借词

Material Items
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • egg roll：油炸春卷 ： wonton：混沌 ： dim sum茶点 茶点 silk丝绸 丝绸 tea茶 茶 Chow mein （1903年来自“炒面” 年来自“ 年来自 炒面” Souchong（一种茶） （一种茶）Fish ball soup鱼丸汤 鱼丸汤 Salted duck egg咸鸭蛋 咸鸭蛋 Clay oven rolls烧饼 烧饼 Fried bread stick油条 油条 Soybean milk豆浆 豆浆 oolong (乌龙茶 、 乌龙茶) 乌龙茶 Twankay(屯溪茶 、 屯溪茶) 屯溪茶 loquat (枇杷 、 枇杷) 枇杷 pongee (山东府绸 山东府绸) 山东府绸
What is loan words?
• Definition • A loan word refers to a term that was borrowed from another language. • Although loanwords are typically far less numerous than the "native" words of most languages (creoles being an obvious exception), they are often widely known and used, since their borrowing served a certain purpose.
1.Narrowing the original meaning of the word have been narrowed or restricted to a specific sense. for example: koto, katana, geta. 2.Meaning shift What makes the meaning shift is its departure from its original domain as a result of its metaphorical usage. For instance: Kinmakiye, taka-makiye, sukiyaki 3.Meaning crossed The meaning of a few words are crossed in English and Chinese, both having the different and the same meaning, for example: Samurai Reference:《外来词对英语词汇的影响探究》Back
Loan words from France
Loan words from France 1
• The history and main stage of loan words from France • Stage 1:A.D.1066,the French Normandy duke William invaded England, and then French became the official language for three hundred years. • Stage 2: the rise of Renaissance • Stage 3: the stuarts restoration • Stage 4: the 19th century
语大多通过意译来进行, 英语从日语中借用的成语则大多采用完全音译 法。)
Kowashi mitashi →又害怕又想看 Oniowo tsukeru →添枝加叶，渲染夸张
Does the function and the meaning of the loan word totally coincide with the original? ※Pragmatic features of the loan words
Loan words from Japan
Loan word from Japan
When and how English borrowed words from Japan? ※ The origin of the loan words from Japan
19th century before, only few Japan words was translated into English by travel notes and translated literature. After 19th century, especially after Meiji Restoration(明治维新), as west countries and Japan have become increasingly closer in their relations, more and more Japan words have been borrowed by English.
Politics Items
• • • • • • • • • • • paper tiger (纸老虎 纸老虎) 纸老虎 one divides into two(一分为二 一分为二) 一分为二 one country with two systems(一国两制 。 一国两制) 一国两制 sanfan ( three-anti) (三反 三反) 三反 Great Cultural Revolution (文化大革命 文化大革命) 文化大革命 Great Leap Forward(大跃进 、 大跃进) 大跃进 Mao2ism(毛泽东的理论思想 毛泽东的理论思想) 毛泽东的理论思想 Four Modernizations (四个现代化 、 四个现代化) 四个现代化 reform and opening up to the outsideworld(改革开放 改革开放) 改革开放 One country with two systems ( 一国两制 、 一国两制) guanxi (关系 关系) 关系
Cultural Items
• • • • • • • • • • • • • kowtow(叩头 、 Taoism(道教 叩头) 道教) 叩头 道教 Kylin 麒麟 Shaolin：少林 ： chi (energy of life)：气 I Ching 易经 ： ba gua (octagonal Chinese design)：八卦 ：八卦， Four Books 四书 Five Claesics 赢经 Fight legged essay八股文 八股文 yin and yang：阴阳 ： Sun Tzu/The Art of War ：孙子 孙子兵法 孙子/孙子兵法 Confucius：孔子 孔老夫子 ：孔子/孔老夫子 Acupuncture：针灸 Tao：道 ： ： Yin yang 阴阳 Tai chi （1736年来自“太极”） 年来自“ 年来自 太极” Yamen （1747年来自“衙门”） 年来自“ 年来自 衙门” Kowtow （1804年来自“叩头”） 年来自“ Back 年来自 叩头”
法国 希腊
中国
意大利
日本
Loan words from China
一、汉语词汇进入英语的历史回顾
As a historical trend in linguistics, words borrowed from China have appeared in English since 1000 years ago. The earliest direct contact between China and Britain dates from 1637 when the Britain fleet visited China to buy tea. Before that ,the contact and trade between China and Britain mainly through the third party.
The lastest Politics Items
• 城管 “chengguan”成英文新“外来语” ”成英文新“外来语” • 外媒各自解释“chengguan”定义 外媒各自解释“ ” 在报道新闻的同时，国外媒体对于“ 在报道新闻的同时，国外媒体对于“chengguan” ” 这一外来语，也给出了不同的解释。印度媒体解释称， 这一外来语，也给出了不同的解释。印度媒体解释称， “‘chengguan’主要的任务就是驱赶街头无照商贩， “‘ ’主要的任务就是驱赶街头无照商贩， 以及检查各类许可证。 以及检查各类许可证。” 而英国《卫报》对此的定义则似乎更“专业” 而英国《卫报》对此的定义则似乎更“专业”些，该 报在23日的报道称 所谓“ 日的报道称， 报在 日的报道称，所谓“chengguan”是指“一些处 ”是指“ 理轻微犯罪和无序状态的雇员” 理轻微犯罪和无序状态的雇员”。 每日电讯报》则解释称， 《每日电讯报》则解释称，所谓 是指一种警察力量， “chengguan”，“是指一种警察力量，他们主要负责 ” 处理那些他们认为破坏稳定的人， 处理那些他们认为破坏稳定的人，包括驱赶中国城市的非 法摊贩、清除黑车、以及查验许可证。 法摊贩、清除黑车、以及查验许可证。”
1.Originating from proper salutation and apology Arigato →谢谢 Konnichiwa→你好 Sama →先生、夫人、小姐、女士
2.Originating from local goods and products geta →日本木屐 sukiyaki →日本火锅 kato →日本古琴 3.Originating from the customs, politics, economics, arts and religion of that time anime →动画 bansai →万岁 tera →佛寺 geisha → 艺伎 harakiri →切腹 4.Originating from Japanese idiom(英语从其他语言吸收成
Most of which came from the minnan dialect .For in those areas ,the trade between China and Britain has been in prosperous situation during hundreds of years .The goods and materials produced in southern China has promising market in all the European market.
Loan words from France 2
• The main means of loan words from France • Means 1:people speak different languages contact with each other • Means 2: culture exchange
Loan words from France 3
• The effect on English language culture • Language aspect: lexical semantic change, morphological perspective, syntax aspects • Social culture aspect: catering culture, ballet culture, architectural culture, the noble title culture