Unit 1 语法-直接引语与间接引语(学案)

Unit 1 Grammar: Direct Speech and Indirect Speech
1. Look at these sentences, and find out the difference between direct speech and indirect speech.
1. She said, “I am a student.” (Direct speech)→She said (that) she was a student. (Indirect speech)
2. T om said, “I am going to play basketball tomorrow.”→Tom said he was going to play basketball the next day.
3. He said，“I haven't heard from my parents these days.”
→He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days.
4. He said, “Do you go to school by bus or by bike?”→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
5. She said, “I won't go there any more.” →She said she wouldn't come her e any more.
6. Paul said, “I visited China last year.” →Paul said he had visited China the year before.
7. She asked me, “What was Jack doing at 9 o’clock yesterday?”
→She asked me what Jack was doing at 9 o’clock the day before.
8. Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework by 9 o’clock last night?”
→Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework by 9 o’clock the night before.
9. The teacher said to us, “The earth moves around the sun.”
→The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.
10. She said, “I went to England in 1998.”→She said she went to England in 1998.
2. 归纳
直接引语(Direct speech)：直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加引号。

注意：直接引语前常使用，而不是冒号；引号内直接引语的单词首字母要。

间接引语(Indirect speech)：用自己的话转述他人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式构成。

注意：间接引语不用、；间接引语要考虑、、、和代词的变化。

The difference between direct speech and indirect speech:
直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的变化
A．陈述句与疑问句
1.连词
若直接引语引号里的内容是陈述句，那么改为间接时，要用连词(可以省略)。

如上面的例句。

若直接引语引号里的内容.是一般疑问句、选择疑问句，那么改为间接时，要用连词(不可以省略)。

如上面的例句。

若直接引语引号里的内容是特殊疑问句，那么改为间接时，要用引导（不可以省略）。

如上面的例句。

2.变化
（1）从句人称的变化
①She said, “I am hungry.”→
②Mum said to me, “You can clean your bedroom tomorrow.”
→
③Mr. Smith said, “He is a good worker.”→
由直接引语变间接引语时，从句的主语人称要遵循一、二、三的原则。

a. 直接引语的主语是第一人称变为间接引语时要和主句的。

b. 如果直接引语的主语是第二人称变为间接引语时要与主句的。

c. 如果直接引语的主语是第三人称变为间接引语时，。

（2）从句动词时态的变化
a. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句的时态则应是与主句时态相应的过去时态。

①一般现在时→ ，如上面的例句 ；②一般过去时→ ，如上面的例句 ； ③现在进行时→ ，如上面的例句 ；④现在完成时→ ，如上面的例句 ； ⑤一般将来时→ ，如上面的例句 ；⑥过去进行时→ ，如上面的例句 ； ⑦过去完成时→ ，如上面的例句 。

b. 直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，从句时态 。

如上面的例句 ；
c. 直接引语若有明确的表示时间的词语，变间接引语时，时态 。

如上面的例句 。

d. 若直接引语中含有could, must, should 等情态动词，变间接引语时，时态 。

例如：The doctor said, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.”→ .
（3）、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
3. 小结：Summary
4. 巩固练习
1）将下列直接引语变为间接引语。

1. “I never eat meat,” he said. →He said that never meat.
2. “I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me. →He me that he wallet.
3. “I took it home with me,” she said. →She said that it home with .
4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”
→The teacher said that the sun in the east and down in the west.
5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me. →He me that he her .
6. “You should come here before five,” he said. →He said that I go before five.
7. “I bought the house 10 years ago,” he said. →He said that he the house 10 years .
8. “Did you see her last week?” he said. →He I had seen her .
9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” →He Jim that he sit .
10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” →He asked his mother it.
2）语法填空。

Li Ping told me 1. he 2. (have) a talk with his father two days before. His father asked him
3. he wanted to be and
4. he ’d like to be a lawyer. Li Ping told his father that there
5. be an exam
6. next week and he didn ’t know how many times he
7. (fail) and
8. he could catch up with others. His father told him that failure 9 (be) the mother of success. At last, Li Ping hoped that his father 10. (will) not give him too much pressure from then on.。