金融学课件-university_of_Saskatchewan公司财务导论7

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公司金融 学生参考PPT课件

公司金融 学生参考PPT课件

传统理财阶段: 资金筹集
综合理财阶段: 资金内部控制
现代理论阶段: 微观宏观相结合
新理财理论阶段: 综合理财阶段
内蒙古财经学院
二、公司制企业
企业的组织形式: 1.个体业主制(Sole Proprietorship) 2.合伙制 (Partnership)企业
➢ 特点:(1)法律方面;(2)财务方面;(3) 纳税方面;(4)规模小,数量多,容易组成, 筹资难,企业的经济寿命有限 。
二、金融机构
国际金融机构(1945):
国际货币基金组织IMF 世界银行WBG :国际开发协会;国际金融公司;多
边投资担保机构。
职责:监察货币汇率和各国贸易情况、提供技 术和资金协助,确保全球金融制度运作正常。
我国的金融机构
三、公司内部环境
公司内部的利息冲突: (1)管理人员与股东之间,是一种委托代理关
公司理财
公司金融环境
金融市场:汇集最后的实物投资者和最后 的资本累积者,并通过市场价格机制作用 将社会的积累资金分配到最高效率投资上 的场所。
参与者:个人(家庭)、非金融性企业、 政府、中央银行、各类商业性金融机构。
一、金融市场
货币市场:向企业提供1年以内的短期信贷 以及从事不超过1年的短期证券交易和票据 贴现业务的短期资金市场。
➢集中在思想与技巧两大方面 马柯维茨;威廉·夏普;默顿·米勒 莱克-休尔斯;罗伯特·默顿 斯蒂芬·罗斯;尤金·法玛 麦克尔·詹森;罗伯特·希勒
内蒙古财经学院
一、公司金融的产生和发展
大陆起源说、 海上起源说、 综合起源说;
原始公司、近 代公司和现代 公司
内蒙古财经学院
一、公司金融的产生和发展
公司金融
三、公司目标与金融市场

公司理财导论(ppt67张)

公司理财导论(ppt67张)

“一个企业所做的每一个决定都有其 财务上的含义,而任何一个对企业财 务状况产生影响的决定就是该企业的 财务决策。因此,从广义上讲,一个 企业所做的任何事情都属于公司理财 的范畴。”
——达摩达兰
传说



在很久很久以前,一个主人雇了三个忠实的仆人 一次,主人要出远门一年,他把自己的全部积蓄(30 枚金币)交给三位仆人保管,每人10枚 一年后,当主人回到家,三位仆人如下汇报 A:我把金币埋在安全的地方,现在完好无损 B:我把金币借给别人,现在连本带利共有11枚 C:我用金币去做生意,现在共有14枚 问题:哪位仆人值得赞扬?


要求: 关注一家上市公司 每人(或以小组为单位)对一家上市公 司的财务状况、投资、融资、公司治理 等予以关注,进行课堂交流。

财务管理与会计学科体系中其他课程之 间的关系

该课程需要的背景知识 会计学基础、经济学知识、管理学背景、 金融学知识
《财务管理》是考研、职称考试、资格考试中的 必考科目 CPA 考试科目(6+1): 第一阶段:专业考试 会计、审计、财务成本管理、税法、经济法、 公司战略与风险管理 第二阶段:综合考试

公司制:现代企业最重要的组织形式, 公司是一个独立的“法人” 公司章程 P7 三类直接利益主体:股东、董事、高 层管理人员

中级会计师考试科目: 经济法、会计实务、财务管理
国际上与财务管理相关的各种资格认证考试 (CFA、CFP)陆续登陆中国 2008年CFA学员平均薪资 CFA一级学员收入:基本薪金RMB240,000加上 奖金RMB102,400, 总计年收入为RMB342,400

CFA二级学员收入:基本薪金RMB436,000加上奖 金RMB156,000, 总计年收入为RMB592,000 CFA三级学员收入:基本薪金RMB514,800加上奖 金RMB423,600, 总计年收入为RMB938,400

university of Saskatchewan公司财务导论(金融学)9

university of Saskatchewan公司财务导论(金融学)9

Average net income = ($105 + 30 + 0)/3 = $45
Fall 2003 COMM 203 13
Average Accounting Return Illustrated (concluded)
• Average book value: Initial investment = $240 Average investment = ($240 + 0)/2 = $120
• •
PI rule: If PI > 1, accept. Otherwise, reject. If the initial investment is a net cash outflow, then
PI 1 NPV 0
Fall 2003
COMM 203
15
Profitability Index Illustrated
VFirm =∑PV (projects) • zero NPV => investors could receive equivalent cash flows (dollar returns) by investing in financial assets with similar risk negative NPV => investor could receive more cash flows (dollar returns) by … positive NPV => investing in this project increases the firm value => increases shareholders’ net wealth
COMM 203 3

最新university_of_Saskatchewan公司财务导论(金融学)8精品资料

最新university_of_Saskatchewan公司财务导论(金融学)8精品资料
stock clientele
Fall 2003
COMM 203
5
Fundamental Principle of Valuation
The value today of any financial asset equals the present value of all of its future cash flows.
Fall 2003
COMM 203
2
Features of Common Stock
• Dividends ➢ Not a liability until declared by the Board of Directors ➢ Unlike interest on debt, dividends are not tax deductible to the firm ➢ However, shareholder receipt of dividends does have preferential tax treatment (See Chapter 2)
Stock Valuation
Features of Common Stock
• Features of Common Stock ➢ The right to vote - including major events like takeovers ➢ The right to share proportionally in dividends paid ➢ The right to share proportionally in assets remaining after liabilities have been paid, in event of a liquidation ➢ The preemptive right

university of Saskatchewan公司财务导论(金融学)10

university of Saskatchewan公司财务导论(金融学)10

Fall 2003
COMM 203
8
Example: Using Pro Formas for Project Evaluation (continued)
• Project Cash Flows
0 OCF Chg. NWC Cap. Sp. Total -10,000 -21,000 -31,000 $12,280 $12,280 $22,280 1 $12,280 2 $12,280 3 $12,280 10,000
Fall 2003
COMM 203
18
Example: Fairways Equipment and Operating Costs
Two golfing buddies are considering opening a new driving range, the “Fairways Driving Range” (motto: “We always treat you fairly at Fairways”). Because of the growing popularity of golf, they estimate the range will generate rentals of 20,000 buckets of balls at $3 a bucket the first year, and that rentals will grow by 750 buckets a year thereafter. The price will remain $3 per bucket. The required rate of return is 15%
12
A/R INV -A/P
NWC
Fall 2003

公司理财导论(ppt38页).pptx

公司理财导论(ppt38页).pptx

© Lizzie., 2012
3
Fundamentals of
Corporate Finance
雷曼兄弟的故事
9th
Edition • 引子:2008年5月21日,纽约,时代华纳中 心。第13届艾拉.W.索恩投资研究会议大厅, 戴维.艾因霍恩走上台:“我的绿灯资本 (Greenlight Capital)正在做空雷曼。而且 我要公开的说,这是一只值得做空的股票, 我还将继续做空下去。”
Corporate Finance
9th Edition
Ross
..Westerfield Jordan
参考书籍
• Ross等,《公司理财》,机械工业出版社 • G. Hawawini,《经理人员财务管理——创造价值的过
程》,机械工业出版社 • R. C. Higgins, 《财务管理分析》,北京大学出版社 • D. R. 爱默瑞,《公司财务管理》(上、下),中国人
• 关键字:绿灯资本、戴维
Ross
..Westerfield Jordan
© Lizzie., 2012
4
Fundamentals of
Corporate Finance
绿灯资本 & 戴维
9th
Edition • 6年之前,同样的大会上,同样是绿灯资本, 同样是戴维,上台公开挑衅一个叫联合资本的 金融公司。第二天一开市,联合资本公司股价 暴跌20%。
Ross
..Westerfield Jordan
• 谁来回答这三个问题:财务经理!
6
Fundamentals of
Corporate Finance
临阵受命的CFO
9th
Edition • 艾琳.卡伦:“金领丽人”,税务律师出身, 没有做过一天会计和公司财务。与大部分华 尔街CFO不同,她较少依赖阅读各种财务数 据制定决策,而是靠与第一线的交易员沟通 获取财务信息。

金融学课件-university_of_Saskatchewan公司财务导论7

金融学课件-university_of_Saskatchewan公司财务导论7

C C C CF P0 1 2 T 1 (1 r1 ) (1 r2 ) (1 rT 1 ) (1 rT )T r1 , r2 ,, rT are called spot ratesobservednow.
• Each coupon as a pure-discount bond
Bond price in 6 months = 40A0.033 +1000/1.033 = $1028.29 HPR = (40+1028.29-964.54)/964.54 = 10.76% Current yield = 40/964.54 = 4.15%, Capital gain yield = (1028.29-964.54)/964.54 = 6.61%
Municipal governments • Default
Fall 2003
COMM 203
3
Valuing a Bond: An Example
• If a bond has five years to maturity, an $80 annual coupon, and a $1000 face value, its cash flows would look like this:
F P0 (1 r )T
• A coupon-bearing bond can be regarded as a portfolio of pure-discount bonds.
Fall 2003 COMM 203 12
Non-constant Interest Rates and Bond Pricing
Time 0 1 2 Coupons $80 $80 Face Value Market Price today = ? • • • How much is this bond worth? Coupon rate? Current yield?

university of Saskatchewan公司财务导论(金融学)1

university of Saskatchewan公司财务导论(金融学)1

Fall 2003COMM 2032Why Study Finance?•Personal well-being¾Spend money smartly, e.g., mortgage, car loan¾Retirement planning¾Planning for your (or your kids) education¾Personal investment•Corporate business decisionsFall 2003COMM 2033ObjectivesWhat is Corporate Finance? Answer will be structuredaround the following questions:•What are the basic decisions of corporate finance?•Who is responsible for decisions concerning corporate finance?•How do corporate financial decisions depend on the legal form of the firm?•What is the economic environment in which(corporate) financial decisions have to be undertaken?•What does modern corporate finance see as an appropriate goal for the firm?Fall 2003COMM 2034What is Corporate Finance ?Corporate finance can be seen as a set of decisions made by a business that affects its finances. The following groups of decisions can be distinguished:•expenditure of funds (“Capital Budgeting ")•sources of funds (“Capital Structure ")•short-term cash flows ("Working Capital Management ")Capital BudgetingBasic Issue : Allocation of funds among alternativeinvestment opportunities.Question : Optimal allocation of funds? => Objective forcapital budgeting (“maximization of the market value of the firm's common stocks" or ???)Capital budgeting decisions are not independent of otherdecisions of the firm like:•Market analysis:¾Forecasts: Input costs, Sales.¾Macroeconomic trends: Interest rates, Exchangerates etc.•R & D decisions.Capital StructureMarket value of a firm corresponds to thevalue of two forms of securities: Bonds (loan agreements) and Stocks (share certificates).Fall 2003COMM 2037Difference: Stocks and BondsQuestion : What is the essential differencebetween stocks and bonds?•Both are contingent claims on the total valueof the firmwhere X: Total value of the firm, and F: Promised payoff (debt) to debtholders.Fall 2003COMM 2038Working Capital ManagementShort term finance: Management of short-term cashflows => Management of gaps of cash in-and outflows.What is managed isFall 2003COMM 2039Decision Makers in Corporate FinanceQuestion : Who is responsible for decisions concerning corporate finance ?The Financial Manager:•His/her objective: Create value:¾Buy assets that generate more cash than theycost¾sell financial instruments that raise more cashthan they cost•His/her position held: Vice president financeFall 2003COMM 20310Hypothetical Organization ChartCash Manager Credit Manager Capital Expenditures Financial PlanningTreasurer Tax Manager Cost AccountingManager Financial AccountingManagerData ProcessingManagerControllerVice President andChief Financial Officer (CFO)President and Chief Operations Officer (COO)Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (CEO)Board of Directors© 1999 McGraw-Hill Ryerson LimitedLegal Forms of CompaniesThere are three legal forms of businessorganization:•Sole Proprietorship •Partnership¾General Partnership ¾Limited Partnership•CorporationSole ProprietorshipFall 2003COMM 20313Partnership (*)General Partnership: all debts, Limited Partnership: equity contributionFall 2003COMM 20314Corporation•Important feature: Separation of Ownership and ControlFall 2003COMM 20315Separation of Ownership and ControlBoard of DirectorsManagementAssetsDebtEquityShareholdersDebtholders© 1999 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Fall 2003COMM 20316Environment of Corporate FinanceEconomic institutions and partners for financialdecisions of the firm .•Financial institutions : Banks, Investmentdealers, insurance companies, pension funds => Financial Intermediation•Money and Capital Markets : Short-term-debt securities (T-bills, bankers acceptance) vs. Long-term securities (long-term debt and shares of stocks)Cash Flows between the Firm andthe Financial MarketsT a x e sFirm Invests in assets (B)Current assets Fixed assetsCash flowfrom firm (C)Financial marketsShort-term debt Long-term debt Equity sharesGovernment(D)Firm issues securities (A)Retainedcash flows (E)Dividends and debt payments (F)© 1999 McGraw-Hill Ryerson LimitedObjective of the Firm•Neoclassical Economics: Profit maximization.¾Problems: Ignores time dimension and thereforeuncertainty of future cash flows•Neolithic Finance: Net Present (NPV) Value maximization.¾Problems: recognizes time dimension but notuncertainty.•“Modern" Finance: Efficient markets for diversification of risk exist.¾Investors will want the firm to make decisionswhich max. current value of its stock.Fall 2003COMM 20319Informational AsymmetriesQuestion:Is the picture of “Modern" corporatefinance too idealistic?•Are markets informationally efficient?¾Insider information ¾Market timing•How do informational asymmetries affect theseparation of ownership and control? ¾Agency ProblemsFall 2003COMM 20320Conflict: Stockholders vs. ManagersPrincipal-Agent Problem : How can shareholders(Principal) design a mechanism which gives managers (Agents) an incentive to work in their interest? =>Reduce agency costs.•Warrants and Stock Option Plans: Managers haveright to buy shares when share price increases ¾Does it work? (financial sense article )•Incentives for stockholders to play active role duringthe annual meeting to elect the board of directors and improve their information.•Take-over threats•Competition in the managerial labour market.Fall 2003COMM 20321Conflict: Stockholders vs. BondholdersSource : Different residual claims contingent upondefault. => Creditors dislike actions which increase leverage and therefore default probability.Tools :•Covenants (investment policy, dividend policy)•Protective Puts (Option to get principal backcontingent upon critical events)•Taking Equity Stakes and Warrant (Hedging ofdefault risk by convertible debt instruments.)。

最新university_of_Saskatchewan公司财务导论(金融学)7精品资料

最新university_of_Saskatchewan公司财务导论(金融学)7精品资料
Bond Valuation and Term Structure of Interest Rates
Definition and Features of Bonds
• A bond is an IOU. • A bond represents a loan made by investors to the
issuer. • The issuer promises to:
➢ Make coupon payments until maturity ➢ Pay the face value at maturity • Coupon rate • Current yield
Fall 2003
COMM 203
1 0.1 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.15 924.18
Alternatively,
P0(Bond)
80
PVAF(0.10,5)
1000 1.15
924.18
Fall 2003
COMM 203
5
Valuing a Bond: Another Example
Assume you have the following information. Seagrams bonds have a $1000 face value. The promised annual coupon is $100. The bonds mature in 20 years.
• What is the bond’s value if the market’s required return on similar bonds is 10%? What are the coupon rate and current yield?

公司金融导论课件

公司金融导论课件
▪ 投资以后,除非破产,企业不能以转让方式收回资金, 投资比较固定
▪ 个体企业对自己的债务负有无限责任,当个人投入企 业的资产不足以抵偿债务时,业主的个人财产也将被 追索,风险较大
▪ 个体企业的寿命最长也就随业主的死亡而告终,因此 企业只能是有限寿命
5
1.1.2 合伙企业
❖ 概念
▪ 合伙企业是指由两人或两人以上共同出资,共同经营, 共同按约定比例享受利润或承担风险的一种契约行为, 这种企业不具有法人地位
12
1.1.3 公司
❖ 缺点
▪ 双重纳税
• 公司在经营活动中获得的利润要交公司所得税 • 股东分红所得还要交个人所得税
▪ 股票上市的公司要定期公布财务报表 ▪ 政府对公司的法律管制也较严密
思考: 公司的金融活动与其他两种企业形式区别在哪里
13
1.1.3 公司
❖ 公司金融活动的复杂性
▪ 在筹资(资金的融入)方面
18
1.2.2 每股盈余最大化
❖ 优点
▪ 反映了所投资本与所获利润之间的对应关系
❖ 缺点
更多的再投资用于有利可图的投资机会
14
1.2 公司金融的目标
15
1.2.1 利润最大化
❖ 含义
▪ 强调企业的利润额在一定的时间内达到最大
❖ 合理性
▪ 公司是盈利性经济组织,利润是企业生存和发展的必 要条件,追求利润是企业和社会经济发展的重要,企 业新创造的财富就越多
第1章 公司金融导论
1
本章教学内容
1.1 企业的组织形式 1.2 公司金融的目标 1.3 公司金融的内容
1.4 公司金融的环境
2
1.1 企业的组织形式



公司财务学导论(PPT 44页)

公司财务学导论(PPT 44页)
委托—代理关系也是社会化大生产的产 物。
在公司这种现代企业制度下,存在主要 代理关系:股东与经营者;债权人与股 东。。。
一、股东和经营者
• 公司的经营权和所有权是分离的,股东将企业 • 委托给经营者经营。企业管理者通过采取增加股
票价值的行动,保护了股东的利益。但是现代大 型企业都是股权高度分散的。这意味着企业管理 者控制了企业。 企业管理者为股东尽力了吗?是 否会为了自己的利益牺牲了股东的利益?
• 同时,它也存在着一些缺点: • 1.企业规模一般较小,可筹集的钱有限,
大型的投资活动无法进行;
• 2.业主对企业的债务负有无限的责任,如 果企业破产,业主自己的财产也将被追索 ;
• 企业存续的时间一般较短,企业的寿命仅 限于业主的寿命
(二)合伙制企业(partnership)
• 合伙制企业,是指两人或是两人以上合伙经营的 企业,与个体企业类似,只是所有者人数多一点 而已。合伙制企业按照每个合伙人责任的不同, 又可以分为一般合伙和有限合伙。前者中所有合 伙人都必须共享利润和损失,对企业负有无限的 责任;后者只有一个或多个普通合伙人经营企业 并负有无限责任,拥有企业的主导权,其他有限 合伙人不参加企业的经营,对企业债务的责任仅 限于出资额。在企业成立时必须对每个合伙人权 利与责任予以书面约定,以免由于权利与责任的 不清导致以后的麻烦
代理成本
• 指股东和管理层利益冲突的成本。 • 直接形式:管理层受益,但股东受损的支
出,如MBO,在职消费等,贪污;监督管 理层所需要的支出,如审计。 • 间接形式:公司失去的机会。
企业一般采用监督和激励相结合方法来
促使经理层努力为股东工作,协调股东和 经营者之间的利益。除了公司内部的努力 之外,外部市场也可以起到促进股东目标 和经营者目标靠近的作用。

《公司金融导论》课件

《公司金融导论》课件

借款或发行债券所需要支付的利息。
利息成本
发行股票或债券所产生的费用。
发行成本
税收成本
与筹资相关的税收支出。
违约风险
无法按时偿还借款的风险。
债务资本
公司所承担的债务总额。
要点一
要点二
权益资本
公司所发行的股票总额。
资本结构决策:确定债务和权益资本的合理比例。
债务资本成本
公司为债务融资所支付的利息率。
详细描述
应收账款管理主要关注如何通过合理的信用政策和收款策略,降低坏账风险,提高应收账款的回收率。这包括制定信用政策、评估客户信用、监控应收账款等方面。
总结词:存货管理是营运资金管理的另一个重要环节,它涉及到企业如何通过合理的库存控制和物流管理来降低库存成本和提高运营效率。
公司金融风险管理
06
总结词:操作风险是指因公司内部操作流程、人为错误或系统故障等因素导致的风险。
感谢您的观看
THANKS
《公司金融导论》ppt课件
公司金融概述财务报表与财务分析资本预算与投资决策筹资决策营运资金管理公司金融风险管理
目录
CONTENT
公司金融概述
01
成长阶段
20世纪初,随着资本市场的发展,公司金融开始关注资本结构和股利政策等问题。
创新发展阶段
近年来,随着金融市场的不断发展和企业竞争的加剧,公司金融研究领域也在不断创新和发展。
收益性原则
投资项目应控制在公司可承受的风险范围内。
风险可控原则
符合公司战略原则
资源匹配原则
01
02
04
03
投资项目应与公司的财务、技术和管理资源相匹配。
投资项目必须具有盈利潜力,预期收益率应超过资本成本。
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What if the rate of return is 8%? What if the rate of return is 12%?
• •
Fall 2003
COMM 203
6
Bond Valuation: A Summary
• Bond Value = Present Value of the Coupons + Present Value of the Face Value If the interest rate is constant, Bond Value = C [1 - 1/(1 + r )t]/r + F 1/(1 + r )t where: C = Coupon paid each period r = Rate per period t = Number of periods
Time 0 1 2 Coupons $80 $80 Face Value Market Price today = ? • • • How much is this bond worth? Coupon rate? Current yield?
COMM 203 4
3 $80
4 $80
5 $80 $1000
F = Bond’s face value
Fall 2003 COMM 203 7
Bond Valuation: A Summary (Cont’d)
Some terminology P0(C) < F sell at a discount. P0(C) = F sell at par. P0(C) > F sell at a premium. Inverse relation between bond prices and interest rates Results for constant interest rates If C/F > r, then P0(C) > F. If C/F = r, then P0(C) = F. If C/F < r, then P0(C) < F
Bond Valuation and Term Structure of Interest Rates
Definition and Features of Bonds

• •
A bond is an IOU.
A bond represents a loan made by investors to the issuer. The issuer promises to: Make coupon payments until maturity Pay the face value at maturity
Fall 2003
Valuing a Bond: An Example (Cont’d)
• If the going rate on bonds like this one is 10%, then this bond has a market value of $924.18.
P0(Bond ) PV(Bond C F) 80 80 80 80 80 1000 2 3 4 5 1 0.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.15 924.18
COMM 203 8

Fall 2003
Holding Period Returns of Bonds
• Dollar returns from holdind Coupon income Capital gain/loss
• One-period holding period return C ouponIncome C apitalgain (or loss) HPR P0 P0
Municipal governments • Default
Fall 2003
COMM 203
3
Valuing a Bond: An Example
• If a bond has five years to maturity, an $80 annual coupon, and a $1000 face value, its cash flows would look like this:
• •
Coupon rate Current yield
Fall 2003
COMM 203
2
Definition and Features of Bonds
• Bond issuers
Federal government Private Corporations
Government agencies (in the US)
1000 P0 (Bond ) 80 PVAF(0.10,5) 924.18 5 1.1
Fall 2003 COMM 203 5
Alternatively,
Valuing a Bond: Another Example
Assume you have the following information. Seagrams bonds have a $1000 face value. The promised annual coupon is $100. The bonds mature in 20 years. • What is the bond’s value if the market’s required return on similar bonds is 10%? What are the coupon rate and current yield?
current yield capitalgain yield
Fall 2003 COMM 203 9
Coupon Bond Valuation: Another Example
Consider a 2 year U.S. Treasury Note with annual coupon rate of 8% (coupon paid semiannually) and face value $1000. Suppose the bond yield is 10%. • What is the fair price for you to buy the T-Note today? The proper discount rate is 5% per six months
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