顺时针旋转90︒至'C B N △，再将AD M △绕点D逆时针旋转90︒至'C D M △，得到10个小正方形，所以四边形MNPQ 与正方形ABC D 的面积比是410，即25；……请你参考小明的做法，解决下列问题：（1）在图4中探究4n =时四边形MNPQ 与正方形ABC D 的面积比（在图4上画图并直接写出结果）；（2）图5是矩形纸片剪去一个小矩形后的示意图，请你将它剪成三块后再拼成正方形（在图5中画出并指明拼接后的正方形）．【思路分析】本题属于典型的那种花10分钟读懂材料画1分钟就可以做出来题的类型。
材料给出的方法相当精妙，考生只要认真看过去并且理解透这个思路，那么不光是这道题可M’N’Q P N G H FED CBAM Q PN G H FED CBA M M’N’M A BCDEF HG N PQ CPG DQ H M N FBEA 图图1图3图4图5都是矩形以做，以后碰见类似的题目都可以用这种方法。
材料中所给方法就是将周边的四个三角形其中的两个旋转90°，将三角形放在矩形当中去讨论面积。
事实上无论是几等分点，所构造出来的四个小三角形△AMD ，△ABN ，△BPC ，△CQD 都是全等的，并且都是90度，那么他们旋转以后所对应的就是两个矩形，如图三中的BN`PC 和CM`DQ 。
而矩形的面积恰好和中间正方形的面积有联系（想想看，是怎样用N 等分点去证明面积比例的）于是顺理成章当N 等于4的时候，去构造一个类似的网格，第一问就出来了。
至于第二问和裁剪问题沾点边，完全就是这个技巧方法的逆向思考，重点就在于找出这个多边形是由哪几部分构成。
于是按下图，连接BC ，截外接矩形为两个全等的直角三角形，然后旋转即可。
说白了，这种带网格的裁剪题，其实最关键的地方就在于网格全是平行线，利用平行线截线段的比例性质去找寻答案。
【解析】CP G DQH M N FBEADCBA四边形MNPQ 与正方形ABC D 的拼接后的正方形是正方形ABC D ． 面积比是917．【例4】2010，海淀，一模阅读：如图1，在A B C ∆和DEF ∆中，90ABC D EF ∠=∠=︒,,AB D E a ==BC EF b ==()a b <,B 、C 、D 、E四点都在直线m 上，点B 与点D 重合.连接AE 、FC ，我们可以借助于ACE S ∆和FCE S ∆的大小关系证明不等式：222a b ab +>（0b a >>）.证明过程如下:∵.BC b BE a EC b a ===-，，图1m F E C B(D)A D 图2mFE C BA∴11(),22ACE S EC AB b a a ∆=⋅=-11().22FCE S EC FE b a b ∆=⋅=-∵0b a >>, ∴FCE S ACE S ∆∆>. 即11()()22b a b b a a->-.∴22b ab ab a ->-. ∴222a b ab +>. 解决下列问题：（1）现将△D EF 沿直线m 向右平移，设()BD k b a =-,且01k ≤≤.如图2,当B D E C=时, k = .利用此图,仿照上述方法,证明不等式：222a b ab +>（0b a >>）.（2）用四个与A B C ∆全等的直角三角形纸板进行拼接，也能够借助图形证明上述不等式.请你画出一个示意图，并简要说明理由.【思路分析】本题是均值不等式222a b ab +>的一种几何证明方法。