Single-phase earth fault current distribution between optical fiber composite overhead ground w

UL1363最新中文版

第三版，2007年5月2日更新Summary of TopicsRevision pages have been issued for the Standards for Relocatable Power Taps, UL 1363, to incorporate the proposal dated May 21, 2012 and August 8, 2012. This proposal includes the following:•Replace oil type No. 1 Fuel Oil with IRM 902 oil for conditioning of cord tags for markings.主题总结为与2012年5月21日和2012年8月8日的提案结合，UL1363可移动接地拖板标准发布了本修订页。

本提案包括以下内容：用IM902代替1号燃油来调节软线商标标签。

Text that has been changed in any manner or impacted by UL’s electronic publishing system is marked with a vertical line in the margin. Changes in requirements are marked with a vertical line in the margin and are followed by an effective date note indicating the date of publication or the date on which the changed requirement becomes effective.以任何方式更改或是按照UL电子出版系统压缩的文本都已用竖线在空白处标出。

电气工程常见英文缩写

电气工程常见英文缩写、全称（随查-有用）AC alternating current 交流电AC automatic control 自动控制ACA accident consequence assessment 事故后果评价ACB air circuit breaker 空气断路器ACC accident 故障、事故ACCUM accumulate accumulate 累计、蓄电池ACDS acourtic crack detection system 声裂纹检测系统ACT/S active side 带电部件、有功部件ACW anti-clockwise 反时针方向ACW anti-clockwise 反时针方向AD analog-digital 模拟-数字AEOD analysis and evaluation of operational data 运行数据分析和管理AFC automatic frequency control automatic following control 自动频率控制：自动跟踪控制AI artificial intelligence 人工智能ALT alternate 交变的、交替的ALTNTR alternator 同步发电机AM ammeter 电流表AMP ampere 安培AN air natural cooled 空气自然冷却AOC automatic overload control 自动过载控制APC automatic plant coordinate control automatic power control 机组自动协调控制：自动功率控制APP appendix auxiliary power plant 附录：辅助电源设备APS acessory power supply 辅助电源APU auxiliary power unit 辅助动力装置：辅助电源设备ARM armature 电枢、衔铁ASR automatic speed run up 自动升速ASU automatic synchronizing unit 自动同步系统AT auxiliary transformer 辅助变压器AUS auxiliary switch 辅助开关AUX auxiliany 辅助、备用AVL automatic voltage control 自动电压控制AVR automatic voltage regulator 自动调压器BAT battery 电池BD block decrease 闭锁减BDUC bus duct 母线导管、母线沟BDV blowdown voltage 击穿电压BF back feed 反馈BHP brake horse power 制动马力BI block increase 闭锁增BKR breaker 断路器BOS back-out system 补偿系统BOT build-operate-tranfer 建造-运行-移交BR brush 电刷、刷子BRKG breaking 断开BYC battery charger 电池充电器CA compressed air 压缩空气CAOS completely automatic operate system 全自动操作系统CAP capactty 电容、出力、容量CAP capacity 容量、功率CATS computer-aided trouble-shooting 计算机辅助故障查寻CB control buton circuit breaker circuit board 控制钮：线路断路器：电路板CBL line circuit breaker 线路断路器CC charactevistic curve 特性曲线CCW counter-clockwise 反时针CD control desk 控制台CEMF cownta electromotive force 反电动势CG center of gravity 重心CHGR charger 充电器CKT circuit 电路、线路CKW clockwise 顺时针方向CL center line 中心线CLSG closing 关闭、合闸CMR continuous maxinum rating 连续最大功率CNDN condition 工况、参数CO con-out 关闭、切断COEF coefficient 系数CONST constans construction 常数：构造、结构CONT contact control 接点：调节、控制CP control panel 控制板CPD capacitor potential device 电容器分压器CRT cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管CRT circuit 回路CS controlled switch controll signal 控制开关：控制信号CT current transformer 电流互感器CW clockwise 顺时针方向CY cycle 循环、周期DB distribution box 配电箱DBMS data base management system 数据库管理系统DC direct current 直流电DCAS data collection and analysis system 数据收集分析系统DE digital equipment display equipment 数字元件：显示设备DELIV deliver 供给、供电/输出DG diesel generator 柴油发电机DG diesel generator 柴油发电机DHP delivered horse power 输出功率DI data input 数据输入DISC disconnect 断开DISC SW disconnect swtich 隔离开关DISTR diatribution 分散、分配、配电DL data line 数据传输线DMM digital multimeter 数字万用表DMS data management system 数据管理系统DO diesel oil 柴油DO digital output 数字输入DOS dosing 量DPDT double-pole double-throw 双刀双掷开关DPST double-pole sigle-throw 双刀单掷开关DSCH discharge 放电DSL diesel 柴油机DSL line desconnect switch 隔离开关DT dawn time 故障停机时间DTS data transimission 数据传输系统DYNA dynamic analysis 动态分析E.U engineering units 工程单位E/P electrical to pneumatic converter 电动气动转换器EAF equivalent available factor 等效可运系数ECR economical continuous rating 经济连续出力EE electrical engineer 电气工程师EFF efficiency 效率EFFT effective 有效的EHV extra-high voltage 超高压ELEC electric 电气的EMER emergency 紧急、事故EMER emergency 事故保安EMF inductive electromotive force 感应电动势EMLON emergency condition 事故状态EMP eletromechanical power 机电功率EMS emergency switch 紧急开关、事故按钮ENCL enclose 封闭、包围ENER energize 励磁、使带电ENERD energized 已励磁的、已带电的ENG engage 发动机EP extreme power 极限功率ESD emergency shutdown 事故停机ESS essential service system 主要厂用系统ETS electrical trip solenoid 电气跳闸线圈EXC exciter 励磁机、励磁EXD external device 外部设备EY voltage transducer 电压变送器FB fuse block 保险盒FC fast closing 快关F-F flip-flop 触发器FL full load 满负荷FLF flip-flop 触发器FME frequency measuring equipment 频率计FP full power 满功率FREQ frequency 频率FU fuse 保险丝、熔断器FWR full-wave rectifier 全波整流器GEN generator 发电机GIS gas-insulated metal-enclosed switch gear 全封闭组合电器GPT generator potential transformer 发电机电压互感器GRD ground 接地GRD FLT ground fault 接地故障GT grounding transformer 接地变压器HC holding coil 保持线圈HF high frequency 高频HG harmonic generator 谐波发生器HIPOT high potential test 高电压实验HLDG holding 保持HP horse power 马力HS hand switch 手动开关HT high tension 高压HTN high tension 高电压HV high voltage 高电压HV high voltage high velocity 高压：高速HVDC high voltage direct current transmission system 高压直流输电系统HVPC high voltage power supply 高电压源I/O input/output 输入/输出IC integrated circuit input circuit 集成电路：输入电路ICL incoming line 引入线IMP impedance 阻抗IMPLS impulse 脉冲、冲动INDN induction 感应INIT initial 启动、励磁INITD initiated 已励磁的、已启动的INSUL insulate 绝缘、隔热INTMT intermediate 间断的、间歇的INVR inverter 逆变器、反相器ISLN isolation 隔离开关ISOL isolation 隔离的、绝缘的JY watt transduce 有功变送器K kilo 千KW kilowatt 千瓦KWH kilowatt-hour 度L electrical power line 电线LA lightening arrester 避雷器LC load centre 负荷中心LC load center 负荷中心LDS line disconnecting switch 线路隔离开关、线路断路器LN line 线路LOC local 就地LPC linear power controller 线性功率放大器LR line relay 线性继电器LSIC large scale integrated circuit 大规模集成电路LV low voltage 低电压MAG magnet 磁铁/磁场的MAN manual 手动的MC manual control magnet contactor 人工控制：磁铁开关MCB molded case circuit breaker 模板式断路器MCC motor control centre 马达控制中心MCC motor control center 马达控制中心MCR main control room maxium capacity rating maxium continuous rating 主控室：最大额定出力：最大连续出力MDS motor disconnect switch 马达隔离开关MG motor generator 电动发电机ML mechanical loss 机械损失MNXFMR main transformor 主变压器MO motor 马达MOD motor operated disconnect 电动断开MPR motor protrelay 电机保护继电器MSTR motor starter 马达启动器MWE megawatt electric 兆瓦电MWH megawatt-hour 兆瓦小时NADVD not advanced 滞后NEG negative 阴极的、负的NET network 网络NEUT neutral 中性的NGT neutral groundong transformer 中性点接地变压器NL noload 空载、无负荷NOM nominal 额定的NRP normal rated power 额定功率O&R overhaul and repair 大小修OA operator auto mode 运行人员监控下的自动控制运行方式OL motor overload device 电机过负荷装置OP output power operating procedure 输出功率：运行规程OPER operating 操作OR operating record 停运记录OVHL overhaul 大修P.O. power output 功率输出P.U. per unit 标幺值PA power amplifier 功率放大器PAMS post-accident montoring instrumentation 事故后监测仪表PB push button 按钮开关PC power center 动力中心PCB power circuit breaker 功率继电器PCC power conditioning and control 电力调节与控制PCM pulse-code modulation 脉冲编码调制PD potenial difference power driven 电位差：电动的PE power equipment 发电综合控制PF power factor indicator 功率因数PFI power factor indicator 功率因数表PGCC power generation control complex 相位PH phase 功率输入PI power input 峰值负荷PK peak 峰值PL plate 板、极板PL peak load 峰值负荷PLD payload 有效负载PM phase midulation 调相PO power operator 电动操作POH planned outage hours 计划停运小时POOH planned overhaul outage hours 计划大修停运小时POS positive 正的、正极的POS position 位置POT potential transformer 电势、电位计PP peak power 峰值功率PPS plant protective system primary protection system 电厂保护系统：一次保护系统PS power station power supply power system 电站：电源：电力系统PSS power support stabilizer 电力系统稳定器PT potential transformer 电压互感器PT potential transformer 电压互感器PT pressure transducer 压力变送器PWR power 功率Q transistor 晶体管QA quick acting 快速动作QMQB quick-make quick-break 快通快断R rate rotor ratio 速率：转子：比率系数RA remote auto 远程自动RAM repair and maintenance 检修与维护RB run back 甩负荷RD run down 降负荷RF reserve free 备用ROT rate of turn reserve oil tank 转动速度：备用油箱RP rated power 额定功率RPM revolution per minute 转/分RPS revolution per second 转/秒RS resistor 电阻器RSV reserve 备用RTD resistance temperature device 电阻测量计RU run up 升负荷RU run up 升负荷S/C short circuit 短路SC short circuit 短路SC semi-conductor 半导体SCR silicon-controlled rectifier 可控硅整流器SECT sectional 等级、分级SEN sensor 传感元件、传感器SERV service 工作、厂用SG standby generator 备用发电机SO shut-off 停机、遮断SOE sequence of events 事故顺序记录SOH scheduled outage hours 计划停机时间SOV solenoid -operated valve 电磁阀SP single pole spare 单极：备用SPC system power control 系统电源控制SPDT single-pole double-throw 单刀双掷SR speed reguletor standard rating silicon rectifier 调速器：额定容量：硅整流器SS station service 厂用SS stopping switch 停机开关SST station service transformer 厂用变压器ST starter startup transformer 启动器：启动变压器STA stationary 固定的STAT stator 定子STBY standby 备用STBY stand by 备用STR reserve station service transformer 厂用备用变压器SUBSTA substation 变点站SUPL supervisory 供电、电源SUR surge 冲击、波动SV solenoid valve 电磁阀、滑阀SW switch 开关SW switch 开关、手把SW short wave switch 短波：开关SWBD switchboard 配电SWBD switchboard 开关板、配电盘SWC surge withstand capability 冲击电压承受能力SWGR switchyard 配电装置SWYD switchyard 开关场SY synchroscope 同步指示器SYM symmetrical system 对称系统SYNC synchronize 使---同步SYNCG synchronizing 同步SYNSCP synchroscope 同步指示器SYS system 系统SYST system 系统T&D transimission and distribution 输电与配电T&M testing and maintenance electrical trip and monitoring 实验与维修：电电气跳闸与监视系统TACH tachometer 转速表TASS technique assembly 装配工艺TB therminal board 端子板、终端板TBO time between overhaul 大修间隔TC thermocouple 热电偶TD time delay 延时TD technique data time delay 技术数据：时滞、延时TDC time delay closing 延时闭合TDD time delay on deenerization 延时失励TDE time delay energization 延时激励TDO time delay opening 延时打开TE thermoelectric test equipment 热电的：测试设备TH thermal element 热电偶、热偶元件TIS test instrumentation system thermal insulation system 测试仪表系统：绝缘系统TL total loss total load time limit 总损失：总负荷：时间限制TM time monitor 时间监视器TOT total 总共TP test point time pulse 实验点、测试点：时间脉冲TPDT triple-pole double-throw 三刀双掷开关TR test run transducer 试运行：变送器TRANS transport 运输TRC transmission and reception controller 传输及接收控制器TRIAC triode altermating current switch 三极管交流开关TRU transmit-receive unit 发送接收装置TSI turbine supervisory instrument 汽轮机监视仪表TVM transistor voltmeter 晶体管电压表U unit 机组UAT unit auxiliary transformer 厂用变压器UDF unit derating factor 机组降低出力系数UDG unit derating generation 机组降低出力少发电量UDH unit derating hours 机组降低出力小时UERS unusual event recording system 异常事故记录系统UNDH unit derating hours 机组降低出力小时UNIV universal 通用UNLD unloading 无载的、空载的UO unit operator 机组操作员UOF unplanned outage factor 非计划停运系数UOH unplanned outage hour 非计划停运小时UOR unplanned outage rate 非计划停运率UPS uninterrupted power supply 不停电电源URT unit run time 设备运行时间UST unit station service transformer 厂用变压器UV under voltage 电压不足、低电压UV 电压监察VAR variable 变量VARHM garhour meter 无功电度表VC variable capacitor voltage comparator 可变电容:电压比较器VCB vacuum circuit breaker 真空断路器VCT voltage current transformer 电压电流互感器VENT ventilator 通风VF vriable frequency 可变频率VOLTREG voltage regularor 电压调节器VR variable resistor voltage regulator 可变电阻：稳压器VT vibration testing 振动实验VT voltage time to breakdown 击穿电压时间VTVM vacuum-tube voltmeter 真空管电压表W/O without 没有WDG winding 绕组、线圈WH watt-hour 瓦特小时WHM watthour meter 有功电度表WTR water 水WV working voltage 工作电压WZJ 绝缘监察XDCR transducer 变送器XFER transfer 转换XFMR transfoormer 变压器XMSN transmission 输电XMTR transmitter 变送器XS transfer switch 转换开关YD yard 工作场。

基于多分辨率分析小波鉴定±800kV UHVDC 输电线路内外部故障(IJISA-V3-N3-7)

I.J. Intelligent Systems and Applications, 2011, 3, 47-53Published Online May 2011 in MECS (/)The Identification of Internal and External Faults for±800kV UHVDC Transmission Line Using Wavelet based Multi-Resolution AnalysisShu Hongchun Tian Xincui Dai YuetaoFaculty of Electrical EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming, Yunnan Province, ChinaEmail: kmshc@Abstract— There is a smoothing reactor and DC filterbetween the inverter and the direct current line to form a boundary in the HVDC transmission system. Since this boundary presents the stop-band characteristic to the high frequency transient voltage signals, the high-frequency transient voltage signal caused by external faults through boundary will be attenuated and the signals caused by internal faults will be unchanged. The wavelet analysis can be used as a tool to extract the feature of the fault to classify the internal fault and the external fault in HVDC transmission system. This paper explores the new method of wavelet based Multi-Resolution Analysis for signal decomposition to classify the difference types fault.Index Terms—component, UHVDC transmission line, t boundary unit, Multi-Resolution AnalysisI.I NTRODUCTIONThe first pole of a UHVDC ± 800kV transmission line in the world from Yunnan to Guangdong was put into operation in December 28, 2009. After the commissioning of the second pole and start-up of the entire ± 800 kV system scheduled for 2010, it will become the fundamental transmission link between the southern Chinese provinces of Yunnan and Guangdong. The faults can easily happen in the DC lines because of the extremely long transmission line, high voltage and large capacity. So the fast detection and clearance of faults are important for the security and operation of the UHVDC transmission system [1].A boundary existing in the DC system presents the stop-band characteristic to the high frequency transient on voltage signals [2], so a boundary protection algorithm based on the significant difference of high-frequency transient voltage caused by external or internal faults is proposed.The wavelet transform provides a new approach having capability of analyzing signals simultaneously in time and frequency domain.In this paper, a hybrid algorithm is proposed to distinguish internal faults from external faults. Most studies regarding lightning strokes are for insulation or over-voltage studies, few studies are about the effect of lightning on transient-based protection algorithms [5]. However, it is found that 90% of line faults are caused by lightning strokes, so lightning strokes have serious influence in relay protection. In this paper, the behavior of different transients consisting of lightning stokes and lightning strokes without causing back-flashover in HVDC system is analyzed using the Wavelet based Multi-Resolution Analysis to extract the fault feature vector of high frequency.II.POWER SYSTEM MODELA. The frequency characteristics of the transfer voltage ratioThe Power Systems Computer Aided Design (PSCAD) is used for modeling UHVDC system, as shown in Figs.1. The system used here is a ± 800 kV, 5GW, 12-pulse bipolar system. The line model is 1500 km long frequency dependent model and 6 sub-conductors per bundle. The smoothing reactors installed on the DC line side of the rectifier and the inverters are 400mH. The DC filter in this model is three-tuned filter; the relay is set at the point M; the F1 and F2 are the internal faults on the positive polarity and negative polarity respectively. The external faults, F3 and F4, happen between the rectifier and the smoothing reactor.The boundary composed of the smoothing reactor and three-tuned filter is shown in Figs.2. The voltage of the external fault is defined as U1. The parameter U2 presents the voltage which from external faults passes through the boundary. In this paper, The parameters B1, B2, B3, B4 (the arresters applied on the DC filters), D1 (the arrester of the smoothing reactor) and D2(arrester of the DC bus) are all named as boundary arresters. The rated voltage of the arresters B1, B2is 150 kV. The rated voltage of the arresters B 3, B 4 is 75 kV. The rated voltage of both D 1 and D 2 is 824 kV. UHVDC ± 800kV system model The parameters in the Figs.2 are as follows: L=400 mH, L 1=39.09 mH, L 2=26.06 mH, L 319.545 mH, L 4=34.75 mH, C 1=0.9 μF, C 2=0.9 μF, C 3=1.8μF, C4=0.675 μF.The transfer function of the boundary is defined as112(j )j j j Z HZ Z ωωωω=+（）（）（） (1) and Z 1(j ω) is the impedance of the DC filter, Z 2(j ω) is the impedance of the smoothing reactor. Figs.3 shows the frequency characteristic of the boundary.As illustrated in Figs.3, the boundary composed of the smoothing reactor and three-tuned filter can attenuate the high frequency transient caused by external faults. H(j ω) ≈ 1 at low frequency (less than 100 Hz) but H(j ω)≈ 1 at high frequency (more than 2000 Hz). The curve presents the oscillation of the frequency characteristic, when 1000 Hz < f < 2000 Hz; especially at 600 Hz, 1200Hz and 1800 Hz, H(j ω)>>1. L B B 3C L 3C 4Fighre2. Boundary composed of the smoothing reactor and DC B Sweep characteristics of the boundary element Consider the regulation of the thyristor rectifier ， a current source with 20kHz bandwidth inject into the end of the measurement M as sweep signal. as shown in Fig.4.44210210sin(t)i(t)=t×××× (2) 12j UH U ω=（）(3) Form the Figs.3 and Figs.4, You can see that the boundary components has the high frequency stop-band characteristicsFighre3. Frequency response characteristic of the boundaryTHE FEATURE OF DC LINE FUALTThe process after the fault occurred of the transmission line is divided into three phases: the begging of fault (in the usual sense of the traveling wave process), the transient fault, the fault steady state.The first is the initial wave phase , the fault additional components discharge by line impedance. The electric and magnetic fields along the line which storage the energy can mutual transform into fault current traveling wave and the corresponding fault voltage traveling wave. The voltage at the measured point depends on the line impedance, the DC voltage value before fault occurred and the physical boundary of the reflection coefficient.Fighre2. The fault transient after the initial fault phase, this phaseis the energy of electric and magnetic fields change into each other. The fault transient components including the amount of the transient fault pulse of DC component and the transient transmission line circuit parameters determine the volatility components. These include transient frequency, energy andinformation such as fault distanceWhen a fault after the early transient fault and transient fault, the fault will be stable at steady state. Both sides of the fault current is equal to the setting value of depending on current controller and both sidesof the fault current flows in opposite directions. The rectifier current curve and the inverter side current curve is shown in Figs.4T HE FE ATURE O F DC L I NE FUA LTThe control scheme of HVDC is generally divided into three levels: master control, pole control and bridge control.The bridge control determines the firing instants of valves and produces desirable pulses [6]. The response time of the first level is about 100 ms, and the response time of the third level is about only 3ms. the controlsystem can not respond on the wave phase. When a fault afte r the first prompt, enter the fault transient process, the control system begins to function. It can be seen that the fault transient process is the result of the fault transient response and control transient response interaction. The function of control system is resulting in lower DC voltage level. as shown in Fig 9.In this paper, the influence of control system is taken into account on the performance characteristic of the DC line protection, so the sample length is set at 2 ms, at a 100 kHz sample rate to avoid the transient response of control system.A typical CIGRE DC control system is built in PSCAD / EMTDC, including: rectifier control system for constant current control; inverter side of the control system is mainly for the constant current control, current bias control, set off angle control.Wavelet transform is possible toextract information in time domain by decomposing the transient signal with short scale of window for high frequency band while with long window scale for low frequency band using scale and contrary to Fourier transform. In this paper Wavelet is used to classify the internal fault and the externalfault.in Fig. 7 αinv firing angle for the inverter side, βinv、trigger the lead angle for the inverter side. Unipolar DC transmission line fault transient process, the leg remained normal conduction. With the DC fault current increases, the turn-off angle γ increases. Ignore the off angle measurement of the time,when failure occurs, set off angle control system put into operation immediately, followed by constant current control system in operation, by adjusting the trigger lead angle βinv, reducing the amount of fault current changes. It can be seen from Figure 9, the control system response time is usually 50ms ~ 60ms, after the role of the control system, inverter side of the trigger delay angle αinv stable at nearly 850 or so. Inverter side of the current setting than the rectifier current value by 10%.WAVELET TRASNFORMWavelet transform is possible to extract information in time domain by decomposing the transient signal with short scale of window for high frequency band while with long window scale for low frequency band using scale and contrary to Fourier transform. In this paper Wavelet is used to classify the internal fault and the external fault.MRA (Multi-Resolution Analysis) utilizes DWT as a tool to represent a time varying signal in terms of frequency components. In MRA the original signal is decomposed into several other signals with different scale of resolution.The decomposition of signal g(t) is in terms of scaling function and wavelet function, which can be()120()()()22j j jj j k k j g t c t k d k t k φψ−==−+−∑∑∑ (4) Where the detailed version (high frequency components) of the decomposed signal is generated by the wavelet function wavelet function and the approximation version (low frequency components) ofthe decomposed signal is generated by the scaling function .BOUNDARY PROTECTIONA. DC Line FaultsDue to the electromagnetic coupling existing between the DC transmission lines of two poles, the Karenbauer transform-based phase-modal transformation is adopted to transform the DC voltage signals to line-model voltage signals. In this paper, the line-model voltage is expressed as:1m u u u +=−− (5)In this paper the sampling frequency of 100kHz ，the different resolution levels with their frequency bands is shown in Table1.112341111()()()()N N N NK K K K E d k d k d k d =====+++∑∑∑∑k (6)Where ,,,is the detailed version(high frequency components) and the frequency is 3.125kHz-25kHz.N=500. is the energy of high frequency.1d 2d E 3d 14d 441()NK E a ==∑kWhere is the approximation version (low frequency components) is the energy of low frequency.4a 2E 14/q K E E =B. Commutation FailureCommutation failure is one of the common faults in HVDC system. It will lead the DC voltage decreasing and current increasing at the same time. If taking wrong measure, the continual commutation failure will take place [7].When the three phase short circuit fault or single-phase ground fault occurs on the inverter side, the bus voltage and current of the three-phase AC system will soon decrease and increase, respectively. These sudden changes may lead to commutation failure. One example is given here to illustrate the result of the commutation failure.C. Lightning StrokesLightning can sometimes cause similar transientbehaviors as line faults. Three types of lightning strokesare considered here(lighting strikes the tower causingback-flashover, lightning strikes the tower withoutback-flashover, and lightning strikes directly on theline).The lighting stroke is represented by a current source of negative polarity. A standard 1.2/50 waveform is used in this paper,where 1.2μs and 50μs represent the rise time and falltime of the waveform.The following types of faults with different fault distances and resistances are simulated.DC line fault types: single line to ground fault (L-G), line to line fault (L-L), line to line to ground fault (L-L-G). (internal and external faults) Fault locations: 1 km, 100 km, 500 km, 1000 km. (only internal faults)Fault resistance: 0.1Ω, 1Ω, 10Ω, 100Ω. (internal and external faults)The signal is sampled at 100 kHz ，the fault occurs at 0.505 s. The conditions of commutation failure(CF), lightning strokes causing back-flashover and lightning strokes without back-flashover are also simulated to test the capacity of this protection algorithm . Noise is usually unavoidable during the measurement. White noise with 30 db SNR is added to the DC voltage in this case.The criterion of external fault and internal fault is follows:k>2 , the internal fault k ≤2 , the external faulCONCLUSIONSA novel boundary protection algorithm based on the smoothing reactor and DC filter between the rectifier and the direct current line to form a boundary which presents the stop-band characteristic to the high frequency transient voltage signals is proposed in this paper. Wavelet transform is used for extracting fault transient information and MRA (Multi-Resolution Analysis) is used to distinguish internal faults from the external faults. A The different factors that affect the performance of protection algorithms are considered, such as transients caused by HVDC control system, lightning strokes, high ground fault resistance and the effect of noise. Traveling wave protection is not subject to the control system; first instant when the fault after fault after fault transient process into the control system begins to function. Can be seen, the process is a transient response and control of transient system, the response of the superposition of two physical processes, ultimately resulting in lower DC voltage level, this is conducive to DC low voltage protection. After 50 ~ 60ms, the two sides of the fault current is equal to the respective constant current controller, respectively, the setting value, the difference is equal to 0.1pu. The role of the control system, making the final two races of the current difference is relatively small, to a certain extent, limit the value differential protection criterion for the size of the whole, and thus can not effectively identify the fault outside the AC side.The proposed algorithm shows satisfactory performance under various conditions.A CKNOWLEDGMENTProject Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (50977039,50847043，90610024，50467002，50347026)Project Supported by Yunnan Natural Science Foundation of China(2003GG10，2005F0005Z)．REFERENCES[1]Rashmi A. Keswani, “Identification of fault in HVDCconverters using wavelet based multi-resolutionanalysis,” Nagpur, Maharashtra. pp. 954-959, July 2008.[2]Zhang Baohui, and Duan Jiandong, “ Development on transient-based protection for transmission lines,” Journal of electric powerscience and technology, vol. 23, no. 4, December 2008.[3] C. N. Bhende, S. Mishra, and B. K. Panigahi,“Detection and classification of power quality disturbances using S-transform and modular neural network,” Eletric Power Syetems Research, pp.122-128, 2008. [4]Xiaolei Liu, A. H. Osman, and O. P Malik, “Hybridtraveling wave/boundary protection for monopolar HVDC Line,” IEEE transaction on power delivery, vol.24, no. 2, pp. 569-578, April[5]XU wenhao, LIAO zhiwei, HUANG shaoxian, and WANG gang,“A model of HVDC control system based on Hybrid petrinet,” Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition,Dalia, pp.1-6, December 2005.[6]AI Lin, and CHEN Wei-hua, “Reseach on traveling waveprotection criterion on HVDC transmission line,” Relay, vol. 31. [7]Ai Lin,Chen Weihua. Discussion on line protection ofHVDC transmission line[J]. relay, 2004,32(4):61-63.[8]Yang Qing,Zhao Jie,Sima Wenxia. Lighting back-flashoverperformance of the YUN-GUANG UHVDC transmission lines[J].high voltage engineering, 2008,34(7):1330-1335[9]Zhang Yongji, Sima Wenxia, Zhang Zhijin. Summary of the studyof tower models for lighting protection analysis[J]. High voltage engineering, 2006,32(7):93-97[10]Zhoupeihong, xiumuhong, gudingxie. Study of ±800kV DC System Over—Voltage Protection and InsulationCoordination[J].electric power construction, 2007,28(1):12-18[11]Zhu Yu,Liang xXu,,Min Yong. Simulation of line protection ofHVDC transmission based on PSCAD/EMTDC[J]. modernelectric power, 2006,23(2): 35-38[12]Cao Jifeng，Wang Gang，Zhang Haifeng. Study onProtection Configuration and Optimization of HVDCLine[J]. SOUTHERN POWER SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY.2008，2(3)：26-29[13]Zhoupeihong,xiumuhong,gudingxie. Study of ± 800 kVDC System Over—Voltage Protection and InsulationCoordination[J].electric power construction, 2007,28(1):12-18[14]Zhu Yu,Liang xXu,,Min Yong. Simulation of lineprotection of HVDC transmission based onPSCAD/EMTDC[J]. modern electric power, 2006,23(2):35-38[15]Cao Jifeng，Wang Gang，Zhang Haifeng. Study onProtection Configuration and Optimization of HVDCLine[J].SOUTHERN POWER SYSTEMTECHNOLOGY.2008，2(3)：26-29[16]ZHANG Baohui, HAO Zhiguo, and BO Zhiqian, “Development ofrelay protection for smart grid(1):new principle offault distinction,” Electric Power Automation Equipment, vol. 30,no. 1, pp.1-6, January 2010.[17]Xiaolei Liu, A. H. Osman, and O. P. Malik, “Hybridtraveling wave /boundary protection for monopolar HVDCline,” IEEE transaction on power delivery, vol. 24, no. 2, April2009[18]D. Naidoo, and N. M. Ijum, “HVDC line protection for theproposed future HVDC system,” 2004 internationl conference onpower system, pp.21-24, November 2004.[19]HA Hengxu, and ZHANG Baohui, “The study onidentification of fault and lightning strokes inboundary protection for EHV transmission lines,” Relay,vol. 31, no. 4, pp.1-5, April. 15, 2003.[20]D. Naidoo, and N. M. Ijumba, “A protection systemfor long HVDC transmission lines,” Inaugural IEEEPES 2005, Africa Durban, pp.11-15, July 2005.[21]Luo Haiyun,Fu Chuang. Discussion of the voltagechange rate setting value in traveling wave basedprotection of GGH HVDC line [J]. Southern power systemtechnology, 2008,2(1):14-21Hongchun Shu Born in 1961, male, Ph.D., professor, doctoral s upervisor, work for the new power system protection and fault location, fault recorder, digital signal processing and DSP applications such as teaching and research.Senior member of China Society of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Electrical Engineering, vice chairman of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Electric Power Industry Association executive director, Electrical Industry Association executive director of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Hydropower Association executive director. Long been engaged in power system protection and control of teaching and research work. Protection and fault location in the new, digital signal processing and DSP applications have a more in-depth study. Papers of EI contains more than 110 articles published in academic monographs 3,37national patent applications, authorized 14; presided over the completion of national and provincial level Fund Twelve.26 years in teaching, as the students for theirfriends, always maintaining the dignity of students, Array through their own words and deeds will be "Germany"imperceptibly passed to the students, really do a good job teaching, training nearly100 doctoral, Master; his hard skills, high school as a teacher: teaching, teaching methods continue to improve and update educational ideas, with scientific research feeding time teaching. Scientific research, focusing on "power system protection and control" the direction of research, technological achievements have made significanteconomic and social benefits.Tian Xincui was born in Yunnan Province, China, in 1986. Now is leaning in faculty of electric power engineering at Kunming University of Science and Technology. The tutor is Professor Shu. The research direction is new type of relay and protection and fault location.Dai Yuetao was born in Jiangxi Province, China, in 1987. Now is leaning in faculty of electric power engineering at Kunming University of Science and Technology. The tutor is Professor Shu. The research direction is new type of relay and protection and fault location.。

电气工程常见英文缩写

电气工程常见英文缩写、全称（随查-有用）AC alternating current 交流电AC automatic control 自动控制ACA accident consequence assessment 事故后果评价ACB air circuit breaker 空气断路器ACC accident 故障、事故ACCUM accumulate accumulate 累计、蓄电池ACDS acourtic crack detection system 声裂纹检测系统ACT/S active side 带电部件、有功部件ACW anti-clockwise 反时针方向ACW anti-clockwise 反时针方向AD analog-digital 模拟-数字AEOD analysis and evaluation of operational data 运行数据分析和管理AFC automatic frequency control automatic following control 自动频率控制：自动跟踪控制AI artificial intelligence 人工智能ALT alternate 交变的、交替的ALTNTR alternator 同步发电机AM ammeter 电流表AMP ampere 安培AN air natural cooled 空气自然冷却AOC automatic overload control 自动过载控制APC automatic plant coordinate control automatic power control 机组自动协调控制：自动功率控制APP appendix auxiliary power plant 附录：辅助电源设备APS acessory power supply 辅助电源APU auxiliary power unit 辅助动力装置：辅助电源设备ARM armature 电枢、衔铁ASR automatic speed run up 自动升速ASU automatic synchronizing unit 自动同步系统AT auxiliary transformer 辅助变压器AUS auxiliary switch 辅助开关AUX auxiliany 辅助、备用AVL automatic voltage control 自动电压控制AVR automatic voltage regulator 自动调压器BAT battery 电池BD block decrease 闭锁减BDUC bus duct 母线导管、母线沟BDV blowdown voltage 击穿电压BF back feed 反馈BHP brake horse power 制动马力BI block increase 闭锁增BKR breaker 断路器BOS back-out system 补偿系统BOT build-operate-tranfer 建造-运行-移交BR brush 电刷、刷子BRKG breaking 断开BYC battery charger 电池充电器CA compressed air 压缩空气CAOS completely automatic operate system 全自动操作系统CAP capactty 电容、出力、容量CAP capacity 容量、功率CATS computer-aided trouble-shooting 计算机辅助故障查寻CB control buton circuit breaker circuit board 控制钮：线路断路器：电路板CBL line circuit breaker 线路断路器CC charactevistic curve 特性曲线CCW counter-clockwise 反时针CD control desk 控制台CEMF cownta electromotive force 反电动势CG center of gravity 重心CHGR charger 充电器CKT circuit 电路、线路CKW clockwise 顺时针方向CL center line 中心线CLSG closing 关闭、合闸CMR continuous maxinum rating 连续最大功率CNDN condition 工况、参数CO con-out 关闭、切断COEF coefficient 系数CONST constans construction 常数：构造、结构CONT contact control 接点：调节、控制CP control panel 控制板CPD capacitor potential device 电容器分压器CRT cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管CRT circuit 回路CS controlled switch controll signal 控制开关：控制信号CT current transformer 电流互感器CW clockwise 顺时针方向CY cycle 循环、周期DB distribution box 配电箱DBMS data base management system 数据库管理系统DC direct current 直流电DCAS data collection and analysis system 数据收集分析系统DE digital equipment display equipment 数字元件：显示设备DELIV deliver 供给、供电/输出DG diesel generator 柴油发电机DG diesel generator 柴油发电机DHP delivered horse power 输出功率DI data input 数据输入DISC disconnect 断开DISC SW disconnect swtich 隔离开关DISTR diatribution 分散、分配、配电DL data line 数据传输线DMM digital multimeter 数字万用表DMS data management system 数据管理系统DO diesel oil 柴油DO digital output 数字输入DOS dosing 量DPDT double-pole double-throw 双刀双掷开关DPST double-pole sigle-throw 双刀单掷开关DSCH discharge 放电DSL diesel 柴油机DSL line desconnect switch 隔离开关DT dawn time 故障停机时间DTS data transimission 数据传输系统DYNA dynamic analysis 动态分析E.U engineering units 工程单位E/P electrical to pneumatic converter 电动气动转换器EAF equivalent available factor 等效可运系数ECR economical continuous rating 经济连续出力EE electrical engineer 电气工程师EFF efficiency 效率EFFT effective 有效的EHV extra-high voltage 超高压ELEC electric 电气的EMER emergency 紧急、事故EMER emergency 事故保安EMF inductive electromotive force 感应电动势EMLON emergency condition 事故状态EMP eletromechanical power 机电功率EMS emergency switch 紧急开关、事故按钮ENCL enclose 封闭、包围ENER energize 励磁、使带电ENERD energized 已励磁的、已带电的ENG engage 发动机EP extreme power 极限功率ESD emergency shutdown 事故停机ESS essential service system 主要厂用系统ETS electrical trip solenoid 电气跳闸线圈EXC exciter 励磁机、励磁EXD external device 外部设备EY voltage transducer 电压变送器FB fuse block 保险盒FC fast closing 快关F-F flip-flop 触发器FL full load 满负荷FLF flip-flop 触发器FME frequency measuring equipment 频率计FP full power 满功率FREQ frequency 频率FU fuse 保险丝、熔断器FWR full-wave rectifier 全波整流器GEN generator 发电机GIS gas-insulated metal-enclosed switch gear 全封闭组合电器GPT generator potential transformer 发电机电压互感器GRD ground 接地GRD FLT ground fault 接地故障GT grounding transformer 接地变压器HC holding coil 保持线圈HF high frequency 高频HG harmonic generator 谐波发生器HIPOT high potential test 高电压实验HLDG holding 保持HP horse power 马力HS hand switch 手动开关HT high tension 高压HTN high tension 高电压HV high voltage 高电压HV high voltage high velocity 高压：高速HVDC high voltage direct current transmission system 高压直流输电系统HVPC high voltage power supply 高电压源I/O input/output 输入/输出IC integrated circuit input circuit 集成电路：输入电路ICL incoming line 引入线IMP impedance 阻抗IMPLS impulse 脉冲、冲动INDN induction 感应INIT initial 启动、励磁INITD initiated 已励磁的、已启动的INSUL insulate 绝缘、隔热INTMT intermediate 间断的、间歇的INVR inverter 逆变器、反相器ISLN isolation 隔离开关ISOL isolation 隔离的、绝缘的JY watt transduce 有功变送器K kilo 千KW kilowatt 千瓦KWH kilowatt-hour 度L electrical power line 电线LA lightening arrester 避雷器LC load centre 负荷中心LC load center 负荷中心LDS line disconnecting switch 线路隔离开关、线路断路器LN line 线路LOC local 就地LPC linear power controller 线性功率放大器LR line relay 线性继电器LSIC large scale integrated circuit 大规模集成电路LV low voltage 低电压MAG magnet 磁铁/磁场的MAN manual 手动的MC manual control magnet contactor 人工控制：磁铁开关MCB molded case circuit breaker 模板式断路器MCC motor control centre 马达控制中心MCC motor control center 马达控制中心MCR main control room maxium capacity rating maxium continuous rating 主控室：最大额定出力：最大连续出力MDS motor disconnect switch 马达隔离开关MG motor generator 电动发电机ML mechanical loss 机械损失MNXFMR main transformor 主变压器MO motor 马达MOD motor operated disconnect 电动断开MPR motor protrelay 电机保护继电器MSTR motor starter 马达启动器MWE megawatt electric 兆瓦电MWH megawatt-hour 兆瓦小时NADVD not advanced 滞后NEG negative 阴极的、负的NET network 网络NEUT neutral 中性的NGT neutral groundong transformer 中性点接地变压器NL noload 空载、无负荷NOM nominal 额定的NRP normal rated power 额定功率O&R overhaul and repair 大小修OA operator auto mode 运行人员监控下的自动控制运行方式OL motor overload device 电机过负荷装置OP output power operating procedure 输出功率：运行规程OPER operating 操作OR operating record 停运记录OVHL overhaul 大修P.O. power output 功率输出P.U. per unit 标幺值PA power amplifier 功率放大器PAMS post-accident montoring instrumentation 事故后监测仪表PB push button 按钮开关PC power center 动力中心PCB power circuit breaker 功率继电器PCC power conditioning and control 电力调节与控制PCM pulse-code modulation 脉冲编码调制PD potenial difference power driven 电位差：电动的PE power equipment 发电综合控制PF power factor indicator 功率因数PFI power factor indicator 功率因数表PGCC power generation control complex 相位PH phase 功率输入PI power input 峰值负荷PK peak 峰值PL plate 板、极板PL peak load 峰值负荷PLD payload 有效负载PM phase midulation 调相PO power operator 电动操作POH planned outage hours 计划停运小时POOH planned overhaul outage hours 计划大修停运小时POS positive 正的、正极的POS position 位置POT potential transformer 电势、电位计PP peak power 峰值功率PPS plant protective system primary protection system 电厂保护系统：一次保护系统PS power station power supply power system 电站：电源：电力系统PSS power support stabilizer 电力系统稳定器PT potential transformer 电压互感器PT potential transformer 电压互感器PT pressure transducer 压力变送器PWR power 功率Q transistor 晶体管QA quick acting 快速动作QMQB quick-make quick-break 快通快断R rate rotor ratio 速率：转子：比率系数RA remote auto 远程自动RAM repair and maintenance 检修与维护RB run back 甩负荷RD run down 降负荷RF reserve free 备用ROT rate of turn reserve oil tank 转动速度：备用油箱RP rated power 额定功率RPM revolution per minute 转/分RPS revolution per second 转/秒RS resistor 电阻器RSV reserve 备用RTD resistance temperature device 电阻测量计RU run up 升负荷RU run up 升负荷S/C short circuit 短路SC short circuit 短路SC semi-conductor 半导体SCR silicon-controlled rectifier 可控硅整流器SECT sectional 等级、分级SEN sensor 传感元件、传感器SERV service 工作、厂用SG standby generator 备用发电机SO shut-off 停机、遮断SOE sequence of events 事故顺序记录SOH scheduled outage hours 计划停机时间SOV solenoid -operated valve 电磁阀SP single pole spare 单极：备用SPC system power control 系统电源控制SPDT single-pole double-throw 单刀双掷SR speed reguletor standard rating silicon rectifier 调速器：额定容量：硅整流器SS station service 厂用SS stopping switch 停机开关SST station service transformer 厂用变压器ST starter startup transformer 启动器：启动变压器STA stationary 固定的STAT stator 定子STBY standby 备用STBY stand by 备用STR reserve station service transformer 厂用备用变压器SUBSTA substation 变点站SUPL supervisory 供电、电源SUR surge 冲击、波动SV solenoid valve 电磁阀、滑阀SW switch 开关SW switch 开关、手把SW short wave switch 短波：开关SWBD switchboard 配电SWBD switchboard 开关板、配电盘SWC surge withstand capability 冲击电压承受能力SWGR switchyard 配电装置SWYD switchyard 开关场SY synchroscope 同步指示器SYM symmetrical system 对称系统SYNC synchronize 使---同步SYNCG synchronizing 同步SYNSCP synchroscope 同步指示器SYS system 系统SYST system 系统T&D transimission and distribution 输电与配电T&M testing and maintenance electrical trip and monitoring 实验与维修：电电气跳闸与监视系统TACH tachometer 转速表TASS technique assembly 装配工艺TB therminal board 端子板、终端板TBO time between overhaul 大修间隔TC thermocouple 热电偶TD time delay 延时TD technique data time delay 技术数据：时滞、延时TDC time delay closing 延时闭合TDD time delay on deenerization 延时失励TDE time delay energization 延时激励TDO time delay opening 延时打开TE thermoelectric test equipment 热电的：测试设备TH thermal element 热电偶、热偶元件TIS test instrumentation system thermal insulation system 测试仪表系统：绝缘系统TL total loss total load time limit 总损失：总负荷：时间限制TM time monitor 时间监视器TOT total 总共TP test point time pulse 实验点、测试点：时间脉冲TPDT triple-pole double-throw 三刀双掷开关TR test run transducer 试运行：变送器TRANS transport 运输TRC transmission and reception controller 传输及接收控制器TRIAC triode altermating current switch 三极管交流开关TRU transmit-receive unit 发送接收装置TSI turbine supervisory instrument 汽轮机监视仪表TVM transistor voltmeter 晶体管电压表U unit 机组UAT unit auxiliary transformer 厂用变压器UDF unit derating factor 机组降低出力系数UDG unit derating generation 机组降低出力少发电量UDH unit derating hours 机组降低出力小时UERS unusual event recording system 异常事故记录系统UNDH unit derating hours 机组降低出力小时UNIV universal 通用UNLD unloading 无载的、空载的UO unit operator 机组操作员UOF unplanned outage factor 非计划停运系数UOH unplanned outage hour 非计划停运小时UOR unplanned outage rate 非计划停运率UPS uninterrupted power supply 不停电电源URT unit run time 设备运行时间UST unit station service transformer 厂用变压器UV under voltage 电压不足、低电压UV 电压监察VAR variable 变量VARHM garhour meter 无功电度表VC variable capacitor voltage comparator 可变电容:电压比较器VCB vacuum circuit breaker 真空断路器VCT voltage current transformer 电压电流互感器VENT ventilator 通风VF vriable frequency 可变频率VOLTREG voltage regularor 电压调节器VR variable resistor voltage regulator 可变电阻：稳压器VT vibration testing 振动实验VT voltage time to breakdown 击穿电压时间VTVM vacuum-tube voltmeter 真空管电压表W/O without 没有WDG winding 绕组、线圈WH watt-hour 瓦特小时WHM watthour meter 有功电度表WTR water 水WV working voltage 工作电压WZJ 绝缘监察XDCR transducer 变送器XFER transfer 转换XFMR transfoormer 变压器XMSN transmission 输电XMTR transmitter 变送器XS transfer switch 转换开关YD yard 工作场高考是我们人生中重要的阶段，我们要学会给高三的自己加油打气。

电力系统专业词汇

电力系统 power system 发电机 generator 励磁 excitation励磁器 excitor 电压 voltage 电流 current升压变压器 step-up transformer 母线 bus 变压器 transformer空载损耗：no-load loss 铁损：iron loss 铜损：copper loss空载电流：no-load current 无功损耗：reactive loss 有功损耗：active loss 输电系统 power transmission system 高压侧 high side输电线 transmission line 高压: high voltage 低压：low voltage 中压：middle voltage 功角稳定 angle stability 稳定 stability电压稳定 voltage stability 暂态稳定 transient stability电厂 power plant 能量输送 power transfer 交流 AC 直流 DC电网 power system落点 drop point 开关站 switch station 调节 regulation 高抗 high voltage shunt reactor 并列的：apposable裕度 margin故障 fault 三相故障 three phase fault 分接头：tap切机 generator triping 高顶值 high limited value 静态 static (state) 动态 dynamic (state) 机端电压控制 AVR 电抗 reactance电阻 resistance 功角 power angle 有功（功率） active power电容器：Capacitor 电抗器：Reactor（1）元件设备三绕组变压器：three-column transformer ThrClnTrans双绕组变压器：double-column transformer DblClmnTrans电容器：Capacitor 并联电容器：shunt capacitor电抗器：Reactor母线：Busbar 输电线：TransmissionLine 发电厂：power plant断路器：Breaker 刀闸(隔离开关)：Isolator电动机：motor（2）状态参数档位：tap position无功损耗：reactive loss 有功损耗：active loss功率因数：power-factor功率：power 功角：power-angle电压等级：voltage grade 空载损耗：no-load loss 铁损：iron loss铜损：copper loss 空载电流：no-load current 阻抗：impedance正序阻抗：positive sequence impedance负序阻抗：negative sequence impedance零序阻抗：zero sequence impedance电阻：resistor 电抗：reactance 电导：conductance电纳：susceptance无功负载：reactive load 或者Qload 有功负载: active load PLoad遥测：YC(telemetering) 遥信：YX 励磁电流(转子电流)：magnetizing current 定子：stator功角：power-angle 上限:upper limit 下限：lower limit并列的：apposable 高压: high voltage低压：low voltage中压：middle voltage 电力系统 power system 发电机 generator 励磁 excitation 励磁器 excitor 变压器 transformer升压变压器 step-up transformer高压侧 high side输电系统 power transmission system 输电线 transmission line固定串联电容补偿fixed series capacitor compensation稳定 stability 电压稳定 voltage stability 功角稳定 angle stability暂态稳定 transient stability 能量输送 power transfer 交流 AC装机容量 installed capacity电网 power system 落点 drop point开关站 switch station双回同杆并架 double-circuit lines on the same tower变电站 transformer substation补偿度 degree of compensation高抗 high voltage shunt reactor无功补偿 reactive power compensation 故障 fault 调节 regulation裕度 magin 三相故障 three phase fault 故障切除时间 fault clearing time 极限切除时间 critical clearing time切机 generator triping高顶值 high limited value 强行励磁 reinforced excitation线路补偿器 LDC(line drop compensation) 机端 generator terminal静态 static (state) 动态 dynamic (state)单机无穷大系统 one machine - infinity bus system 机端电压控制 AVR下降特性 droop characteristics 斜率 slope 额定 rating变比 ratio参考值 reference value电压互感器 PT 下降率 droop rate仿真分析 simulation analysis传递函数 transfer function框图 block diagram 受端 receive-side 同步 synchronization失去同步 loss of synchronization 阻尼 damping摇摆 swing保护断路器 circuit breaker导纳：admittance档位：tap position电压等级：voltage grade 正序阻抗：positive sequence impedance负序阻抗：negative sequence impedance 零序阻抗：zero sequence impedance三绕组变压器（ThrClnTrans）：three-column transformer双绕组变压器（DblClmnTrans）：double-column transformer电容器：Capacitor 并联电容器：shunt capacitor 电抗器：Reactor 母线：Busbar 输电线：TransmissionLine发电厂：power plant电动机：motor 地刀：Earthing Switch电流互感器：Current Transformer/Sensor（CT）电压互感器：V oltage Transformer/Sensor（VT）电压互感器：Potential Transformer（PT）电流互感器：Current Transformer（CT）SAS：Substation Automation System变电站自动化系统LUI：Local User Interface当地用户界面CPM：Central Processing Module总控CCU：Central Control Unit总控IED：Intelligent Electronic Devices智能设备RMS：Root Mean Square均方根值，有效值SCBO：Select-Checkback-Before-Operate选择-返校-执行DIM：Distributed I/O Modules分布式输入输出FTU：Feeder Terminal Unit 馈线远方终端GIS：Geographic Information System 地理信息系统GPS：global position System 全球定位系统。

电气工程常见的英文缩写

电气工程常见的英文缩写缩写全称中文AC alternating current交流电AC automatic control自动控制ACA accident consequence assessment事故后果评价ACB air circuit breaker空气断路器ACC accident故障、事故ACCUM accumulate accumulate累计、蓄电池ACDS acourtic crack detection system声裂纹检测系统ACT/S active side带电部件、有功部件ACW anti-clockwise反时针方向ACW anti-clockwise反时针方向AD analog-digital模拟-数字AEOD analysis and evaluation of operational data运行数据分析和管理AFC automatic frequency control automatic following control自动频率控制：自动跟踪控制AI artificial intelligence人工智能ALT alternate交变的、交替的ALTNTR alternator同步发电机AM ammeter电流表AMP ampere安培AN air natural cooled空气自然冷却AOC automatic overload control自动过载控制APC automatic plant coordinate control automatic power control机组自动协调控制：自动功率控制APP appendix auxiliary power plant附录：辅助电源设备APS acessory power supply辅助电源APU auxiliary power unit辅助动力装置：辅助电源设备ARM armature电枢、衔铁ASR automatic speed run up自动升速ASU automatic synchronizing unit自动同步系统AT auxiliary transformer辅助变压器AUS auxiliary switch辅助开关AUX auxiliany辅助、备用AVL automatic voltage control自动电压控制AVR automatic voltage regulator自动调压器BAT battery电池BD block decrease闭锁减BDUC bus duct母线导管、母线沟BDV blowdown voltage击穿电压BF back feed反馈BHP brake horse power制动马力BI block increase闭锁增BKR breaker断路器BOS back-out system补偿系统BOT build-operate-tranfer建造-运行-移交BR brush电刷、刷子BRKG breaking断开BYC battery charger电池充电器CA compressed air压缩空气CAOS completely automatic operate system全自动操作系统CAP capactty电容、出力、容量CAP capacity容量、功率CATS computer-aided trouble-shooting计算机辅助故障查寻CB control buton circuit breaker circuit board控制钮：线路断路器：电路板CBL line circuit breaker线路断路器CC charactevistic curve特性曲线CCW counter-clockwise反时针CD control desk控制台CEMF cownta electromotive force反电动势CG center of gravity重心CHGR charger充电器CKT circuit电路、线路CKW clockwise顺时针方向CL center line中心线CLSG closing关闭、合闸CMR continuous maxinum rating连续最大功率CNDN condition工况、参数CO con-out关闭、切断COEF coefficient系数CONST constans construction常数：构造、结构CONT contact control接点：调节、控制CP control panel控制板CPD capacitor potential device电容器分压器CRT cathode-ray tube阴极射线管CRT circuit回路CS controlled switch controll signal控制开关：控制信号CT current transformer电流互感器CW clockwise顺时针方向CY cycle循环、周期DB distribution box配电箱DBMS data base management system数据库管理系统DC direct current直流电DCAS data collection and analysis system数据收集分析系统DE digital equipment display equipment数字元件：显示设备DELIV deliver供给、供电/输出DG diesel generator柴油发电机DG diesel generator柴油发电机DHP delivered horse power输出功率DI data input数据输入DISC disconnect断开DISC SW disconnect swtich隔离开关DISTR diatribution分散、分配、配电DL data line数据传输线DMM digital multimeter数字万用表DMS data management system数据管理系统DO diesel oil柴油DO digital output数字输入DOS dosing量DPDT double-pole double-throw双刀双掷开关DPST double-pole sigle-throw双刀单掷开关DSCH discharge放电DSL diesel柴油机DSL line desconnect switch隔离开关DT dawn time故障停机时间DTS data transimission数据传输系统DYNA dynamic analysis动态分析E.U engineering units工程单位E/P electrical to pneumatic converter电动气动转换器EAF equivalent available factor等效可运系数ECR economical continuous rating经济连续出力EE electrical engineer电气工程师EFF efficiency效率EFFT effective有效的EHV extra-high voltage超高压ELEC electric电气的EMER emergency紧急、事故EMER emergency事故保安EMF inductive electromotive force感应电动势EMLON emergency condition事故状态EMP eletromechanical power机电功率EMS emergency switch紧急开关、事故按钮ENCL enclose封闭、包围ENER energize励磁、使带电ENERD energized已励磁的、已带电的ENG engage发动机EP extreme power极限功率ESD emergency shutdown事故停机ESS essential service system主要厂用系统ETS electrical trip solenoid电气跳闸线圈EXC exciter励磁机、励磁EXD external device外部设备EY voltage transducer电压变送器FB fuse block保险盒FC fast closing快关F-F flip-flop触发器FL full load满负荷FLF flip-flop触发器FME frequency measuring equipment频率计FP full power满功率FREQ frequency频率FU fuse保险丝、熔断器FWR full-wave rectifier全波整流器GEN generator发电机GIS gas-insulated metal-enclosed switch gear全封闭组合电器GPT generator potential transformer发电机电压互感器GRD ground接地GRD FLT ground fault接地故障GT grounding transformer接地变压器HC holding coil保持线圈HF high frequency高频HG harmonic generator谐波发生器HIPOT high potential test高电压实验HLDG holding保持HP horse power马力HS hand switch手动开关HT high tension高压HTN high tension高电压HV high voltage高电压HV high voltage high velocity高压：高速HVDC high voltage direct current transmission system高压直流输电系统HVPC high voltage power supply高电压源I/O input/output输入/输出IC integrated circuit input circuit集成电路：输入电路ICL incoming line引入线IMP impedance阻抗IMPLS impulse脉冲、冲动INDN induction感应INIT initial启动、励磁INITD initiated已励磁的、已启动的INSUL insulate绝缘、隔热INTMT intermediate间断的、间歇的INVR inverter逆变器、反相器ISLN isolation隔离开关ISOL isolation隔离的、绝缘的JY watt transduce有功变送器K kilo千KW kilowatt千瓦KWH kilowatt-hour度L electrical power line电线LA lightening arrester避雷器LC load centre负荷中心LC load center负荷中心LDS line disconnecting switch线路隔离开关、线路断路器LN line线路LOC local就地LPC linear power controller线性功率放大器LR line relay线性继电器LSIC large scale integrated circuit大规模集成电路LV low voltage低电压MAG magnet磁铁/磁场的MAN manual手动的MC manual control magnet contactor人工控制：磁铁开关MCB molded case circuit breaker模板式断路器MCC motor control centre马达控制中心MCC motor control center马达控制中心MCR main control room maxium capacity rating maxium continuous rating主控室：最大额定出力：最大连续出力MDS motor disconnect switch马达隔离开关MG motor generator电动发电机ML mechanical loss机械损失MNXFMR main transformor主变压器MO motor马达MOD motor operated disconnect电动断开MPR motor protrelay电机保护继电器MSTR motor starter马达启动器MWE megawatt electric兆瓦电MWH megawatt-hour兆瓦小时NADVD not advanced滞后NEG negative阴极的、负的NET network网络NEUT neutral中性的NGT neutral groundong transformer中性点接地变压器NL noload空载、无负荷NOM nominal额定的NRP normal rated power额定功率O&R overhaul and repair大小修OA operator auto mode运行人员监控下的自动控制运行方式OL motor overload device电机过负荷装置OP output power operating procedure输出功率：运行规程OPER operating操作OR operating record停运记录OVHL overhaul大修P.O.power output功率输出P.U.per unit标幺值PA power amplifier功率放大器PAMS post-accident montoring instrumentation事故后监测仪表PB push button按钮开关PC power center动力中心PCB power circuit breaker功率继电器PCC power conditioning and control电力调节与控制PCM pulse-code modulation脉冲编码调制PD potenial difference power driven电位差：电动的PE power equipment发电综合控制PF power factor indicator功率因数PFI power factor indicator功率因数表PGCC power generation control complex相位PH phase功率输入PI power input峰值负荷PK peak峰值PL plate板、极板PL peak load峰值负荷PLD payload有效负载PM phase midulation调相PO power operator电动操作POH planned outage hours计划停运小时POOH planned overhaul outage hours计划大修停运小时POS positive正的、正极的POS position位置POT potential transformer电势、电位计PP peak power峰值功率PPS plant protective system primary protection system电厂保护系统：一次保护系统PS power station power supply power system电站：电源：电力系统PSS power support stabilizer电力系统稳定器PT potential transformer电压互感器PT potential transformer电压互感器PT pressure transducer压力变送器PWR power功率Q transistor晶体管QA quick acting快速动作QMQB quick-make quick-break快通快断R rate rotor ratio速率：转子：比率系数RA remote auto远程自动RAM repair and maintenance检修与维护RB run back甩负荷RD run down降负荷RF reserve free备用ROT rate of turn reserve oil tank转动速度：备用油箱RP rated power额定功率RPM revolution per minute转/分RPS revolution per second转/秒RS resistor电阻器RSV reserve备用RTD resistance temperature device电阻测量计RU run up升负荷RU run up升负荷S/C short circuit短路SC short circuit短路SC semi-conductor半导体SCR silicon-controlled rectifier可控硅整流器SECT sectional等级、分级SEN sensor传感元件、传感器SERV service工作、厂用SG standby generator备用发电机SO shut-off停机、遮断SOE sequence of events事故顺序记录SOH scheduled outage hours计划停机时间SOV solenoid -operated valve电磁阀SP single pole spare单极：备用SPC system power control系统电源控制SPDT single-pole double-throw单刀双掷SR speed reguletor standard rating silicon rectifier调速器：额定容量：硅整流器SS station service厂用SS stopping switch停机开关SST station service transformer厂用变压器ST starter startup transformer启动器：启动变压器STA stationary固定的STAT stator定子STBY standby备用STBY stand by备用STR reserve station service transformer厂用备用变压器SUBSTA substation变点站SUPL supervisory供电、电源SUR surge冲击、波动SV solenoid valve电磁阀、滑阀SW switch开关SW switch开关、手把SW short wave switch短波：开关SWBD switchboard配电SWBD switchboard开关板、配电盘SWC surge withstand capability冲击电压承受能力SWGR switchyard配电装置SWYD switchyard开关场SY synchroscope同步指示器SYM symmetrical system对称系统SYNC synchronize使---同步SYNCG synchronizing同步SYNSCP synchroscope同步指示器SYS system系统SYST system系统T&D transimission and distribution输电与配电T&M testing and maintenance electrical trip and monitoring实验与维修：电电气跳闸与监视系统TACH tachometer转速表TASS technique assembly装配工艺TB therminal board端子板、终端板TBO time between overhaul大修间隔TC thermocouple热电偶TD time delay延时TD technique data time delay技术数据：时滞、延时TDC time delay closing延时闭合TDD time delay on deenerization延时失励TDE time delay energization延时激励TDO time delay opening延时打开TE thermoelectric test equipment热电的：测试设备TH thermal element热电偶、热偶元件TIS test instrumentation system thermal insulation system测试仪表系统：绝缘系统TL total loss total load time limit总损失：总负荷：时间限制TM time monitor时间监视器TOT total总共TP test point time pulse实验点、测试点：时间脉冲TPDT triple-pole double-throw三刀双掷开关TR test run transducer试运行：变送器TRANS transport运输TRC transmission and reception controller传输及接收控制器TRIAC triode altermating current switch三极管交流开关TRU transmit-receive unit发送接收装置TSI turbine supervisory instrument汽轮机监视仪表TVM transistor voltmeter晶体管电压表U unit机组UAT unit auxiliary transformer厂用变压器UDF unit derating factor机组降低出力系数UDG unit derating generation机组降低出力少发电量UDH unit derating hours机组降低出力小时UERS unusual event recording system异常事故记录系统UNDH unit derating hours机组降低出力小时UNIV universal通用UNLD unloading无载的、空载的UO unit operator机组操作员UOF unplanned outage factor非计划停运系数UOH unplanned outage hour非计划停运小时UOR unplanned outage rate非计划停运率UPS uninterrupted power supply不停电电源URT unit run time设备运行时间UST unit station service transformer厂用变压器UV under voltage电压不足、低电压UV电压监察VAR variable变量VARHM garhour meter无功电度表VC variable capacitor voltage comparator可变电容:电压比较器VCB vacuum circuit breaker真空断路器VCT voltage current transformer电压电流互感器VENT ventilator通风VF vriable frequency可变频率VOLTREG voltage regularor电压调节器VR variable resistor voltage regulator可变电阻：稳压器VT vibration testing振动实验VT voltage time to breakdown击穿电压时间VTVM vacuum-tube voltmeter真空管电压表W/O without没有WDG winding绕组、线圈WH watt-hour瓦特小时WHM watthour meter有功电度表WTR water水WV working voltage工作电压WZJ绝缘监察XDCR transducer变送器XFER transfer转换XFMR transfoormer变压器XMSN transmission输电XMTR transmitter变送器XS transfer switch转换开关YD yard工作场精品文档。

断路器单相接地保护与配电系统接地方式

产品选用、试验与维修断路器单相接地保护与配电系统接地方式丁军闫曙玲遵义长征电器十一厂(563002)摘要介绍了DW45和DW48等智能化断路器单相接地保护的工作原理。

结合配电系统中T N 、T T 、IT 三种不同的接地制式,阐明了接地保护功能的使用范围、方法及意义。

叙词:单相接地保护接地方式断路器使用范围第一作者丁军,男,1960年生,1982年中央广播电视大学毕业,工程师。

Single Phase Earth Fault Protection of Circuit Breakerand Earthing Pattern of Distribution Power SystemAbstract:T he Single phase earth fault protection of some intelligent circuit br eakers such as DW45and DW 48i s intr bined with the three differ ent earthing patter ns )))T N,T T ,IT in t he distr ibut ion system,the function o f earthing protection and its meaning and use range are described.Key words:single phase earth fault protection earthing patterns circuit breaker use range一、前言在电力系统中,单相接地是一种较为常见的短路故障,其后果不仅危及生命,更容易引起火灾,使事故面扩大。

因此,在使用断路器有效地实现单相接地保护,已成为当今新一代断路器必备的功能之一。

在我国,由上海电器科学研究所以及一些生产厂家相继开发的DW45、DW16和DW48等多种型号的带单相接地保护功能的断路器,可以满足配电系统对接地保护的要求。

电气工程常见地英文缩写

电气工程常见的英文缩写缩写全称中文AC alternating current 交流电AC automatic control 自动控制ACA accident consequence assessment 事故后果评价ACB air circuit breaker 空气断路器ACC accident 故障、事故ACCUM accumulate accumulate 累计、蓄电池ACDS acourtic crack detection system 声裂纹检测系统ACT/S active side 带电部件、有功部件ACW anti-clockwise 反时针方向ACW anti-clockwise 反时针方向AD analog-digital 模拟-数字AEOD analysis and evaluation of operational data 运行数据分析和管理AFC automatic frequency control automatic following control 自动频率控制：自动跟踪控制AI artificial intelligence 人工智能ALT alternate 交变的、交替的ALTNTR alternator 同步发电机AM ammeter 电流表AMP ampere 安培AN air natural cooled 空气自然冷却AOC automatic overload control 自动过载控制APC automatic plant coordinate control automatic power control 机组自动协调控制：自动功率控制APP appendix auxiliary power plant 附录：辅助电源设备APS acessory power supply 辅助电源APU auxiliary power unit 辅助动力装置：辅助电源设备ARM armature 电枢、衔铁ASR automatic speed run up 自动升速ASU automatic synchronizing unit 自动同步系统AT auxiliary transformer 辅助变压器AUS auxiliary switch 辅助开关AUX auxiliany 辅助、备用AVL automatic voltage control 自动电压控制AVR automatic voltage regulator 自动调压器BAT battery 电池BD block decrease 闭锁减BDUC bus duct 母线导管、母线沟BDV blowdown voltage 击穿电压BF back feed 反馈BHP brake horse power 制动马力BI block increase 闭锁增BKR breaker 断路器BOS back-out system 补偿系统BOT build-operate-tranfer 建造-运行-移交BR brush 电刷、刷子BRKG breaking 断开BYC battery charger 电池充电器CA compressed air 压缩空气CAOS completely automatic operate system 全自动操作系统CAP capactty 电容、出力、容量CAP capacity 容量、功率CATS computer-aided trouble-shooting 计算机辅助故障查寻CB control buton circuit breaker circuit board 控制钮：线路断路器：电路板CBL line circuit breaker 线路断路器CC charactevistic curve 特性曲线CCW counter-clockwise 反时针CD control desk 控制台CEMF cownta electromotive force 反电动势CG center of gravity 重心CHGR charger 充电器CKT circuit 电路、线路CKW clockwise 顺时针方向CL center line 中心线CLSG closing 关闭、合闸CMR continuous maxinum rating 连续最大功率CNDN condition 工况、参数CO con-out 关闭、切断COEF coefficient 系数CONST constans construction 常数：构造、结构CONT contact control 接点：调节、控制CP control panel 控制板CPD capacitor potential device 电容器分压器CRT cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管CRT circuit 回路CS controlled switch controll signal 控制开关：控制信号CT current transformer 电流互感器CW clockwise 顺时针方向CY cycle 循环、周期DB distribution box 配电箱DBMS data base management system 数据库管理系统DC direct current 直流电DCAS data collection and analysis system 数据收集分析系统DE digital equipment display equipment 数字元件：显示设备DELIV deliver 供给、供电/输出DG diesel generator 柴油发电机DG diesel generator 柴油发电机DHP delivered horse power 输出功率DI data input 数据输入DISC disconnect 断开DISC SW disconnect swtich 隔离开关DISTR diatribution 分散、分配、配电DL data line 数据传输线DMM digital multimeter 数字万用表DMS data management system 数据管理系统DO diesel oil 柴油DO digital output 数字输入DOS dosing 量DPDT double-pole double-throw 双刀双掷开关DPST double-pole sigle-throw 双刀单掷开关DSCH discharge 放电DSL diesel 柴油机DSL line desconnect switch 隔离开关DT dawn time 故障停机时间DTS data transimission 数据传输系统DYNA dynamic analysis 动态分析E.U engineering units 工程单位E/P electrical to pneumatic converter 电动气动转换器EAF equivalent available factor 等效可运系数ECR economical continuous rating 经济连续出力EE electrical engineer 电气工程师EFF efficiency 效率EFFT effective 有效的EHV extra-high voltage 超高压ELEC electric 电气的EMER emergency 紧急、事故EMER emergency 事故保安EMF inductive electromotive force 感应电动势EMLON emergency condition 事故状态EMP eletromechanical power 机电功率EMS emergency switch 紧急开关、事故按钮ENCL enclose 封闭、包围ENER energize 励磁、使带电ENERD energized 已励磁的、已带电的ENG engage 发动机EP extreme power 极限功率ESD emergency shutdown 事故停机ESS essential service system 主要厂用系统ETS electrical trip solenoid 电气跳闸线圈EXC exciter 励磁机、励磁EXD external device 外部设备EY voltage transducer 电压变送器FB fuse block 保险盒FC fast closing 快关F-F flip-flop 触发器FL full load 满负荷FLF flip-flop 触发器FME frequency measuring equipment 频率计FP full power 满功率FREQ frequency 频率FU fuse 保险丝、熔断器FWR full-wave rectifier 全波整流器GEN generator 发电机GIS gas-insulated metal-enclosed switch gear 全封闭组合电器GPT generator potential transformer 发电机电压互感器GRD ground 接地GRD FLT ground fault 接地故障GT grounding transformer 接地变压器HC holding coil 保持线圈HF high frequency 高频HG harmonic generator 谐波发生器HIPOT high potential test 高电压实验HLDG holding 保持HP horse power 马力HS hand switch 手动开关HT high tension 高压HTN high tension 高电压HV high voltage 高电压HV high voltage high velocity 高压：高速HVDC high voltage direct current transmission system 高压直流输电系统HVPC high voltage power supply 高电压源I/O input/output 输入/输出ICL incoming line 引入线IMP impedance 阻抗IMPLS impulse 脉冲、冲动INDN induction 感应INIT initial 启动、励磁INITD initiated 已励磁的、已启动的INSUL insulate 绝缘、隔热INTMT intermediate 间断的、间歇的INVR inverter 逆变器、反相器ISLN isolation 隔离开关ISOL isolation 隔离的、绝缘的JY watt transduce 有功变送器K kilo 千KW kilowatt 千瓦KWH kilowatt-hour 度L electrical power line 电线LA lightening arrester 避雷器LC load centre 负荷中心LC load center 负荷中心LDS line disconnecting switch 线路隔离开关、线路断路器LN line 线路LOC local 就地LPC linear power controller 线性功率放大器LR line relay 线性继电器LSIC large scale integrated circuit 大规模集成电路LV low voltage 低电压MAG magnet 磁铁/磁场的MAN manual 手动的MC manual control magnet contactor 人工控制：磁铁开关MCB molded case circuit breaker 模板式断路器MCC motor control centre 马达控制中心MCC motor control center 马达控制中心MCR main control room maxium capacity rating maxium continuous rating 主控室：最大额定出力：最大连续出力MDS motor disconnect switch 马达隔离开关MG motor generator 电动发电机ML mechanical loss 机械损失MNXFMR main transformor 主变压器MO motor 马达MOD motor operated disconnect 电动断开MPR motor protrelay 电机保护继电器MSTR motor starter 马达启动器MWE megawatt electric 兆瓦电MWH megawatt-hour 兆瓦小时NADVD not advanced 滞后NEG negative 阴极的、负的NET network 网络NEUT neutral 中性的NGT neutral groundong transformer 中性点接地变压器NL noload 空载、无负荷NOM nominal 额定的NRP normal rated power 额定功率O&R overhaul and repair 大小修OA operator auto mode 运行人员监控下的自动控制运行方式OL motor overload device 电机过负荷装置OP output power operating procedure 输出功率：运行规程OPER operating 操作OR operating record 停运记录OVHL overhaul 大修P.O. power output 功率输出P.U. per unit 标幺值PA power amplifier 功率放大器PAMS post-accident montoring instrumentation 事故后监测仪表PB push button 按钮开关PC power center 动力中心PCB power circuit breaker 功率继电器PCC power conditioning and control 电力调节与控制PCM pulse-code modulation 脉冲编码调制PD potenial difference power driven 电位差：电动的PE power equipment 发电综合控制PF power factor indicator 功率因数PFI power factor indicator 功率因数表PGCC power generation control complex 相位PH phase 功率输入PI power input 峰值负荷PK peak 峰值PL plate 板、极板PL peak load 峰值负荷PLD payload 有效负载PM phase midulation 调相PO power operator 电动操作POH planned outage hours 计划停运小时POOH planned overhaul outage hours 计划大修停运小时POS positive 正的、正极的POS position 位置POT potential transformer 电势、电位计PP peak power 峰值功率PPS plant protective system primary protection system 电厂保护系统：一次保护系统PS power station power supply power system 电站：电源：电力系统PSS power support stabilizer 电力系统稳定器PT potential transformer 电压互感器PT pressure transducer 压力变送器PWR power 功率Q transistor 晶体管QA quick acting 快速动作QMQB quick-make quick-break 快通快断R rate rotor ratio 速率：转子：比率系数RA remote auto 远程自动RAM repair and maintenance 检修与维护RB run back 甩负荷RD run down 降负荷RF reserve free 备用ROT rate of turn reserve oil tank 转动速度：备用油箱RP rated power 额定功率RPM revolution per minute 转/分RPS revolution per second 转/秒RS resistor 电阻器RSV reserve 备用RTD resistance temperature device 电阻测量计RU run up 升负荷RU run up 升负荷S/C short circuit 短路SC short circuit 短路SC semi-conductor 半导体SCR silicon-controlled rectifier 可控硅整流器SECT sectional 等级、分级SEN sensor 传感元件、传感器SERV service 工作、厂用SG standby generator 备用发电机SO shut-off 停机、遮断SOE sequence of events 事故顺序记录SOH scheduled outage hours 计划停机时间SOV solenoid -operated valve 电磁阀SP single pole spare 单极：备用SPC system power control 系统电源控制SPDT single-pole double-throw 单刀双掷SR speed reguletor standard rating silicon rectifier 调速器：额定容量：硅整流器SS station service 厂用SS stopping switch 停机开关SST station service transformer 厂用变压器ST starter startup transformer 启动器：启动变压器STA stationary 固定的STAT stator 定子STBY standby 备用STBY stand by 备用STR reserve station service transformer 厂用备用变压器SUBSTA substation 变点站SUPL supervisory 供电、电源SUR surge 冲击、波动SV solenoid valve 电磁阀、滑阀SW switch 开关SW switch 开关、手把SW short wave switch 短波：开关SWBD switchboard 配电SWBD switchboard 开关板、配电盘SWC surge withstand capability 冲击电压承受能力SWGR switchyard 配电装置SWYD switchyard 开关场SY synchroscope 同步指示器SYM symmetrical system 对称系统SYNC synchronize 使---同步SYNCG synchronizing 同步SYNSCP synchroscope 同步指示器SYS system 系统SYST system 系统T&D transimission and distribution 输电与配电T&M testing and maintenance electrical trip and monitoring 实验与维修：电电气跳闸与监视系统TACH tachometer 转速表TASS technique assembly 装配工艺TB therminal board 端子板、终端板TBO time between overhaul 大修间隔TC thermocouple 热电偶TD time delay 延时TD technique data time delay 技术数据：时滞、延时TDC time delay closing 延时闭合TDD time delay on deenerization 延时失励TDE time delay energization 延时激励TDO time delay opening 延时打开TE thermoelectric test equipment 热电的：测试设备TH thermal element 热电偶、热偶元件TIS test instrumentation system thermal insulation system 测试仪表系统：绝缘系统TL total loss total load time limit 总损失：总负荷：时间限制TM time monitor 时间监视器TOT total 总共TP test point time pulse 实验点、测试点：时间脉冲TPDT triple-pole double-throw 三刀双掷开关TR test run transducer 试运行：变送器TRANS transport 运输TRC transmission and reception controller 传输及接收控制器TRIAC triode altermating current switch 三极管交流开关TRU transmit-receive unit 发送接收装置TSI turbine supervisory instrument 汽轮机监视仪表TVM transistor voltmeter 晶体管电压表U unit 机组UAT unit auxiliary transformer 厂用变压器UDF unit derating factor 机组降低出力系数UDG unit derating generation 机组降低出力少发电量UDH unit derating hours 机组降低出力小时UERS unusual event recording system 异常事故记录系统UNDH unit derating hours 机组降低出力小时UNIV universal 通用UNLD unloading 无载的、空载的UO unit operator 机组操作员UOF unplanned outage factor 非计划停运系数UOH unplanned outage hour 非计划停运小时UOR unplanned outage rate 非计划停运率UPS uninterrupted power supply 不停电电源URT unit run time 设备运行时间UST unit station service transformer 厂用变压器UV under voltage 电压不足、低电压UV 电压监察VAR variable 变量VARHM garhour meter 无功电度表VC variable capacitor voltage comparator 可变电容:电压比较器VCB vacuum circuit breaker 真空断路器VCT voltage current transformer 电压电流互感器VENT ventilator 通风VF vriable frequency 可变频率VOLTREG voltage regularor 电压调节器VR variable resistor voltage regulator 可变电阻：稳压器VT vibration testing 振动实验VT voltage time to breakdown 击穿电压时间VTVM vacuum-tube voltmeter 真空管电压表W/O without 没有WDG winding 绕组、线圈WH watt-hour 瓦特小时WHM watthour meter 有功电度表WTR water 水WV working voltage 工作电压WZJ 绝缘监察XDCR transducer 变送器XFER transfer 转换XFMR transfoormer 变压器XMSN transmission 输电XMTR transmitter 变送器XS transfer switch 转换开关YD yard 工作场。

NORMA 4000 5000 Power Analyzer 用户说明手册说明书

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常用电气短语

AEOD analysis and evaluation of operational data 运行数据分析和管理
AFC automatic frequency control automatic following control 自动频率控制：自动跟踪控制
AI artificial intelligence 人工智能
电力系统继电保护原理 Principle of Electrical System's Relay Protection
电力系统元件保护原理 Protection Principle of Power System 's Element
电力系统内部过电压 Past Voltage within Power system
AC automatic control 自动控制
ACA accident consequence assessment 事故后果评价
ACB air circuit breaker 空气断路器
ACC accident 故障、事故
ACCUM accumulate accumulate 累计、蓄电池
模拟电子技术基础 Basis of Analogue Electronic Technique
数字电子技术 Digital Electrical Technique
电路原理实验Lab. of principle of circuits
电气工程讲座 Lectures on electrical power production
Electromagnetic fields 电磁场
失去同步 loss of synchronization

继电保护专业英语词汇

C cable cable transmission line
call for capacitance capacitor capacitors bank cascade case catenary CB ceiling （crest）voltage change-over changeover relay characteristic equation characteristic impedance charge charge density circuit circuit breaker circuit breaker circuit breaker monitoring clearance clock phase and anti-clock phase clock synchronisation close command close-up fault closing relay closing and opening time closing time codes cold load cold load pickup commissionning common test voltage communication links compatible complex conductance configurable configure connectors
I ideal transformer identification IED immunity to eraledciatrtoesdtaetliecctdriosmchaagrngetic energy impedance impedance relay impedance earthed impedance grounded impulse voltage inductance induction motor inductive inductor industrial substations and co-generation infinite bus inhibition time initialize instantaneous instantaneous instantaneous power instantaneous phase overcurrent instantaneous trip instantaneous trip instrument transformer insulated insulating property insulating string insulating transformer insulation insulation level insulator integrate

智能变电站名词解释个人搜集

智能变电站 smart substation采用先进、可靠、集成、低碳、环保的智能设备，以全站信息数字化、通信平台网络化、信息共享标准化为基本要求，自动完成信息采集、测量、控制、保护、计量和监测等基本功能，并可根据需要支持电网实时自动控制、智能调节、在线分析决策、协同互动等高级功能，实现与相邻变电站、电网调度等互动的变电站。

智能组件 intelligent combination对一次设备进行测量、控制、保护、计量、检测等一个或多个二次设备的集合。

测量单元 measurement unit实现对一次设备各类信息采集功能的元件，是智能组件的组成部分。

控制单元 control unit接收、执行指令，反馈执行信息，实现对一次设备控制功能的元件，是智能组件的组成部分。

保护单元 protection unit实现对一次设备保护功能的元件，是智能组件的组成部分。

计量单元 metering unit实现电能量计量功能的元件，是智能组件的组成部分。

状态监测单元 detecting unit实现对一次设备状态监测功能的元件，是智能组件的组成部分。

智能设备 intelligent equipment一次设备与其智能组件的有机结合体，两者共同组成一台（套）完整的智能设备。

全景数据 panoramic data反映变电站电力系统运行的稳态、暂态、动态数据以及变电站设备运行状态、图像等的数据的集合。

顺序控制 sequence control发出整批指令，由系统根据设备状态信息变化情况判断每步操作是否到位，确认到位后自动执行下一指令，直至执行完所有指令。

站域控制 substation area control通过对变电站内信息的分布协同利用或集中处理判断，实现站内自动控制功能的装置或系统。

站域保护 substation area protection一种基于变电站统一采集的实时信息，以集中分析或分布协同方式判定故障，自动调整动作决策的继电保护。

电气工程常见英文缩写(2)

AC alternating current 交流电AC automatic control 自动控制ACA accident consequence assessment 事故后果评价ACB a ir circuit breaker 空气断路器ACC accident 故障、事故ACCUM accumulate accumulate 累计、蓄电池ACDS acourtic crack detection system 声裂纹检测系统ACT/S active side 带电部件、有功部件ACW anti-clockwise 反时针向ACW anti-clockwise 反时针向AD analog-digital 摹拟-数字AEOD analysis and evaluation of operational data 运行数据分析和管理AFC automatic frequency control automatic following control 自动频率控制：自动跟踪控制AI artificial i ntelligence人工智能ALT alternate 交变的、交替的ALTNTR alternator 同步发机电AM ammeter 电流表AMP ampere 安培AN air natural cooled 空气自然冷却AOC automatic overload control 自动过载控制APC a utomatic p lant coordinate control automatic power control机组自动协调控制：自动功率控制APP appendi* au*iliary power plant 附录：辅助电源设备APS acessory power supply 辅助电源APU au*iliary power unit 辅助动力装置：辅助电源设备ARM armature 电枢、衔铁ASR automatic speed run up 自动升速ASU automatic synchronizing unit 自动同步系统AT a u*iliary transformer 辅助变压器AUS au*iliary switch 辅助开关AU* au*iliany 辅助、备用AVL automatic voltage control 自动电压控制AVR automatic voltage regulator 自动调压器BAT battery 电池BD block decrease 闭锁减BDUC bus duct 母线导管、母线沟BDV blowdown voltage 击穿电压BF back feed 反响BHP brake horse power 制动马力BI block increase 闭锁增BKR breaker 断路器BOS back-out system 补偿系统BOT build-operate-tranfer 建造-运行-移交BR brush 电刷、刷子BRKG breaking 断开BYC battery charger 电池充电器CA pressed air 压缩空气CAOS pletely automatic operate system 全自动操作系统CAP capactty 电容、出力、容量 CAP capacity 容量、功率CATS puter-aided trouble-shooting 计算机辅助故障查寻CB control buton circuit breaker circuit board 控制钮：路线断路器：电路板CBL line circuit breaker 路线断路器CC charactevistic curve 特性曲线CCW counter-clockwise 反时针CD control desk 控制台CEMF cownta electromotive force 反电动势CG center of gravity 重心CHGR charger 充电器CKT circuit 电路、路线CKW clockwise 顺时针向CL center line 中心线CLSG closing 关闭、合闸CMR continuous ma*inum rating 连续最大功率DN condition 工况、参数CO con-out 关闭、切断COEF coefficient 系数CONST constans construction 常数：构造、构造CONT contact control 接点：调节、控制CP control panel 控制板CPD c apacitor potential device 电容器分压器CRT cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管CRT circuit 回路CS c ontrolled switch controll signal 控制开关：控制信号CT current transformer 电流互感器CW clockwise 顺时针向 CY cycle 循环、期DB distribution bo* 配电箱DBMS data base management system 数据库管理系统 DC direct current 直流电DCAS data collection and analysis system 数据采集分析系统DE digital equipment display equipment 数字元件：显示设备DELIV deliver 供给、供电/输出DG diesel generator 柴油发机电DG diesel generator 柴油发机电DHP delivered horse power 输出功率DI data input 数据输入DISC disconnect 断开DISC SW disconnect swtich 隔离开关DISTR diatribution 分散、分配、配电DL data line 数据传输线DMM digital multimeter 数字万用表DMS data management system 数据管理系统DO diesel oil 柴油DO digital output 数字输入DOS dosing 量DPDT double-pole double-throw 双刀双掷开关DPST double-pole sigle-throw 双刀单掷开关DSCH discharge 放电DSL diesel 柴油机DSL line desconnect switch 隔离开关DT dawn time 故障停机时间DTS data transimission 数据传输系统DYNA dynamic analysis 动态分析E.U engineering units 工程单位E/P electrical to pneumatic converter 电动气动转换器EAF e quivalent available factor 等效可运系数ECR economical continuous rating 经济连续出力EE electrical engineer 电气工程师EFF efficiency 效率EFFT effective 有效的EHV e*tra-high voltage 超高压ELEC electric 电气的EMER emergency 紧急、事故EMER emergency 事故保安EMF inductive electromotive force 感应电动势EMLON emergency condition 事故状态EMP eletromechanical power 机电功率EMS emergency switch 紧急开关、事故按钮ENCL enclose 封闭、包围ENER energize 励磁、使带电ENERD energized 已励磁的、已带电的ENG engage 发动机EP e*treme power 极限功率ESD emergency shutdown 事故停机ESS essential service system 主要厂用系统ETS electrical trip solenoid 电气跳闸线圈E*C e*citer 励磁机、励磁E*D e*ternal device 外部设备EY voltage transducer 电压变送器FB fuse block 保险盒FC fast closing 快关F-F flip-flop 触发器FL full load 满负荷FLF flip-flop 触发器FME frequency measuring equipment 频率计FP full power 满功率FREQ frequency 频率FU fuse 保险丝、熔断器FWR full-wave rectifier 全波整流器GEN generator 发机电GIS gas-insulated metal-enclosed switch gear 全封闭组合电器GPT generator potential transformer 发电机电压互感器GRD ground 接地GRD FLT ground fault 接地故障GT grounding transformer 接地变压器HC holding coil 保持线圈HF high frequency 高频HG harmonic generator 谐波发生器 HIPOT high potential test 高电压实验HLDG holding 保持HP horse power 马力HS hand switch 手动开关HT high tension 高压HTN high tension 高电压HV high voltage 高电压HV high voltage high velocity 高压：高速HVDC high voltage direct current transmission system 高压直流输电系统HVPC high voltage power supply 高电压源I/O input/output 输入/输出IC integrated circuit input circuit 集成电路：输入电路ICL ining line 引入线IMP impedance 阻抗IMPLS impulse 脉冲、冲动INDN induction 感应INIT initial 启动、励磁INITD initiated 已励磁的、已启动的INSUL insulate 绝缘、隔热INTMT intermediate 连续的、间歇的INVR inverter 逆变器、反相器ISLN isolation 隔离开关ISOL isolation 隔离的、绝缘的JY watt transduce 有功变送器K kilo 千KW kilowatt 千瓦KWH kilowatt-hour 度L electrical p ower l ine电线LA l ightening arrester 避雷器LC load centre 负荷中心LC load center 负荷中心LDS line disconnecting switch 路线隔离开关、路线断路器LN line 路线LOC local 就地LPC linear power controller 线性功率放大器LR line relay 线性继电器LSIC large scale integrated circuit 大规模集成电路LV low voltage 低电压MAG magnet 磁铁/磁场的MAN manual 手动的MC manual control magnet contactor 人工控制：磁铁开关MCB molded case circuit breaker 模板式断路器MCC motor control centre 马达控制中心MCC motor control center 马达控制中心MCR main control room ma*ium capacity rating ma*ium continuous rating 主控室：最大额定出力：最续出力MDS motor disconnect switch 马达隔离开关MG motor generator 电动发机电ML mechanical loss 机械损失MN*FMR main transformor 主变压器MO motor 马达MOD motor operated disconnect 电动断开MPR motor protrelay 机电保护继电器MSTR motor starter 马达启动器MWE megawatt electric 兆瓦电MWH megawatt-hour 兆瓦小时NADVD not advanced 滞后NEG negative 阴极的、负的NET network 网络NEUT neutral 中性的NGT neutral groundong transformer 中性点接地变压器NL noload 空载、无负荷NOM nominal 额定的NRP normal rated power 额定功率O&R overhaul and repair 大小修OA operator auto mode 运行人员监控下的自动控制运行式OL motor overload device 机电过负荷装置OP output power operating procedure 输出功率：运行规程OPER operating 操作OR operating record 停运记录OVHL overhaul 大修P.O. power output 功率输出P.U. per unit 标幺值PA power amplifier 功率放大器PAMS post-accident montoring instrumentation 事故后监测仪表PB push button 按钮开关PC power center 动力中心PCB power circuit breaker 功率继电器PCC power conditioning and control 电力调节与控制PCM pulse-code modulation 脉冲编码调制PD potenial difference power driven 电位差：电动的PE power equipment 发电综合控制PF p ower factor indicator 功率因数PFI power factor indicator 功率因数表PGCC power generation control ple* 相位PH phase 功率输入PI power input 峰值负荷PK peak 峰值PL plate 板、极板PL peak load 峰值负荷PLD payload 有效负载PM phase midulation 调相PO power operator 电动操作POH planned outage hours 方案停运小时POOH planned overhaul outage hours 方案大修停运小时POS positive 正的、正极的POS position 位置POT potential transformer 电势、电位计PP peak power 峰值功率PPS plant protective system primary protection system 电厂保护系统：一次保护系统 PS power station power supply power system 电站：电源：电力系统PSS power support stabilizer 电力系统稳定器PT potential transformer 电压互感器PT potential transformer 电压互感器PT pressure transducer 压力变送器PWR power 功率Q transistor 晶体管QA quick acting 快速动作QMQB quick-make quick-break 快通快断R rate rotor ratio 速率：转子：比率系数RA remote auto 远程自动RAM repair and maintenance 检修与维护RB run back 甩负荷RD run down 降负荷RF reserve free 备用ROT rate of turn reserve oil tank 转动速度：备用油箱RP rated power 额定功率RPM revolution per minute 转/分RPS revolution per second 转/秒RS resistor 电阻器RSV reserve 备用RTD resistance temperature device 电阻测量计RU run up 升负荷RU run up 升负荷S/C short circuit 短路SC short circuit 短路SC semi-conductor 半导体SCR s ilicon-controlled rectifier 可控硅整流器SECT sectional 等级、分级SEN sensor 传感元件、传感器SERV service 工作、厂用SG standby generator 备用发机电SO shut-off 停机、遮断SOE sequence of events 事故顺序记录SOH scheduled outage hours 方案停机时间SOV solenoid -operated valve 电磁阀SP single pole spare 单极：备用SPC system power control 系统电源控制SPDT single-pole double-throw 单刀双掷SR speed reguletor standard rating silicon rectifier 调速器：额定容量：硅整流器 SS station service 厂用SS stopping switch 停机开关SST station service transformer 厂用变压器ST starter startup transformer 启动器：启动变压器STA stationary 固定的STAT stator 定子STBY standby 备用STBY stand by 备用STR reserve station service transformer 厂用备用变压器SUBSTA substation 变点站SUPL supervisory 供电、电源SUR surge 冲击、波动SV solenoid valve 电磁阀、滑阀SW switch 开关SW switch 开关、手把SW short wave switch 短波：开关SWBD switchboard 配电SWBD switchboard 开关板、配电盘SWC surge withstand capability 冲击电压承受能力SWGR switchyard 配电装置SWYD switchyard 开关场SY synchroscope 同步指示器SYM symmetrical system 对称系统SYNC synchronize 使--- 同步SYNCG synchronizing 同步SYNSCP synchroscope 同步指示器SYS system 系统SYST system 系统T&D transimission and distribution 输电与配电T&M testing and maintenance electrical trip and monitoring 实验与维修：电电气跳闸与监视系统TACH tachometer 转速表TASS technique assembly 装配工艺TB therminal board 端子板、终端板TBO time between overhaul 大修间隔TC thermocouple 热电偶TD time delay 延时TD technique data time delay 技术数据：时滞、延时TDC time delay closing 延时闭合TDD time delay on deenerization 延时失励TDE time delay energization 延时鼓励TDO time delay opening 延时翻开TE thermoelectric test equipment 热电的：测试设备TH thermal element 热电偶、热偶元件TIS test instrumentation system thermal insulation system 测试仪表系统：绝缘系统 TL totalloss total load time limit 总损失：总负荷：时间限制TM time monitor 时间监视器TOT total 总共TP test point time pulse 实验点、测试点：时间脉冲TPDT triple-pole double-throw 三刀双掷开关TR test run transducer 试运行：变送器TRANS transport 运输TRC transmission and reception controller 传输及接收控制器TRIAC triode altermating current switch 三极管交流开关TRU transmit-receive unit 发送接收装置TSI turbine supervisory instrument 汽轮机监视仪表TVM transistor voltmeter 晶体管电压表U unit 机组UAT unit au*iliary transformer 厂用变压器UDF unit derating factor 机组降低出力系数UDG unit derating generation 机组降低出力少发电量UDH unit derating hours 机组降低出力小时UERS unusual event recording system 异常事故记录系统UNDH unit derating hours 机组降低出力小时UNIV universal 通用UNLD unloading 无载的、空载的UO unit operator 机组操作员UOF unplanned outage factor 非方案停运系数UOH unplanned outage hour 非方案停运小时UOR unplanned outage rate 非方案停运率UPS uninterrupted power supply 不停电电源URT unit run time 设备运行时间UST unit station service transformer 厂用变压器UV under voltage 电压缺乏、低电压UV 电压监察VAR variable 变量VARHM garhour meter 无功电度表VC v ariable capacitor voltage parator 可变电容:电压比较器VCB vacuum circuit breaker 真空断路器VCT voltage current transformer 电压电流互感器VENT ventilator 通风VF vriable frequency 可变频率VOLTREG voltage regularor 电压调节器VR variable resistor voltage regulator 可变电阻：稳压器VT vibration testing 振动实验VT voltage time to breakdown 击穿电压时间VTVM vacuum-tube voltmeter 真空管电压表W/O without 没有WDG winding 绕组、线圈WH watt-hour 瓦特小时WHM watthour meter 有功电度表WTR water 水WV working voltage 工作电压WZJ 绝缘监察*DCR transducer 变送器*FER transfer 转换*FMR transfoormer 变压器*MSN transmission 输电*MTR transmitter 变送器*S transfer switch 转换开关YD yard 工作场。

电气安全名词术语GB

标准名称：电气安全名词术语GB 4776-84标准编号：GB 4776-84标准正文：国家标准1984-11-30发布1988-07-01实施1基本概念1.1保安性fail-safe为防止产品本身的危险故障而设计的性能。

1.2正常状态nromal condition所有用于防止危险的设施均无损坏的状态。

1.3电气事故electric accident由电流、电磁场、雷电、静电和某些电路故障等直接或间接造成建筑设施、电气设备毁坏、人、动物伤亡，以及引起火灾和爆炸等后果的事件。

1.4触电电击electric shock电流通过人体或动物体而引起的病理、生理效应。

1.5电磁场伤害injury due to electromagnetic field人体在电磁场作用下吸收能量受到的伤害。

1.6破坏性放电介质击穿disruptive discharge dielectric breakdown固体、液体、气体介质及其组合介质在高电压作用下，介质强度丧失的现象。

破坏性放电时，电极间的电压迅速下降到零或接近于零。

1.7短路short circuit通过比较小的电阻或阻抗，偶然地或有意地对一个电路中在正常情况下处于不同电压下的两点或几点之间进行的连接。

1.8绝缘故障insulation fault绝缘电阻的不正常下降。

1.9接地故障earth fault由于导体与地连接或对地绝缘电阻变得小于规定值而引起的故障。

1.10过电流overcurrent超过额定电流的电流。

1.11过电压overvoltage超过额定电压的电压。

1.12过负载overload超过额定负载的负载。

1.13导电部分conductive part能导电，但不一定承载工作电流的部分。

1.14带电部分live part正常使用时被通电的导体或导电部分，它包括中性导体，但按惯例，不包括保护中性导体(PEN导体)。

注：此术语不一定意味着触电危险。

1.15外露导电部分exposed conductive part电气设备能被触及的导电部分。

基于模拟电流相关比对的谐振接地故障选线方法

基于模拟电流相关比对的谐振接地故障选线方法发布时间：2023-02-01T08:20:04.298Z 来源：《工程管理前沿》2022年第18期作者：周柯王成[导读] 故障准确选线对提高卷烟设备的连续生产和卷烟工业的自动化水平至关重要，周柯王成湖北中烟工业有限责任公司三峡卷烟厂摘要：故障准确选线对提高卷烟设备的连续生产和卷烟工业的自动化水平至关重要，为此，文中提出了一种基于模拟电流相关比对的故障选线方法。

该方法通过母线零序电压构造模拟电流，将所有馈线零序电流与模拟电流在特征频段内进行波形相关比对。

比对结果表明：特征频段内，健全馈线零序电流与模拟电流波形具有高度相似性，相关系数接近1；而故障馈线零序电流与模拟电流波形相关性较小，相关系数远小于1，两者差异显著，据此可准确选出故障线路。

该方法原理简单，受采样频率影响较小，能自动准确选出故障线路。

相比于传统全频段波形相关分析法，该方法可避免高频噪声干扰，进一步拉大故障线路与健全线路的故障特征差异，具有较高的选线准确率。

最后，仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。

关键词：谐振接地系统；故障选线；模拟电流；单相接地故障Fault line selection method for resonant grounding system based on analog current correlation comparisonABSTRACT：Accurate fault line selection is very important to improve the continuous production of cigarette equipment and the automation level of cigarette industry. So, a fault line selection method based on analog current correlation comparison is proposed. In this method, the analog current is constructed through the zero-sequence voltage of the bus, and the waveforms of all lines are compared with the analog current in the characteristic frequency band. The comparison results show that within the characteristic frequency band, the zero-sequence current of healthy lines are highly similar to the analog current waveform, and the correlation coefficients are close to 1. However, the zero-sequence current of the fault line has little correlation with the analog current waveform, and the correlation coefficient is far less than 1. The difference between the two situations is significant, so the fault line can be selected accurately. This method is simple in principle, less affected by sampling frequency and independent in line selection. Compared with the traditional full-frequency waveform correlation analysis method, this method can avoid the interference of high frequency noise and enlarge the fault characteristic difference between the fault line and the sound line and has higher accuracy of line selection. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.KEYWORDS：resonant grounding system; fault line selection; analog current; single-phase-to-ground1 引言我国卷烟厂大多采用配电网直接供电，而配电网中性点广泛采用消弧线圈接地方式，谐振接地系统发生单相接地故障时，流经消弧线圈的电感电流补偿故障点电容电流，导致故障线路稳态零序电流幅值减小、方向改变、故障特征减弱。

单相接地故障查找操作流程及原理

单相接地故障查找操作流程及原理English answer:Single-phase Ground Fault Location Operation Process.Operational Procedures:1. Obtain the single-phase grounding fault alarm signal and locate the faulty line.2. Determine the distance to the fault point through the fault locator.3. Dispatch personnel to the suspected fault point for on-site inspection and verification.4. Isolate the faulty line and repair the fault.Principle:The single-phase ground fault locator uses theprinciple of high-frequency signal injection and fault point impedance measurement. The specific operation process is as follows:1. The fault locator injects a high-frequency signal into the faulty line.2. The high-frequency signal propagates along the line and is reflected at the fault point.3. The fault locator receives the reflected signal and measures the time difference between the injected signal and the reflected signal.4. According to the time difference and the propagation speed of the high-frequency signal, the distance to the fault point can be calculated.Advantages:1. High accuracy: The accuracy of the fault locationcan reach meters.2. Fast speed: The fault location can be completed within seconds.3. Non-contact measurement: The fault location can be carried out without contact with the line, which is safe and reliable.4. Wide application: It can be used for fault location of overhead lines, cable lines, and busbars.Precautions:1. The fault locator should be properly calibrated before use.2. The fault line should be isolated before connecting the fault locator.3. The fault locator should be operated in accordance with the operating instructions.Chinese answer:单相接地故障查找操作流程。

电气工程常见的英文缩写

电气工程常见的英文缩写缩写全称中文ACalternating current交流电ACautomatic control自动控制ACAaccident consequence assessment事故后果评价ACBair circuit breaker空气断路器ACC accident故障、事故ACCUMaccumulate accumulate累计、蓄电池ACDSacourtic crack detection system声裂纹检测系统ACT/Sactive side带电部件、有功部件ACWanti-clockwise反时针方向ACWanti-clockwise反时针方向ADanalog-digital模拟-数字AEODanalysis and evaluation of operational data运行数据分析和管理AFCautomatic frequency control automatic following control自动频率控制：自动跟踪控制AIartificial intelligence人工智能ALTalternate交变的、交替的ALTNTRalternator同步发电机AMammeter电流表AMPampere安培ANair natural cooled空气自然冷却AOCautomatic overload control自动过载控制APCautomatic plant coordinate control automatic power control 机组自动协调控制：自动功率控制APPappendixauxiliary power plant附录：辅助电源设备APSacessory power supply辅助电源APUauxiliary power unit辅助动力装置：辅助电源设备ARMarmature电枢、衔铁ASRautomatic speed run up自动升速ASUautomatic synchronizing unit自动同步系统ATauxiliary transformer辅助变压器AUSauxiliary switch辅助开关AUXauxiliany辅助、备用AVLautomatic voltage control自动电压控制AVRautomatic voltage regulator自动调压器BATbattery电池BDblock decrease闭锁减BDUCbus duct母线导管、母线沟BDVblowdown voltage击穿电压BFback feed反馈BHPbrake horse power 制动马力BIblock increase闭锁增BKRbreaker断路器BOSback-out system补偿系统BOTbuild-operate-tranfer建造-运行-移交BRbrush电刷、刷子BRKGbreaking断开BYCbattery charger电池充电器CAcompressed air压缩空气CAOScompletely automatic operate system全自动操作系统CAPcapactty电容、出力、容量CAPcapacity容量、功率CATScomputer-aided trouble-shooting计算机辅助故障查寻CBcontrol butoncircuit breakercircuit board控制钮：线路断路器：电路板CBLline circuit breaker线路断路器CC charactevistic curve特性曲线CCWcounter-clockwise反时针CDcontrol desk控制台CEMFcownta electromotive force反电动势CGcenter of gravity重心CHGRcharger充电器CKTcircuit电路、线路CKWclockwise顺时针方向CLcenter line中心线CLSGclosing关闭、合闸CMRcontinuous maxinum rating连续最大功率CNDNcondition工况、参数COcon-out关闭、切断COEFcoefficient系数CONSTconstansconstruction常数：构造、结构CONTcontactcontrol接点：调节、控制CPcontrol panel控制板CPDcapacitor potential device电容器分压器CRTcathode-ray tube阴极射线管CRTcircuit回路CScontrolled switchcontroll signal控制开关：控制信号CTcurrent transformer电流互感器CWclockwise顺时针方向CYcycle循环、周期DB distribution box配电箱DBMSdata base management system数据库管理系统DCdirect current直流电DCASdata collection and analysis system数据收集分析系统DEdigital equipmentdisplay equipment数字元件：显示设备DELIVdeliver供给、供电/输出DGdiesel generator柴油发电机DGdiesel generator柴油发电机DHPdelivered horse power输出功率DIdata input数据输入DISCdisconnect断开DISC SWdisconnect swtich隔离开关DISTRdiatribution分散、分配、配电DLdata line数据传输线DMMdigital multimeter数字万用表DMSdata management system数据管理系统DOdiesel oil柴油DOdigital output数字输入DOSdosing量DPDTdouble-pole double-throw双刀双掷开关DPSTdouble-pole sigle-throw双刀单掷开关DSCHdischarge放电DSLdiesel柴油机DSLline desconnect switch隔离开关DT dawn time故障停机时间DTSdata transimission数据传输系统DYNAdynamic analysis动态分析engineering units工程单位E/Pelectricalto pneumatic converter电动气动转换器EAFequivalent available factor等效可运系数ECReconomical continuous rating经济连续出力EEelectrical engineer电气工程师EFF efficiency效率EFFTeffective有效的EHVextra-high voltage超高压ELECelectric电气的EMERemergency紧急、事故EMERemergency事故保安EMFinductive electromotive force感应电动势EMLONemergency condition事故状态EMP eletromechanical power机电功率EMSemergency switch紧急开关、事故按钮ENCLenclose封闭、包围ENERenergize励磁、使带电ENERDenergized已励磁的、已带电的ENGengage发动机EPextreme power极限功率ESDemergency shutdown事故停机ESSessential service system主要厂用系统ETSelectrical trip solenoid电气跳闸线圈EXCexciter励磁机、励磁EXDexternal device外部设备EYvoltage transducer电压变送器FBfuse block保险盒FCfast closing快关F-Fflip-flop触发器FL full load满负荷FLFflip-flop触发器FMEfrequency measuring equipment频率计FPfull power满功率FREQfrequency频率FUfuse保险丝、熔断器FWRfull-wave rectifier全波整流器GENgenerator发电机GISgas-insulated metal-enclosed switch gear全封闭组合电器GPTgenerator potential transformer发电机电压互感器GRDground接地GRD FLTground fault接地故障GTgrounding transformer接地变压器HCholding coil保持线圈HFhigh frequency高频HGharmonic generator谐波发生器HIPOThigh potential test高电压实验HLDGholding保持HPhorse power马力HShand switch手动开关HThigh tension高压HTNhigh tension高电压HVhigh voltage高电压HVhigh voltage high velocity高压：高速HVDChigh voltage direct current transmission system高压直流输电系统HVPChigh voltage power supply高电压源I/Oinput/output输入/输出ICintegrated circuitinput circuit集成电路：输入电路ICLincoming line引入线IMPimpedance阻抗IMPLSimpulse脉冲、冲动INDNinduction感应INITinitial启动、励磁INITDinitiated已励磁的、已启动的INSULinsulate绝缘、隔热INTMTintermediate间断的、间歇的INVRinverter逆变器、反相器ISLNisolation隔离开关ISOLisolation隔离的、绝缘的JYwatt transduce有功变送器Kkilo千KWkilowatt千瓦KWHkilowatt-hour度Lelectrical power line电线LAlightening arrester避雷器LCload centre负荷中心LCload center负荷中心LDSline disconnecting switch线路隔离开关、线路断路器LNline线路LOClocal就地LPClinear power controller线性功率放大器LRline relay线性继电器LSIClarge scale integrated circuit大规模集成电路LVlow voltage低电压MAGmagnet磁铁/磁场的MANmanual手动的MCmanual controlmagnet contactor人工控制：磁铁开关MCBmolded case circuit breaker模板式断路器MCCmotor control centre马达控制中心MCC motor control center马达控制中心MCRmain control room maxium capacity ratingmaxium continuous rating主控室：最大额定出力：最大连续出力MDSmotor disconnect switch马达隔离开关MGmotor generator电动发电机MLmechanical loss机械损失MNXFMRmain transformor主变压器MOmotor马达MODmotor operated disconnect电动断开MPR motor protrelay电机保护继电器MSTRmotor starter马达启动器MWEmegawatt electric 兆瓦电MWHmegawatt-hour兆瓦小时NADVDnot advanced滞后NEGnegative阴极的、负的NETnetwork网络NEUTneutral中性的NGTneutral groundong transformer中性点接地变压器NLnoload空载、无负荷NOMnominal额定的NRPnormal rated power额定功率O&Roverhaul and repair大小修OAoperator auto mode运行人员监控下的自动控制运行方式OLmotor overload device电机过负荷装置OP output power operating procedure输出功率：运行规程OPERoperating操作ORoperating record停运记录OVHLoverhaul 大修.power output功率输出.per unit标幺值PA power amplifier功率放大器PAMSpost-accident montoring instrumentation事故后监测仪表PBpush button按钮开关PCpower center动力中心PCBpower circuit breaker功率继电器PCCpower conditioning and control电力调节与控制PCMpulse-code modulation脉冲编码调制PDpotenial differencepower driven电位差：电动的PEpower equipment发电综合控制PFpower factor indicator功率因数PFIpower factor indicator功率因数表PGCCpower generation control complex相位PHphase功率输入PIpower input峰值负荷PKpeak峰值PLplate板、极板PLpeak load峰值负荷PLDpayload有效负载PMphase midulation调相POpower operator电动操作POHplanned outage hours计划停运小时POOHplanned overhaul outage hours计划大修停运小时POSpositive正的、正极的POSposition位置POTpotential transformer电势、电位计PPpeak power峰值功率PPSplant protective systemprimary protection system电厂保护系统：一次保护系统PS power stationpower supplypower system电站：电源：电力系统PSSpower support stabilizer电力系统稳定器PTpotential transformer电压互感器PTpotential transformer电压互感器PTpressure transducer压力变送器PWRpower功率Qtransistor晶体管QAquick acting快速动作QMQBquick-makequick-break快通快断Rrate rotor ratio速率：转子：比率系数RA remote auto远程自动RAMrepair and maintenance检修与维护RBrun back甩负荷RDrun down降负荷RFreserve free备用ROTrate of turnreserve oil tank转动速度：备用油箱RPrated power额定功率RPMrevolution per minute转/分RPSrevolution per second转/秒RS resistor电阻器RSVreserve 备用RTDresistance temperature device电阻测量计RUrun up升负荷RUrun up升负荷S/C short circuit 短路SC short circuit 短路SC semi-conductor 半导体SCR silicon-controlled rectifier 可控硅整流器SECT sectional 等级、分级SEN sensor 传感元件、传感器SERV service 工作、厂用SG standby generator 备用发电机SO shut-off 停机、遮断SOE sequence of events 事故顺序记录SOH scheduled outage hours 计划停机时间SOV solenoid -operated valve 电磁阀SP single pole spare 单极：备用SPC system power control 系统电源控制SPDT single-pole double-throw 单刀双掷SR speed reguletor standard rating silicon rectifier 调速器：额定容量：硅整流器SS station service 厂用SS stopping switch 停机开关SST station service transformer 厂用变压器ST starter startup transformer 启动器：启动变压器STA stationary 固定的STAT stator 定子STBY standby 备用STBY stand by 备用STR reserve station service transformer 厂用备用变压器SUBSTA substation 变点站SUPL supervisory 供电、电源SUR surge 冲击、波动SV solenoid valve 电磁阀、滑阀SW switch 开关SW switch 开关、手把SW short wave switch 短波：开关SWBD switchboard 配电SWBD switchboard 开关板、配电盘SWC surge withstand capability 冲击电压承受能力SWGR switchyard 配电装置SWYD switchyard 开关场SY synchroscope 同步指示器SYM symmetrical system 对称系统SYNC synchronize 使---同步SYNCG synchronizing 同步SYNSCP synchroscope 同步指示器SYS system 系统SYST system 系统T&D transimission and distribution 输电与配电T&M testing and maintenance electrical trip and monitoring 实验与维修：电电气跳闸与监视系统TACH tachometer 转速表TASS technique assembly 装配工艺TB therminal board 端子板、终端板TBO time between overhaul 大修间隔TC thermocouple 热电偶TD time delay 延时TD technique data time delay 技术数据：时滞、延时TDC time delay closing 延时闭合TDD time delay on deenerization 延时失励TDE time delay energization 延时激励TDO time delay opening 延时打开TE thermoelectric test equipment 热电的：测试设备TH thermal element 热电偶、热偶元件TIS test instrumentation system thermal insulation system 测试仪表系统：绝缘系统TL total loss total load time limit 总损失：总负荷：时间限制TM time monitor 时间监视器TOT total 总共TP test point time pulse 实验点、测试点：时间脉冲TPDT triple-pole double-throw 三刀双掷开关TR test run transducer 试运行：变送器TRANS transport 运输TRC transmission and reception controller 传输及接收控制器TRIAC triode altermating current switch 三极管交流开关TRU transmit-receive unit 发送接收装置TSI turbine supervisory instrument 汽轮机监视仪表TVM transistor voltmeter 晶体管电压表U unit 机组UAT unit auxiliary transformer 厂用变压器UDF unit derating factor 机组降低出力系数UDG unit derating generation 机组降低出力少发电量UDH unit derating hours 机组降低出力小时UERS unusual event recording system 异常事故记录系统UNDH unit derating hours 机组降低出力小时UNIV universal 通用UNLD unloading 无载的、空载的UO unit operator 机组操作员UOF unplanned outage factor 非计划停运系数UOH unplanned outage hour 非计划停运小时UOR unplanned outage rate 非计划停运率UPS uninterrupted power supply 不停电电源URT unit run time 设备运行时间UST unit station service transformer 厂用变压器UV under voltage 电压不足、低电压UV 电压监察VAR variable 变量VARHM garhour meter 无功电度表VC variable capacitor voltage comparator 可变电容:电压比较器VCB vacuum circuit breaker 真空断路器VCT voltage current transformer 电压电流互感器VENT ventilator 通风VF vriable frequency 可变频率VOLTREG voltage regularor 电压调节器VR variable resistor voltage regulator 可变电阻：稳压器VT vibration testing 振动实验VT voltage time to breakdown 击穿电压时间VTVM vacuum-tube voltmeter 真空管电压表W/O without 没有WDG winding 绕组、线圈WH watt-hour 瓦特小时WHM watthour meter 有功电度表WTR water 水WV working voltage 工作电压WZJ 绝缘监察XDCR transducer 变送器XFER transfer 转换XFMR transfoormer 变压器XMSN transmission 输电XMTR transmitter 变送器XS transfer switch 转换开关YD yard 工作场。

交流高压断路器订货技术条件

K43备案号：3984—1999中华人民共和国电力行业标准DL/T 402—1999eqv IEC 56：1987代替DL/T 402—91K43备案号：3984—1999中华人民共和国电力行业标准DL/T 402—1999eqv IEC 56：1987代替DL/T 402—91交流高压断路器订货技术条件High-voltage alternating current circuit-breakers1999-08-02批准1999-10-01实施前言交流高压断路器是开关设备众多品类中的主导产品，也是一系列高压成套装置中的主要元件。

它能在系统故障与非故障情况下实现多种操作，是电力系统最主要的操作与保护装置。

它的性能及其考核方法、考核装置历来受到首要的关注。

国际上，交流高压断路器的标准为IEC 56 (1987)《高压交流断路器》，现正在修订中。

我国于1964年制定了JB518—64《交流高压断路器》及JB519—64《交流高压断路器的操动机构》，它们源于前苏联标准ГOCT 687—41《交流高压断路器》。

这是当时的机械部标准。

1989年，我国制定了GB1984—89《交流高压断路器》国标。

由于运行部门有一些问题未能及时充分反映，由原水电部高压开关设备标准化技术委员会于1985年制定了水电部标准SD132—85《交流高压断路器技术条件》，又于1991年修订为电力行业标准DL/T402—91，后者沿用至今，已经过去5年。

科技进步使产品在品种、特性上发生许多变化，一些品类退居次要地位，另一些品类正在飞速发展。

标准也在随之变化，标准既要去约束产品使它健康发展，又要去推动产品，加快发展。

国际上，IEC 56(1987)已有修订意见发布，见17A/438/CD［即17A(s)392—1995］(1995.2.28)。

之后，又发布了第3号修订件(1996.9)。

本文考虑了这些文件的内容。

原电力工业部于1995年初提出，标准应及时修订。

电厂术语缩写大全

电气常用术语翻译电气常用英文缩写12009-03-05 16:20AC alternating current 交流电AC automatic control 自动控制ACA accident consequence assessment 事故后果评价ACB air circuit breaker 空气断路器ACC accident 故障、事故ACCUM accumulate accumulate 累计、蓄电池ACDS acourtic crack detection system 声裂纹检测系统ACT/S active side 带电部件、有功部件ACW anti-clockwise 反时针方向ACW anti-clockwise 反时针方向AD analog-digital 模拟-数字AEOD analysis and evaluation of operational data 运行数据分析和管理AFC automatic frequency control automatic following control 自动频率控制：自动跟踪控制AI artificial intelligence 人工智能ALT alternate 交变的、交替的ALTNTR alternator 同步发电机AM ammeter 电流表AMP ampere 安培AN air natural cooled 空气自然冷却AOC automatic overload control 自动过载控制APC automatic plant coordinate control automatic power control 机组自动协调控制：自动功率控制APP appendix auxiliary power plant 附录：辅助电源设备APS acessory power supply 辅助电源APU auxiliary power unit 辅助动力装置：辅助电源设备ARM armature 电枢、衔铁ASR automatic speed run up 自动升速ASU automatic synchronizing unit 自动同步系统AT auxiliary transformer 辅助变压器AUS auxiliary switch 辅助开关AUX auxiliany 辅助、备用AVL automatic voltage control 自动电压控制AVR automatic voltage regulator 自动调压器BAT battery 电池BD block decrease 闭锁减BDUC bus duct 母线导管、母线沟BDV blowdown voltage 击穿电压BF back feed 反馈BHP brake horse power 制动马力BI block increase 闭锁增BKR breaker 断路器BOS back-out system 补偿系统BOT build-operate-tranfer 建造-运行-移交BR brush 电刷、刷子BRKG breaking 断开BYC battery charger 电池充电器CA compressed air 压缩空气CAOS completely automatic operate system 全自动操作系统CAP capactty 电容、出力、容量CAP capacity 容量、功率CATS computer-aided trouble-shooting 计算机辅助故障查寻CB control buton circuit breaker circuit board 控制钮：线路断路器：电路板CBL line circuit breaker 线路断路器CC charactevistic curve 特性曲线CCW counter-clockwise 反时针CD control desk 控制台CEMF cownta electromotive force 反电动势CG center of gravity 重心CHGR charger 充电器CKT circuit 电路、线路CKW clockwise 顺时针方向CL center line 中心线CLSG closing 关闭、合闸CMR continuous maxinum rating 连续最大功率CNDN condition 工况、参数CO con-out 关闭、切断COEF coefficient 系数CONST constans construction 常数：构造、结构CONT contact control 接点：调节、控制CP control panel 控制板CPD capacitor potential device 电容器分压器CRT cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管CRT circuit 回路CS controlled switch controll signal 控制开关：控制信号CT current transformer 电流互感器CW clockwise 顺时针方向CY cycle 循环、周期DB distribution box 配电箱DBMS data base management system 数据库管理系统DC direct current 直流电DCAS data collection and analysis system 数据收集分析系统DE digital equipment display equipment 数字元件：显示设备DELIV deliver 供给、供电/输出DG diesel generator 柴油发电机DG diesel generator 柴油发电机DHP delivered horse power 输出功率DI data input 数据输入DISC disconnect 断开DISC SW disconnect swtich 隔离开关DISTR diatribution 分散、分配、配电DL data line 数据传输线DMM digital multimeter 数字万用表DMS data management system 数据管理系统DO diesel oil 柴油DO digital output 数字输入DOS dosing 量DPDT double-pole double-throw 双刀双掷开关DPST double-pole sigle-throw 双刀单掷开关DSCH discharge 放电DSL diesel 柴油机DSL line desconnect switch 隔离开关DT dawn time 故障停机时间DTS data transimission 数据传输系统DYNA dynamic analysis 动态分析E.U engineering units 工程单位E/P electrical to pneumatic converter 电动气动转换器EAF equivalent available factor 等效可运系数ECR economical continuous rating 经济连续出力EE electrical engineer 电气工程师EFF efficiency 效率EFFT effective 有效的EHV extra-high voltage 超高压ELEC electric 电气的EMER emergency 紧急、事故EMER emergency 事故保安EMF inductive electromotive force 感应电动势EMLON emergency condition 事故状态EMP eletromechanical power 机电功率EMS emergency switch 紧急开关、事故按钮ENCL enclose 封闭、包围ENER energize 励磁、使带电ENERD energized 已励磁的、已带电的ENG engage 发动机EP extreme power 极限功率ESD emergency shutdown 事故停机ESS essential service system 主要厂用系统ETS electrical trip solenoid 电气跳闸线圈EXC exciter 励磁机、励磁EXD external device 外部设备EY voltage transducer 电压变送器FB fuse block 保险盒FC fast closing 快关F-F flip-flop 触发器FL full load 满负荷FLF flip-flop 触发器FME frequency measuring equipment 频率计FP full power 满功率FREQ frequency 频率FU fuse 保险丝、熔断器FWR full-wave rectifier 全波整流器GEN generator 发电机GIS gas-insulated metal-enclosed switch gear 全封闭组合电器GPT generator potential transformer 发电机电压互感器GRD ground 接地GRD FLT ground fault 接地故障GT grounding transformer 接地变压器HC holding coil 保持线圈HF high frequency 高频HG harmonic generator 谐波发生器HIPOT high potential test 高电压实验HLDG holding 保持HP horse power 马力HS hand switch 手动开关HT high tension 高压HTN high tension 高电压HV high voltage 高电压HV high voltage high velocity 高压：高速HVDC high voltage direct current transmission system 高压直流输电系统HVPC high voltage power supply 高电压源I/O input/output 输入/输出IC integrated circuit input circuit 集成电路：输入电路ICL incoming line 引入线IMP impedance 阻抗IMPLS impulse 脉冲、冲动INDN induction 感应INIT initial 启动、励磁INITD initiated 已励磁的、已启动的INSUL insulate 绝缘、隔热INTMT intermediate 间断的、间歇的INVR inverter 逆变器、反相器ISLN isolation 隔离开关ISOL isolation 隔离的、绝缘的JY watt transduce 有功变送器K kilo 千KW kilowatt 千瓦KWH kilowatt-hour 度L electrical power line 电线LA lightening arrester 避雷器LC load centre 负荷中心LC load center 负荷中心LDS line disconnecting switch 线路隔离开关、线路断路器LN line 线路LOC local 就地LPC linear power controller 线性功率放大器LR line relay 线性继电器LSIC large scale integrated circuit 大规模集成电路LV low voltage 低电压MAG magnet 磁铁/磁场的MAN manual 手动的MC manual control magnet contactor 人工控制：磁铁开关MCB molded case circuit breaker 模板式断路器MCC motor control centre 马达控制中心MCC motor control center 马达控制中心MCR main control room maxium capacity rating maxium continuous rating 主控室：最大额定出力：最大连续出力MDS motor disconnect switch 马达隔离开关MG motor generator 电动发电机ML mechanical loss 机械损失MNXFMR main transformor 主变压器MO motor 马达MOD motor operated disconnect 电动断开MPR motor protrelay 电机保护继电器MSTR motor starter 马达启动器MWE megawatt electric 兆瓦电MWH megawatt-hour 兆瓦小时NADVD not advanced 滞后NEG negative 阴极的、负的NET network 网络NEUT neutral 中性的NGT neutral groundong transformer 中性点接地变压器NL noload 空载、无负荷NOM nominal 额定的NRP normal rated power 额定功率电气英文大全第二部分O&R overhaul and repair 大小修OA operator auto mode 运行人员监控下的自动控制运行方式OL motor overload device 电机过负荷装置OP output power operating procedure 输出功率：运行规程OPER operating 操作OR operating record 停运记录OVHL overhaul 大修P.O. power output 功率输出P.U. per unit 标幺值PA power amplifier 功率放大器PAMS post-accident montoring instrumentation 事故后监测仪表PB push button 按钮开关PC power center 动力中心PCB power circuit breaker 功率继电器PCC power conditioning and control 电力调节与控制PCM pulse-code modulation 脉冲编码调制PD potenial difference power driven 电位差：电动的PE power equipment 发电综合控制PF power factor indicator 功率因数PFI power factor indicator 功率因数表PGCC power generation control complex 相位PH phase 功率输入PI power input 峰值负荷PK peak 峰值PL plate 板、极板PL peak load 峰值负荷PLD payload 有效负载PM phase midulation 调相PO power operator 电动操作POH planned outage hours 计划停运小时POOH planned overhaul outage hours 计划大修停运小时POS positive 正的、正极的POS position 位置POT potential transformer 电势、电位计PP peak power 峰值功率PPS plant protective system primary protection system 电厂保护系统：一次保护系统PS power station power supply power system 电站：电源：电力系统PSS power support stabilizer 电力系统稳定器PT potential transformer 电压互感器PT potential transformer 电压互感器PT pressure transducer 压力变送器PWR power 功率Q transistor 晶体管QA quick acting 快速动作QMQB quick-make quick-break 快通快断R rate rotor ratio 速率：转子：比率系数RA remote auto 远程自动RAM repair and maintenance 检修与维护RB run back 甩负荷RD run down 降负荷RF reserve free 备用ROT rate of turn reserve oil tank 转动速度：备用油箱RP rated power 额定功率RPM revolution per minute 转/分RPS revolution per second 转/秒RS resistor 电阻器RSV reserve 备用RTD resistance temperature device 电阻测量计RU run up 升负荷RU run up 升负荷S/C short circuit 短路SC short circuit 短路SC semi-conductor 半导体SCR silicon-controlled rectifier 可控硅整流器SECT sectional 等级、分级SEN sensor 传感元件、传感器SERV service 工作、厂用SG standby generator 备用发电机SO shut-off 停机、遮断SOE sequence of events 事故顺序记录SOH scheduled outage hours 计划停机时间SOV solenoid -operated valve 电磁阀SP single pole spare 单极：备用SPC system power control 系统电源控制SPDT single-pole double-throw 单刀双掷SR speed reguletor standard rating silicon rectifier 调速器：额定容量：硅整流器SS station service 厂用SS stopping switch 停机开关SST station service transformer 厂用变压器ST starter startup transformer 启动器：启动变压器STA stationary 固定的STAT stator 定子STBY standby 备用STBY stand by 备用STR reserve station service transformer 厂用备用变压器SUBSTA substation 变点站SUPL supervisory 供电、电源SUR surge 冲击、波动SV solenoid valve 电磁阀、滑阀SW switch 开关SW switch 开关、手把SW short wave switch 短波：开关SWBD switchboard 配电SWBD switchboard 开关板、配电盘SWC surge withstand capability 冲击电压承受能力SWGR switchyard 配电装置SWYD switchyard 开关场SY synchroscope 同步指示器SYM symmetrical system 对称系统SYNC synchronize 使---同步SYNCG synchronizing 同步SYNSCP synchroscope 同步指示器SYS system 系统SYST system 系统T&D transimission and distribution 输电与配电T&M testing and maintenance electrical trip and monitoring 实验与维修：电电气跳闸与监视系统TACH tachometer 转速表TASS technique assembly 装配工艺TB therminal board 端子板、终端板TBO time between overhaul 大修间隔TC thermocouple 热电偶TD time delay 延时TD technique data time delay 技术数据：时滞、延时TDC time delay closing 延时闭合TDD time delay on deenerization 延时失励TDE time delay energization 延时激励TDO time delay opening 延时打开TE thermoelectric test equipment 热电的：测试设备TH thermal element 热电偶、热偶元件TIS test instrumentation system thermal insulation system 测试仪表系统：绝缘系统TL total loss total load time limit 总损失：总负荷：时间限制TM time monitor 时间监视器TOT total 总共TP test point time pulse 实验点、测试点：时间脉冲TPDT triple-pole double-throw 三刀双掷开关TR test run transducer 试运行：变送器TRANS transport 运输TRC transmission and reception controller 传输及接收控制器TRIAC triode altermating current switch 三极管交流开关TRU transmit-receive unit 发送接收装置TSI turbine supervisory instrument 汽轮机监视仪表TVM transistor voltmeter 晶体管电压表U unit 机组UAT unit auxiliary transformer 厂用变压器UDF unit derating factor 机组降低出力系数UDG unit derating generation 机组降低出力少发电量UDH unit derating hours 机组降低出力小时UERS unusual event recording system 异常事故记录系统UNDH unit derating hours 机组降低出力小时UNIV universal 通用UNLD unloading 无载的、空载的UO unit operator 机组操作员UOF unplanned outage factor 非计划停运系数UOH unplanned outage hour 非计划停运小时UOR unplanned outage rate 非计划停运率UPS uninterrupted power supply 不停电电源URT unit run time 设备运行时间UST unit station service transformer 厂用变压器UV under voltage 电压不足、低电压UV 电压监察VAR variable 变量VARHM garhour meter 无功电度表VC variable capacitor voltage comparator 可变电容:电压比较器VCB vacuum circuit breaker 真空断路器VCT voltage current transformer 电压电流互感器VENT ventilator 通风VF vriable frequency 可变频率VOLTREG voltage regularor 电压调节器VR variable resistor voltage regulator 可变电阻：稳压器VT vibration testing 振动实验VT voltage time to breakdown 击穿电压时间VTVM vacuum-tube voltmeter 真空管电压表W/O without 没有WDG winding 绕组、线圈WH watt-hour 瓦特小时WHM watthour meter 有功电度表WTR water 水WV working voltage 工作电压WZJ 绝缘监察XDCR transducer 变送器XFER transfer 转换XFMR transfoormer 变压器XMSN transmission 输电XMTR transmitter 变送器XS transfer switch 转换开关YD yard 工作场热工控制常用2009-03-05 16:18A/D analog to digital 模拟/数字ACK acknowledge 确认A/D analog to digital 模拟/数字ACK acknowledge 确认AI analog input 模拟量输入AMM analog master module 模拟主模件AMPL amplifier 放大器ANAL analysis 分析ANALZ analyzer 分析机ANLG analog 模拟ANN annunciator system 报警系统ANN annunciator 信号装置，报警器AO analog output 模拟量输出AOL analog output to loop 对FC30环的模拟输出APO auxiliary plant operator 辅助设备操作员ATTEN attenuator 衰减器，消声器AVAIL available 可用的AVG average 平均的BHP brake horsepower 制动马力BK brake 制动器BLK block 程序块，封闭BLNK blank 空白，熄灭C-C centure-to-centure 中心距,中心之间CFGN configuration 轮廓,构架,组态CH chain 链,环CHAN channel 通道CHG change 改变CIU computer interface unit 计算机接口单元CL centure line 总线,中心线CMS computer monitoring system 计算机监视系统CNDNR conditioner 调节器CNGR congruence 相同,重合CNT contact 接触,触点CNTL control 控制CNTLR controller 控制器CNVR conveyor 传送装置CON connector 连接器CONST constant 恒定的,常数CONT continuous 连续的CONV converter 转换器COORD coordinator/coordinate 调度员/协调CR control relay 控制继电器CRT cathode ray tube 显示器CS control switch 控制开关CTR centre 中央CTRLZD centralized 集中CV control valve 控制调门,调节器D/A digital to analog converter 数字/模拟转换器DAS data acquisition system 数据采集系统DCS distributed control system 分散控制系统DD device driver(fc123) 设备驱动器DET detector 检测器DETD detected 检测到的DETN detection 检测DEVN deviation 偏差DI digital input 数字输入DIAGL diagonal 对角的DIAPH diaphragm 流量孔板，薄膜DIFF differential 有差的DIFFT differential temperature 温差DIG digital 数字DISTRB disturbance 扰动，干扰DLY delay 延迟，滞后DO digital output 数字输出DOL digital output to loop(fn45) 到FN45环的数字输出DP differential pressure 压差DSBLD disabled 不能的DSV double solenoid valve 双螺线管阀门，电磁阀EWS engineer work station 工程师工作站F/C fall close 出故障时自动关闭F/O fall open 出故障时自动打开FB feedback 反馈FDG functional drive group 功能驱动组FDG OFF functional drive group off 功能驱动组关FDG ON functional drive group on 功能驱动组开FGCTL functional group control 功能组控制FIS flow indication switch 流量指示器FLT fault 故障，缺陷FS flow switch 流量开关GA gage/gauge 仪表GOV governor 调节器HI high 高HI HI high high 高高HIS human system interface 操作员系统接口I/O input/output 输入/输出I/P current to pneumatic converter 电动/气动转换器INFO information 信息，资料INSTR instrument 仪表INTLK interlock 联锁IPB intra plant bus 厂内总线KBD keyboard 键盘L/O lock out 闭锁LAB laboratory 试验室LCD 液晶显示柱LCKD locked 闭锁的，锁气的LDA 甩负荷预测LIM limit/limiter 限制/限制器LIM SW limit switch 限位开关LMP lamp 灯LMTG limiting 限制，极限的LO low 低LOG logic 逻辑LOLO low low 低低LPL lighting panel 照明盘LVDT linear voltage differential transformer 线性差动变送器LVL level 水平，电平LWR lower 更低LWRG lowering 降低M/A manual/automatic 手动/自动MA master 控制MALF malfunction 故障，失灵MAN manual 手动的MAX maximum 最大MCPNL main control panel 主控盘MCR main control room 主控室MCS modulation control system 模拟量控制系统MCS management command system 管理命令系统MDL maximum differential limit 最大偏差限制MFC many function controller 多功能控制器MFP multi function processor 多功能处理器MID middle 中间的MIN minimum 最小MIN minute 分钟MINI miniature 小型的，微型的MN main 主MODL module 模块MON monitor 监视器MPRCS microprocessor 微处理器MPX multiplex/multiplexer 多路传输MTBF 平均无故障工作时间MULT multiple 多重的，并联的N AUTO not in auto 不在自动N AVAL not available 不可用的N OFF not off 没关N ON not on 没开N OPR not in operate 不在运行中N PERM not permitted 不允许的N READ not ready 没准备好N RUN not running 没有运行N SAT not satisfled 不满足条件N TEST not in test 不在试验中N/A not applicable 不适用的NACT not active 无效的NOR not or 或非NPERM no permissives 不允许OIU operator interface unit 操作员接口单元P/E pneumatic to electrical converter 气动/电动转换器PCU process control unit 过程控制单元PCU process control unit 过程控制单元PCV process control view 过程控制图PI pulse input 脉冲量输入PLC programmable logic controller 可编程控制器PLC programmable logic controller 可编程逻辑控制器PLT pilot 副的，控制的，指示PLTN plater 台板，屏式PO pulse output 脉冲量输出PPS 电厂保护系统PRCS process 过程PROB probe 探头，传感器PROG program 程序PROLNG prolong 持续时间长PROT protection 保护PT point 值，点PTRIP protection trip 保护跳闸PU pickup 传感器RESET reset 复位RST reset 复位RSTRD restricted 限制的，禁止的RSVR reservoir 水库，储存器，滞止S/G sub group 子群组SCS sequence control system 顺序控制系统SEQ sequence 顺序SER sequence event recorder 事故顺序记录SER sequence of events recorder 事故的顺序记录SI switch input 开关量输入SIG signal 信号SIL silence 无声的SILENCE silence 消音SMPL sample 取样SO switch output 开关量输出SOE sequence of event 事故顺序SOE sequence of events 事故顺序SOL solenoid 螺线管SOV solenoid operated valve 螺线管控制门，电磁阀STOR storage 储存器，蓄电SUBR subroutine 子程序SUCC successful 成功的SUMR summer 夏天，加法器T/C thermocouple 热电偶TC trip coil 跳闸线圈TCO trip cut out 跳闸断开TEST test 试验TL test link 试验连接TRBL trouble 故障TRGR trigger 触发器TRIPD tripped 跳闸的TS thermoswitch 热电偶开关TST test 试验UNSATSF unsatisfactory 不满足条件的UNSUCC unsuccessful 失败的XDCR transducer 变送器DCS常用2009-03-18 18:48汽轮机常用英文缩写翻译2009-03-05 16:19A/M auto/manual 自动/手动ADS automatic dispatch system 自动调度系统AGC automatic generator control 机组自动发电控制AOP auxiliaty oil pump 辅助油泵AOV air operated valve 汽动门AST automatic stop trip 自动停机跳闸系统A-STP auto stop 自动停止A-STRT auto start 自动启动ATC automatic turbine control 汽轮机自动控制A-TRIP auto trip 自动跳闸AUX auxiliary 辅助的BAF baffle 隔板BASE base 基本方式BBL barrel 圆筒型支架BF boiler follow 锅炉跟随方式BKUP backup 备用BOPMS balance of plant master system 机组辅助设备主控顺序BP base plate 底版，支撑板BPS bypass control system 旁路控制系统BRG bearing 轴承BW backwash 反洗BYP bypass 旁路CAB cabinet 小室CAEP condenser air extraction pump 真空泵CAV cavity 空腔CAVIT cavitation 汽蚀CC closing coil 闭式循环CCCW closed circuit cooling water 闭式循环冷却水CCCWP closed circuit cooling water pump 闭式循环冷却水泵CCW condenser circulating water 循环水CCW counter clockwise 逆时针的CCWP condenser circulating water pump 循环水泵CE case expansion 缸胀CEP condensate extraction pump 凝结水泵CHEM chemical 化学CIV close interceptor valve 关中压调门CLD cold/cooled 冷的CLF clarifier 净化器CLG cooling 冷却CLNG cleaning 清洁，净化CLR cool 冷却器CLS close 关CLSD closed 已关CLU clutch 离合器CND conduit 管道，导线管CNDCT conductivity 导电率，传导率COAG coagulant 凝结剂COAX coaxial 同轴的COND condenser 凝汽器COOL coolant 冷却介质COR coordination 协调控制方式COV cover 外壳CPLG coupling 偶合器，连轴器CRH cold reheat 冷再热CRIT critical 临界的，关键的CSG casing 汽缸CT combustion turbine 燃气轮机CTW cooling tower 冷水塔CV control valve 高调门CW circulating water 循环水CW cooling water 冷却水CWP circulating water pump 循环水泵CYL cylingder 汽缸D density 密度，浓度DE differential expansion 胀差DEA deaerator 除氧器DECR decrease 下降DEG degree(s) 度DEGC degrees celsius 摄氏度DEH digital electro-hydraulic control system 数字电液调节系统DEH digital 数字电液DEMIN demineralization 除盐DESALN desalination 除盐DGS degasifier 脱气器，除氧器DIL dilute/dilution 冲淡稀释DISH dissolved hydrogen 溶氢DISO dissolved oxygen 溶氧DMNRLZR demineralizer 除盐装置DOS dosing 配料，加药DR door 门DSTL distill 蒸馏DSTLT distillate 蒸馏EBOP emergency bearing oil pump 事故轴承油泵ECC eccentricity 偏心度EH electrohydraulic 电液EHC electrohydraulic control 电液控制EOP emergency oil pump 事故油泵ES extraction steam 抽汽ETS emergency trip system 汽轮机紧急跳闸保护系统EXCH exhange/exhanger 交换/交换器EXH exhaust 排气/排汽EXHD exhaust hood 排汽罩/排汽缸EXTR extraction/extractor 抽取/抽汽器FA full arc 全周，全周进汽FCB faster cut back 机组快速甩负荷FCPLG fluid (hydraulic) coupling 液力偶合器FILL filling 充水，充汽FJCTR ejector 抽气器，喷射器FL fluid 流体，液体FLG flange 法兰FLTK flash tank 扩容器FLTR filter 过滤器FLTRG filtering 过滤FNL final 末级，最后FST first 第一级FW feedwater 给水FWP feedwater pump 给水泵GATE gate 门，导叶GLND gland 密封装置，压盖GLND ST gland steam 密封蒸汽，轴封蒸汽GT gas turbine 燃气轮机GTG gas turbine generator 燃气轮机发电机GTV gate valve 闸门GV governor valve 主汽调节门HCL hydrochloric acid 盐酸HDR header 母管，联箱HITASS hitichi turbine automatic start-up system 日立汽轮机自启动系统HL heat loss 热损失HORIZ horizontal 水平的，卧式的HP high pressure 高压HPR hopper 斗，漏斗HPSV high pressure stop valve 高压主汽门HRH hot reheat 再热热段HRSG heat recovery steam generator 回热式汽轮发电机HRT heat rate 热耗率HRU heat recovery unit 回热式机组HS high speed 高速HT heat 加热HTG heating 加热HTR heater 加热器HU humidifier 加湿器HW hotwell 热井HX heat exchange 热交换器HYDR hydraulic 液力的HYDRO hydrostatic 静水的HYPCL hypochlorite 氯化物ICBV interceptor control bypass valve 中调门旁路门ICV interceptor control valve 中调门IMPLR impeller 叶轮INJ injection 喷射INRTNG inerting 惰性的INTMD intermediate 中间的IP intermediate pressure 中压IPSW intermediate press service water 中压厂用水IPSWP intermediate press service water pump 中压厂用水泵IV interceptor valve 中压调节汽门JB junction box 接线盒，连轴器JCT junction 连接JNL journal 轴径JOP jacking oil pump 顶轴油泵LIQ liquid 液体LKG leakage/leaking 泄漏LO lube oil 润滑油LOFF leakoff 泄漏的，已漏的LOP lube oil pump 润滑油泵LP low pressure 低压LUB lube/lubrication 润滑MACH machine 机器MANF manifold 母管MDBFP motor driven boil feed pump 电泵MEH microprocessor electric hydraulic control 微机化电液调节系统MEZZ mezzanine 高压加热器MOP main oil pump 主油泵MOT main oil tank 主油箱MOV motor operated valve 电动门MS main steam 主蒸汽MSSV main steam stop valve 主汽门MSV main steam valve 主汽门MSV main stop valve 主截门MTS master trip solenoid 主跳闸电磁阀NOL normal oil level 正常油位NRV non return valve 逆止阀OIV open interceptor valve 开中压调门OPC overspeed protect controller 超速保护控制PLSH polish/polishing 精处理PLSHR polisher 精处理器PNEU pneumatic 气动的PPS 汽轮机防进水保护RB run back 辅机故障减负荷RD run down 负荷迫降REV reverse 反向REVD reversed 反向的REVLN revolution 转数RNBK runback 快速减负荷ROT rotary 转动的ROTAT rotate 转动ROTATN rotation 转动RPD rupturing disc 叶片断裂RPM revolutions per minute 每分钟的转数RPS revolutions per second 每秒钟的转数RSV reheat stop valve 中压主汽门RSV reserve 备用RTN-N return to normal 复位RTR rotor 转子RU run up 负荷迫升RUNNG running 运行RV self-regulating valve 自动调整门S/O shutoff 断开SA OFF semi-auto off 半自动关SA ON semi-auto on 半自动开SAF safety 安全SD shutdown 停机SEL select 选择SELD selected 已选好的SEP separate/separator 分离/分离器SET setting/settling 设定SEW sewer 下水道SFT shaft 轴SG standby generator 备用发电机SHL shell 外壳SJAE steam jet air ejector 射汽抽气器SK sink 排水管，排水沟，散热器SO seal oil 密封油SOP seal oil pump 密封油泵SP set point 设定值SPD speed 速度SPGR specific gravity 比重SPRG sparging 喷淋，鼓泡SPRY spary 喷射SPVOL specific volume 比容SS selector switch 选择开关STG stage 级STG steam turbine generator 汽轮发电机STP stop 停止STPD stopped 已停止STPG stopping 停止的STR strainer 拉紧装置，过滤器STRT start 启动STRTD started 已启动的STRTG starting 启动的SU startup 开机SU/SD startup/shutdown 开机/停机SUB submerged 浸在水中的SUCT suction 吸入，抽真空SUP support 支承SUPV supervisory 监视的SUPVN supervision 监视SV servo valve 电液伺服阀（电液转换器）SV stop valve 截止门SWC service water closed 闭式水SWCP service water closed pump 闭式水泵SWCS service water closed sump 闭式水箱SWO service water open 开式水SWOP service water open pump 开式水泵TCS turbine control system 汽轮机控制系统TDM turbine diagnose monitoring 汽轮机运行监视、诊断管理TEMP temperature 温度TF turbine follow 汽机跟随方式T-G turbine generator 汽轮发电机TGOP turbine gear oil pump 盘车油泵TGR turbine gear 盘车THR thrust 推力THRBRG thrust bearing 推力轴承THRM thermal 热力的THROT throttle 节流TK tank 箱，容器T-MCR turbine maximum continous rate 汽轮机最大连续出力TPC throttlt pressure control 主蒸汽压力控制TRSHRK trashrack 滤网TRTMT treatment 处理TRVL travel/travelling 运行，旋转TRVSCN travelling screens 旋转滤网TSI turbine supervisory instrument 汽轮机监测仪表系统TSI turbine supervisory instrumentation 汽轮机检测仪表TURB turbine 汽轮机TURBFLW turbine flow 汽轮机流量TURN turning 转动TV throttle valve 主汽门TWR tower 塔UAM unit automatic management 机组自启停管理系统UM unit master 机组主控UMS unit master sequence 机组主控顺序UNBAL unbalance(d) 不平衡UPR upper 上部的UPSTR upstream 上游的；逆流的；进口的VAC vacuum 真空VAP vapor 蒸汽VERT vertical 垂直的VIB vibrator/vibration 振动器/振动VLV valve 阀门VOL volume 体积；容积VP pneumaticlly operated valve 气动门V-V 通风排汽阀VWO valve wide open 阀门全开WASH washer/washing 冲洗WMUP warmup 暖机WTR water 水ZS 零转速监视系统。

制冷专业英语大全

制冷专业英语基本术语制冷refrigeration蒸发制冷evaporative refrigeration沙漠袋desert bag制冷机refrigerating machine制冷机械refrigerating machinery制冷工程refrigeration engineering制冷工程承包商refrigeration contractor 制冷工作者refrigerationist制冷工程师refrigeration engineer 制冷技术员refrigeration technician 制冷技师refrigeration technician制冷技工refrigeration mechanic冷藏工人icer制冷安装技工refrigeration installation mechanic制冷维修技工refrigeration serviceman 冷藏链cold chain制冷与空调维修店refrigeration and air conditioning repair shop 冷藏refrigerated prvservation一般制冷换热器英语换热器heat exchanger 热交换器heat exchanger紧凑式换热器compact heat exchanger 管式换热器tubular heat exchanger套管式换热器double-pipe heat exchanger间壁式换热器surface type heat exchanger表面式换热器surface type heat exchanger板管式换热器tube-on-sheet heat exchanger板翅式换热器plate-fin heat exchanger板式换热器plate heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger平板式换热器flat plate heat exchanger顺流式换热器parallel flow heat exchanger逆流式换热器counter flow heat exchanger*流式换热器cross-flow heat echanger 折流式换热器turn back flow heat exchanger直接接触式换热器direct heat exchanger旋转式换热器rotary heat exchanger刮削式换热器scraped heat exchanger热管式换热器heat pipe exchanger蓄热器recuperator壳管式换热器shell and tube heat exchanger 管板tube plate可拆端盖removable head管束bundle of tube管束尺寸size of tube bundle顺排管束in-line hank of tubes错排管束staggered hank of tubes盘管coil蛇形管serpentine coil U形管U-tube光管bare tube肋片管finned tube 翅片管finned tube肋管finned tube肋管束finned tube bundle肋片fin套片plate fin螺旋肋spiral fin整体肋integral fin纵向肋longitudinal fin 钢丝肋wire fin内肋inner fin肋片管尺寸size of fin tube肋片厚度fin thickness 肋距spacing of fin肋片数pitch of fin肋片长度finned length肋片高度finned height肋效率fin efficiency 换热面积heat exchange surface传热面积heat exchange surface冷却面积cooling surface加热表面heat exchange surface基表面primary surface 扩展表面extended surface肋化表面finned surface迎风表面face area流通表面flow area净截面积net area;effective sectional area迎风面流速face velocity净截面流速air velocity at net area迎风面质量流速face velocity of mass净截面质量流速mass velocity at net area冷（热）媒有效流通面积effective area for cooling or heating medium冷（热）媒流速velocity of cooling or heating medium干工况dry condition；sensible cooling condition湿工况wet condition；dehumidifying condition 接触系数contactfactor旁通系数bypass factor 换热效率系数coefficient of heat transmission effectiveness盘管风阻力air pressure drop of coil；air resistance of coil盘管水阻力pressure drop of cooling or heating medium表面冷却surface cooling蒸发冷却evaporating cooling冷却元件cooling element涡流管制冷英语涡流制冷效应vortex refrigerating effect兰克-赫尔胥效应Ranque-Hilsch effect涡流管制冷vortex tube refrigeration涡流管vortex tube兰克管Ranque tube 膨胀喷嘴expansion injector涡流室vortex device 分离孔板separation orifice调节阀control valve 膨胀压力比expansion pressure ratio冷气流分量cold gas fraction热气流分量hot gas fraction冷却效应coolingeffect加热效应heating effect冷却效率cooling efficiency磁制冷英语磁热效应magnetocaloric effect 磁制冷magnetic refrigeration磁制冷机magnetic refrigerating machine磁冰箱magnetic refrigerator压缩机制冷系统及机组制冷系统refrigeration system制冷机refrigerating machine机械压缩制冷系统mechanical compression refrigeration system蒸气压缩制冷系统vapour compression refrigeration system压缩式系统compression system压缩机compressor制冷压缩机refrigerating compressor,refrigerant compressor吸气端suction end排气端discharge end 低压侧low pressure side高压侧high pressure side蒸发压力evaporating pressure吸气压力suction pressure,back pressure 排气压力discharge pressure蒸发温度evaporating temperature冷凝压力condensing pressure冷凝温度condensing temperature吸气温度suction temperature回气温度back temperature排气温度discharge temperature压缩比compression ratio双效压缩dual compression 单级压缩single-stage compression双级压缩compound compression多级压缩multistage compression压缩级compression stage低压级low pressure stage高压级high pressure stage中间压力intermediate pressure中间冷却intercooling 多级膨胀multistage expansion湿压缩wet compression干压缩drycompression制冷系统refrigerating system机械制冷系统mechanical refrigerating system氟利昂制冷系统freon refrigerating system氨制冷系统ammonia refrigerating system压缩式制冷系统compression refrigerating system单级压缩制冷系统single-stage compression refrigeration system双级压缩制冷系统two-stage compression refrigeration system多级制冷系统multistage refrigerating system复叠式制冷系统cascade refrigerating system混合制冷剂复叠系统mixed refrigerant cascade集中制冷系统central refrigerating plant直接制冷系统direct refrigeration system直接膨胀供液制冷系统refrigeration system with supply liqiud direct expansion重力供液制冷系统refrigeration system with supply liquid refrigerant for the evaporator bygravity液泵供液制冷系统refrigeration system with supply liquid refrigerant for evaporator by liquid pump间接制冷系统indirect refrigeration system融霜系统defrosting system热气融霜系统defrosting system by superheated vapour电热融霜系统eletrothermal defrosting system制冷系统故障breakdown of the refrigerating system冰堵freeze-up 冰塞ice plug脏堵filth blockage油堵greasy blockage 液击（冲缸、敲缸）slugging湿行程wet stroke镀铜现象appearance of copper-plating烧毁burn-out倒霜frost back制冷机组refrigerating unit压缩机组compressor unit开启式压缩机组open type compresssor unit 开启式压缩机open type compressor半封闭式压缩机组semihermeticcompressor unit半封闭式压缩机semihermetic compressor全封闭式压缩机组hermetically sealed compressor unit全封闭式压缩机hermetically sealed compressor压缩冷凝机组condensing unit全封闭式压缩冷凝机组hermetically sealed condensing unit半封闭式压缩冷凝机组semihermetically sealed condensing unit 开启式压缩冷凝机组open type compressor condensing unit工业用压缩冷凝机组industrial condensing unit商业用压缩冷凝机组commercial condensing unit整马力压缩冷凝机组integral horsepower condensing unit分马力压缩冷凝机组fractional horsepower condensing unit跨式制冷机组straddle refrigerating unit容积式压缩机及零部件英语容积式压缩机positive displacement compressor往复式压缩机（活塞式压缩机）reciprocating compressor回转式压缩机rotary compressor滑片式压缩机sliding vane compressor单滑片回转式压缩机single vane rotary compressor滚动转子式压缩机rolling rotor compressor 三角转子式压缩机triangle rotor compressor多滑片回转式压缩机multi-vane rotary compressor滑片blade旋转活塞式压缩机rolling piston compressor涡旋式压缩机scroll compressor涡旋盘scroll固定涡旋盘stationary scroll,fixed scroll驱动涡旋盘driven scroll,orbiting scroll斜盘式压缩机（摇盘式压缩机）swash plate compressor斜盘swash plate摇盘wobble plate螺杆式压缩机screw compressor单螺杆压缩机single screw compressor阴转子female rotor 阳转子male rotor主转子main rotor闸转子gate rotor无油压缩机oil free compressor膜式压缩机diaphragm compressor活塞式压缩机reciprocating compressor单作用压缩机single acting compressor双作用压缩机double acting compressor双效压缩机dual effect compressor双缸压缩机twin cylinder compressor闭式曲轴箱压缩机closed crankcase compressor 开式曲轴箱压缩机open crankcase compressor顺流式压缩机uniflow compressor逆流式压缩机return flow compressor干活塞式压缩机dry piston compressor双级压缩机compund compressor多级压缩机multistage compressor差动活塞式压缩机stepped piston compound compressor,differential piston compressor串轴式压缩机tandem compressor,dualcompressor截止阀line valve,stop valve排气截止阀discharge line valve吸气截止阀suction line valve部分负荷旁通口partial duty port能量调节器energy regulator容量控制滑阀capacity control slide valve容量控制器capacity control消声器muffler联轴节coupling曲轴箱crankcase曲轴箱加热器crankcase heater 轴封crankcase seal,shaft seal填料盒stuffing box轴封填料shaft packing机械密封mechanical seal波纹管密封bellows seal转动密封rotary seal 迷宫密封labyrinth seal 轴承bearing滑动轴承sleeve bearing偏心环eccentric strap 滚珠轴承ball bearing 滚柱轴承roller bearing滚针轴承needle bearing止推轴承thrust bearing外轴承pedestal bearing臼形轴承footstep bearing轴承箱bearing housing止推盘thrust collar偏心销eccentric pin 曲轴平衡块crankshaft counterweight,crankshaf t balance weight曲柄轴crankaxle偏心轴eccentric type crankshaft曲拐轴crankthrow type crankshaft连杆connecting rod 连杆大头crank pin end连杆小头piston pin end曲轴crankshaft主轴颈main journal 曲柄crank arm,crank shaft曲柄销crank pin曲拐crank throw曲拐机构crank-toggle 阀盘valve disc阀杆valve stem阀座valve seat阀板valve plate阀盖valve cage阀罩valve cover阀升程限制器valve lift guard阀升程valve lift阀孔valve port吸气口suction inlet压缩机气阀compressor valve吸气阀suction valve 排气阀delivery valve 圆盘阀disc valve环片阀ring plate valve 簧片阀reed valve舌状阀cantilever valve 条状阀beam valve提升阀poppet valve 菌状阀mushroom valve杯状阀tulip valve缸径cylinder bore余隙容积clearance volume附加余隙（补充余隙）clearance pocket活塞排量swept volume,piston displacement理论排量theoretical displacement实际排量actual displacement实际输气量actual displacement,actual output of gas气缸工作容积working volume of the cylinder活塞行程容积piston displacement气缸cylinder气缸体cylinder block 气缸壁cylinder wall 水冷套water cooled jacket气缸盖（气缸头）cylinder head安全盖（假盖）safety head假盖false head活塞环piston ring气环sealing ring刮油环scraper ring油环scrape ring活塞销piston pin活塞piston活塞行程piston stroke 吸气行程suction stroke膨胀行程expansion stroke压缩行程compression stroke排气行程discharge stroke升压压缩机booster compressor立式压缩机vertical compressor卧式压缩机horizontal compressor角度式压缩机angular type compressor对称平衡型压缩机symmetrically balanced type compress吸收式制冷机英语吸收式制冷机absorption refrigerating machine吸收式制冷系统absorption refrigerating system间歇式吸收系统intermittent absoprtion system连续循环吸收式系统continuous cycle absorption system固体吸收式制冷solid absorption refrigeration 氨-水吸收式制冷机ammonia/water absorption refrigerating machine单级氨-水吸收式制冷机single stage ammonia/water absorption refrigerating machine多级氨-水吸收式制冷机multistage ammonia/water absorption refrigerating machine双级氨-水吸收式制冷机ammonia/water absorption refrigerating machine with two stage absorption process双级发生和双级吸收式氨-水制冷机ammonia/water absorption refrigerating machine with two stage generation and absoprtion process分解decomposition水解hydrolysis扩散diffusion能量增强剂energy booster缓蚀剂anticorrsive发生不足incomplete boiling吸收不足incompleteabsorption喷淋密度sprinkle density溴化锂lithium bromide溴化锂水溶液aqueous solution of lithium bromide氨水溶液aqueous solution of ammonia吸收剂absorbent,absorbing agent吸附剂adsorbent溶液solution浓度concentration溶解度solubility溶剂solvent溶质solute浓溶液rich solution,concentrated solution稀溶液weak solution,diluted solution 溶液分压partial pressure of liquor吸收absorption吸附adsorption吸收式制冷absorption refrigeration 吸附式制冷adsorption refrigeration 工质对working substance热力系数heat ratio放气范围deflation ratio焓-浓度图enthalpy concentration chart溴化锂吸收式制冷机lithiumbromide absorption refrigerating machine单效型溴化锂吸收式制冷机single-effect lithiumbromide absorption refrigerating machine两效型溴化锂吸收式制冷机double-effect lithiumbromide absorption refrigerating machine单筒型溴化锂吸收式制冷机one-shell lithiumbromide absorption refrigerating machine双筒型溴化锂吸收式制冷机two-shell lithiumbromide absorption refrigerating machine三筒型溴化锂吸收式制冷机three-shell lithiumbromide absorption refrigerating machine两级溴化锂吸收式制冷机two-stage lithiumbromide absorption refrigerating machine直燃式溴化锂吸收式制冷机direct-fired lithiumbormide absorption refrigerating machine溴化锂吸收式冷温水机组lithiumbromideabsorption water heater chiller无泵型溴化锂吸收式制冷机lithiumbromide absorption refrigerating machine with bubble pump蒸汽型吸收式制冷机steam operated absorption refrigerating machine热水型吸收式制冷机hot water operated absorption refrigerating machine发生器generator沉浸式发生器submerged generator喷淋式发生器spray-type generator 立式降膜式发生器vertical falling film generator直燃式发生器direct-fired generator高压发生器high pressure generator低压发生器low pressure generator吸收器absorber喷淋式吸收器spray absorber降膜式吸收器falling film absorber立式降膜式吸收器vertical falling film absorber卧式降膜式吸收器horizontal falling film absorber喷淋装置spray system 溶液换热器solution heat exchanger溶晶管anti-crystallinic pipe抽气装置purging system精馏器rectifier屏蔽泵shield pump发生器泵generator pump吸收器泵absorber pump蒸发器泵evaporator pump溶液泵solution pump 氨水泵aqua-ammonia pump混合阀mixing valve太阳能制冷与供热英语太阳能solar energy太阳常数solar constant太阳能系统solar energy system被动式太阳能系统passive solar energy system主动式太阳能系统active solar energy system混合式太阳能系统hybrid solar energy system太阳能制冷solar cooling太阳能热机驱动制冷solarpowered cooling 太阳能吸收式制冷机solar absorption refrigerating machine光-热转换制冷photothermal refrigeration光-电转换制冷photoelectrical refrigeration太阳能蒸汽喷射制冷机solar steam jet refrigerating machine连续式太阳能吸收式制冷机continual solar absorption refrigerating machine间歇式太阳能吸收式制冷机intermittent solar absorption refrigerating machine敞开式太阳能吸收式制冷机open solar absorption refrigerating machine太阳能空调装置solar air-conditioning system 太阳能制冷系统solar energy cooling system,solar cooling system太阳能集热器solar collector选择式吸收表面selective absorber surface电淀积electrodeposition平板型太阳能集热器flat plate solar collector 真空管太阳能集热器tubular solarcollector,vacuum tube collector聚光型太阳能机热器focus solar collector集热量heat-collecting capacity集热温度heat-collecting temperature集热效率heat-collecting efficiency 蓄热介质heat storge medium岩石蓄热容器rock storge container辅助热源supplementary heat source太阳能贮存系统solar energy storge system 太阳能供热系统solar heating system,solar space heating installation自然循环闭式供水系统natural convection closed water system强制循环闭式供水系统forced convection in a closed water system 热风供热系统warm air heating system家用太阳能热水系统solar domestic water heating system热管与余热制冷英语热管heat pipe深冷热管cryogenic heat pipe低温热管lowtemperature heat pipe 中温热管moderate temperature heat pipe 高温热管liquid metal heat pipe管芯wick相容性compatibility 传热极限heat transport limitation重力热管gravity assisted heat pipe热管换热器heat pipe exchanger深冷热管手术器heat pipe surgery cryoprobe 余热exhaust heat低温余热low temperature exhaust heat余热制冷utilizing waste heat for refrigeration氟利昂透平freon turbine氟利昂透平离心式制冷机centrifugal refrigerating machine driven by freon turbine 动力-制冷循环power/refrigeration cycle透平压缩机及零部件英语涡流swirl叶片颤振blade flutter 叶片通过频率blade passing frequency喘振surging脱流stall叶轮反应度(反作用度)impeller reaction叶轮impeller半开式叶轮unshrouded impeller闭式叶轮shrouded impeller叶片blade,vane导流叶片组件pre-rotary vane assembly扩压器diffuser蜗壳scroll滑动slip透平压缩机turbocompressor离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor 轴流式压缩机axial flow compressor刚性轴离心式压缩机stiff-shaft centrifugal compressor挠性轴离心式压缩机flexibleshaft centrifugal compressor亚音速压缩机subsonic compressor超音速压缩机supersonic compressor 冷却塔英语自然通风式冷却塔atmpspheric cooling tower，natural draught cooling tower机械通风式冷水塔mechanical draught cooling tower吸风式冷水塔induced draught cooling tower 送风式冷水塔forceddraught cooling tower 水膜式冷水塔film cooling tower水滴式冷水塔drop cooling tower喷雾式冷水塔spray cooling tower拉西环Rasching rings 温度接近值approach 水垢scale水垢抑制剂scale inhibitor藻类algae防藻剂algaecide淀渣slime升压阀back-up valve 冷水塔water cooling tower，cooling tower 凉水塔water cooling tower，cooling tower 冷却塔water cooling tower，cooling tower 喷水池spray pond干式冷水塔dry cooling tower湿-干式冷水塔wet-dry cooling tower 冷水塔填料packing of cooling tower，fill of cooling tower膜式填料film packing 帘栅形填料grid packing，grid fill片式填料plate packing，plate fill松散填料random packing，random fill飞溅式填料splash packing空气压缩制冷系统英语空气循环制冷air-cycle refrigeration空气循环制冷机air-cycle refrigerating machine涡轮冷却器turbine cooler温降temperature drops开式循环open cycle 闭式循环closed cycle 除水water elimination 补气air supply回热式空气制冷循环regenerative air cycle飞机座舱空调系统aircraft air-conditioning system增压式飞机空调系统"Bootstrap" system冲压空气ram air制冷系统自动调节流量调节flow regulation制冷剂控制器refrigerant control膨胀阀expansion valve节流阀throttle valve 热力膨胀阀thermostatic expansion valve热电膨胀阀thermal electric expansion valve 内平衡热力膨胀阀internal equalizer thermostaice expansion valve外平衡热力膨胀阀external equalizer thermostaice expansion valve外平衡管external equalizer pipe内平衡管internal equalizer pipe蒸发器阻力损失pressure drop of evaporator同工质充注same material charge交*充注cross charge 吸附充注absorptive charge气体充注gas charge 膨胀阀过热度superheat degree of expansion valve过热温度调节superheat temperature regulation膨胀阀容量expansion valve capacity手动膨胀阀hand expansion valve自动膨胀阀automatic expansion valve浮球调节阀float regulation valve浮球阀float valve低压浮球阀low pressure float valve高压浮球阀high pressure float valve流量调节flow regualation制冷剂控制器refrigerant control膨胀阀expansionvalve节流阀throttle valve 热力膨胀阀thermostatic expansion valve热电膨胀阀thermal electric expansion valve 内平衡热力膨胀阀internal equalizer thermostaice expansion valve外平衡热力膨胀阀external equalizer thermostaice expansion valve外平衡管external equalizer pipe内平衡管internal equalizer pipe蒸发器阻力损失pressure drop of evaporator同工质充注same material charge交*充注cross charge 吸附充注absorptive charge气体充注gas charge 膨胀阀过热度superheat degree of expansion valve过热温度调节superheat temperature regulation膨胀阀容量expansion valve capacity手动膨胀阀hand expansion valve自动膨胀阀automatic expansion valve浮球调节阀float regulation valve浮球阀float valve低压浮球阀low pressure float valve高压浮球阀high pressure float valve恒压膨胀阀constant pressure expansion valve能量调节capacity regulator单机能量调节capacity regulation of single unit 卸载能量调节capacity regulation of load drainage程序指令式能量调节系统capacity regulation system of program order电磁阀solenoid valve 电磁滑阀magnetic slide valve三通电磁阀three way magnetic valve蒸汽喷射式制冷系统英语蒸汽喷射制冷steam jet refrigeration蒸汽喷射制冷机steam-jet refrigerating machine蒸发式蒸汽喷射制冷机evaporation-type steam jet refrigeration machine混合式蒸汽喷射制冷机contact-type steam jet refrigerating machine蒸汽喷射制冷系统steam jet refrigerating system蒸汽喷射器steam ejector主喷射器main ejector 辅助喷射器auxiliary ejector喷射系数jet coefficient主冷凝器main condenser辅助冷凝器auxiliary condenser多效蒸发multieffective evaporation高位安装high-level installation低位安装low-level installation高低位安装high-low-level installation臭氧层保护英语臭氧ozone臭氧层ozonesphere,ozone layer 臭氧层破坏ozonesphere depletion,ozonesphere disturbance消耗臭氧层物质ozone depleting substances（ODS）禁用制冷剂forbidden refrigerant过渡制冷剂transition refrigerant替代制冷剂substituterefrigerant自然制冷剂natural refrigerant氟利昂家族freon group全氟代烃fluorocarbon （FC）氯氟烃chloroflurocarbon （CFC）氢氟烃hydrofluorocarbon （HCF）含氢氯氟烃hydrochloroflurocarbon （HCFC）含氢氯化烃hydrochlorocarbon （HCC）全氯化烃polychlorocarbon （PCC）哈龙Halon 共沸混合物azeotropic mixture碳氢化合物hydrocarbon compound,hydrocarbon （HC）臭氧消耗潜能值ozone depletion potential（ODP）温室效应greenhouse effect 全球变暖global warming京都议定书kyoto protocol全球变暖潜能值global warming potential （GWP）变暖影响总当量total equivalent warming impact （TEWI）寿命期气候性能life cycle climate performance（LCCP）蕴含能量embodied energy不易收集的排放fugitive emissions热电制冷英语热电制冷thermoelectric refrigeration温差电制冷thermoelectric refrigeration半导体制冷semiconductor refrigeration热电效应thermoelectric effect塞贝克效应Seebeck effect珀尔帖效应Peltier effect热电制冷效应thermoelectric refrigeration effect汤姆逊效应Thomson effect焦耳效应Joule effect 傅里叶效应Fourier effect温差电动势thermoelectric power塞贝克系数Seebeck coefficient优值系数figure of merit热电堆thermoelectric pile温差电堆thermoelectric pile最佳电流optimum current经济电流economic current热电半导体thermoelectric semiconductors热电材料thermoelectric material 热电制冷材料thermoelectric cooling materialn型半导体n-type semiconductorsp型半导体p-type semiconductors半导体制冷器thermoelectric-refrigerat ing unit热电制冷器thermoelectric refrigerating unit热电空调器thermoelectric air conditioner半导体空调器thermoelectric air conditioner半导体恒温器thermoelectric thermostat半导体冷饮水器thermoelectric drinking water cooler半导体热泵thermoelectric heat pump半导体降温机thermoelectric dehumidifier低温半导体制冷器low temperature thermoelectric unit焊接式半导体制冷器soldered thermoelectric refrigerating unit粘接式半导体制冷器sticky thermoelectric refrigerating unit嵌装式半导体制冷器inlaid thermoelectric refrigerating unit复叠式半导体制冷器cascade thermoelectric refrigerating unit医用半导体制冷器medicine thermoelectric refrigerating unit盐水冷却系统开式盐水冷却系统open brine system闭式盐水系统closed brine system盐水箱brine bank 盐水混合箱brine mixing tank盐水溢流箱brine return tank盐水回流箱brine return tank盐水膨胀箱brine balance tank盐水加热器brine heater盐水冷却器brine cooler盐水筒brine drum盐水集管brine header 盐水泵brine pump盐水喷雾brine spray 盐水喷淋brine sparge 制冷暖通行业品牌中英文对照AEROFLEX “亚罗弗”保温ALCO “艾科”自控Alerton 雅利顿Alfa laval阿法拉伐ARMSTRONG “阿姆斯壮”保温AUX 奥克斯BELIMO 瑞士“搏力谋”BERONOR西班牙“北诺尔”电加热器BILTUR 意大利“百得”BOSIC “柏诚”自控BROAD 远大Burnham美国“博恩汉”锅炉CALPEDA意大利“科沛达”水泵CARLY 法国“嘉利”制冷配件Carrier 开利Chigo 志高Cipriani 意大利斯普莱力CLIMAVENETA意大利“克莱门特”Copeland“谷轮”压缩机CYRUS意大利”赛诺思”自控DAIKIN 大金Danfoss丹佛斯Dorin “多菱”压缩机DUNHAM-BUSH 顿汉布什DuPont美国“杜邦”制冷剂Dwyer 美国德威尔EBM “依必安”风机ELIWELL意大利“伊力威”自控EVAPCO美国“益美高”冷却设备EVERY CONTROL意大利“美控”Erie 怡日FRASCOLD 意大利“富士豪”压缩机FRICO瑞典“弗瑞克”空气幕FUJI “富士”变频器FULTON 美国“富尔顿”锅炉GENUIN “正野”风机GREE 格力GREENCOOL格林柯尔GRUNDFOS “格兰富”水泵Haier 海尔Hisense 海信HITACHI 日立Honeywell 霍尼韦尔Johnson 江森Kelon 科龙KRUGER瑞士“科禄格”风机KU BA德国“库宝”冷风机Liang Chi 良机LIEBERT 力博特MARLEY “马利”冷却塔Maneurop法国“美优乐”压缩机McQuary 麦克维尔Midea 美的MITSUBISHI三菱Munters 瑞典“蒙特”除湿机Oventrop德国“欧文托普”阀门Panasonic 松下RANCO “宏高”自控REFCOMP意大利“莱富康”压缩机RIDGID 美国“里奇”工具RUUD美国“路德”空调RYODEN “菱电”冷却塔SanKen “三垦”变频器Samsung 三星SANYO 三洋SASWELL英国森威尔Schneider 施耐德SenseAir 瑞典“森尔”传感器SIEMENS 西门子SINKO "新晃“空调SINRO “新菱”冷却塔S TAND “思探得”加湿器SWEP 舒瑞普TECKA “台佳”空调Tecumseh“泰康”压缩机TRANE 特灵TROX德国“妥思” VASALA芬兰“维萨拉”传感器WILO德国“威乐”水泵WITTLER 德国”威特”阀门YORK 约克ZENNER德国“真兰”计量制冷能力及计算术语英语运行工况operating conditions标准性能standard rating标准工况standard condition空调工况air conditioning condition 内部条件internal conditions外部条件external conditions蓄热accumulation of heat 蓄冷accumulation of cold制冰能力ice-making capacity热泵用压缩机的供热系数heat-pump compressor coefficient of performance容积效率volumetric efficiency容积输气量vulumetric displacement 实际输气量actual displacement理论输气量theoretical displacement冷凝热量condenser heat过冷热量heat of subcooling过热热量superheat运转工况下的制冷量rating under working conditions标准制冷量standard rating名义工况normal conditions试验工况test conditions轴功率brake power效率efficiency指示效率indicated efficiency机械效率mechanical efficiency总效率overall efficiency制冷系数coefficient of performance （COP）制冷压缩机的制冷系数refrigerating compressor coefficient of performance热力完善度thermodynamical perfectness能效比energy efficiency ratio （EER）热泵供热系数heat-pump coefficient of performance空调有效显热制冷量useful sensible heat capacity of air conditioner空调有效潜热（减湿）制冷量useful latent heat (dehumidifyying) capacity of airconditioner空调器有效总制冷量useful total capacity of air conditioner制冷剂循环量circulating mass of refrigerant制冷剂循环容积circulating volume of refrigerant单位压缩功compress work per mass示功图indicator diagram指示功indicated work 摩擦功frictional work 功率power摩擦功率frictional power指示功率indicated power理论功率idea power 制冷量refrigerating capacity总制冷量gross refrigerating capacity净制冷量net refrigerating capacity单位制冷量refrigerating capacity per weighing单位容积制冷量refrigerating capacity per unit of swept volume制冷系统制冷量system refrigerating capacity单位轴功率制冷量refrigerating effect per shaft power压缩冷凝机组制冷量compressor condensing unit refrigerating capacity制冷压缩机制冷量refrigerant compressor capacity蒸发器净制冷量net cooler refrigerating capacity制冷装置制冷装置refrigerating installation，refrigerating plant工业制冷装置industrial refrigerating plant商业制冷装置commercial refrigerating plant 中心站房central station成套机组self-contained system 规范安装code installation制冷回路refrigerating circuit热平衡heat balance货物负荷product load 操作负荷service load 设计负荷design load 负荷系数load factor 制冷装置试验与操作试运转commissioning 吹污flush气密性试验gas-tight test，air-right test密闭容器closed container漏气air infiltration放气air vent检漏leak hunting，leak detection检漏仪leak detector 卤素灯halide torch电子检漏仪electronic leak detector真空试验vacuum test 试验压力test pressure 工作压力operating pressure，working pressure最高工作压力highest operating pressure气密试验压力gas-tight test pressure 设计压力design pressure平衡压力balance pressure充气aerate，gas charging制冷剂充注refrigerant charging首次充注initial charge 保护充注holding charge，service charge 制冷剂不足lack of refrigerant，under-charge，gas shortage缺液starveling充灌台charging board 充灌量charge充注过多overcharge 供液过多overfeeding 制冷剂抽空pump down of refrigerant降温试验pull downtest制冷[功能]试验refrigeration test卸载起动no-load starting，unloaded start 卸载机构unloader闪发flash vaporization，instantaneous vaporization闪发气体flash gas不凝性气体non condensable gas气体排除gas purging，degassing，gasoff阀针跳动hammering，needle hammer阀振荡hunting of a valve阀片跳动valve flutter，valve bounce短期循环short-cycling 异常温升overheating 泄漏leak气蚀cavitation制冷剂瓶refrigerant cylinder，gas bottle检修用瓶service cylinder，gas bottle紧急泄放阀emergency-relief valve 检修阀service valve 安全阀pressure relief valve抽空阀pump out valve 加油阀oil charge valve 放油阀oil drain valve 放空阀purge valve充灌阀charging valve 喷液阀liquid injectionvalve润滑油润滑油lubricant oil冷冻机油refrigeration oil冷冻油refrigerant oil 凝点condensation point闪点flash point浊点cloud point絮凝点flock point流动点pour point起泡foaming皂化saponify油泥sludge结碳carbonization制冷剂制冷剂（制冷工质）refrigerant高温制冷剂high temperature refrigerant 低压制冷剂low pressure refrigerant中温制冷剂medium temperature refrigerant 中压制冷剂medium pressure refrigerant低温制冷剂low temperature refrigerant 高压制冷剂high pressure refrigerant氟利昂freon卤化碳制冷剂halocarbo refrigerant氟利昂11 freon 11氟利昂12 freon 12氟利昂13 freon 13氟利昂14 freon 14氟利昂22 freon 22氟利昂113 freon 113氟利昂125 freon 125 氟利昂134a freon 134a 氟利昂152a freon 152a 碳氢化合物制冷剂hydrocarbon refrigerant 甲烷methane乙烷ethane丙烷propane丁烷butane异丁烷isobutane乙烯ethylene无机化合物制冷剂inorganic compund refrigerant氨ammonia二氧化碳carbon dioxide二氧化硫sulphur dioxide干冰dry ice 共沸制冷剂azeotropic mixture refrigerant氟里昂500 freon 500 氟里昂501 freon 501 氟里昂502 freon 502 氟里昂503 freon 503 氟里昂504 freon 504 近共沸溶液制冷剂near azeotropic mixture refrigerant非共沸溶液制冷剂nonazeotropic mixture refrigerant蒸发器壳盘管式蒸发器shell-and-coil evaporator 壳管式蒸发器shell-and-tube evaporator喷淋式蒸发器spray-type evaporator 立管式蒸发器vertical-type evaporator 平行管蒸发器receway coil螺旋管式蒸发器spiral tube evaporator“V”型管蒸发器herringbone type evaporator沉浸式盘管蒸发器submerged evaporator 板式蒸发器plate-type evaporator螺旋板式蒸发器spiral sheet evaporator平板式蒸发器plate-type evaporator，tube-in-sheet evaporator 管板式蒸发器tube-on-sheet evaporator凹凸板式蒸发器embossed-plate evaporator吹胀式蒸发器roll-bond evaporator压焊板式蒸发器roll-bond evaporator制冰块器的蒸发器ice cube maker evaporator 结冰式蒸发器ice-bank evaporator蓄冰式蒸发器ice-bank evaporator结霜蒸发器frosting evaporator除霜蒸发器defrosting evaporator无霜蒸发器nonfrosting evaporator 强制通风蒸发器forced circulation evaporator冷液式蒸发器liquid cooling evaporator封套式蒸发器wrap-round evaporator 蒸发器evaporator直接冷却式蒸发器direct evaporator直接式蒸发器direct evaporator间接冷却式蒸发器indirect cooled evaporator间接式蒸发器indirect evaporator干式蒸发器dry expansion evaporator 满液式蒸发器flooded evaporator再循环式蒸发器recirculation-type evaporator强制循环式蒸发器pump-feed evaporator 冷凝器英语冷凝器condenser冷凝液condensate空冷式冷凝器air-cooled condenser风冷式冷凝器air-cooled condenser自然对流空冷式冷凝器natural convecton air-cooled condenser强制通风式冷凝器forced draught condenser冷凝风机condensate fan线绕式冷凝器wire and tube condenser水冷式冷凝器water-cooled condenser 沉浸式盘管冷凝器submerged coil condenser套管式冷凝器double pipe condenser壳管式冷凝器shell and tube condenser组合式冷凝器multishell condenser卧式壳管式冷凝器closed shell and tube condenser卧式冷凝器closed condenser 立式壳管式冷凝器open shell and tube condenser立式冷凝器open condenser，vertical condenser壳盘管式冷凝器shell and coil condenser分隔式冷凝器split condenser淋激式冷凝器atmospheric condenser 溢流式冷凝器bleeder-type condenser 蒸发式冷凝器evaporative condenser 板式冷凝器plate-type condenser空冷板式冷凝器air-cooled plate-type。