雅思阅读长难句分析作业
雅思课堂阅读分析总结(长难句)
Reading 1:A remarkable Beetle1.easier to control than buffalo flies【not given】-原文（第二段）：Ausrealia’s native dung beetles are scrub and woodland dwellers,specializing in couase marsupial droppings(粪便) and avoiding the soft cattle dung in which bush flies and bufflo flies breed.[澳洲本土的蜣螂生活在灌木丛和林地里，特别喜欢吃有袋动物的粪便，不吃灌木蝇和水牛蝇繁殖的软牛粪。
]-分析：原文并没有提到灌木蝇和水牛蝇控制的难易之分，因此答案为not given。
2.of dung beetle were initiallybrought to Australia by the CSIRO(由CSIRO带到澳大利亚,brought to A by B 由B带到A).【no】-原文(根据CSIRO定位至第3段)：Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia, Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different climatic zones in Australia.-分析：由原文知从1968年到1982年，CSIRO从亚洲、欧洲和非洲进口了大约50种不同种类的蜣螂，目的是让它们适应澳大利亚不同的气候区。
而不是题目中的4000种蜣螂，故答案为no。
3.题目：Dung beetles were brought to Australia by the CSIRO over a fourteen-year period.【yes】-原文：Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia, Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different climatic zones in Australia.-分析：1968至1982为14年，题目和原文相符合，故答案为yes。
解析雅思阅读之分析长难句答案
1. An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects’ actions as a result of the social environment under which the experiment was carried out.2. An action such as shocking a victim, which in isolation appears evil, acquires a completely different meaning when placed in this setting.3. Here we have two radically different explanations for why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure.4. That would matter less if people applied the same degree of skepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups in other fields.5. One form of pollution –the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming –does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem.6. Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality andpersonal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures,surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.7. A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim thatthis aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.8. Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief thatenvironmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.9. Yet a green organization opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic,even if an impartial view of the control in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.10. People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste.11. Ye t, even if America’s trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past, and even if the American population doubles by 2100, all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12,000th of the area of the entire United States.。
雅思阅读长难句分析举例
雅思阅读长难句分析举例一、分析方法例题：Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves’ preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy.难句类型：插入语译文：虽然古特曼承认，由于奴隶买卖而造成的被迫离散甚为频繁，但他还是证明，奴隶的偏爱——在那些奴隶买卖并不频繁的种植园上被最为显著地揭示出来——在很大程度上侧重于稳定的一夫一妻制(monogamy)。
解释：在这个雅思阅读长难句中，插入语的使用revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent, 后半个分句中的主语that slaves' preference与系动词was离得太远，造成阅读的困难。
意群训练：Although Gutman admits / that forced separation/ by sale was frequent，/he shows that the slaves‘ preference，/revealed most clearly/on plantations /where sale was infrequent，/was very much for stable monogamy.二、雅思阅读长难句11例练习巩固1. The scent she carried in her samples and onher body was a message to the other bees that this was the one they were looking for.(剑4, General Training Test B section 3)分析：本句的主句为“The scent was a message to the other bees”; “she carried in her samples an d on her body”为定语从句，做The scent的定语，关系词在定语从句中做宾语，因此被省掉;“that this was the one they were looking for”为that引导的同位语从句，做 a message的同位语;“they were looking for”为定语从句，做the one的定语，关系词在定语从句中做for的宾语，因此被省掉。
剑桥雅思阅读长难句分析6页
剑桥雅思阅读长难句分析1. The scent she carried in her samples and on her body was a message to the other bees that this was the one they were looking for.(剑4, General Training Test B section 3)分析：本句的主句为“The scent was a message to the other bees”;“she carried in her samples and on her body”为定语从句，做The scent 的定语，关系词在定语从句中做宾语，因此被省掉;“that this was the one they were looking for”为that引导的同位语从句，做a message 的同位语;“they were looking for”为定语从句，做the one的定语，关系词在定语从句中做for的宾语，因此被省掉。
2. Soon he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts about how bees communicate and, in doing so, revolutionize the study of animal behavior generally.(剑4, General Training Test B section 3)分析：本句的主句为“he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts about…and revolutionize the study of animal behavior generally”;“how bees communicate”为how引导的宾语从句，做介词about的宾语。
雅思阅读长难句分析作业
雅思阅读长难句分析作业雅思阅读长难句分析作业（2011-12-23）1.From a number of recent studies, it has become clear that blindpeople can appreciate the use of outlines and perspectives to describe the arrangement of objects and other surfaces in space.But pictures are more than literal representations.翻译：In this paragraph the writer makes the point that blind peopleA.may be interested in studying art.B.can draw outlines of different objects and surface.C.can recognize conventions such as perspective.D.can draw accurately.1.This fact was drawn to my attention dramatically when a blindwoman in one of my investigations decided on her own initiative to draw a wheel as it was spinning .To show this motion, she traced a curve inside the circle. I was taken aback.翻译：The writer was surprised because the blind womanA.drew a circle on her own initiative.B.did not understand what a wheel looked like.C.included a symbol representing movement.D.was the first person to use lines of motion.2.When I asked several other blind study subjects to draw aspinning wheel, one particularly clever rendition appeared repeatedly: several subjects showed the wheel’s spokes as curved lines. When asked about these curves, the all described them as metaphorical ways of suggesting motion.翻译：From the experiment described in the passage, the writer found that the blind subjectsA.had good understanding of symbols representing movement.B.could control the movement of wheels very accurately.C.worked together well as a group in solving problems.D.got better results than the sighted undergraduates.3.Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from allwalks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a “leader” in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform.Specifically, Milgram told each volunteer “ teacher-subject “ that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils’ability to learn.翻译：The teacher-subjects were told that they were testing whetherA.a 450-volt shock was dangerous.B.punishment helps learning.C.the pupils were honest.D.they were suited to teaching./doc/09cceee6524de518964b7d1e.html gram told the teacher-subjects to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for, as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment.翻译：The teacher-subjects were instructed toA.Stop when a pupil asked them to.B.Denounce pupils who made mistakes.C.Reduce the shock level after a correct answer.D.Give punishment according to a rule.5.Prior to carrying out the experiment, Milgram explain his idea toa group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the averagepercentage of people in an ordinary population who would be willing to administer the highest shock level of 450 volts. The overwhelming consensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter.翻译：Before the experiment took place the psychiatristsA.believe that a shock of 150 volts was too dangerous.B.failed to agree on how the teacher-subjects would respond toinstructions.C.underestimated the teacher-subjects ‘willingness to comply withexperimental procedure.D.though that many of the teacher-subjects would administer ashock of 450 volts.6.Australia has been unusual in the Western world in having a very conservative attitude to natural or alternative therapies, according to Dr Paul Laver, a lecturer in Public Health at the University of Sydney. ‘We had a tradition of doctor being fairly powerful and I guess they are pretty loath to allow any pretenders to their position to come into it.”翻译：Traditionally, how have Australian doctors differed from doctors in many Western countries?A.They have worked closely with pharmaceutical companies.B.They have often worked alongside other therapists.C.They have been reluctant to accept alternative therapistsD.They have regularly prescribed alternative remedies.7.Americans made more visits to alternative therapists than to orthodox doctors in 1990, and each year they spend about$US12 billion on therapies that have not been scientifically tested.In 1990, AmericansA.Were prescribed more herbal medicines than in previousyears.B.Consulted alternative therapists more often than doctors.C.Spent more on natural therapist than orthodox medicines.D.Made more complaints about doctors than in previous years.8.The concept of the rocket, or rather the mechanism behind the idea of propelling an object into the air, has been around for well over two thousand years. However, it wasn’t until the discovery of the reaction principle , which was the key to space travel and so represents one of the great milestones in the history of scientific thought that rocket technology was able to develop.The greatest outcome of the discovery of the reaction principle was thatA.rockets could be propelled into the air.B.space travel became a reality.C.a major problem had been solved.D.bigger rockets were able to be built.9.In addition to being responsible for more than 85 per cent of lung cancers, smoking is associated with cancers of , amongst others, the mouth, stomach and kidneys, and is thought to cause about 14 per cent of leukemia and cervical cancers. In 1990, smoking caused more 84,000 deaths, mainly resulting from such problems as pneumonia, bronchitis and influenza.翻译：According to information in the passage, leukemia and pneumoniaA.Are responsible for 84,000 deaths each year.B.Are strongly linked to cigarette smoking.C.Are strongly linked to lung cancer.D.Result in 30 per cent of deaths per year.10.Carbon monoxide, for example, competes with oxygen in red blood cells and interferes with the blood’s ability to deliver life-giving oxygen to the heart .翻译：According to information in the passage, intake of carbon monoxideA.Inhibits the flow of oxygen to the heart.B.Increases absorption of other smoke particles.C.Inhibits red blood cell formation.D.Promotes nicotine absorption.11.Nicotine and other toxins in cigarette smoke activate small blood cells called platelets, which increases the likelihood of blood clots, thereby affecting blood circulation throughout the body.翻译：According to information in the passage, intake of nicotine encouragesA.Blood circulation through the body.B.Activity of other toxins in the blood.C.Formation of blood clots.D.An increase of platelets in the blood.。
剑桥雅思阅读长难句分析（4）
1. The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in the most just and efficient way, is not a new one.（剑4, test4 passage 3） 分析：本句的主句为“The problem is not a new one”；“how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in the most just and efficient way”为how引导的宾语从句，做of的宾语；“so that they are distributed in the most just and efficient way”为so that引导的⽬的状语从句。
2. What is new is that, from the 1950s onwards, there have been certain general changes in outlook about the finitude of resources as a whole and of health-care resources in particular, as well as more specific changes regarding the clientele of health-care resources and the cost to the community of those resources. （剑4, test4 passage 3） 分析：本句的主句为“What is new is that…”；“that, from the 1950s onwards, there have been certain general changes in outlook about the finitude of resources as a whole and of health-care resources in particular, as well as more specific changes regarding the clientele of health-care resources and the cost to the community of those resources.”为that引导的表语从句；“regarding the clientele of health-care resources and the cost to the community of those resources”为现在分词短语做定语。
雅思阅读长难句分析
1. 【雅思长难句分析】1-5雅思阅读长难句分析：1And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.雅思阅读长难句分析：2Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of techno logy or vice versa(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.雅思阅读长难句分析：3How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, andAppropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.雅思阅读长难句分析：4There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to theResearch techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.雅思阅读长难句分析：5Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’seconomy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry , and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.---------------------------1-5答案------------------答案：and it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with theseprocesses, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.要点：句子的框架是and it is imagined … that…, and that …。
雅思长难句分析
雅思长难句分析1、In addition to the obvious problem--loneliness， another major obstacle， in my opinion， is the alien environment of campus.除了孤独这一明显的问题之外，我认为另一个困难是对校园环境的不熟悉。
2、Freshmen often get lost on campus； fail to find the way to dormitory or library. 新生常常在校园迷路，不知道去宿舍或图书馆该怎么走。
3、Most important of all， apart from their hometown and parents，students couldn't catch sight of any familiar face and have to suffer from homelessness， which can cause certain serious mental disease.更重要的是，离开了家乡和父母，看不到任何熟悉的面孔，他们不得不忍受思家之苦，这可能会导致严重的精神疾病。
4、In the first place， school authorities should provide far more services to help freshmen to get used to the new life as soon as possible.首先，学校应提供更多的服务，帮助新生尽快适应新的生活。
5、The senior and junior students could share their own experience about how to overcome the difficulty they have ever met， how to adjust to the new environment with the new students.高年级学生可以与新生一起分享他们的经历：如何克服遇到的困难，如何适应新的环境。
雅思阅读专项长难句讲义及练习
Understanding IELTS Grammar---Solution to Long & Complicated Sentences●长难句成因：“树形结构”：•修饰成分纷繁复杂•主从句交织•特殊句式●Strategies for Long & Complicated Sentences:一、主从复合句解析1.名词性从句2.定语从句3.状语从句4.多重复合句二、特殊结构句式解析1. 分隔结构2. 倒装结构3. 强调结构4. 双重或者多重否定5. 比较结构一、主从复合句解析1.名词性从句1.1 主语从句•Looking at the picture makes him experience a severe attack of nostalgia.•For her, a woman, to defy her husband’s order would be considered audacious at her time.•What bothers me about this point of view is that it implies that human beings, in somedeep sense, are not part of nature.•That he is in love with her is no longer a secret.主语从句解读方法：●●主语从句引导词：Practice:（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. （2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（4）Who the watch belongs to is unknown.（5）Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.（6）What caused the accident remains unknown.（7）What we need is time.（8）What we need are good doctors.（9）Whatever you did is right.Example 1：That the nineteenth– century French novelist Balzac could be financially wise in his fiction while losing all his money in his life was an irony which was duplicated in other matters.Example 2:That such radical adaptations can occur demands a view of the brain as dynamic and active rather than programmed and static.Example 3:However, it can not be denied that it was Smith who introduced such a target for later novelists.Further Practice:1. It is common knowledge that the full moon brings fair weather.2. It is a surprise that you gave such an answer to the question.3. It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city.4. It is probable that he has known everything.5. It appeared that he had a taste for music.6. It made us very happy that she was saved7. It remains unknown when they are going to get married.8. It is said that Li Hao has been to Europe.9. It was amusing that a rabbit ran out of the empty box on the desk.1.2. 宾语从句（object clause）引导词：Example 1：A survey of new stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.Example 2：Yet new findings in neuroscience suggest that the brain retains its ability to reorganize itself in response to experience or injury throughout life: after the loss of sensory input from an amputated limb, for example, adults are able to learn new motor skills effectively.Example 3：Art historian Kenneth Clarke, for example, writing in 1973, could not accept that the Mona Lisa was famous for reasons other than its inner qualities.Example 4:The study on rats, kittens, and mice may, for instance, provide a physiological explanation for why infant animals employ in their play the same kinds of behavior that they will later use as adults.1.3 表语从句引导词：who, how, when, as, whetherExample：The key issue in judging overpopulation is not how many people can fit into any given space but whether Earth can supply the population’s long-term requirement for food, water, and other resources.Practice:The miracle is how they all cooperate, and are integrated together, in the creation ofa self.1.4 同位语从句Example:He was surprised at the fact that he had passed the IELTS examination.先行词：破解关键：Example 1：There was still the faith that ordinary men are greater than the powers of nature or the mechanisms of man’s hands and will master them all in the end.Example 2:The belief that it is harmful to the black community for authors to explore the humanity of our leaders can have troubling effects.Example 3:【剑3】In recent times, scientific research has been providing evidence that years of cigarette smoking vastly increases the risk of developing fatal medical conditions.Example 4:【剑3】This attitude altered with the realization that marginal communities can survive and adapt in spite of partial integration in to a notoriously fickle worldeconomy.Practices：I take further comfort in the fact that human species managed to produce pretty decent creative work during the 5000 years that preceded 1710, when the Statue of Anne, the world’s first modern copyright law, passed the British parliament.According to James, a child’s first step on the road to self-understanding can be seen as the recognition that he or she exists. [剑9]2.定语从句引导词：Which:Like the slaves, women took literally the preamble of the Declaration of Independence, which states that all men are created equal.Libraries made education possible，and education in its turn added to libraries；the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law，which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.That:With the introduction of the electronic computer, there is no complicated problem that cannot be solved in a few hours.O ften, the children’s disagreements involved a struggle over a toy that none of them had played with before or after the tug-of-war: the children seemed to be disputing ownership rather than wanting to play with it. [剑9]There is something, they argue, inside the painting that speaks to us all, that unleashes feelings, emotion, and recognition.关系代词that的省略：Because the potential talent John has is obvious, he is going to be elected as the president.Another powerful source of information for infants about the effects they can have on the world around them is provided when others mimic them.Who:The student who is answering the question is John.The person who was here yesterday is a musician.Whom:In Berlin, he first met the woman whom he would one day marry.Whose:Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.关系副词:When:She will never forget the day when she got married.Where:One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.Why:Give me one reason why we should help you.复杂定语从句：介词/介词短语+引导词This is the desk on which I found my book.The pigmentation of a pearl is influenced by the type of oyster in which it develops and by the depth, temperature, and the salt content of the water in which the oyster lives.The beaver chews down trees to get food and material with which to build its home. His book vividly illustrates the intensity with which nineteenth-century America protested the intrusion the forces of industrialization and urbanization.We are not conscious of the extent to which work provide the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.【剑5】This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology—to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates, or at least strongly biases, the interaction of animals and humans with their environment, that is, their behavior.【剑8】Perhaps for us today, two of the most significant aspects of most of these studies of genius are the frequency with which early encouragement and teaching by parents and tutors had beneficial effects on the intellectual, artistic or musical development of the children but caused great difficulties of adjustment later in their lives, and the frequency with which abilities went unrecognized by teachers and schools.【剑8】The ease with which truly great ideas are accepted and taken for granted fails to lessen their significance.3.状语从句关联词：破解关键：When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.Even though the precise qualities of hero in literary words may vary over time, the basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.Since the consumer considers the best fruit to be that which is the most attractive, the grower must provide products that satisfy the discerning eye.I’m not living where I was.Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.I hired a boat so that I could go fishing.Take your coat in case it rains.He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam.He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.4.多重复合句However, Lewis and Brooks-Gunn (1979) suggest that infants’ developing understanding that movements they see in the mirror are contingent on their own, leads to a growing awareness that they are distinct from other people. [剑9]Since both rapid and light rail have electric engines, pollution is measured not from the motor exhaust but from the power plant generating electricity, which is usually located outside the city, where air quality problems are less serious.二、特殊结构句式1.分隔结构处理原则：Example:In relationships of mutual dependence, such as between labour and management or within an organization or a family, the question (of who is more powerful) turns on who is less dependent on the other.In developing countries, where at least 10 cities are expected to have more than 12 million people by the end of this decade, failing to give priority to public transport would be disastrous.It will take years for whites—including those who think of themselves as liberals—to discover and eliminate the racist attitudes they all actually have.Thirdly, the waste radioactive material, including not only the uranium but also water and even the clothes used by power station personnel, must be disposed of.A cousin of the tenacious Asian longhorned beetle—which since its initial discovery in 1996 in New York City has caused tens of millions of dollars in damage annually – ,the citrus longhorned beetle, was discovered on a juniper bush in August 2001 in Tukwila, Washington.Generations of teachers have assigned Thoreau’s book Walden (1854), which recounts his experiment in living in solitary harmony with nature, as an illustration of the intensity with which nineteenth-century America protested the intrusion into pastoral harmony of the forces of industrialization and urbanization.Practices:Yet Linnaeus himself would probably have been the first to admit that classification is only a tool, and not the ultimate purpose, of biological inquiry.Like Douglass, who invoked the rhetoric of male individualism to encourage identification with his narrative, she had to make her readers take the oppression of slave women personally, to see it as a threat to their own sense of themselves as women.2. 倒装结构(1). Only+状语位于句首Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a mother.(2). 以never, little, often, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely等词引导的句子。
雅思阅读之长难句解析综合版
雅思阅读之长难句解析综合版例句1Over a nine-year period, a team of archaeologists, which included Lars Pilo of Oppland County Council, Norway, and James Barrett of the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, surveyed patches of ice in Oppland, an area of south-central Norway that is home to some of the country's highest mountains.(剑16 Test4 Passage2 )1）结构分析层次一：主句：a team surveyed patches office in oppland修饰①：over......period【介短状，修饰主句，表时间】修饰②：which........Research【which定从，修饰archaeologists】修饰③：，an area...mountains【同位语，解释Oppland】1层次二：修饰③内部：主体：an area of south-central Norway修饰：that.....mountains【that定从，修饰south-central Norway】结构总结：主句+介短+定从+同位【嵌套定从】2）译文分析：红体字代表主干，括号代表修饰，大括号包括小括号（在9年期间），一对考古学家（包括来自挪威OC协会的Lars和来自M组织的James）调查了O地区的冰，【O是挪威中南部的一块区域，（这里有着一些该国家的山）】3）重点词汇：patches of（词组）大片的archaeologist：n. 考古学家Institute：n. 组织机构surveyed：v. 调查例句22Reindeer once congregated on these icy patches in the later summer months to escape biting insects, and from the late Stone Age**,hunters followed.(剑16 Test3 Passage2 ) 1）结构分析层次一：主句：reindeer once congregated on these icy patches and hunters followed修饰①：in later summer months【介短状语，修饰congregate，表时间】修饰②：to......... insects【介短状语，修饰主句，表方面】修饰③：from...... Age【介短状语，修饰followed，表时间】结构总结：主句+介短+介短+介短2）译文分析：红体字代表主干，括号代表修饰，大括号包括小括号（在夏季），驯鹿曾汇聚在这些冰地，（为了逃离害虫的攻击），然后（从石器时代后期），狩猎者就来了3）重点词汇：congregated：v. 汇聚聚集3escape：v. 逃离insects：n. 昆虫hunters：n. 狩猎者猎人例句3You're rescuing the archaeology, bringing the melting ice to wider attention, discovering a unique environmental history and really connecting with the natural environment, says Barrett..(剑16 Test3 Passage2)1）结构分析：层次一：主句：You're rescuing the archaeology，says Barret修饰：bringing.....，discovering.....，and connecting...environment【doing分词状】结构总结：主句+doing2）译文分析：红体字代表主干，括号代表修饰，大括号包括小括号4B说：你正在解救考古学，（让正在融化的冰被广泛关注，发现了一个独特的环境史，并且真正联系自然环境）3）重点词汇：rescue：v. 解救unique：adj. 独特的的bringing.... to wider attention：（词组）让....得以广泛关注5。
雅思阅读长难句分析
雅思阅读长难句分析1.There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usuall English wordes’.翻译：当然，过去也有词典，第一部词典是一本大约120页的小册子，它由一位叫罗伯特·考德雷的人编纂而成并于1604年出版，书名叫《疑难常用英语词汇表》。
词汇：compile v. 编写，编纂a certain 某一publish v. 出版under the title 名叫……，题为……分析：主干部分：There had been dictionaries in the past. （倒装句）独立主格结构：the first of these being a little book of some 120 pagesThe first of these 逻辑主语Being a little book of some 120 pages 分词短语状语成分：compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published ... wordes’. （过去分词短语作状语）2.Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer --- lexical as wellas social and commercial.翻译：除了从混乱中建立起秩序的实际需要，词典的兴起也与英国中产阶级的兴起息息相关，他们急切地希望能定义和界定各种各样等待他们去征服的领域——词汇领域，社会领域以及商业领域。
剑桥雅思阅读长难句分析（6）
1. The dominant idea, raised by 64% of the pupils, was that rainforests provide animals with habitats. （test1 passage 1） 分析：“raised by 64% of the pupils”为过去分词短语作定语，“that rainforests provide animals with habitats”为表语从句，作was的表语，本句的主句为“The dominant idea…was that…”。
2. These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils' views about the use and conservation of rainforests, in which girls were shown to be more sympathetic to animals and expressed views which seem to place an intrinsic value on non-human animal life. （test1 passage 1） 分析：本句的主句是“These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils' views about the use and conservation of rainforests”, ⽽后⾯的“in which girls were shown to be more sympathetic to animals and expressed views which seem to place an intrinsic value on non-human animal life”为定语从句，⽽在此定语从句中还有⼀个定语从句“which seem to place an intrinsic value on non-human animal life”。
雅思阅读长难句分析
雅思阅读长难句分析我们先来看几个例子1. 题目：Research completed in 1982 found that in the United States soil erosion……C3T2P2A reduced the productivity of farmland by20 per centB was almost as severe as in India and ChinaC was causing significant damage to 20 per cent of farmlandD could be reduced by converting cultivated land to meadow or forest原文：The United States, where the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate likely to diminish the soil’sproductivity.很明显，原文是一个长句，而对于长句的处理就是找出主干，我们可以看出来，这个句子的主干是The United States discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losingtopsoil。
所以答案就非常明显应该选择C。
所以你会发现很多考生都会选的A项经过对此长句的分析，它根本就不在此长句的主干，也就是说这是对作者要表达的意思的补充说明。
从这里我们可以看出，出题者对干扰项的出题思路，干扰项所在的位置都是定位句子的非主干部分。
2. 题目：Paragraph B How the port changes a city’s infrastructure C2T2P3原文：Port cities become industrial, financial and service centers and political capitals because of their water connections and the urban concentration which arises there and later draws to itrailway, highways and air routes. Water transport means cheap access, the chief basis of all port cities. Many of the world’s biggest cities, for example, London, New York, Shanghai, Istanbul,Buenos Aries, Tokyo, Jakarta, Calcutta, Philadelphia and San Francisco began as ports—that is, with land-sea exchange as their major function—but they have since grown disproportionately inother respects, so that their port functions are no longer dominant.They remain different kinds of places from non-port cities and their port functions account for that difference.做这一道题的时候，考生只要知道出题者的出干扰项的思路，就不会选How the port changes a city’s inf rastructure这个小标题。
雅思阅读剑桥雅思长难句分析7
我的托福雅思必过雅思阅读:剑桥雅思长难句分析7雅思频道为大家整理了雅思阅读：剑桥雅思长难句分析(7)，供考生们参考，以下是详细内容。
1. A popular explanation of play has been that it helps juveniles develop the skills they will need to hunt. (test2 passage 3)分析：本句的主句为“A popular explanation of play has been that…〞;“that i t helps juveniles develop the skills they will need to hunt〞为that引导的表语从句，作has been的表语;“they will need to hunt〞为定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，被省略。
2. Comparing measurements for fifteen orders of mammal, he and his team found larger brains (for a given body size) are linked to greater playfulness. (test2 passage 3)分析：本句的主句为“he and his team found larger brains (for a given body size) are linked to greater playfulness〞;“Comparing measurements for fifteen orders of mammal〞为现在分词短语作状语;“larger brains (for a given body siz e) are linked to greater playfulness〞为宾语从句，that被省略。
雅思阅读长难句分析
倒装结构1．Halfway across the room, a small pistol in his hand, stood a man.结构：全句只有1个谓语动词：stood。
本句是完全倒装结构，按正常语序应该是：A small pistol in his hand, a man stood halfway across the room. 其中，a small pistol in his hand 是一个独立主格结构，修饰主语a man.翻译：一名男子站在屋子中间，手里拿着一支手枪。
2．They do not seem to like one another very much, neither are they too keen on conventional people.结构：全句有2个谓语动词：do和are。
本句的后半部分是一个主谓倒装的单句，按正常语序应该是：They are neither too keen on conventional people. 注意neither指的是“（两个中的）一个都不”。
翻译：他们看起来不太喜欢彼此。
他们也都不怎么喜欢传统的人（普通人）。
3．Down came the “white only” notices in buses, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, rest rooms and on park benches that once could be found everywhere throughout the South.结构：全句有2个谓语动词：came，could be。
其中主句的是：came。
按照正常语序句子主干应该是：The “white only” notices … came down. Notices后面的介词短语，作为后置定语修饰notices。
介词短语后面还有一个that引导的定语从句修饰notices。
【阅读】剑桥雅思长难句分析（五）
【阅读】剑桥雅思长难句分析（五）1. These methods include strength training that duplicates what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics, a technique pioneered in the former Soviet Union. (剑4, test4 passage 1)分析：本句的主句为“These methods include strength training”;“that duplicates what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics”为定语从句，做“strength training”的定语，关系词为that;“what they are doing in their running events a s well as plyometrics”为宾语从句，由what引导;“a technique pioneered in the former Soviet Union”为plyometrics 的同位语。
2. A biomechanic films an athlete in action and then digitizes her performance, recording the motion of every joint and limb in three dimensions. (剑4, test4 passage 1)分析：本句的主句为“A biomechanic films an athlete in action and then digitizes her performance”;“recording the motion of every joint and limb in three dimensions”为现在分词短语做状语。
雅思阅读长难句分析5例
雅思阅读长难句分析5例下面为大家整理的是五例雅思阅读长难句的翻译，并没有对其中的语法成分进行分析。
雅思阅读长难句是阻碍大家提高阅读成绩的最大障碍之一，想要克服就需要多接触一些长难句的类型，掌握长难句的阅读方法。
来看看详细内容吧。
1.The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints-ways of feeling，thinking，and acting that "come naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture.这些人类学家所归诸于生物进化的作用，不是规定人类行为的种种细节，而是将各种限制强加于人类——即在任何文化的典型情景中都会"自然表露"的情感、思维、以及行动方式。
2. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths，where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated，to pass through，they absorb some of the longer-wavelength，infrared emissions radiated from the Earth…s surface，radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space.虽然这些分子允许可见波长(visible wavelength)的辐射——阳光的绝大部分能量就汇集于此——不受阻挡地穿透，但它们却会吸收某些较长波长(longer-wavelength)，亦即从地球表面辐射出的红外发射(infrared emission)，这种辐射若不是二氧化碳的缘故就会被重新输送回太空。
剑桥雅思阅读分析之长难句
剑桥雅思阅读分析之长难句剑桥雅思阅读分析之长难句朗阁雅思考试研究中心在许多考试中，同学们都会遇到长难句，而且及其难理解，很多学生看到这些句子段落就看是害怕，其实这些句子只要慢慢剖析就能一一击破，并不是特别的难，重要的是方法！1.As audiences grew, so did the places where films were shown, finishing upwith the …great picture palaces? of the 1920s, which rivaled, and occasionally superseded, theatres and opera-houses in terms of opulence and splendour.（剑4, General Training Test A section 3）分析：本句的主句为倒装句“so did the places”; “As audiences gre w”为as引导的时间状语从句；“where films were shown”为定语从句，做places的定语，关系词为where; “finishing up with the …great picture palaces? of the 1920s”为现在分词短语做伴随状语；“which rivaled, and occasionally superseded, theatres and opera-houses in terms of opulence and splendour.”为非限制性定语从句，关系词为which。
2. Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and toadminister whatever level of shock was called for, as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment.（剑5, Test 1 passage 2）分析：本句的主句为“Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever lev el of shock was called for”; 其中“whatever level of shock was called for”为whatever引导的宾语从句，做administer的宾语；as per为介词短语，意为依据，根据；“governing the experimentalsituation of th e moment”为现在分词短语作定语，做the rule的定语。
雅思阅读长难句分析
雅思阅读长难句分析The greatest outcome of the discovery of the reaction principle was that space travel became a reality. (剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage1) –表语从句The greatest progress in rocket technology was made from the late 19th century to the present day. (剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage1)-难句Leukemia and pneumonia are strongly linked to cigarette smoking. ( 剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage2)-上下文猜词Intake of carbon monoxide inhibits the flow of oxygen to the heart. (剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage2)-上下文猜词Intake of nicotine encourages formation of blood clots. (剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage2)-常识猜词Teenagers whose parents smoke are at risk of getting lung cancer at some time during their lives.-(剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage2)-定语从句Passive smoking is more harmful to non-smokers than to smokers( 剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage2)--对比Compared with a non-smoker, a smoker is more likely to be at risk of contracting various cancers.- (剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage2)-熟词僻义-对比There is philosophical ques tion as to whether people should have to inhale others’ smoke.- ( 剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage2)-同位语从句Antidotes to bacterial infection-词根猜词(剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage3)If a prediction based on a hypothesis is fulfilled, then the hypothesis is confirmed as true. –逻辑猜词(剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage3)The‘scientific method’is more a way of describing research than a way of doing it. –对比(剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage3)The writer’s main purpose is to explain to Ph.D. students the logic which the scientific research paper follows –定语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage3)Research completed in 1982 found that in the United States soil erosion was almost as severe as in India and China-对比/宾语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 2-passage2)Research completed in 1982 found that in the United States soil erosion could be reduced by converting cultivated land to meadow or forest. –宾语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 2-passage2)By the mid-1980s, farmers in Denmark more than doubled the amount of pesticide and fertiliser they used in just 3 years. –对比(剑桥雅思3-TEST 2-passage2)The writer refers to some rich countries as being “less enlightened” than New Zealand because their policies do not recognize the long-term benefit of ending subsidies. -对比(剑桥雅思3-TEST 2-passage2)It would be a good idea to specify the role definitions of soldiers more clearly. (剑桥雅思3-TEST 2-passage3)表观点The decline in emphasis on marriage rituals should be reversed. –难句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 2-passage3)A new headmaster of a school who enlarges his office and puts in expensive carpeting is using the office as a role sign.定语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 2-passage3)The wig which judges wear in UK courts is a role sign. 定语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 2-passage3)The department concentrates on collecting single unrelated objects of great value-难句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 3-passage1)Many small-scale societies have survived and adapted in spite of predictions to the contrary-对比/难句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 3-passage1)The hostility of the indigenous population to North American influences(剑桥雅思3-TEST 3-passage2)复杂的名词性成分The influence of prehistoric inhabitants on Amazonian natural story 复杂的名词性成分(剑桥雅思3-TEST 3-passage2)The reason for the simplicity of the Indian way of life is that Amazonia has always unable to support a more complex society-同位语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 3-passage2)Most ecologists were aware that the areas of Amazonia they were working in had been shaped by human settlement. 表观点/定语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 3-passage2)The author believes recent discoveries of the remains of complex societies in Amazonia are the ruins of communities established since the European invasions. 难句/宾语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 3-passage2)The assumption that the tropical ecosystem of Amazonia has been created solely by natural forces has been shown to be incorrect by recent research. 同位语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 3-passage2)The application of our new insights into the Amazonian past would change present policies on development in the region. 难句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 3-passage2)According to British research, a mere twelve per cent of vehicles tested produced over fifty per cent of total pollution produced by the sample group. 难句/定语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 4-passage1)It is currently possible to measure the pollution coming from individual vehicles whilst they are moving. 状语从句/难句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 4-passage1)Charging drivers for entering certain parts of the city has been successfully done in Cambridge.难句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 4-passage1)How many pollutants currently exceed WHO guidelines in all megacities studied? 难句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 4-passage1)What is the main aspect of the suffragette movement’s work to which the exhibition at the Museum of London is devoted? 难句/定语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 4-passage2)The experiment was designed to establish whether increased productivity should be sought at any cost. 宾语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 4-passage3)It has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the “pure science” that they study at school. 主语从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 1-passage1)The fact that children’s ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them. 难句/同位语从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 1-passage1)The study reported here follows on from a series of studies that have looked at children’s understanding of rainforests. 定语从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 1-passage1)Which of the responses is cited as unexpectedly uncommon, given the amount of time spent on the issue by the newspapers and television? 难一点的问句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 1-passage1)The rainforests are being destroyed by the same things that are destroying the forests of Western Europe. 定语从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 1-passage1)The destruction of the rainforests is the direct result of logging activity. 难一点的简单句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 1-passage1)The development of a program in environmental studies within a science curriculum 复杂的名词词组(剑桥雅思4-TEST 1-passage1)The writer makes the point that blind people can recognize conventions such as perspective. 同位语从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 1-passage3)A set of word pairs was used to investigate whether blind and sighted people perceived the symbolism in abstract shapes in the same way. Subjects were asked which fitted best with a circle and which with a square. 难句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 1-passage1)This great variety of languages came about largely as a result of geographical isolation. But factors such as government initiatives and economic globalization are contributing to a huge decrease I the num ber of languages. One factor which may help to ensure that some endangered languages do not die out completely is people’s increasing appreciation of their cultural identity. 难句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 2-passage1)Saving languages from extinction is not in itself a satisfactory goal. 难句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 2-passage1)In 1990, Americans consulted alternative therapists more often than doctors. –比较(剑桥雅思4-TEST 2-passage2)The 1993 Sydney survey involved 289 patients who visited alternative therapists for acupuncture treatment. –从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 2-passage2)The number s patients visiting alternative therapists rose to include a further 8% of the population. –从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 2-passage2)The way play causes unusual connections in the brain which are beneficial-名词性从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 2-passage3)A description of the mental activities which are exercised and developed during play-名词性从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 2-passage3)The possible effects that a reduction in play opportunities will have on humans 名词性从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 2-passage3)The classes of animals for which play is important 名词性从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 2-passage3)There is a tendency for mammals with smaller brains to play less-名词性从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST2-passage3)Which of the following is mentioned by the writer as a reason why children end up living on the streets?从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 3-passage1)What are the sections of the earth’s crust, often associated with volcanic activity, called? (剑桥雅思4-TEST 3-passage2)The length of time the process takes will affect the size of the corpus and linguists often find themselves relying on the additional information that can be gained from the intuitions of those who speak the languages concerned. (剑桥雅思4-TEST 3-passage3)A belief that all the health-care resources the community needed would be produced by economic growth-名词从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 4-passage3)Before the experiment took place the psychiatrists underestimated the teacher-subjects’ willingness to comply with experimental procedure. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 1-passage2)The writer quotes from the worldwide fund for nature to illustrate how influential the mass media can be. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 1-passage3)The writer suggests that newspapers print items that are intended to meet their readers expectations. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 1-passage3)America’s waste problem is not as important as we have been led to believe. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 1-passage3)The writer admits that global warming is a long-term challenge, but says that it will not have a catastrophic impact on our future, if we deal with it in the right way. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 1-passage2)Some plastics behave in a similar way to candle wax in that they melt under heat and can be molded into new forms. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 2-passage1)There were several reasons for the research into plastics in the 19th century, among them the great advances that had been made in the field of chemistry and the search for alternatives to natural resources like ivory. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 2-passage1)Kant believed that a successful joke involves the controlled release of nervous energy. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 2-passage2)One of the brain’s most difficult tasks is to respond instantly to whatever is happening. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 2-passage2)Scientific language allowed scientists to communicate with other socially privileged thinkers while protecting their work from unwanted exploitation. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 2-passage3)Sometimes the desire to protect ideas seems to have been stronger than the desire to communicate them, particularly in the case of mathematicians. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 2-passage3)Scientists worried that English had neither the technical vocabulary nor the grammatical resources to express their ideas. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 2-passage3)Although English was then o vertaken by German, it developed again in the 19th century as a direct result of the industrial revolut ion. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 2-passage3)In 17th century Britain, leading thinkers combined their interest in science with an interest in how to express ideas. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 2-passage3)Children of uneducated, single parents scored less highly in areas such as reasoning and interacting with others. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 3-passage1)To deal with this, Stanley suggests the use of artificial floods in the short term, and increasing the amount of water available through desalination in the longer term. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 2-passage2)The fact that AI brings together a range of separate research areas. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 3-passage3)How AI could help deal with difficulties related to the amount of information available electronically. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 3-passage3)In the late 1980s there was a feeling that original expectations of AI may not have been justified/a wide range of applications was close to fruition. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 3-passage3)In Dr Leake’s opinion, the reputation of AI suffered as a result of premature implementation(剑桥雅思5-TEST 3-passage3)The low financial cost of setting up wilderness tourism makes it attractive to may countries. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 4-passage1)Government handouts do more damage than tourism does to traditional patterns of food-gathering. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 4-passage1)。
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雅思阅读长难句分析作业（2011-12-23）1.From a number of recent studies, it has become clear that blindpeople can appreciate the use of outlines and perspectives to describe the arrangement of objects and other surfaces in space.But pictures are more than literal representations.翻译：In this paragraph the writer makes the point that blind peopleA.may be interested in studying art.B.can draw outlines of different objects and surface.C.can recognize conventions such as perspective.D.can draw accurately.1.This fact was drawn to my attention dramatically when a blindwoman in one of my investigations decided on her own initiative to draw a wheel as it was spinning .To show this motion, she traced a curve inside the circle. I was taken aback.翻译：The writer was surprised because the blind womanA.drew a circle on her own initiative.B.did not understand what a wheel looked like.C.included a symbol representing movement.D.was the first person to use lines of motion.2.When I asked several other blind study subjects to draw aspinning wheel, one particularly clever rendition appeared repeatedly: several subjects showed the wheel’s spokes as curved lines. When asked about these curves, the all described them as metaphorical ways of suggesting motion.翻译：From the experiment described in the passage, the writer found that the blind subjectsA.had good understanding of symbols representing movement.B.could control the movement of wheels very accurately.C.worked together well as a group in solving problems.D.got better results than the sighted undergraduates.3.Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from allwalks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a “leader” in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform.Specifically, Milgram told each volunteer “ teacher-subject “ that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils’ability to learn.翻译：The teacher-subjects were told that they were testing whetherA.a 450-volt shock was dangerous.B.punishment helps learning.C.the pupils were honest.D.they were suited to teaching.gram told the teacher-subjects to ignore the reactions of thepupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for, as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment.翻译：The teacher-subjects were instructed toA.Stop when a pupil asked them to.B.Denounce pupils who made mistakes.C.Reduce the shock level after a correct answer.D.Give punishment according to a rule.5.Prior to carrying out the experiment, Milgram explain his idea toa group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the averagepercentage of people in an ordinary population who would be willing to administer the highest shock level of 450 volts. The overwhelming consensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter.翻译：Before the experiment took place the psychiatristsA.believe that a shock of 150 volts was too dangerous.B.failed to agree on how the teacher-subjects would respond toinstructions.C.underestimated the teacher-subjects ‘willingness to comply withexperimental procedure.D.though that many of the teacher-subjects would administer ashock of 450 volts.6.Australia has been unusual in the Western world in having a very conservative attitude to natural or alternative therapies, according to Dr Paul Laver, a lecturer in Public Health at the University of Sydney. ‘We had a tradition of doctor being fairly powerful and I guess they are pretty loath to allow any pretenders to their position to come into it.”翻译：Traditionally, how have Australian doctors differed from doctors in many Western countries?A.They have worked closely with pharmaceutical companies.B.They have often worked alongside other therapists.C.They have been reluctant to accept alternative therapistsD.They have regularly prescribed alternative remedies.7.Americans made more visits to alternative therapists than to orthodox doctors in 1990, and each year they spend about $US12 billion on therapies that have not been scientifically tested.In 1990, AmericansA.Were prescribed more herbal medicines than in previousyears.B.Consulted alternative therapists more often than doctors.C.Spent more on natural therapist than orthodox medicines.D.Made more complaints about doctors than in previous years.8.The concept of the rocket, or rather the mechanism behind the idea of propelling an object into the air, has been around for well over two thousand years. However, it wasn’t until the discovery of the reaction principle , which was the key to space travel and so represents one of the great milestones in the history of scientific thought that rocket technology was able to develop.The greatest outcome of the discovery of the reaction principle was thatA.rockets could be propelled into the air.B.space travel became a reality.C.a major problem had been solved.D.bigger rockets were able to be built.9.In addition to being responsible for more than 85 per cent of lung cancers, smoking is associated with cancers of , amongst others, the mouth, stomach and kidneys, and is thought to cause about 14 per cent of leukemia and cervical cancers. In 1990, smoking caused more 84,000 deaths, mainly resulting from such problems as pneumonia, bronchitis and influenza.翻译：According to information in the passage, leukemia and pneumoniaA.Are responsible for 84,000 deaths each year.B.Are strongly linked to cigarette smoking.C.Are strongly linked to lung cancer.D.Result in 30 per cent of deaths per year.10.Carbon monoxide, for example, competes with oxygen in red blood cells and interferes with the blood’s ability to deliverlife-giving oxygen to the heart .翻译：According to information in the passage, intake of carbon monoxideA.Inhibits the flow of oxygen to the heart.B.Increases absorption of other smoke particles.C.Inhibits red blood cell formation.D.Promotes nicotine absorption.11.Nicotine and other toxins in cigarette smoke activate small blood cells called platelets, which increases the likelihood of blood clots, thereby affecting blood circulation throughout the body.翻译：According to information in the passage, intake of nicotine encouragesA.Blood circulation through the body.B.Activity of other toxins in the blood.C.Formation of blood clots.D.An increase of platelets in the blood.。